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Neurosciences Lecture
October 3, 2016
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Outline
Cerebellum
1. Anatomy
2. Function
3. Cerebellar Pathways
4. Cerebellar Signs
5. 4 Cerebellar Syndromes
6. Examination of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar
Pathways
Meninges
Anatomy
Projections of the Dura Mater
Meninges and Spaces
Examination of the Meninges
I. Cerebellum
Anatomy
Vermis
>midline portion
>separates two lateral lobes or hemispheres
Folia
>narrow, ridge-like folds
>oriented transversely on external surface
Cerebellar Signs
HYPOTONIA
Adiodochokinesis; Dysdiadochokinesis
abnormality in the rhythm of rapid alternating
movements
Functions
1.
2.
Cerebellar Pathways
[Transcribed by Trinidad, Virtusio]
CEREBELLAR DYSARTHRIA
Page 1 of 4
[Neurology Lecture]
2.
3.
4.
Module 3
3.
4.
Pancerebellar Syndrome
> Bilateral signs of cerebellar dysfunction
affecting
the
trunk,
limbs,
and
cranial
musculature
>Some etiologies:
hypoglycemia
hyperthermia
Toxic processes
2.
Hemispheric Syndrome
> Incoordination of ipsilateral appendicular
movements
> Usual etiologies: Infarcts, neoplasms,
abscesses
Page 2 of 4
[Neurology Lecture]
Module 3
demonstration of Hypotonia
Inspect for hypotonia rag doll postures
Checking for hypotonia
Pendulous or hypotonic muscle stretch reflexes
Wrist-slapping test
Arm-pulling test
Eye movements, Speech
Cerebellar System
Pancerebellar syndrome occurs usually from
ethanol or drug intoxication
Cerebellar Hemisphere syndrome occurs
from tumors or strokes
Caudal Vermis syndrome often occurs from
tumors or strokes
Rostral Vermis syndrome often occurs from
tumors or strokes
II. Meninges
Anatomy
1.
Heel-to-shin test
Heel-tapping test
Clinical
Dura
mater
+
Arachnoid mater
Page 3 of 4
[Neurology Lecture]
Module 3
Diaphragma sella
Circular fold which covers the sella turcica
separating
the
pituitary
gland
from
the
hypothalamus
Cisterna magna
Cerebellomedullary
Pontine cisterns
Interpeduncular cisterns
Chiasmatic cisterns
Superior cisterns
Lumbar cistern
Kernigs Sign
a. Use for diagnosis of meningitis
b. Inability of the knee to be flexed to 90
degrees because of severe stiffness of
hamstrings
c. Protective reaction to prevent pain and
spasm of hamstring muscles due to stretch
of inflamed nerve roots
B.
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