International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 157

Volume 4 Issue 5, May 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

ADVANCE TECHNIQUES OF DISPERSION COMPENSATION IN WDM

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Amit Sharma, Ajay Kumar Yadav, Dr. Kshitij Shinghal
M.Tech, EC Department, Mewar University Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, INDIA
2
Asst.Professor, College of Engineering and Rural Technology Meerut INDIA
3
Professor, M.I.T. Muradabad

ABSTRACT
The most common type of channel used in
communication system is Optical Fiber. This has been
proved that optical fiber has the widest bandwidth in
comparison to any other media such as wireless, copper
wire, sonar, and even free-space-optics. Now days,
optical fibers are not only used in telecommunication
links but also used to achieve high signaling rates in the
internet and long haul networks. Optical fiber has the
core advantage of low loss, which offers long distances
between amplifiers and its high data carrying capacity as
that of thousands of electrical links would be required to
carry that much data. Also no cross talk introduces in
optical fibers running alongside each other for long
distances as introduces in some types of electrical
transmission lines. In optical fiber technology for long
distances, single-mode fiber is used because single-mode
fiber is specially designed for the transmission of a
single ray or mode of light as a carrier. Multi-mode fiber
is used for short distances.

I.

INTRODUCTION

In an optical communication system,

communication may be defined as the transfer of
information from one point to another point in form of
light signals. The information transfer in communication
system is generally achieved by superimposing or
modulating the information with a carrier which is either
an electromagnetic wave generally in analog
communication system and satellite communication
system. However, communication may also be achieved
using an electromagnetic carrier which is selected from
the optical range of frequencies. Optical fiber is the
medium and the technology in which information is
transferred as light pulses travel along a glass or plastic
wire or fiber. Optical fiber carries much more
information data with high security of information than
conventional copper wire. Now optical fiber applications
are compact, less-loss, immune to electromagnetic
interference, secure, non-corrosive, and almost unlimited
bandwidth. Maximum telephone company lines are now
of optical fiber. Over the past decades fiber has become
the better transporting channel of choice for voice,

video, and data, particularly for high-speed

communications. Optical communication systems have
been replacing electronic and RF techniques starting at
the most demanding capacity-constrained applications
and are steadily progressing towards more
implementation- constrained shorter-reach systems that
require dense integration, low power consumption, and
low cost [1].
Transmission losses at optical frequencies are
usually very small compared to baseband electronic or
RF technologies [2]. The typical loss per kilometer in a
single mode fiber is less than0.2dB at any bit rate,
making it possible to send signal over a much longer
distance (more than 100km) without the need for
repeaters or amplifiers [3]. On the contrary, the loss of
typical coaxial copper cable is around 40DB/km at 10100Mbps and grows linearly with bit rate. The optical
fiber has been proven the most preferred transmission
medium in secure systems worldwide, particularly
military applications. Optical fibers, glass or plastic, are
insulators. No electrical current can flow through optical
fiber, either owing to the transmitted signal or owing to
external radiation striking the fiber. In addition, the optic
wave within the fiber is trapped, so none leaks out
during transmission to interfere with signals in other
fibers. We conclude that a fiber is well protected from
interference and coupling with other communications
channels, whether they are electrical or optic [4].

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 158

Volume 4 Issue 5, May 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

III.

SIMULATION AND TESTING

Fig. 1: Optical fibers rays

Two types of rays can propagate along optical
fibers which are Meridional rays and skew rays. The
rays which pass through the axis of the optical fiber are
known as Meridional rays. Meridional rays show the
basic transmission properties of optical fibers. The
second type is called skew rays. The rays that travel
through an optical fiber without passing through its axis
are called skew rays. These rays, which generally
outnumber the meridional rays, follow a helical path
through the fiber [5].

II.

WAVELENGTH
MULTIPLEXING

DIVISION

In the past few years, the fast expansion of

optical communication networks has produced a
requirement to increase the transmission capacity of
these networks. This high transmission capacity of
signals in optical communication networks mainly
depends on a high-speed transmitter, a high-capacity
optical fiber, and a high-speed receiver. To increase the
ability to carry much data with high speed of such
networks, numerous techniques are utilized. One
technique[6] which is popular is wavelength division
multiplexing. Figure 2 schematically shows a simplified
WDM connection.[7-8]

Fig. 3: Simulation of 4x1 WDM network

Figure 3. shows the circuit diagram for simulation of
WDM optical fiber network. A laser is an electronicoptical device which is mainly used to emit coherent
light radiation. The word "laser" is a short form of Light
Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.[910]
A WDM system uses a 4x1MUX at the transmitter to
join the signals together and a 1x4 DMUX at
the receiver to split them apart. With the right type of
fiber it is possible to have a device that does both
simultaneously, and can function as an optical add-drop
multiplexer.[11]
Simulation for Compensation of Dispersion by using
EDFA

Fig.2

Fig. 4: Dispersion compensation using EDFA

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 159

Volume 4 Issue 5, May 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

IV.

modulation format and it is almost constant or increasing

with NRZ modulation format. For good communication
OSNR should not decrease after transmission of signal
through fiber so we use erbium doped fiber amplifier
(EDFA) in WDM environment for single mode fiber.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

Figure. 5: Graph showing Q factor of 4x1 wavelength

division multiplexing

Figure.6: Graph Showing Signal eye diagram using

Erbium Doped Fiber dispersion compensation

V.

CONCLUSION

This paper work presents a deep study and analysis on

dispersion, victimization completely different dispersion
compensation techniques in glass fibre WDM system,
for NRZ modulation format, fiber lengths, filters
victimization eye diagrams, EDFA electronic equipment
and optical spectrums. Simulation is completed
victimization OPTISYSTEM. It is an intuitive modeling
and simulation environment supporting the design and
the performance evaluation of the transmission level of
optical communication systemswhich is influenced by
the dispersion. For WDM network, graphs of optical
spectrum (before and after transmission) show that
performance parameter such as signal power, noise
power , Bit error rate (BER), Quality factor and optical
signal to noise ratio (OSNR) are poor with NRZ

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