, 2005

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551.583 (497.7) (047)
502.211 : 502.7 (497.7) (047)
626.87 (497.7) (047)

: /
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211.100 $
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..................................................................................................................................................................................vii

..............................................................................................................................................................................................1

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. ..............................................................................................................................................................1
. .......................................................................................................................................................................3
. .........................................................................................................................4
. ...................................................................................................................6
. ...............................................................................................................7
. .......................................................................................................................................9
. ........................................................................................................................................11
. ..............................................................................................................................................................................11
. ..............................................................................................................12
. ......................................................................................12
I.

.........................................................................................................................................................13
. ............................................................................................................................................................................................13
. .................................................................................................................................................................14
. NCSA ................................................................................................................................15

II. ..........................................................................................................................................17
. - .....................................................................................................................................17
.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................17
.2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................18
.3 ........................................................................................................................................................................................18
. ...................................................................................................................................................19
III. ..............................................................................................................................................................................21
. ............................................................................................................................................................21
.1 .....................................................................................................................................21
.2 ..........................................................................................................23
.3 .............................................................................................................25
.4 .....................................................................................................................................27
.5 .....................................................28
.6 ........................................................................................................................................30
. .....................................................................................................................................................................31
.1 ..............................................................................................................................................31
.2 .......................................................................................32
.3 .............................................................................................................................................................32
.4 ......................................................................................................................................33
.5 a ..............37

. .......................................................................................................................42
.1 ................................................................................................................................42
.2 ......................................................................45
.3 .......................................................................................................................................................................................46
.4 ........................................46
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..............................................................................................................................................53
. ......................................................................................53
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.3 NCSA .......................................................................................................75
V. ...............................................................................................................81
. ........................................................................................................................................81
.1 ............................................................................................................................................................................82
.2 ...............................................................................................................................................................83
. ..............................................................................................................................................................................83
. ..............................................................................................................85
. ......................................................................................86
D.1 NCSA ...............................................................................................................................87

1) .................................................................................................19
2) ................................................................19
3) IUCN ............................................................................23
4)
.........................................................................................................................................44
5) ........................................................................................................................54
6) .....................................................................................................................................................................84
1) ........................................................................................................................................17
2) .................................31
3) .........................................................................................................................................88

vi


CDI

(Capacidy Development Initiative)

CDM

(Clean Development Mechanism)

CHP

(Combined Heat Power)

CITES

(Convention on International Trade with Endangered Species)

COP

(Conference of Parties)

EE

FNC

(First National Communication to the UNFCCC)

IEA

(International Energy Agency)

IPCC

(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Changes)

IPPC

(Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

IUCN

(International Union for Conservation of

Nature)

MACEF

(Macedonian Center on Energy Eciency)

NCSP

PEREEA

SNC

(Second National Communication to the UNFCCC)

UNCBD

(UN Convention on Biodiversity)

UNCCD

(UN Convention on Combating

Desertication)

UNFCCC

(UN Framework Convention on

Climate Change)

UNIDO

(United Nations Industrial Development

Organization)

(Biodiversity Strategy and

Action Plan)

(Global Environment Facility)

(European Bank for Investments)

(European Bank for Reconstruction and

Development)

ECT

vii

viii

- (Instrument for Structural

Policies for Pre-Accession)

()

()

() ,
(Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilization - CARDS)

(Millennium Development Goals)

NCSA

(National Capacity Self Assessment)

eo (EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment)

(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)

(Renewable Energy Sources)

(World Bank)

(Strategic Environmental Policy

Assessment)

(World Health Organization - WHO)

(Technology Needs Assessment)

(UN Development Programme)

(UN Environment Progamme)

, (United Nations Educational

Scientic and Cultural Organization)

(EU assistance programme PHARE)

CH4

CO

CO2

CO2 - eq

N2O

SO2

ix

A.
(NCSA ) 2003 2005 .


(UN CBD), (UN FCCC) (UN CCD). NCSA


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18

II.
683,7 mm . 1.197 mm
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.
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19

III.

A.

1997 2 1998 .

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, ,
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.

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21


, - , (IUCN , , CORINE ), ( ), (EN) , ().
IUCN 1997 (Walter Gillet, 1998) 70 , 18 .

A.1.2
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.

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22

III.
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( . 67/2004). ,
( 2005 ). (I ),
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23


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24

III.
( ),
.

A.2.2
, CITES
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, , ( , ),
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, . , .

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( GTZ);
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25


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( - , ; - ).

26

III.

A.4
,

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, .

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1. in-situ
,
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27

15. ,

16.
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; , ;
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, 2004 , /
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.
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28

III.
4. , , ;
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) ;
6.
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30

III.
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66%, CH4 N2O 25% 9%, .
2.

31

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()

(FNC), ,
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2000-2020-2030 .

.

, . ,
( 30%).
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CO2 , 2010 2020 , , : ,
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32

III.
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33


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34

III.
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2005 ,
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35


(ECT)
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36

III.
.
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38

III.
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40

III.
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42

III.
.1.2
106 ( ).
163.693 ha , 40,9%
. ,
34.696 ha 1999 .
2004 ,
(, , , ),
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44

4.

III.
, . 55% .
(95% ) .
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45


.2.2
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.
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