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History of Samhain
Also known as Halloween
Posted by SapphireMoonRaven
The first was to honor the dead who were allowed to rise from the Otherworld. The
Celts believed that souls were set free from the land of the dead during the eve of
Samhain. Those that had been trapped in the bodies of animals were released by the
Lord of the Dead and sent to their new incarnations. The wearing of these costumes
signified the release of these souls into the physical world.
Not all of these souls were honored and respected. Some were also feared as they
would return to the physical world and destroy crops, hide livestock or 'haunt' the
living who may have done them wrong. The second reason for these traditional
costumes was to hide from these malevolent spirits to escape their trickery.
The final representation was a method to honor the Celtic Gods and Goddesses of the
harvest, fields and flocks. Giving thanks and homage to those deities who assisted the
village or clan through the trials and tribulations of the previous year. And to ask for
their favor during the coming year and the harsh winter months that were approaching.
In addition to celebrations and dance, it was believed that this thin veil between the
physical world and the Otherworld provided extra energy for communications between
the living and the dead. With these communications, Druid Priests, and Celtic Shamans
would attempted to tell the fortunes of individual people through a variety of methods.
For a people entirely dependent on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an
important source of comfort and direction during the long, dark winter.
These psychic readings would be conducted with a variety of divination tools. Such as
throwing bones, or casting the Celtic Ogham. There is some historical evidence that
additional tools of divination were also used. Most of this comes from writings
recorded by Roman invaders, but there are stories of reading tea leaves, rocks and
twigs, and even simple spiritual communications that today we'd call Channeling.
Some historians have suggested that these early people were the first to use tiles made
from wood and painted with various images which were the precursor to Tarot Cards.
There's no real evidence to support this, but the 'story' of these tiles has lingered for
centuries.
When the community celebration was over, each family would take a torch or burning
ember from the sacred bonfire and return to their own home. The home fires that has
been extinguished during the day were re-lit by the flame of the sacred bonfire to help
protect the dwelling and it's inhabitants during the coming winter. These fires were
kept burning night and day during the next several months. It was believed that if a
home lost it's fire, tragedy and troubles would soon follow.
With the hearth fires lit, the families would place food and drink outside their doors.
This was done to appease the roaming spirits who might play tricks on the family.
The Romans began to conquer the Celtic territories. By A.D. 43 they had succeeded in
claiming the majority of the Celtic lands. They ruled for approximately four hundred
years combining or influencing many Celtic traditional celebrations with their own.
Two Roman holidays were merged with Samhain.
1. Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans traditionally commemorated the
passing of the dead.
2. Pomona's Day of Honoring, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of
Pomona is the apple and the incorporation of this celebration into Samhain probably
explains the tradition of "bobbing" for apples that is practiced today on Halloween.
Samhain to Halloween
With the coming of Christianity in the 800s AD, the early Church in England tried to
Christianize the old Celtic festivals. Pope Boniface IV designated the 1st of November
as "All Saints Day," honoring saints and martyrs. He also decreed October 31 as "All
Hallows Eve", that eventually became Hallow'een.
Scholars today widely accept that the Pope was attempting to replace the earlier Celtic
pagan festival with a church-sanctioned holiday. As this Christian holiday spread, the
name evolved as well. Also called All-hallows Eve or All-hallowmas (from Middle
English Alholowmesse meaning All Saints' Day). 200 years later, in 1000 AD, the
church made November 2 All Souls' Day, a day to honor the dead. It is celebrated
similarly to Samhain, with big bonfires, parades, and dressing up in costumes as saints,
angels, and devils. Together, the three celebrations, the eve of All Saints', All Saints',
and All Souls' day, are called Hallowmas.
November 1st or May 13th?
Some people confuse Samhain being originally celebrated in May with other pagan
and early Christian holidays.
Samhain comes from the Gaelic word samain. "Sam" - summer and "fuin" - end. It
literally means Summer's End. The early Irish and Brythonic cultures believed the year
was divided in half. The dark half and the light half. Samhain marked the end of the
light half and the beginning of the Celtic new year or the dark half.
According to Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (1979 Vol 12 p 152), The Druids
originated the holiday. It was a celebration of Saman Lord of the Dead who was the
God of Evil Spirits. There is some debate about this origination as the Druids were not
the only, or the first spiritual pagans of Ireland.
Some of the earliest archaeological evidence of the Celts come from their trade routes
with the Greeks. Their culture can be followed with great precision from the 5th
Century BC through the La Tne culture. From these early records with the Greeks we
know of some of their great festivals and in particular one of their biggest Samhain the
new years festival. Certainly we can gain information from Julius Caesar who wrote
extensively about the Gauls during his invasion campaigns in Ireland during 4th
Century BC. Eventually Rome is sacked by the Celts in 3rd Century BC, around 390BC.
The Romans in general wrote of their warlike inhabitants and many of their barbaric
celebrations. Which included Samhain.
In most if not all of these accounts, Samhain is immersed in blood and sacrifice. Often
in the earliest of times, those sacrifices were human. One Greek account states these
early Celts sacrificed prisoners captured during a battle during their New Years festival
of Samhain. In The History and Origins of Druidism by Lewis Spencer writes about the
Druids stating they burned their victims in holy fire which had to be consecrated by a
Druid priest.
The confusion of May to November 1st probably comes from the Christians and pagan
Roman festivals. The Roman Empire was a pagan culture. During their reign they held
many pagan festivals and celebrations, one being the Feast of the Lemures on May 13th.
During this time malevolent and restless spirits of the dead were appeased and festival
participants would attempt to gain the favor of the spirits. The feast covered a three day
period that honored "all the dead" with food, drink and sacrifice.
At the same time Pope Boniface IV consecrated the Pantheon at Rome to the Blessed
Virgin and all the martyrs. This was celebrated in the west from May 13, 609 to 610.
Pope Gregory III (731741) during an oratory in St. Peter's for the relics "of the holy
apostles and of all saints, martyrs and confessors, of all the just made perfect who are at
rest throughout the world", moved All Saints Day to November 1.
This is further confused by the early Irish churches who did not celebrate All Hallows
Day in November or May, but rather in early spring on April 20th during the Felire of
Oengus and the Martyrology of Talaght. A festival of All Saints was already widely
celebrated in the days of Charlemagne in November.
But it took a decree at the insistence of Pope Gregory IV to all the bishops, that the
celebration be confirmed on November 1st.
These early similar celebrations come together around 835AD. The Roman pagan
festival is over taken by the early Church, the Irish Church conforms it's celebrations
with Rome, and everyone seems to move their day of the dead to coincide with early
Irish pagans and their celebration of Samhain on November 1st.
There's no doubt, however, that the Irish festival of Samhain has always been at the
end of summer on November 1st, and has been one of the prominent harvest festivals
for Celtic pagans from the past and the present.
As the beliefs and customs of different European ethnic groups meshed together a
distinctly American version of Halloween began to emerge. The first celebrations
included "play parties," public events held to celebrate the harvest, where neighbors
would share stories of the dead, tell each other's fortunes, dance, and sing. Colonial
Halloween festivities also featured the telling of ghost stories and mischief-making of
all kinds. By the middle of the nineteenth century, annual autumn festivities were
common, but Halloween was not yet celebrated everywhere in the country.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, America entered an age of mysticism.
What was more often termed spiritualism. Metaphysical groups and clubs began to
spring up throughout the Golden Age and the wealthier set of Americans. At the same
time, America was welcoming a new group of immigrants, especially the millions of
Irish fleeing Ireland's potato famine of 1846. This new cultural influence brought with
it a melding of Irish and English traditions, and a new Americans culture was born.
People began to dress up in costumes and go house to house asking for food or money,
a practice that eventually became today's "trick-or-treat" tradition. Young women
believed that, on Halloween, they could divine the name or appearance of their future
husband by doing tricks with yarn, apple parings, or mirrors.
In the late 1800s, there was a move in America to mold Halloween into a holiday more
about community and neighborly get-togethers, than about ghosts, pranks, and
witchcraft. At the turn of the century, Halloween parties for both children and adults
became the most common way to celebrate the day. Parties focused on games, foods of
the season, and festive costumes. Parents were encouraged by newspapers and
community leaders to take anything "frightening" or "grotesque" out of Halloween
celebrations. Because of their efforts, Halloween lost most of its superstitious and
religious overtones by the beginning of the twentieth century.
By the 1920s and 1930s, Halloween had become a secular, but community-centered
holiday, with parades and town-wide parties as the featured entertainment. Despite the
best efforts of many schools and communities, vandalism began to plague Halloween
celebrations in many communities during this time.
By the 1950s, town leaders had successfully limited vandalism and Halloween had
evolved into a holiday directed mainly at the young. Due to the high numbers of young
children during the fifties baby boom, parties moved from town civic centers into the
classroom or home, where they could be more easily accommodated.
Between 1920 and 1950, the centuries-old practice of trick-or-treating was also revived.
Trick-or-treating was a relatively inexpensive way for an entire community to share the
Halloween celebration. In theory, families could also prevent tricks being played on
them by providing the neighborhood children with small treats. A new American
tradition was born, and it has continued to grow.
By the 1990s, Americans have made Halloween one of the largest commercial holidays.
Spending an estimated $6.9 billion annually on Halloween costumes, accessories,
decorations and pumpkins.
Samhain Traditions
To pagans the world over, November 1st, still marks the beginning of the New Year. To
Witches and Pagans, Samhain is the Festival of the Dead, and for many, it is the most
important Sabbat (Holiday) of the year. Although the Feast of the Dead forms a major
part of most Pagan celebrations on this eve, and at Samhain voluntary communications
are expected and hoped for. The departed are never harassed, and their presence is
never commanded. The spirits of the dead are, however, ritually invited to attend the
Sabbat and to be present within the Circle.
Jack O'Lanterns:
There is some debate about the origination of Jack-o-lanterns. One line suggests this
custom originated from the lighting of candles for the dead to follow as they walked
the earth. These candles were placed in hallowed out gourds and put on the ground to
light the way.
Others suggest the practice originates from a Christianized Irish myth about a man
nicknamed "Stingy Jack."
Stingy Jack and the Devil enter a pub to have a drink. Jack convinces the Devil to turn
himself into a coin to pay for the drinks. But instead of using the coin, Jack slipped it
into his pocket and next to a silver cross. The cross prevented the Devil from changing
back into his original form. But Jack eventually freed the Devil, under the condition
that he would not bother Jack for one year. And if Jack should die during that year, the
Devil would not claim his soul. And the Devil agreed to these terms.
Jack again tricked the Devil. This time, the Devil climbed into a tree to pick a piece of
fruit. While he was up in the tree, Jack carved a sign of the cross into the tree's bark so
that the Devil could not come down. Once again, Jacked struck a bargain with the
Devil. He would free the Devil from the tree if he promised not to bother Jack for ten
more years. And if Jack died during those years, the Devil would not claim his soul.
And the Devil again agreed to these terms.
Not long after this, Jack did indeed died. But because of his trickery, God would not
allow him into heaven. In keeping his word not to take his soul, the Devil also would
not allow Jack into hell. Instead, the Devil sent Jack out into the darkness of the world
between worlds with nothing but a burning piece of coal. Jack placed the coal into a
carved out turnip and has been roaming the Earth ever since. The Irish began to refer to
Jack's ghostly figure as "Jack of the Lantern," and then, simply as "Jack O'Lantern."
The Irish and Scottish people began making lanterns by carving scary faces into
turnips or potatoes and placing them into windows or near doors to frighten away the
wandering evil spirits. In England, large beets were used. Immigrants from these
countries brought the tradition to America where they found the pumpkin, a fruit
native to America, that made the perfect jack o'lanterns.
Those who have tried to link Halloween to Samhain are also missing the boat. As
Halloween, All Hallows Eve are Christian created holidays devised by the early
Churches of Europe as a means to convert pagans to Christianity. The celebrations were
indeed taken from pagan practices, but their purposes have long since been corrupted
and are no longer pagan in nature. Right down to being practiced on October 31st.
Someone asked me if I cared that a nearby town was attempting to change Halloween
from October 31st to the last Friday of each October. My response is why should I
mind? Halloween is a Christian holiday, do with it what you will.
The modern celebrations of Halloween do not take away or alter the spiritual
significance of Samhain for pagan practitioners. Our Sabbat is still intact and still
honored with reverence and in the traditional methods practiced by our ancient pagan
ancestors. Though we don't make animal sacrifices any longer, there are some who
will toss a steak into a bonfire as a symbolic gesture. The main focus of the holiday for
pagans is still to honor our loved ones who have passed on and to share in
communication with them during this time when the veil between worlds is narrowed.
Credit- http://www.paganspath.com/magik/samhain-history.htm
NOW!
Back to the top of the Body is Aries the head. The great hard head of the
Ram,,,The headaches, nose, mouth teeth and the troubles of the kids with
their bumps and bruises. The eyes and the brain. The Head is always moving
upwards as the Ram does on the mountain.
.
Taurus is the neck (like the neck of the bull..Strong but needs respect. If
and accident should happen, and if healing is needed a collar is placed at
the neck that will rest on the shoulders for respect,help and support..)
Gemini the sign of the twin but attached as define in us as we have a Left
shoulder and a Right shoulder again attached to the body.
Gemini big chest, has the lungs ,the arms and the hands and fingers. Let's
not forget the HEART OF THE MATTER..AS WE THINK ABOUT the area of the heart
and the lungs. Never thinking of all the connection that is going on, we
do so much Abuse to the sign that we think about being the TWINS......and
then the Liver catches all that is deposited there from a life of so called
fun, Drinking, Drugs as well as foods, of all kinds..
Now lets go to the sign of Cancer, to start off with the sound of that Sign
might be trying to tell us if we continually succeed to put waste in our
body, if we do what we know we should not do it all just ends in the
emotions part of our body CALLED NERVERS... and that is what we know is our
Center, our digestive and emotional part of the body...So we might think
about what lands up in the Stomach parts of are self..Ruled by the Moon and
darkness
Then we have Leo and we are then really to the Heart of all matters the Sun
light of our life, IS BEATING TUNING the good sense of our life. Or feel
good, Our love of Life, the heart that want to keep on beating for us.
For example: Why do we have chiropractors? God, said because, "I did not
make a way to adjust your back with out one."
More later.( If you have any questions about your Heath and your Sign let me
know.
Nancy Anderson
Choose a time when you will be relaxed and uninterrupted. Unplug the
phone and choose a place where you can shut the door to ensure
privacy. Notice that I said privacy, not secrecy. Contacting your
spirit guides for assistance is your right as a spiritual being and
you can do so in private without censorship or interruption and
without explanation to others.
You can also write your intention to only connect with spirit guides
that are on a very high and loving frequency and will assist your
soul's growth, or you can simply state out loud that you intend to
work only with the highest vibration guides possible and block out all
lower frequencies from this exercise.
Once your intention is set, you can begin writing to your guides
immediately. State your questions one at a time.
The first question my students ask me is whether to use pen and paper
or a computer. Out of habit I used to say always use pen and paper
because it's more organic and bypasses the brain. But then I ran into
people like my husband, Patrick, who has terrible handwriting, which
stresses him to write, or my daughter, who has dyslexia, which
confuses her. They both find writing on a computer easier. Now I say
write by hand unless it causes you stress; if so, use a computer as
long as you can flow with it.
When writing to your guides by hand you have two options: either use
your dominant hand to write the question and your other hand to write
the answer, or mentally change channels and use your dominant hand for
both. Do what feels best; the key is to write quickly and get into
flow. Just know the guides will show up when asked and whichever
method you use is a matter of how you best give up control.
Your guides don't care. Of course, using a computer eliminates and conflict.
Once you've set your intention and started to write, introduce
yourself and ask for guidance in this way: "I am Sonia and I am asking
my spirit guides for assistance and support at this time."
Be polite and respectful and remember you are asking for guidance and
not turning your life over for the spirit world to run. Word your
questions appropriately, avoiding "should I" questions, but asking
"what guidance can you offer on this (fill in the blank) subject?"
Approach your guides gently. Don't bombard them with too many
questions at once. Stick to three or four at first and don't get hung
up on such requests as "who are you?" because guides often work in
groups in response to writing. I will address who your guides are in
following chapters. Just intend to summon the highest guides to
complete your writing exercise and leave it at that.
Keep your questions simple and direct. Your guides are intimately
connected to you and far more familiar with your struggles than you
know, so there is no need for details. For example, you might write:
"I am struggling with finding satisfying work. I feel blocked and
frustrated. What guidance can you offer about the nature of my blocks
and what steps to take to move forward."
The guides are smart. Trust them to know what you're seeking far
beyond your words.
After you write your question, put up your pen for a moment, open your
heart, and listen inward. Trust your body and relax. Then, holding the
pen loosely, begin writing again when you feel the urge. Don't think
about your hand being taken over. Your guides will gently nudge you to
write, although there were times when my guides were so enthusiastic
and I was so open that it felt like a great force had taken over. But
usually, at least in the beginning, the urge to write is subtle.
Subtle or not, you will feel an urge to write; when you do, begin.
The pumpkin is one of the best-known members of the squash family. From September
to November, they're all over the place - we see them carved into jack-o-lanterns,
painted, and practically invading every roadside stand in town. With Samhain growing
nearer, the pumpkin crop is at its peak, and there are all kinds of things you can do with
them. Everyone loves candles, so why not use a few small pumpkins to jazz up your
Sabbat decor?
The first thing you'll need is a baking-size pumpkin (you can use an acorn squash for
this project too). Here's a hint -- before you buy a pumpkin from the pumpkin patch,
check your grocery store's produce section.
Unless you already have candle-making equipment and paraffin wax, the other thing
you'll need to get is some soy wax chips. These are inexpensive, melt easily and safely in
your microwave, and burn cleaner than paraffin wax. If you already have paraffin, you
can use that for this project, but you'll need to melt it over a double burner instead. If
you want to add color or scent, you'll need some of that too.
Finally, you'll need a wick. You can either make your own by coating a string in wax, or
you can buy a pre-made wick at any craft or hobby store. The pre-made ones typically
have a small metal disc at the bottom for the base.
Assemble all your supplies, and cut the top off the pumpkin. Scoop out the goop inside
(you can save the seeds for roasting later) and scrape the interior clean. A melon-baller
actually works really well for this step.
Melt your wax -- again, if you use soy chips you can melt them in the microwave. Eight
cups of dry chips will give you about four cups of melted wax, which is just about
enough to fill a baking pumpkin or acorn squash. Before you pour the wax, secure the
wick to the bottom of the pumpkin's inside. It's okay if it flops over a little, because
we'll prop it up later when the wax is in place.
Once your wax is melted, add scent or color chips if you like. Stir before pouring. Fill
the pumpkin with wax up to the bottom edge of the opening. You'll probably have a
little bit left over -- don't throw it away, you'll need it later!
After you've poured the wax, if the wick seems to lean to one side or the other, place a
butter knife across the top of the pumpkin to hold up the wick and keep it from
flopping.
Once the wax has cooled, you may notice a small dip or indentation around the wick
where the wax has sunk. Use the leftover wax to fill this spot up. Trim the wick back so
it is no longer than 1/4" long.
When you burn your candle, be careful not to leave it unattended. If the inside of the
pumpkin begins to burn, put your candle out immediately. Use it on your altar or
around your house as part of your Samhain decorating.
> Look for the Moon's sign and phase, along with incense and color
correspondences, to help you maximize the potential of your
workings. There's also a handy list of Pagan holidays and festivals
around the world-allowing you to celebrate a new tradition nearly
every day of the year! Paperback, 384 pages.
BZ
* Take into account that great love and great achievements involve great risk.
* When you lose, don't lose the lesson.
* Follow the three R's:
- Respect for self.
- Respect for others.
- Responsibility for all of your actions.
* Remember that not getting what you want is sometimes a wonderful stroke of luck.
* Learn the rules so you know how to break them properly.
* Don't let a little dispute injure a great friendship.
* When you realize you've made a mistake, take immediate steps to correct it.
* Spend some time alone every day.
* Open your arms to change, but don't let go of your values.
* Remember that silence is sometimes the best answer.
* Live a good, honorable life. Then when you get older and think back, you'll be able
to enjoy it a second time.
* A loving atmosphere in your home is the foundation for your life.
* In disagreements with loved ones, deal only with the current situation. Don't bring
up the past.
* Remember that the best relationship is one in which your love for each other exceeds
your need for each other.
* Judge your success by what you had to give up in order to get it.
SAMHAIN
Posted by
BZ