Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

Chem 1B final review answer key

1. Which of the following cations is likely to be hydrated in compounds?
A) Rb+
B) NH4+
C) Ba2+
D) K+
B) The extra charge makes it more likely to be hydrated**********

E) Cs+

2. Which of the following has the highest boiling point?

A) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Br

D) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2F

B) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2I

E) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Cl

C) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
It is B because it is the heaviest out of all of them.
3. What are all the intermolecular forces that are responsible for the existence of ice?
A) Dipole-dipole and London forces

D) Dipole-dipole and ion-ion

B) London forces

E) Hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole

C) Dipole-dipole, London forces, and hydrogen bonding

4. The mass of a face-centered cubic unit cell is
A) Two times the mass of one atom.

D) Six times the mass of one atom.

B) Five times the mass of one atom.

E) Four times the mass of one atom.

C) Equal to the mass of one atom.

FCC&CCP= 4 atoms

BCC= 2

SCC=1

HCP=6

5. If an isolated system contained +5 kJ of energy, after 100 years U =

A) The answer is impossible to determine

D) 0 kJ.

B) Slightly less than +5 kJ.

C) +5 kJ.

E) 5 kJ.

Since isolated, no matter what happens there will still be 5 kJ of energy.

6. What type of process is the formation of solid magnesium chloride from a gas of its ions?
A) a state function

D) an exothermic process

B) an adiabatic process
C) an endothermic process

E) not enough information is given to permit an answer

Exothermic because magnesium chloride is being formed from magnesium and HCL
7. What is the standard enthalpy of formation of Br2(l)?

Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

A) a positive value.

D) a positive value if it is forming from ions or a solid.

B) a negative value.

E) a negative value if it is forming from ions or a solid.

C) zero.
Br2(l) is 0 because it is in its standard state at 25C and 1atm.
8. Rank the standard molar entropy of the following from lowest to highest.
1. H2O(l) 2. H2O(g) 3. H2O2(l) 4. H2O2(aq)
A) 4 < 1 < 3 < 2

B) 1 < 3 < 4 < 2

C) 3 < 1 < 4 < 2

D) 2 < 4 < 3 < 1

E) 1 < 3 < 2 < 4

The larger the molecule the more disorder it has which is why #1 is first and then #3 then #4 and last #2
because it is already in the gaseous form.
9. The experimental value of the molar entropy of 1 mol NO at 0 K is about 5 JK1. We can
conclude that in the crystal the molecules of NO are arranged randomly.
True (A) or false (B)?
Since entropy is positive that means that the atoms are arranged randomly.
10. Which of the following has the smallest molar entropy at 298 K?
A) Cl2(g)
B) N2(g)
C) He(g)
D) F2(g)
Larger molecule = higher entropy! Smaller molecule = lower entropy!

E) Ne(g)

11. Consider the reaction

Cl2(g) 2Cl(g)
Which of the following statement regarding this reaction is true?
A) The reaction is spontaneous at high temperatures.
B) The reaction is spontaneous at low temperatures.
C) The reaction is not spontaneous at any temperature.
D) The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.
Since breaking Cl2 bond, H is endothermic which is (+) and S is (+) so answer is A
12. The boiling point of water is higher in a pressure cooker than the normal boiling point?
True (A) or false (B)?
pressure increase = bp increase
13. The phase diagram for a certain pure compound is given below.

Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

All of the following compounds could have a similar phase diagram except
A) methanol

D) carbon tetrachloride

B) carbon dioxide

E) water

C) benzene
Water has negative slope whereas all others have a positive sloping line
14. The phase diagram for a certain pure substance is given below. The solid sublimes:

A) at 400 K and 200 atm.

D) at 300 K and 75 atm

B) at 200 K and 100 atm.

E) if warmed at any pressure below 50 atm.

C) at 300 K and 100 atm.

Sublime = solid gas.

.
15. An animal cell assumes its normal volume when it is placed in a solution with a total

Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

solute molarity of 0.3 M. If the cell is placed in a solution with a total solute molarity of
0.1 M,
A) water enters the cell, causing expansion.
B) water leaves the cell, causing contraction.
C) water inside the cell becomes isotopically enriched.
D) no movement of water takes place.
cell is now hyperosmotic. water rushes in to balance environment

16. With which of the following solutes can water most readily hydrogen bond?
A) ethanol, CH3CH2OH

B) carbon tetrachloride, CCl4

C) Br2

D) CS2

E) benzene C6H6

ethanol is the only polar

17. The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction
CuSO4(s) CuO(s) + SO3(g)
is K = [CuO(s)][SO3(g)]/[CuSO4(s)]. True (A) or false (B)?
False because you dont count solids. So its just K = SO3
18. For the reaction
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
which of the following disturbances will cause an increase in NO2(g) concentration?
A) a decrease in temperature
B) need to know H for the reaction to predict

D) an increase in pressure
E) an increase in temperature

C) removal of some N2O4(g)

Since you are breaking the N2O4 bonds to make 2NO2 bonds, increasing the temperature will allow for
the Keq to increase which will allow for the increase in NO2

19. Consider the reaction

Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

Ni(s) + 4CO(g) Ni(CO)4(g)
At 30C and Pressure CO = 1 atm, Ni reacts with CO(g) to form Ni(CO)4(g). At 200C,
Ni(CO)4(g) decomposes to Ni(s) and CO(g). This means
A) adding an inert gas like argon favors the forward reaction.
B) the activation energy for the forward reaction is greater than for the reverse reaction.
C) the forward reaction is endothermic.
D) K at 30C is greater than K at 200C.
E) a decrease in pressure favors the forward reaction.
Adding argon = no cange in reaction
Activation energy for reverse reaction is greater, since the second scenario introduced a higher
temperature (more energy) within the that reaction aka more energy was taken in for reverse reaction
Forward reaction is spontaneous

20. The molality of 2.50 M NaCl solution (density of solution = 1.08 g/mL) is
A) 1.53 m

D) 2.68 m

B) 0.68 m

E) Not enough information given to solve this problem

C) 1.68 m
molarity= mol solute/L soln
molality = mol solute/kg solvent
2.5mol NaCl/1L * 1L/1.08kg = 2.31mol NaCl/kg SOLUTION.
2.31mol NaCl * MMNacl 58.45g = 135.0195 g.
-> 135.0195 g NaCl / 1kg Solution
1kg sol - 135.0195 = 864.98g solvent
2.31mol NaCl / 0.86498 kg = 2.68
21. The atomic radius of magnesium is 160 pm. Estimate its density, given that the metal

Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

has a close-packed structure.
A) 1.74 gcm3

D) 4.45 gcm3

B) 0.435 gcm3

E) 2.78 gcm3

C) 10.5 gcm3
ccp = 4atoms/unit cell
d = m/v
m = 4*24.305g/mol /6.022E23
edge^3 = volume
edge = 2rad2 radius
(2rad2 * 160E-10cm)^3 = V
1.6144E-22 g / 9.268E-23 cm^3 = 1.74
22. A piece of a newly synthesized material of mass 25.0 g at 80.0C is placed in a
calorimeter containing 100.0 g of water at 20.0C. If the final temperature of the system
is 24.0C, what is the specific heat capacity of this material?
A) 0.30 Jg1(C)1

D) 4.76 Jg1(C)1

B) 7.46 Jg1(C)1

E) 0.84 Jg1(C)1

C) 1.19 Jg1(C)1
q = mc delt T

q=q

25 C (80-24) = 100 *4.186 * (24-20) =

1400c = 1674 C = 1.19 J/gc
23. Calculate the enthalpy change that occurs when 1.00 kg of acetone condenses at its
boiling point (329.4 K). The standard enthalpy of vaporization of acetone is
29.1 kJmol1.
A) 502 kJ

B) 29.1 kJ

condense = exothermic
acetone = CH3 2 CO = 58g

C) 2.91 104kJ

D) +502 kJ

E) +29.1 kJ

Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

1kg acetone / 58g/mol * 29.1 kj/mol= -502kj.
24. Given the standard reaction enthalpies below:
N2(g) + O2 2NO(g) H = +180.5 kJmol1
2NO2(g) N2(g) + 2O2(g) H = 66.4 kJmol1
calculate the standard reaction enthalpy for the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen
dioxide, shown below:
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)
A) +114.1 kJmol1

D) 294.6 kJmol1

B) +246.9 kJmol1

E) 246.9 kJmol1

C) 114.1 kJmol1
just add the two Hrxn = 180.5 + - 66.4 = 114.1kJ/mol

25. Calculate the standard entropy of condensation of chloroform at its boiling point, 335 K.
The standard molar enthalpy of vaporization of chloroform at its boiling point is 31.4
kJmol1.
A) 31.3 kJK1mol1

D) +31.4 kJK1mol1

B) +93.7 JK1mol1

E) +506 JK1mol1

C) 93.7 JK1mol1
S= -H/T S= (31400 j/mol) / (335K) = -93.7 J/mol k

26. Calculate Gr for the decomposition of mercury(II) oxide at 298 K.

2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g)

Hf, kJmol1
Sm, JK1mol1
A) 117.1 kJmol1

90.83
70.29

76.02

205.14
D) +117.1 kJmol1

Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

B) +246.2 kJmol1

E) 246.2 kJmol1

C) 64.5 kJmol1
G=H-TS

G= 181.66 298(216.6)

G = 181.66-64.54

G=117.1 kJ/mol

27. For the reaction

2C(s) + 2H2(g) C2H4(g)
Hr = +52.3 kJmol1 and Sr = 53.07 JK1mol1 at 298 K. This reaction will be spontaneous at
A) no temperature.

D) temperatures above 985 K.

B) all temperatures.

E) temperatures below 1015 K.

C) temperatures below 985 K.

Since H is (+) and S (-),G will not be spontaneous at any temperature.

28. Use the following information to determine the standard enthalpy of formation of NH3(g).
N-H bond enthalpy = 390 kJmol1
Hf(H(g)) = 217.9 kJmol1
Hf(N(g)) = 472.6 kJmol1
A) 44 kJmol1

D) 83 kJmol1

B) 691 kJmol1

E) 1170 kJmol1

C) 516 kJmol1

H= bonds broken bonds formed. H = ((217.9*3)+472.6) (3*390) H = 1126-1170 H = -44

29. Calculate the vapor pressure at 25C of a mixture of benzene and toluene in which the
mole fraction of benzene is 0.650. The vapor pressure at 25C of benzene is 94.6 Torr
and that of toluene is 29.1 Torr.
A) 84.4 Torr

B) 124 Torr

C) 51.3 Torr

D) 71.7 Torr

E) 61.5 Torr

Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

Pmix = Pbenzene +Ptoluene
Pbenzene = Xbenzene*VP benzene Pbenzene = .650*94.6 = 61.5 torr
Ptoluene = X toluene* VP toluene

Ptoluene = .350*29.1 = 10.185 torr

Pmix= 61.5+10.185 = 71.7 torr

30. The addition of 125 mg of caffeine to 100 g of cyclohexane lowered the freezing point
by 0.13 K. Calculate the molar mass of caffeine. The kf for cyclohexane is 20.1 Kkgmol1.
A) 47.8 gmol1

D) 19.3 gmol1

B) 481 gmol1

E) 193 gmol1

C) 96.5 gmol1
T= -Kf*m m= T/Km

m= .13K/ 20.1 K/m m= .00646 mol caffeine/ kg of cyclohexane

.00646 mol caffeine/ kg of cyclohexane*(1 kg/ 1000 g) = 6.46 X 10-6 mol caffeine/ g cyclohexane
6.46 X 10-6 mol caffeine/ g cyclohexane*(100g cyclohexane) = 6.46 x 10-4 mol caffeine
.125g caffeine/6.46 x 10-4 mol caffeine = 193 g/mol
31. Blood, sweat, and tears are about 0.15 M in sodium chloride. Estimate the osmotic
pressure of these solutions at 37C. The gas constant is 0.0821 Latmmol1K1.
A) 3.8 atm B) 11 atm C) 0.91 atm D) 1.8 atm E) 7.6 atm
=iMRT

=2*.15*.08206*310K

=7.6 atm

32. Consider the reaction

2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) 4Fe(s) + 3CO2(g), H = 462 kJ, S = 558 JK1
Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 525C.
A) 3.04 103

D) 1.9 106

B) 8.07 102

E) 2.18 102

C) 5.20 107
G=H-TS
G= -RTln(k)

G= 462 798(.558)

G=16.7 kj/mol

K=e^(G/-RT) K= 8.07 x 10-2

Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

33. Calculate the value of K at 700 K for the reaction

H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
given that Kc = 54 at the same temperature.
A) 3100

B) 2.2

Kp=Kc(RT) n

C) 54

D) 9.3

Kp = 54 (8.314*700)0

E) 1300

Kp=54

34. Given: C(s) + CO2(g) 2CO(g)

At equilibrium at a certain temperature, the partial pressures of CO(g) and CO2(g) are
1.44 atm and 0.820 atm, respectively. Calculate the value of KP for this reaction.
A) 2.53

B) 10.1

Kp= Pco2/Pco2

Kp= (1.44^2)/.820

C) 1.76

D) 3.08

E) 3.51

Kp= 2.53

35. Calculate the vapor pressure of ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH(l), at 298 K. The standard free
energies of formation of C2H5OH(l) and C2H5OH(g) are 174.8 and 168.6 kJmol1, respectively.
A) 0.082 atm
B) 0.92 atm
C) 0.0032 atm
D) 1.0 atm
E) Not enough information given to permit the calculation.
G= -168.6-(-174.8)
G= -RTLN(Kp)
(298)

G= 6.2
6.2 kJ/mol= -(.008314 kJ/mol)(298)(LnKp)

Kp=e^-6.2/(.008314 kJ/mol)

Kp= .082
One of the students said that the TA specified that when the equilibrium constant is just shown as K then
the K is usually meant to be associated with the constant that we want to know. Since we want to know
what Kp is, when we use the relationship between K and G, we assume that the K is equal to Kp and not
Kc like I had said at the review. So our answer would be .082 atm.

Joseph Fakhoury & Anh Nguyen

36. For the reaction
2CaSO4(s) 2CaO(s) + 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
K = 0.032 at 700 K. What is the total pressure starting from pure CaSO4(s)?
A) 0.22 bar

B) 0.011 bar

Kp = [so2]2* [O2]

C) 0.60 bar

.032 = [2x]2 * [x]

D) 0.20 bar

E) 0.40 bar

032 = 4x3 x3 = .008 bar

x = 0.20 bar to find total pressure need to add the pressures of SO2 and O2 so
.2 bar + 2(.2 bar) = 0.60 bar of pure CaSO4 (s)

37. Consider the following reaction at a certain temperature:

PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) Kc = 0.100
At equilibrium, [PCl5] = 2.00 M and [PCl3] = [Cl2] = 1.00 M. If suddenly 1.00 M
PCl5(g), PCl3(g), and Cl2(g) is added, what is the equilibrium concentration of PCl5(g)?
A) 0.65 M

B) 4.35 M

PCl5
I

C) 1.35 M

PCl3

-x

+x

3-x

2 +x

E) 2.35 M

Cl2

D) essentially zero

2
+x
2+x

(2+x)^2/(3-x)=0.1
X^2+4x+4=.3-.1x
X^2+4.1x+3.7=0
X=-1.34 & -2.75
pcl3 and cl2.
X=3-(-1.35)=4.35

-2.75 does not exist in this case because there is only 2 M of