Airy Shaw 1963 Notes On Malaysian and Other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae

Notes on Malaysian and Other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae
Author(s): H. K. Airy Shaw

Source: Kew Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 3 (1963), pp. 341-372
Published by: Springer on behalf of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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Kew Bulletin
FORMERLY THE 6' BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
PUBLISHED FOR THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW
Volume 16, No. 3

Notes on Malaysian and other Asiatic
Euphorbiaceae*
H. K. AIRY SHAW
CONTENTS Page
XX. Baccaurea minor in Billiton and Borneo .. .. 342
XXI. Prosorus indicus in Borneo and other regions .. 342
XXII. Limestone association of Phyllanthodendron minutiJforum 343
XXIII. Further collection of Sauropus micrasterias .. .. 344
XXIV. Further collection of Choriceras tricorne .. .. 344
XXV. Croton cascarilloides in Borneo and Sumatra .. 344
XXVI. Further Siamese collections of Chondrostylis kunstleri 345
XXVII. Rediscovery of Annesijoa Pax & K. Hoffm. in New
Guinea .. .. .. .. . . 345
XXVIII. The fruit of Deutzianthus Gagnepain .. .. 346

XXIX. Further notes on Ptychopyxis Miq. .. .. 347
XXX. An unexpected synonym in Blumeodendron (Muell.

Arg.) Kurz .. .. .. .. 348
XXXI. Limestone association of Mallotus wrayi .. .. 349
XXXII. Coccoceras Miquel reduced to Mallotus Lour. . 349

XXXIII. A misplaced Burmese Mallotus .. .. . . 352
XXXIV. New records for W4etria macrophylla .. .. 353
XXXV. Further notes on Cephalomappa Baillon .. .. 353

XXXVI. Second thoughts on Koilodepas Hasskarl .. .. 354
XXXVII. Epiprinus Griffith in Siam .. .. .. 356
XXXVIII. A second species of Spathiostemon Bl. .. . . 357
XXXIX. Lasiococca Hook. f. in Hainan .. . . .. 358
XL. Borneodendron Airy Shaw, a remarkable new genus and
species from North Borneo .. . . .. 358
XLI. An overlooked Ostodes from south India .. .. 362
XLII. Cheilosa Blume in Borneo .. .. . . 364
XLIII. A new genus, probably of Sumatran origin .. 365

XLIV. An unexpected synonym in Gelonium Roxb. .. 367
XLV. A synopsis of the genus Neoscortechinia Pax & K. Hoffm. 368
XLVI. Elateriospermum Blume in Siam .. .. . . 37

XLVII. Glyphostylus Gagnepain in Siam .. .. .. 372
XLVIII. The genus Stillingia Garden in E. Malaysia .- 372
* Continued from Kew Bull. 14: 475 (1960). The 'P. & H.' numbers under each heading
correspond to the generic numbers in Pax & Hoffmann's account of the Euphorbiaceae in
Engl. & Harms, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, I9c (1931).
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XX. BACCAUREA MINOR IN BILLITON AND BORNEO
(P. & H. 14)
Baccaurea minor Hook.f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 370 (1887); Pax &
K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. I47. xv: 64 (1922); Ridl., Fl. Mal.
Penins. 3: 245 (1924).
Aporosa billitonensis Pax & K. Hoffm., 1.c.: 97 (I922), synon. nov.
MALAY PENINSULA. Perak; Singapore; see Ridley, 1.c.
BILLITON. Sine loc. exact. (? Tandjong Pandan), I9I , Van Rossum 28:
'petilean n. ind.' (fruiting; type of Aporosa billitonensis Pax & K. Hoffm.).
NORTH BORNEO. Tawau distr.: Mile 12, Apas Road, secondary forest on
hillside in undulating country, sandstone soil, alt.-?, 12 May 1960, D.

Brand SAN 21471:-'Tree, height 25 ft., girth 8 ins.; inflorescence green;
bark flaky; outer bark corky, I mm.; cork cambium white; inner bark red,
soft, 2 mm.; sapwood brown.'
It is very strange that Pax & Hoffmann described this plant as an Aporosa,
since the label of the isotype preserved in the Kew Herbarium bears the
correct generic determination 'Baccaurea', evidently written at Bogor before
distribution; and the elongate infructescence could scarcely be that of an
Aporosa.
Baccaurea minor Hook. f., belonging to the comparatively small section

Calyptroin (Miq.) Muell. Arg., is a very local species in the Malay Peninsula,
being so far known only from Perak and Singapore, though it must surely
occur elsewhere in the Federation. Its occurrence in the islands of Billiton
and Borneo is therefore of some interest. The specimens are an excellent

match of the Malay material.
XXI. PROSORUS INDICUS IN BORNEO AND OTHER REGIONS
(P. & H. 29, Sect. XII, p.p.)

Prosorus indicus Dalz. in Hook., Journ. Bot. 4: 346 (1852); Haines, Bot.
Bihar & Orissa 2: 127 (1921); Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 2 (7): 1293-4
(1925); Worthington, Ceylon Trees: 372 (1959). (Type from W. Penins.
India.)
Phyllanthus indicus (Dalz.) Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 32: 52 (1863) et in DC.,
Prodr. 15 (2): 417 (I866); Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 305 (1887);
J. J. Sm. in Koord. & Val., Bijdr. No. 12 Booms. Java (Meded. Dep.
Landb. io): 84 (1910); Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. P1. 2: 392 (1923);
Kanehira, Formosan Trees (rev. ed.): 355, fig. 311 (1936).

Calococcus sundaicus Kurz apud Teijsm. & Binnend. in Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.
Ind. 27: 48 (1864). (Type from Karimon-java Is.).
Ph. sundaicus (Kurz) Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15 (2): 1272 (1866).
Sauropus sp., Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 26: 420 (1894).
INDIA AND CEYLON: see Hook. f., 1.c.
BURMA. Bassein distr.: Chaungtha I., 13 April 19o6, Lace 3034.

CHINA. Kwangtung: sine loc. exact., Aug. 1887, C. Ford 166.
FORMOSA: see Kanehira, 1.c.
PHILIPPINES: see Merrill, 1.c.
BORNEO. Sarawak: Bau Distr., I9th mile Bau, alt. 45 m., in primary
NOTES ON MALAYSIAN AND OTHER ASIATIC EUPHORBIACEAE 343
forest on limestone rocks, 26 June 1960, J. A. R. Anderson 12740 :-'Small tree
9 ins. girth'. East Indonesian Borneo: E. Kutei (Sangkulirang subdiv.),
Sungei Susuk region, bottom land, on loam soil containing limestone, alt.
I o m., 26 June 195 I1, Kostermans 5455 :-'Tree 20o m., bole I o m., diam. 30 cm.;
bark rather smooth, I mm. thick; living bark pale brown, 5 mm.; wood pale
reddish; fruit green'.
KANGEAN Is. Gunong Eteng, alt. 220 m., I Apr. 1919, Backer 27877.
Vernacular name: kold kold mati.
JAVA AND KARIMON-JAVA IS.: see J. J. Smith, 1.c.
The above records from Borneo help to fill the gap in the distribution of
this scattered species between the Philippines and Java, but it has yet to be
found, apparently, in Siam, Indo-China and the Malay Peninsula. J. J.

Smith states (1.c. 86) that it is usually a very scarce tree in Java, Kanehira
(1.c.) says the same for Formosa, and it is evidently so in Borneo also. It is
to be noted that in both the Bornean localities the tree was growing on a
limestone soil, and Dr. van Steenis informs me that the Kangean Islands,
which geologically are a continuation of Madura, also consist mainly of
limestone. In Java, however, J. J. Smith states (I.c.) that P. indicus occurs on
clay soils. The above records from Burma, China and the Kangean Is.
appear to be unpublished.
In the vast and polymorphic Phyllanthus circle of affinity, Prosorus seems to
represent a distinct and easily recognisable entity, and I am therefore
(following Haines and Gamble) retaining it on practical grounds. The
arborescent habit, the rough, densely lenticellate bark, the often large,
membranous, deciduous leaves, the rather large, globose capsules with
thinly crustaceous pericarp, borne in fascicles on long, slender pedicels, and
the brilliant metallic-blue seeds, are very characteristic. I doubt there being
any very significant connection with Cicca, another equally distinct group
with which Prosorus is sometimes associated.
In addition to P. cyanospermus (Gaertn.) Thw., endemic in Ceylon, the

genus contains the following species from the Philippines:
Prosorus luzoniensis (Merr.) Airy Shaw, comb. nov.

Phyllanthus luzoniensis Merr. in Philipp. Journ. Sci., C. Bot., 7: 404 (1912),
et Enum. Philipp. Fl. P1. 2: 393 (1923).

PHILIPPINES. Luzon: see Merrill, ll.cc.
Readily distinguished from P. indicus by its smaller leaves and fruits.
XXIIH. LIMESTONE ASSOCIATION OF PHYLLANTHODENDRON

MINUTIFLORUM
(P. & H. 29, Sect. XVIII)

In my earlier note, when referring to Phyllanthodendron (Sect. Arachnodes)
minutiflorum (Ridl.) Airy Shaw (Ph. coriaceum Gage) as apparently 'associated
with limestone rocks in the northern and central parts of the Malay Penin-
sula' (Kew Bull. I4: 471 (I960)), I overlooked the reference to this species by
Henderson in his interesting paper on 'The Flora of the Limestone Hills of
the Malay Peninsula' (Journ. Mal. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 17: 13-87, tt. III-
XII (1939): see p. 71).
344
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XXIII. FURTHER COLLECTION OF SAUROPUS MICRASTERIAS

(P. & H. 43)
Sauropus micrasterias Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 354 (1961).
Additional material:
SARAWAK. Kuching distr.: Tiang Bekap, Padawan Road, in dense shade

at base of limestone hill, alt. 60 m., 4 March I960, J. A. R. Anderson 12348:'Shrublet, 3 ft. high.'
XXIV. FURTHER COLLECTION OF CHORICERAS TRICORNE

(P. & H. 53/a)
Choriceras tricorne (Benth.) Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 356 (I96I).
Dissiliaria tricornis Benth., Fl. Austr. 6: 91 (1873).
Choriceras australiana [sic] Baill., Adans. I I : 119 (1873).
PAPUA. Dagwa, Oriomo River, Western Division, solitary plant on an

open grass slope, alt. 40 m., Feb.-March 1934, Brass 5943: 'Shrub I m. high
with pale leaves and dense fascicles of small yellowish flowers.'
XXV. CROTON CASCARILLOIDES IN BORNEO AND SUMATRA

(P. & H. 66)
Croton cascarilloides Raeusch., Nomencl., ed. 3: 280 (1797); Merr. in
Lingnan Sci. Journ. 13(1): 6o (I934) et in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s.
24, 1: 234 (1935), q.v.
C. cumingii Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34: IOI (1865) et in DC., Prodr. 15(2):
566 (1866); Forbes & Hemsl., Enum. P1. China, etc., in Journ. Linn.
Soc. 26: 434 (1894); Craib in Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 1911: 463 (1911 ) et
Aberdeen Univ. Stud. 57: 190 (I912); Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. P1. 2:
426 (1923); Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 261 (i924); Gagnep. in Lecomte,
Fl. G6n. Indoch. 5: 264 (1925); Henderson in Journ. Mal. Br. Roy. As.
Soc. 17: 30, 70 (1939).
Additional material and extension of range:
BORNEO. British North Borneo, without exact locality, May-Aug. I918,
D. D. Wood 628.
SUMATRA. West Coast: Panti, Nature Reserve, primary forest, 200 m. alt.,
12 June 1953, van Borssum Waalkes I770o:-'Sprouting stump'.
This distinctive species is now well known from the Liu Kiu Islands,
Formosa, the Philippines, Hainan, Indo-China, Siam, and the Malay
Peninsula. It is also recorded by Merrill (ll.cc. supra) from Borneo, but is

not listed by him in his 'Bibliographical Enumeration of Bornean Plants'
(Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 1921, Spec. No.). The above are the only
specimens from Borneo and Sumatra that I have seen. According to Henderson (1.c. supra), it is a limestone-loving plant in the Malay Peninsula.
XXVI. FURTHER SIAMESE COLLECTIONS OF

CHONDROSTYLIS KUNSTLERI
(P. & H. 85/a)

Chondrostylis kunstleri (King ex Hook.f.) Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 359
(196o).
Mallotus? kunstleri King ex Hook. f., in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 443 (1887).
SIAM. Pattani: Banang Sta, evergreen forest, c. 300 m., 31 July 1923,
Kerr 7424:-'Tree about 8 m. high' (S' fl.) ; Betong, evergreen forest, c. 300oom.,
31 July 1923, Kerr 7424A :-'Tree about 6 m. high' (fr.); ibid., evergreen
forest, c. 400 m., I Aug. "1923, Kerr 7424B:-'Tree c. 8 m. high; flowers white'
(6 ff.).
Already recorded from Banang Sta, on the basis of Kiah 24314, in my

previous note, but Kerr's collections were made 7 years earlier than Kiah's.
In Kew Bull. 14: 361 (I96o) I commented on Ridley's supposed '3'
Malayan species of Kunstlerodendron (= Chondrostylis), saying that I had no
idea what his third species was, and suggesting that '3' was probably a slip
for '2'.
In looking through the Malayan material of the genus Richeriella Pax &
K. Hoffm. preserved in the Kew Herbarium, I find that Ridley has annotated
three specimens of R. malayana Hend.-Burkill 1029, 6281, and 1356 I-as

'Kunstlerodendron sp.' (Cf. also Henderson in Gard. Bull. Str. Settlem. 7: 125
(1933).) This probably accounts for Ridley's third species. There is, in fact,
a slight resemblance between the two genera in the branching of the 6
inflorescence, although of course the leaves are entirely dissimilar.
XXVII. REDISCOVERY OF ANNESIJOA PAX & K. HOFFM.

IN NEW GUINEA
(P. & H. 95)
Annesijoa novoguineensis Pax & K. Hoffin. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. I47.

xiv (Euph.-Addit. vi): 9 (19I9), et in Engl. & Harms, Pflanzenfam., ed. 2,
19c: 1OI (1931).

NEW GUINEA. Eastern Highlands Distr.: Kassam, alt. 1370 m., one
example in Castanopsis-oak forest, 31 Oct. 1959, Brass 32333:-'Minor canopy
tree 25 m. tall X o.4o m. diameter; monoecious; young leaves red; flowers

white, produced in great abundance and the males predominating.' Ibid.,
alt. 1370 m., common in one small area in Castanopsis-oak forest, 4 Nov.
1959, Brass 32407:-'Minor canopy tree up to c. 25 0 -4 m.; sap mucilaginous; leaves 3-, occasionally 4-5-foliate; flowers white, produced in great
abundance; young leaves reddish brown; fruits not seen.'
It was with great interest and satisfaction that I caught the first glimpse
of these beautifully collected specimens of this long-lost tree. Described from
a specimen (Ledermann Io873) collected on the Kaiserin Augusta (Sepik)

River Expedition in March I912, 'in dense primary forest with little undergrowth', at a considerably lower altitude (i 50-200 m.) than Brass's collec-
346
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tions (and this type-specimen having presumably been destroyed in Berlin),
the species has remained unrepresented by herbarium material until its

fortunate rediscovery by the Sixth Archbold Expedition in 1959. The new
locality (Kassam) lies some 250 miles [400 km.] to the south-east of Malu, on
the Sepik River, where the type was collected.

In their original description of Annesijoa, Pax & K. Hoffmann remarked:
'Genus valde affine est Joannesiae et melius notum forte cum illo conjungendum.' Whilst the general affinity with Joannesia is undeniable, the
relationship is by no means so close as this would suggest. The two genera
share the unusual character of 3-5-foliolate leaves, but the inflorescences of

Annesijoa lack the large conspicuous bracts and fine grey pubescence of the
other, and are more reminiscent of species of Vernicia, Aleurites, Elateriospermum or Tapoides. (The leaves are sometimes 3-5-lobed in the two first
mentioned genera also.) There is, I think, no question of reducing Annesijoa

to Joannesia; they are abundantly distinct.
Certain discrepancies may, however, be noted between the recently

collected material and the original description. The leaflets are described as
'oblonga', 'membranacea, nitida', 'integra, ad basin petioluli eglandulosa'.
In Brass' material they are elliptic or occasionally oblong-elliptic, not very
shining, and sometimes minutely but distinctly denticulate toward the base;
whilst at the apex of the petiole in the younger leaves two conspicuous
oblong or ovate glandular or stipellar structures are present. These 'glands'
are deciduous, leaving two conspicuous transverse callous scars. The calyx
is described as 'late campanulatus, truncatus, brevissime 5-dentatus;
lobi late triangulares,' but in Brass's specimens the calyx is very distinctly
5-lobed, the lobes being in turn often emarginate, so that the calyx may
sometimes give the impression of being almost Io-lobulate. The lobes are
quite short, and the lobules rounded; the lobes could perhaps be described
as 'obreniform'. The petals are given as 'ad 5 mm. longa'. In the new
material they are up to 12 mm. long.
These points suggest the possibility that two distinct species, or at least
local races, may be represented; on the other hand they could be due, in the
case of the type, either to imperfectly preserved material or to faulty
observation or hasty description. Until fresh gatherings can be made in the
region of the type-locality on the Sepik River, it seems best to defer the
establishment of a separate taxon. It is hoped in due course to prepare a
drawing for Hooker's 'Icones Plantarum'.
XXVIII. THE FRUIT OF DEUTZIANTHUS GAGNEPAIN
(P. & H. 95/a)
Deutzianthus tonkinensis Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 139

(1924); Wu in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6 (2): 245 (I957), cum descr. fruct.;
Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. I4: 362-3 (196o).
N. ANNAM. Prov. Thanh-hoa: Phong-y, 15 July 1920, Poilane 1631;
LA Hin, 5 Aug. 1920, Poilane 1730 :-'Arbre de 5 m. de haut. Bien en fruits.

Feuilles ovales presque rondes. Pddoncule trbs long, donne des grappes de
fruits terminales et ressemble & des p&ches. Chaque fruit posshde 3 amandes;
les Muong disent ne pas les utiliser. Pourtant ils sont gros et je crois que
l'on pourrait en extraire de l'huile. Les tiges sont modlleuses; elles secr tent
quand on les sectionnent un liquide siropeux jaune carotte qui parait
siccatif. Il ferait peut-etre bien un beau vernis. Ce liquide itendu sur la

plante seche rapidement, la rend luisante et rigide. On peut lui imprimer des
plis tr s petits sans que le couche de save (verni) ne garde trace. Il parait tres
tenant. Cet arbre serait interessant a etudier. R.T.
'Atteint 12 m. de haut et o04o a 0o50 m. de diam. Bois jaune tendre, Iger,

attaqu6 par les termites, pourrit assez vite en terre mauvais, peut- tre
malgr6 cela employd pour des travaux non en contact avec le sol il y en a
peu. Il se rencontre dans les montagnes. Il donne de tres nombreux fruits qui
font ployer les branches. Les petits poils qui sont sur les fruits sont ....
et se plantent dans la peau et sont assez ennuyeux. L'6corce du tronc est
je crois rouge "a section fraiche et sicrete moins que les petits branches et
insuffisamment pour etre exploiti probablement.
'L'arbre sur lequel j'ai fait les premieres remarques itait dans un
endroit difficilement accessible; aussi je n'ai observe que les rameaux que
l'on m'a rapport6; ils sicretaient abondamment. Plus loin ayant remontri
un autre arbre de la mfme essence j'incirais le tronc, mais la sicrition itait
alors peu abondante et je crois insuffisante.'
Venacular name (Muong): co po.
The above two specimens appear to be those quoted by Gagnepain (in
Lecomte, Fl. G6n. Indoch. 5: 294 (1925)) under Aleuritesfordii Hemsl.; see
the localities and the native name. But the truncate leaf-bases, cuneately
narrowed into the petiole, the somewhat different venation, and the densely
sericeous fruit, speak against this identification. They agree closely (so far
as they go) with Deutzianthus tonkinensis, and I believe this to be the correct
identification. Poilane's localities are military posts on the Song Ma River,

only 50 miles [8o km.] or so to the south of Mt. Bavi, in S. Tonkin, the
type locality of D. tonkinensis.
My reference to the fruit of this genus in my previous note (1.c. 363) was
made in ignorance of C. T. Wu's recent description of the fruit, in the place
cited above. The fruit is there stated to attain a diameter of 4 cm., and to be
'grey hispidulous-tomentellous' externally. Poilane in his field note compares
its appearance to that of peaches. The immature and imperfect fruit accom-
panying the Kew specimen appears to be developing only one seed. The
exocarp is densely and subadpressedly grey-fulvous-sericeous; the persistent

lobes of the disk, and the scars of the calyx and sepals, are conspicuous at the
base.
XXIX. FURTHER NOTES ON PTYCHOPYXIS MIQ.*

(P. & H. 105-107)
6. Ptychopyxis arborea (Merr.) Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 369 (1960).
Mallotus arboreus Merr. in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 159 (1929).
NORTH BORNEO. Sandakan Distr.: Leila Forest Reserve, near S. boundary

below Bukit Makara trig. point, Sandakan, 195 m. alt., 14 May 1954, G. H. S.
Wood SAN A 3479 (Herb. Lugd.-Bat.):--'Tree, height 70 ft.'
* See Kew Bull. i4' 365-374 (I960).
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In its leaves drying brownish on both surfaces, and its rather large S
flowers, this specimen almost bridges the gap between Pt. arborea and
Pt. kingii Ridl.
8. Pt. javanica (J.J.Sm.) Croiz. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 49 (1942); Airy
Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 371 (1960).
SIAM. Nakawn Sritamarat: Klawng Hin Kao, Patalung, c. 200oo m., 18

April 1928, Kerr 15293:-'Branch picked up in evergreen forest.'
This represents only a slight northward extension of the known range, the
species being already recorded from Kedah.
9. Pt. bacciformis Croiz. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 49 (1942); Airy Shaw
n Kew Bull. 14: 371 (I960).
Pt. poilanei Croiz., 1.c.: 50; Airy Shaw, 1.c.: 372; synon. nov.
INDOCHINA. ANNAM: For&t 700 m. alt., sol argilo-rocheux, versant sud-est
du massif de la Mere et l'Enfant, nord de Ninh-hoa, pr. Nhatrang, 16.vi.

1923, Poilane 6398 (Herb. Paris) :-'Arbre de 18 " 20 m. de h. et de 2 m. de
circ. Fleurs non icloses. Arbre d'un port 6lev6; bois dur, blanc, non attaqui
par les termites, bon bois pour tous travaux. On le rencontre en montagne
seulement.' Vernacular name (Moi): co so.
Examination of an isotype of Pt. poilanei convinces me that this species
must be reduced to Pt. bacciformis. In his original description of poilanei,
Croizat spoke of the leaves with 'glandulis ad basim laminae 2-4 lente
cautissime inquirendis', which led me to think that this plant might be con-
specific with Pt. philippina Croiz. In the material before me, however, the
glands-if they are indeed such-are extremely few and inconspicuous, and
more often altogether wanting; very different from the condition found in
philippina, in which flat glandular structures are conspicuous and constantly
present. The texture of the leaves of poilanei is also exactly similar to that of
bacciformis, whilst those of philippina are distinctly more coriaceous.
XXX. AN UNEXPECTED SYNONYM IN BLUMEODENDRON
(MUELL. ARG.) KURZ

(P. & H. I I o)
In Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 55: 273-294 (I918), Ernst Gilg published an
account of the then known Flacourtiaceae of New Guinea, based largely upon
the rich materials obtained by German collectors such as Ledermann,

Lauterbach, Schlechter, etc. By a strange coincidence, two species published
on one page (p. 283) and very adequately illustrated (pp. 281, 285) turn out
to be misplaced Euphorbiaceae. Although Gilg expressed misgivings over the
generic position of both plants, he apparently had none as to the family.
The second of the two species, Bennettia papuana Gilg, based upon Ledermann 8945, is represented at Kew by an isotype, and is quite evidently a
species ofBlumeodendron (Muell. Arg.) Kurz. It is, in fact, the plant currently
known as B. papuanum Pax & K. Hoffm. This species was based on four other
gatherings of the same collector: Ledermann 8898, 9012, 9096 and 9517, all
being represented by duplicates at Kew. The five collections form a very
homogeneous entity. No name-change is thus involved on nomenclatural

grounds, but I think it probable that Blumeodendron papuanum may not be
specifically distinguishable from B. tokbrai (Bl.) J. J. Sm. The following
synonymy, however, assumes for the present the distinctness of the two
species. Sleumer's reference of the New Guinea plant to Pimeleodendron was
possibly a slip for Blumeodendron.
Gilg's other misplaced species is dealt with below, p. 367.
Blumeodendron papuanum Pax & K. Hqffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV.

147. xiv (Euphorb. Addit. vi): 14 (1919) et in Engl. & Harms, Nat.
Pflanzenf., ed. 2, I9c: 107 (I931).
Bennettia papuana Gilg in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 55: 283, 285, fig. 6 (1918) et in
Engl., Pflanzenf. ed. 2, 21: 443, fig. 205 (1925); synon. nov.
Bennettiodendron papuanum (Gilg) Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 8: 10 (1927).
[Pimeleodendron papuanum sensu Sleumer in Fl. Males., ser. I, 5(I): 65

(1954) (an sphalm. ?), non Warb.]
XXXI. LIMESTONE ASSOCIATION OF MALLOTUS WRAYI
(P. &. H. 125)

Mallotus wrayi King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 433 (1887); Henderson in
Journ. Mal. Br. Roy. As. Soc. I7: 71 (1939); Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14:
361 (196o).
Mallotus caudatus Merr. in Philipp. Journ. Sci. 13, Bot.: 83 (1918), et in
Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 1921, Spec. No.: 338 (1921); synon. nov.
Kunstlerodendron cuspidata Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 287 (1924).
Henderson, 1.c., lists this species as one of the plants of the limestone hills
of the Malay Peninsula. It appears to be an abundant species in North
Borneo, where it has long been known under the name M. caudatus Merr.
XXXII. COCCOCERAS MIQUEL REDUCED TO MALLOTUS

LOUR.
(P. & H. 126)

The small genus Coccoceras Miq., as currently recognised, comprises
apparently four species: C. plicatum Muell. Arg. (Burma); C. muticum Muell.
Arg. (C. bornefnse J. J. Sm.) (Malay Peninsula, Borneo, ?Sumatra); C.
sumatranum Miq. (Sumatra and Borneo; type species); and C. anisopodum
Gagnep. (Indochina and Siam).
With the exception of C. plicatunm, of which the fruits are not yet known,
the species are readily distinguished by their fruiting characters, but it does
not yet seem possible to indicate reliable specific distinctions in any other
parts of the plants.
C. plicatum appears to be recognisable by the usually stronger crenulation
of the leaves, and by the tendency of the ovary or very young fruit to be
thrown into transverse folds, at least upon drying. It is to this latter character
that it owes its specific epithet. It is the only Coccoceras so far known from
Burma. Unfortunately the mature fruit appears to be still unknown.
350
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C. sumatranum seems to be rare. The fruit, in the relatively small size of the
'body' and the three greatly elongated, narrow, straight, spreading, acute
wings, is very characteristic. The leaves are often narrower and more oblong
than those of the other species, with prominent tertiary nervation, but this
seems to be an uncertain character.
C. anisopodum has also a very characteristic fruit: it is sharply trigonous-
pyriform, or obpyramidal, with a relatively large 'body' and three rather

short, ascending, somewhat twisted wings. It also is an uncommon species,
confined to Siam and Indochina.
C. muticum Muell. Arg., from which C. borneinse J. J. Sm. seems indistinguishable, is by far the most widespread species of the four. Specimens
have been seen from the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular Siam to Singapore)
and Borneo (British and Indonesian), and it may well occur in Sumatra.
The fruits are shallowly 3-lobed, with the lobes conspicuously though bluntly
keeled, but not winged.

Special interest attaches to the form described by Hooker (in Hook. f.,
Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 424 (1887)) as C. muticum 'var.? pedicellata?' The type (Y fl.)
was collected in Malacca by Griffith; it differs conspicuously from C.
muticum var. muticum (var. genuinum Pax & K. Hoffm.) in its very elongate
pedicels, up to 2-5 cm. long. A similar form has been obtained in Pahang,
Kelantan, and N. Borneo. But what is particularly remarkable is the fact
that fruiting material of this form, collected also in Malacca, by Maingay,
was described by Hooker (1.c. 441) as Mallotus leucodermis Hook. f. Attention
has been drawn to this by the late C. F. Symington (MS. annotation in Herb.
Kew. and Herb. Kepong). The fruits of this form, dehiscing into rounded
woody cocci, are, in fact, perfectly typical of the genus Mallotus.
It was already evident that Coccoceras was very closely related to Allallotus,
but here seems to be clear evidence that it is not generically separable. The
feature that has hitherto distinguished it from Mallotus is the indehiscent
nature of the fruit, combined with the tendency to the production of wings or
angles. But C. muticum var. pedicellatum-whether treated thus as a variety or
raised to specific rank--breaks down this distinction completely, since
vegetatively it appears to be as indistinguishable from C. muticum as the rest.

The genetic constitution of this plant should provide much interest. Is it truly
a 'variety' ? Is it a distinct species ? Or have we here possibly a case of fruit
dimorphism ? These questions can be answered only by observations in the
field.
Mallotus leucodermis Hook. f. is included by Pax & K. Hoffmann (in Engl.,
Pflanzenr. IV. 147. vii: 18o (I914)) in their Sect. Philippinenses, a group
characterized by alternate, palmately or tri-nerved leaves, which are
granular-glandular below, a 2-4-locular ovary and smooth capsijle. But the
leaves of Coccoceras are often opposite or subopposite, and such plants could
equally well be referred to Sect. Plagianthera (Rchb. & Zoll.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
There would seem, in fact, to be a definite relationship with Mallotus

blumeanus Muell. Arg. (Sumatra and Java), belonging to this section. On the
other hand, Mallotus borneinsis Muell. Arg. and M. wallichianus Muell. Arg.,
which are found to be conspecific with Coccoceras muticum and C. plicatum
respectively (see below), are referred by Pax & K. Hoffmann to their Sect.
Polyadenii, which should have 'penninerved or very shortly trinerved' leaves.
An adequate appraisal of the relationship of Coccoceras with Mallotus must
await a revision of the latter genus. For the present it may perhaps be treated
as a section, distinguished from Sect. Plagianthera and Sect. Philippinenses by
the indehiscent, angled or winged, smooth capsules.
Mallotus Lour., Sect. Coccoceras (Miq.) Airy Shaw, stat. nov.

Coccoceras Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. (Fl. Sum.): 455 (186o), pro gen.; Pax
& K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. VII: 209 (1914) et in Engl. &
Harms, Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19c: 118 (1931); q.v.
Sectio a Sect. Plagianthera (Reichb. & Zoll.) Pax & K. Hoffm. et Sect.
Philippinensium Pax & K. Hoffm. fructibus laevibus angulatis vel alatis
indehiscentibus distincta.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MALLOTUS SECT. COCCOCERAS
Fruit angled, but not winged ......... I. M. muticus
Fruit winged:
Wings ascending or erect, rather short and rounded, sometimes twisted; body of fruit equalling that of muticus in size
2. M. anisopodus
Wings spreading horizontally, very narrow and acute, straight; body of
fruit smaller than that of muticus . . . . 3. M. sumatranus
Fruit unknown; ovary usually conspicuously transversely (horizontally)
plicate; leaves somewhat more strongly crenate than in the other
species; known only from Burma .. ...... 4. M. plicatus
I. Mallotus muticus (Muell. Arg.) Airy Shaw, comb. nov.

Coccoceras muticum Muell. Arg. in Flora 47: 470 (1864); Pax & K. Hoffm.,
1.c.: 210 (1914); Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 294 (1924).
Mallotus bornefnsis Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 980 (1866); Pax &
K. Hoffm., 1.c.: 198 (1914); synon. nov.
Rottlera borneinsis (Muell. Arg.) Scheff. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4:
125 (1868).
C. borneinse J. J. Smith in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sdr. 3, 6: 94 (1924)
(pro sp. nov.), synon. nov.
MALAY PENINSULA; BORNEO; ?SUMATRA.
2. Mallotus anisopodus (Gagnep.) Airy Shaw, comb. nov.

Coccoceras anisopodum Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 1021 (I925), et in
Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indoch. 5: 378, fig. 43, 2, 3 (1926).

INDOCHINA: see Gagnepain, 1.c.
SIAM. Ayuthia: Menam Sak, Saraburi, mixed deciduous forest on bank

of river, c. 40 m. alt., 30 May 1923, Kerr 7026:-'Tree about Io m. high'
(fr.).
3. Mallotus sumatranus (Miq.) Airy Shaw, comb. nov.

Coccoceras sumatranum Miq., l.c. 456; Pax & K. Hoffm., l.c. 209 (1914).
SUMATRA; EAST BORNEO.
The following Bornean specimens, bearing well-developed fruits, are

certainly referable to M. sumatranus:
352
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CENTRAL EAST BORNEO. W. Koetai; No. 2, near Moeara Kaman, in swamp
forest, alt. Io m., 19 June 1925, Endert 1498:-'Very common. Tree, 8 m.

high; flower red-brown or green-brown'. Ibid., No. 7, near M. Moentai,
bank of Mahakan river, alt. Io m., 9 July 1925, Endert I989:-'Very
common. Tree, 12 m. high, 20 cm. diam.; fruit reddish-brown-green'.
Vernacular name: peroepoek.
4. Mallotus plicatus (Muell. Arg.) Airy Shaw, comb. nov.

Coccoceras plicatum Muell. Arg. in Flora 47: 539 (1864); Pax & K. Hoffm., 1.c.:
210 (1914).
Mallotus eriocarpoides Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 34:185 (1865).

M. wallichianus Muell. Arg., 1.c.: 196; Pax & K. Hoffm., 1.c.: 199 (1914);
synon. nov.
Hymenocardiaplicata (Muell. Arg.) Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 395 (1877).
BURMA.
Mallotus leucodermis Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 441 (1887);
Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. vII: 18o (1914); Ridl., Fl.
Mal. Penins. 3: 291 (1924).
Coccoceras muticum var. ? pedicellata Hook. f., 1.c.: 424; Pax & K. Hoffm., 1.c.:
210; Ridl., 1.c. 294; synon. nov.
MALAY PENINSULA; see Ridley, ll.cc.
NORTH BORNEO. Bettotan, logged area, plain, 15 m. alt., 5 May 1933,

Orolfo (B.N.B. For. Dept.) 3223:-'Tree, 30 ft. high, 21 ins. girth'.
XXXIII. A MISPLACED BURMESE MALLOTUS
(P. & H. 125)

Mallotus (?Echinocroton) leucocarpus (Kurz) Airy Shaw, comb. nov.
Claoxylon leucocarpum Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal 42, II: 244 (1874), et
For. Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 396 (1877); Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5:
413 (1887); Lace, List Trees, Shrubs, etc., Burma: 121 (1912); ed. 2
(Rodger): 153 (1922); Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147-
vuI: 130 (1914), pro sp. exclusa.

BURMA. Pegu Yomah, 'rare in the tropical forests and along choungs in the
upper mixed forests', on permeable silicious sandstone, fr. 7 Jan. 1871,
Kurz 2486 (typus, Herb. Kew.):-'White arillus'. Toungoo Distr., Saing-
Yaue (?-Nau&) Reserve, fr. 9 Dec. 1909, Lace 5023.
J. D. Hooker commented (1.c.: 414) that 'the three strong long spreading
basal nerves are quite unlike any Indian species of the genus' (i.e. Claoxylon),
and it is therefore strange that he left C. leucocarpum in that genus, among the
'imperfectly known species', since its general aspect is very Mallotoid. Its
present reference to Sect. Echinocroton of Mallotus seems beyond dispute, but
it is less easy to indicate its closest affinity. Unfortunately the flowers are still
unknown, and the foliage is inadequately represented-it is impossible to

say, for instance, whether the leaves of each opposite pair are equal or
unequal. The leaves are cordate-orbicular, up to 27 cm. diam., minutely
and densely white-granular beneath, but not glandular-granular; the
lower surface is also very thinly stellate-scabrid-pubescent, especially on the

veins. The infructescences are very short, barely reaching 4 cm. in length.

XXXIV. NEW RECORDS FOR WETRIA MACROPHYLLA
(P. & H. 135)

Wetria macrophylla (BI.) J.J.Sm. in Meded. Dept. Landb. Io (Bijdr. 12
Kenn. Booms. Java): 471 (191o); Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 472-3 (196o),
q.v.

SIAM. Surat: Ta Kanawn, in evergreen [forest] on limestone hill, c. 300 m.,
15 March 1927, Kerr 12332:-'Tree, c. 12 m. high' (fr.). Puket: Kao Toi,

Pang-nga, evergreen forest on limestone hill, c. 200 m., 26 Feb. 1929, Kerr
17250:-'Tree c. 15 m. high' (fr.).
NORTH BORNEO. Kinabatangan Distr.: Ioo m. E. of Bumbulud Summit,

Gomantong Caves Hill, 20 miles S. of Sandakan, 21o m. alt., 22 July 1954,
G. H. S. Wood SAN 4638:-'Tree, height 32 ft.'
The above Siamese records help to bridge the gap between the already
known Pahang localities, in the Malay Peninsula, and those in the Amherst
division of Burma recorded in my previous note (1.c.).
XXXV. FURTHER NOTES ON CEPHALOMAPPA BAILLON
(P. & H. 148)
I. Cephalomappa penangensis Ridl. in Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 1923: 368

(1923) et Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 279 (1924); Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. I4: 379
(1960).
PERAK. Chikus Forest Reserve, low-lying ground, 27 June 1924, Yeop 9499
(Herb. Kepong):-'Small tree, 32 ft. high, 3 ft. girth; flower yellow; wood
white.'
In his paper on the limestone flora of the Malay Peninsula, Henderson (in
Journ. Mal. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 17: 69 (1939)) mentions as '? Cephalomappa sp.'
a plant from SELANGOR: Bukit Takun, Symington 36403 and 39582. I have not
yet seen these gatherings, and cannot say whether the genus Cephalomappa is
represented.
3. Cephalomappa beccariana Baill. var. havilandii Airy Shaw, l.c.

SARAWAK. Loba Kabang South P.F., in alan type forest, 20 Feb. 1954,
J. A. R. Anderson S 1484: 'Small tree 14 ft. g.v.h., without buttresses; bark
smooth with numerous lenticels; wood white and soft.' Kuching, Sixth Mile
For. Res., in Kerangas, 30 m. alt., 19 Jan. 1954, Muas 1873:-'Tree 35 ft.
high, 22 ins. girth; bark smooth, green.' Sibu, II Feb. 1954, J. A. R.
Anderson 1443; ibid., swamps, 20 Feb. 1954, J. A. R. Anderson 1512.
5. Cephalomappa paludicola Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 380 (1960).

SARAWAK. Sibu, in swamp forest, 20 Jan. 1954, J. A. R. Anderson 1478;

native name (Malay): empenit. Ibid., swamps, II May 1954, J. A. R. Anderson
I877.
354
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5a. Cephalomappa sinensis [sphalm. 'sinense'] (Chun & How) Kostermans

in Reinwardtia 5: 413 (1961).
Muricococcum sinense Chun & How in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 5: I4, t. VI
(1956).
CHINA. Kwangsi: Chen-Tu, in cultis, April 1955, C. H. Chung 91116
(typus); Lung-Tsin, in silvis, June 1955, K. H. Ning s.n. [Non vidi.]
The discovery of a representative of Cephalomappa in south China is of

much interest, representing as it does a northward extension of range of
about 1300 miles [2000 km.], measured from Penang or North Borneo. The
localities are both in the south-western portion of Kwangsi Province, not far
from the border of Tonkin (N. Vietnam). Lung-Tsin is apparently the same
as Lungchow, where so many of Dr. H. B. Morse's plants were collected in
the early part of this century.
The above-cited gatherings are not available for study at this time, but,
from the very good description and illustration provided, I have no doubt
as to the correctness of Dr. Kostermans's determination. From its few (4-6)
lateral nerves, the species may be even closer to my C. paludicola than to C.
malloticarpa J. J. Sm., with which Kostermans compares it, although it is

virtually certain that it is not an inhabitant of peat-swamp forests. Apart
from the lepidote young inflorescence of C. paludicola, it is not easy to dis-
cover essential differences between it and the Chinese plant. A decision
must wait the opportunity of comparing actual specimens.
XXXVI. SECOND THOUGHTS ON KOILODEPAS HASSKARL
(P. & H. I51)
6. Koilodepas wallichianum Benth. in Hook., Ic. P1. 13, t. I288 (1879);
Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 387 (i96o).
K.ferrugineum Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 420 (1887); Airy Shaw, 1.c.:
385K. ? longifolium Hook. f. in Hook. f., 1.c.; (var. longifolium) Airy Shaw, 1.c.: 388,
pro parte, saltem quoad specim. e Perak et Malacca.

K. subcordatus [sic] Gage in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 9: 239 (1922), quoad specim.
e Penang.
Nephrostylus poilanei Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 467 (1925).
Calpigyne hainanensis Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 6: 135 (1925).
K. hainanense (Merr.) Croiz. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 51 (1942); Airy Shaw,
.c. : 384-
SIAM. Surat: Kaw Samui, 14 June 1927, Put 843 :-'Climber?' (galled);
Tako, Langsuan, 19 June 1928, Put 1732 (galled); Panom, 2 Apr. 1930, Kerr
18813. Puket: Nawng Fe, Krabi, in scrub, sea-level, 20 March 1930, Kerr
18637 :-'Tree c. 15 m. high'; Panom Bercha, Krabi, evergreen forest, 500 m.
alt., 26 March 1930, Kerr 18670: 'Tree c. 20 m. high'; Kaw Fibong, Trang,
semi-deciduous forest, sea-level, 23 Apr. 1930, Kerr 19091 :-'Tree c. 15 m.
high'.
7. K. glanduligerum Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147, vii:

270 (1914)?
K. longifolium Hook.f. var. longifolium Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 388 (1960),
pro parte, saltem quoad specim. e Singapore.
SIAM. Pattani: Yala, 31 Jan. 1931, Put 3696.
A prolonged study of the Peninsular Siamese specimens listed above
seems to throw the greatest doubt upon the possibility of distinguishing K.
ferrugineum, K. longifolium and K. hainanense from the first species to be

described from the Malay Peninsula, K. wallichianum Benth. Kerr 190o91,
which possesses a few immature fruits, shows the membranous accrescent
fruiting calyx of K. hainanense, whilst all the specimens (except those with
galled inflorescences) exhibit the larger flowers typical of K. wallichianum
sensu str. and the much-branched type of style previously thought to be
characteristic of K. ferrugineum. No definite distinctions seem to be obtain-
able from the foliage, and the length of the inflorescence is extremely
variable. It may even prove necessary, when the fruits of K. bantamense
Hassk. and K. frutescens (Bl.) Airy Shaw become known, to include these
species in the synonymy-both names being, of course, earlier than K.
wallichianum.
The specimen Put 3696 has conspicuously smaller flowers, and leaves
drying greener, than the remainder. It is referred here to K. glanduligerum
(type from Singapore!) only with the greatest reserve, and only because the
character of smaller flowers appears to some extent to be correlated with the
non-accrescent fruiting calyx of the Singapore plant. The geography is
against it. These plants need study in the field.
7a. Koilodepas longifolium var. integrifolium Airy Shaw in Kew Bull.

14: 388 (1960).
Aporosa brevipetiolata Merr. ex Keith, Prelim. List N. Borneo P1. Names (N.
Born. For. Rec. 2): 48, 79, 124 (1938); ed. 2: 116, 192, 292 (1952);
nomen.
NORTH BORNEO. Without locality or date, D. D. Wood 2254 (sterile).

Kabili-Sepilok Forest Reserve, hill, 18 m. alt., 2 March 1937, Puasa (B.N.B.
For. Dept.) 7035 (ster.) :-'Tree, 15 ft. high, 6 in. girth.' Elopura For. Distr.,
Sandakan, Malangking, on flat land near front of hill, 5 May 1947, Rodriguez
(B.N.B. For. Dept.) A 13:--'Tree, I2 ft. high, 12 in. girth; sterile.' Sandakan
distr., Cpt. 13, Sepilok Forest Reserve, primary low undulating hillside
forest, alt. 9 m., 13 Aug. 1960, D. L Nicholson SAN 21776 (fruiting) :-'Tree
25 ft. high, I2 ins. girth. Bark smooth, flaky, papery, white-green. Greenish-
yellow fruit'. Vernacular name (Malay): kilas.
The additional material confirms the distinctness of this entity, and

suggests that specific rank may eventually be appropriate. Unfortunately &
flowers have never yet been collected.
The synonym cited was distributed on the label of the sterile specimen,
D. D. Wood 2254, and was then supplied by me to the North Borneo Forestry
Department in the late i93o's, in the course of routine determinations of
their material, before it was realised that the generic attribution was in-
correct, and moreover that the name had never been validated by a
description.
In the original place of publication of var. integrifolium (1.c. supra) the date
356
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BULLETIN
of collection of the type-specimen, Orolfo (B.N.B. For. Dept.) 1821, should

read '27 April 1932' (not '1923').
9. Koilodepas cf. stenosepalum Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 390 (i960).
SARAWAK. R. Kenaban, Upper Plieran, I 152 m., primary rain forest, 24
Sept. 1955, Pickles (Oxford Univ. Exped. Sarawak) S. 3451 :--'Sapling 14 ft.
X 4 ins.; bark smooth-flaky, patchy green, brown and cream; O.B. soft;
I.B. pinky-brown, laminated-brittle; sapwood light brown; leaf-length
4-15 ins.; used for firewood.' Vernacular name (Kayan): luti. Ibid., 5 Oct.
1955, Pickles S. 362I :-'Sapling, 26 ft. x 3- ins.; fruit edible; bark thin,
patchy grey, grey-green, orange and green; O.B. soft; I.B. pinky-cream,
brittle; sapwood orangy-cream; leaf length 4-16 ins.' Vernacular name
(Kayan) : sapabang.
I believe that K. stenosepalum is represented by these specimens, but
unfortunately one is sterile, and upon the Kew duplicate of the second no
fruit is present, although mentioned in the field notes. It is difficult to name
material of this genus from foliage alone.
XXXVII. EPIPRINUS GRIFFITH IN SIAM
(P. & H. 181)
Epiprinus malayanus Griff. Notulae 4: 487 (1854); Pax & K. Hoffm. in

Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. x: 110 (1919); Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 279
(1924); Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gin. Indoch. 5: 474 (1926), in clavi;
Corner, Wayside Trees of Malaya 1: 252 (1940 & 1952).
SIAM. Pattani: Betong, evergreen forest, c. 300oo m., 31 July 1923, Kerr
7434: 'Small tree about 6 m. high; red perianth.'
Epiprinus siletianus (Baill.) Croiz. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 53 (1942).

Symphyllia siletiana Baill., Et. G6n. Euphorb.: 474 (1858); Pax & K. Hoffm. in
Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. II: 16 (I9IO), q.v.; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl.
Gin. Indoch. 5: 477 (1926).
Epiprinus hainanensis Croiz. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 21: 504 (1960) et 23: 53
(1942), in obs., synon. nov.
SIAM. Rachasima: Korat, Katok, evergreen forest, c. 500 m., 30 Dec.

1923, Kerr 8171 :--'Small tree c. 7 m. high'; Korat, Baw Rai, common in ever-
green forest, c. 6oo m., 29 Nov. 1924, Kerr 9486:-'Tree I"7 m. high'; Korat,
Tachang, Chantfik, evergreen forest, c. 400oo m., Kerr 9867:-'Shrub c. 4 m.
high'; Korat, Kao Lem, 25 Dec. 1930, Put 3508. Surat: Bang Son, 11
March 1928, Put 1518; Tako, Langsuan, 13 June 1928, Put 1638.
HAINAN. Sine loc. exact., March 1886 (?), Rev. B. C. Henry 42:-'Small
tree'.
Croizat himself envisaged the possibility that his E. hainanensis might be

no more than a form of E. siletianus, and I have no doubt that this is so. As
noted below (p. 358), F. C. How 70700oo, from Hainan, one of the original
specimens cited by Croizat for his Epiprinus hainanensis, was distributed as
Mallotus pseudoverticillatus Merr.

XXXVIII. A SECOND SPECIES OF SPATHIOSTEMON BL.
(P. & H. 182/a)
Spathiostemon moniliformis Airy Shaw, sp. nov., a S. javensi Bl. (sola

specie hucusque cognita) inflorescentiis C gracillimis valde elongatis (20o cm.
vel ultra) glaberrimis, floribus S minoribus sessilibus, floribus Y sessilibus,

inter alia conspicue differt.
Arbor parva, 8-1o m. alta. Ramuli gracillimi, 1-2-5 mm. crassi, teretes,
laevissimi, cortice albido demum fuscescente, internodiis elongatis. Folia
late elliptica, rarius leviter ovato-elliptica, 10-20 cm. longa, 4-8 cm. lata,
basi late cuneata, raro subrotundata, apice breviter usque longius (4 cm.)
acuminata, chartacea, glaberrima, siccitate viridia (subtus pallidiora), costa
gracili utrinque (praesertim subtus) prominente, nervis primariis gracilibus
5-6-jugis adscendentibus procurvis haud anastomosantibus 2 basalibus rectis
fere marginalibus, nervis minoribus gracillimis transversis scalariformiter
dispositis; petiolus gracillimus, 1-3 cm. longus, o05-I mm. crassus, glaber,
teres, supra canaliculatus; stipulae minimae, deltoideae, citissime caducae.
Inflorescentiae S spiciformes, gracillimae, valde elongatae, 10-25 cm. longae,
per totam longitudinem floriferae, alabastris multis globosis, monilia pendentia simulantes, glaberrimae. Bractea deltoidea, I mm. longa, carinata,
valde acuta, brunnea, patens. Bracteolae binae, vix I mm. diametro, imbricantes, calyculum orbicularem efformantes, margine erosulae. Flos C sessilis.
Calyx alabastro globosus, 1-1-5 mm. diametro, minute apiculatus, glaber,

laevis, siccitate viridulus. Stamina (ex alabastris tantum cognita) numerosissima, in phalangibus 5-6 connata. Inflorescentiae Y abbreviatae, 1-5-4 cm.
longae, rectae, angulatae, glabrae, pauciflorae (longiores circiter 12-florae).
Flores minimi, 1-2 mm. longi, sessiles; sepala deltoideo-ovata, valde imbricata, inaequalia, glabra; ovarium trilobum, laeve, glaber; styli 3, pro rata
magni, crasse subulati, erecti, stigmatibus parvis patulis e sepalis breviter
protusis. Fructus ignotus.
PENINSULAR SIAM. Puket Circle: Kraburi, Ranawng, alt. c. 20 m., in

evergreen forest, 25 Dec. 1928, Kerr 16347 (c$):-'Small tree c. 8 m. high'.
Surat Circle: Bankrut, Surat, alt. c. 50 m., in evergreen forest, io Feb. 1930,
Kerr 18162 (-, typus, Herb. Kew.), I8I62A ():--'Tree, c. Io m. high'.
Vernacular name: kat lai, ka lai.
The only hitherto known member of the genus Spathiostemon has been
S. javensis Bl. (Polydragma mallotiforme Hook. f., Mallotus eglandulosus Elm.),
known from the Malay Peninsula (Perak, once collected), the Philippines,
Borneo, Java and New Guinea. The occurrence of a second species in
Peninsular Siam therefore represents an appreciable extension of the
generic range. In foliage the two species are extremely similar, but the
extraordinarily elongate male inflorescences and sessile flowers (both S and
Y) of S. moniliformis distinguish it very clearly from the earlier known
species. The discovery of the fruit will be awaited with interest.
Most authors have followed Mueller Argoviensis in uniting Spathiostemon
with Homonoia Lour. J. D. Hooker, however (Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 456 (1887))
and Ridley (Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 310 (1924)) (both sub Polydragma Hook.f.)
keep it distinct, and I believe there are good grounds for this. The very
smooth, glabrous, entire, broad, long-petioled foliage of Spathiostemon is very
different from the pubescent, glandular-punctate, dentate, narrowly willowlike (or retuse-obovate), short-petioled foliage of Homonoia; indeed in foliage
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Spathiostemon is closer to Lasiococca than to Homonoia. In addition, the dense
? inflorescences and small pubescent capsules of Homonoia should be contrasted with the lax ? inflorescences and very much larger, softly echinate
capsules of Spathiostemon, the latter again in this feature making a closer
approach to Lasiococca. The three genera might conceivably at some future
date be united, but this would seem premature at the present stage.
XXXIX. LASIOCOCCA HOOK. F. IN HAINAN
(P. & H. 183)
Lasiococca comberi Haines in Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 1920: 70 (1920);
Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa: 110 (1925); Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras, 2 (7):
1334 (1925)-
Mallotus pseudoverticillatus Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 14: 23-25, fig. 7
(1935), synon. nov.
HAINAN. Ngai distr.: Naam Shan Leng, dry, gentle slope, sandy soil,
thicket, 3 Aug. 1932, S. K. Lau 353 (type):-'Woody, erect, ht. 3 m.; fruit'.
Sine loc. exact., in shaded forest, 30 Oct. 1933, H. Y. Liang 63916:-'Tree; ht.
8- o m., diam. I- m.; fl. buds yellow green'. [F. C. How 70700, distributed as
Mallotus pseudoverticillatus Merr., is Epiprinus hainanensis Croiz. = E. siletianus
(Baill.) Croiz.; vide Croizat in Journ. Arn. Arb. 2 1: 504-5 (1940), et supra, p.
356].
The occurrence of L. comberi in Hainan represents a very great extension of

range of the small genus Lasiococca Hook.f., which has hitherto been known
only from the foothills of the Eastern Himalaya, the Central Provinces
(Bihar and Orissa), and Madras. Merrill referred his supposed new species
of Mallotus to Sect. Axenfeldia (or alternatively to the segregate genus
Coelodiscus Baill.), but its attribution to Lasiococca is beyond doubt, and I
cannot distinguish it from the more southerly of the two known species of
that genus. This, as pointed out by Haines (1.c.), is well distinguished from
L. symphylliifolia (Kurz) Hook.f. by the non-glandular perianth of the ?
flowers, and by the tubercles of the capsule bearing only one terminal hair
(rarely two) each, instead of a dense hispid covering.

Though not at present known from Malaysia proper, the genus Lasiococca
may be expected to occur at least in the intervening region of Assam, Burma,
Siam and Indochina.
XL. BORNEODENDRON AIRY SHAW, A REMARKABLE NEW

GENUS AND SPECIES FROM NORTH BORNEO
(P. & H. I91/a?)

About 2 years ago Dr. C. G. G. J. van Steenis included in a parcel of
unknown Euphorbiaceae sent to me for determination a curious specimen
with whorled leaves and long-peduncled axillary fruits, which failed to match
anything with which I was acquainted. It had been obtained on an island off
the east coast of North Borneo. Dr. van Steenis had suggested, in correspond-
ence with the North Borneo Forest Department, that either a new genus or
possibly an undescribed species of Baloghia Endl. was represented, but in the
absence of flowering material (especially $ flowers) no decision could be
reached. The eventual success of the Forest Department in locating a

flowering S tree on another island a few miles distant has now made possible
the description of the species, which proves to represent a very distinct new
genus of unusual interest. In the second locality (and in two further localities
discovered later on the mainland) the tree was growing in an area of ultra-
basic rock, which suggests that the region might repay intensive investigation.
Borneodendron Airy Shaw, gen. nov. egregium, Baloghiae Endl. (Trib.

Cluytieae) ut videtur remotius affine, partibus junioribus stellato-ferrugineolepidotis, foliis in verticilla trifolia dispositis crebre transverso-nervosis, inflorescentiis S terminalibus subcapitatis pedunculatis cernuis, floribus in verticilla
3-flora dispositis (verticillis pro inflorescentia 2-4), quoque flore bractea

magna stellato-tomentosa suffulto, perianthio ut videtur nullo, staminibus
numerosis filamentis in columnam connatis, antheris majusculis oblongis rima
subsinuosa dehiscentibus, floribus ? in foliorum axillis solitariis, pedunculo
elongato rigido valde complanato, calyce brevissime 4-5-lobo, petalis
nullis, ovario biloculari, stylis 2 bifidis, capsula dicocca, epicarpio tenui haud
carnoso, inter Euphorbiaceas valde insigne.-Species adhuc cognita unica:

B. aenigmaticum Airy Shaw, Borneonis boreo-orientalis incola.-Icon: Hook.,
Ic. P1. 37, t. 3633 (1962).
Borneodendron aenigmaticum Airy Shaw, sp. nov.

Arbor monoica (?), 15-27 m. alta, trunco usque ad ramos infimos usque
12 m. alto, basi anteridifero, succo rubro scatente. Ramuli usque 8 mm.
crassi, cortice laxo tenuiter papyraceo pallide cinereo longitudinaliter plicato
et fisso glabro et laevi cito decorticante, cicatricibus foliorum delapsorum

magnis (4-5 mm. diam.) rotundatis conspicuis. Innovationes ferrugineostellato-tomentelli, mox glabrescentes. Folia ternatim verticillata, ellipticooblanceolata, interdum obovata, raro fere oblonga, 4-17 cm. longa, 1-56-5 cm. lata, apice rotundata brevissime apiculata, rarius obtusissima vel
retusa, basi cuneata, in petiolum sensim vel subabrupte angustata, margine
integro anguste revoluto, chartaceo-coriacea, matura glaberrima; costa pro
rata angusta, sed subtus valde prominens, supra ? alte impressa; nervi
laterales numerosissimi, latissime patentes, angulum fere rectum cum costa
efformantes, graciles, inter se valde reticulato-anastomosantes, subtus
distincte supra vix prominuli; petiolus 1-3 cm. longus, applanatus, lateraliter
carinatus; stipulae interpetiolares, anguste lanceolato-oblongae, in mitreolam
anguste prismaticam circa alabastrum terminale connatae, usque 2 cm.

longae, dense ferrugineo-tomentellae, cito caducae. Inflorescentiae S terminales, subcapitatae, cernuae; pedunculus 1-2 cm. longus, breviter ferrugineo-tomentellus. Flores $ in verticillis 3-floris dispositi, verticillis 2-4,
quoque flore bractea magna suffulto. Bracteae late ovatae, 6-1o mm. longae,
5-6 mm. latae (infimae saepe angustiores et rostrato-acuminatae, flores
multo minores suffulcientes), convexae, extra dense tomentellae, intus
breviter adpresse puberulae. Perianthium ut videtur nullum. Discus nullus
(vel vestigialis?). efformantia,
Stamina numerosa
(c. 25-30),
massam asymmetricam
hemisphaericam
filamentis
in columnam
longe connatis, jantheris basifixis + oblongis I mm. longis rimis longitudinalibus subsinuosis sublateralibus dehiscentibus. Flores _ in axillis foliorum solitarii,
longe pedunculati; pedunculus strictus, rigidus, statu fructifero 2.5-8 cm.
longus, valde applanatus, apice usque 5 mm. latus, demum glaber. Calyx
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(statu fructifero) brevissime 4-5-sinuato-lobatus, lobis rotundatis integris,

velut collare brevissimum infra capsulam efformans. Ovarium ignotum.
Capsula compressa, ? dicocca, 2-2.5 cm. longa et lata, I cm. crassa, ambitu
(lateraliter visa) subquadrato-rotundata, cortice (epicarpio) tenui fuscobrunneo laevi haud secedente, endocarpio lignoso fere 2 mm. crasso pallido,
post dehiscentiam columna tenui centrali relicta. Semina 2, oblongo-
ellipsoidea, 12-14 X 8-9 X 7-8 mm., brunnea, longitudinaliter ochraceomarmorata vel interrupte lineata, apice reliquiis obturatoris conspicue
apiculata, hilo parvo conspicuo prominente 2-3 mm. distante. Cotyledones
plantulae breviter oblongi, 4 cm. longi, 2 cm. lati, apice rotundato-obtusi,
glabri, nervis laxis patulis, 2 subbasalibus angulo acuto adscendentibus
usque ad mediam laminam vel ultra percurrentibus.
NORTH BORNEO. Lahad Datu distr.: Tabawan Island, Darvel Bay, 90 m.
alt., 17 May 1954, A. J. Sangster SAN A 3803 (Herb. Lugd.-Bat.) :-'Tree,
height 50 ft.' (fruiting). Same distr.: Pulau Sakar, ultra-basic area, primary
hill forest, 15 m. alt., 21 Feb. 1961, H. S. Martyn SAN 21605 (Herb. Kew.):
'Tree 90o ft. high, 40 ft. clear bole, 69 ins. girth. Fruit green when young and
turning black when old. Buttresses 2 ft. X 4 ins. x 4 ft. Bark fissured, flaky,
brown-yellow-grey. Red sap. Outer bark dark brown, I in. thick. Inner
bark pink, soft, 4/10 in. thick. Cambium white. Exudation watery. Sapwood
white pink, 21 ins. thick. Heartwood brownish yellow to dark brown.'

Pulau Sakar, primary forest on ultra-basic rock, on hill, c. 45 m. alt., 30 May
1961, For.Ranger Muin bin Chai SAN 21695 (typus, Herb. Kew.) :-'Tree 50 ft.,
clear bole 20 ft., girth 48 ins. Flower [S] yellow. Bark brown, inner bark
pink, bleeding.'-Also reported by Dr. W. Meijer on two ultra-basic
mountains in the Labuk area (Mesasau Range and Bidu-Bidu hills) about
120 miles inland.
Vernacular name (Bajau) (all collections): bangkau-bangkau.

The affinity of this interesting tree with the genus Baloghia-especially with
the type-species, B. lucida Endl.-is, I believe, indicated by the whorled

leaves (opposite in B. lucida), the character of the nervation, the intraor inter-petiolar stipules, the flattened peduncle of the 9 flowers, and the
androecium and anthers of the S' flowers. This affinity, if real, is surprising,
since Baloghia lucida is a native of Eastern Australia, New Caledonia, and
Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, whilst most of the remaining species of the
genus are endemic in New Caledonia, and it would be difficult to cite an

example of a comparable affinity. But a prolonged search through the
family Euphorbiaceae has failed to reveal a closer relationship, and the
connection with Baloghia, though remote, seems to be a real one. The credit
for this suggestion goes to Dr. van Steenis.
SIMILARITIES
Whorled leaves are of rare occurrence in the Euphorbiaceae: the monotypic
genera Mischodon Thw. (Ceylon) and Hyaenanche Lamb. & Vahl (Toxicodendrum Thunb.) (S. Africa) provide almost the only examples. Both these
genera are referred to the subfamily Phyllanthoideae on account of the
possession of 2 ovules per loculus, whereas Borneodendron, having uniovulate
loculi, must be included in the Crotonoideae. I have not so far succeeded in

tracing another example of verticillate leaves in the latter subfamily. However, the type of fine, close, parallel venation, almost at right angles to the

midrib, is, I believe, significantly similar in Borneodendron and Baloghia lucida;
and it may be noted that, in the genus Baloghia, B. lucida is the only species
with opposite leaves and with a distribution extending outside New

Caledonia.
The nervation is probably in itself a less significant feature, but the

system of numerous, fine, parallel, transverse primaries, connected by a
network of scarcely less fine secondaries with transversely elongate meshes, is
very similar to that found in B. lucida.
The stipules of Borneodendron are so caducous that it is not easy to determine whether their attachment is inter- or intra-petiolar. It may in fact be
both. The valvate lines of connation are, however, opposite the petioles, and
the stipules themselves are evidently inter-petiolar. The incidence of this type
of stipule within the Euphorbiaceae has not been determined, but they occur
in Baloghia lucida, and also in Hyaenanche globosa (Gaertn.) Lamb. & Vahl.
In Mischodon zeylanicus Thw., however, they appear to be small, paired
structures of a more 'normal' type, sometimes adnate to the petiole.
No convincing parallel to the flattening of the ? peduncle of Borneodendron
has so far been traced, other than that which is seen in Baloghia lucida. In
that species the inflorescence is usually a short raceme (actually cymose) of
decussate opposite flowers, with sometimes a terminal flower present, but it
may occasionally be reduced to a single, apparently axillary, relatively long-
peduncled flower (cf. C. T. White 2069, from Mont Mou, New Caledonia).
In any case the floral axes, and especially the uppermost internodes below
the inflorescences, show in a less extreme form the same type of flattening
and broadening upwards, with sharply keeled edges, as that which is so

conspicuous in Borneodendron, and there would seem little doubt that this is
significant.
The resemblance between the androecia of Baloghia and Borneodendron is

very strong. The filaments in Baloghia lucida (cf. Endlicher, Iconogr. Gen. P1.
t. 122: 1841) are more shortly connate than in Borneodendron, but they show
the same firm, almost fleshy consistency, and the large, elongate-oblong
anthers, with parallel discrete thecae, dehiscing by an often subsinuose slit,
are highly characteristic. I have not traced such anthers elsewhere in the
family-except possibly in the Australian tribe Ricinocarpeae (Ricinocarpos
Desf., Bertya Planch., Beyeria Miq.) which, as already indicated by Pax &
Hoffmann (in Engl. & Harms, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 19c: 30 (1931)), is
probably to be regarded as representing reduced derivatives of the Cluytieae.

The presence of a red sap in the inner bark of Borneodendron recalls the fact
that Baloghia lucida is known in Queensland and Norfolk Island as 'bloodwood', for a similar reason.
DIFFERENCES
Despite these probable indications of affinity, it must be emphasized that
the points of divergence are profound. The verticillate leaves seem to be

without parallel in the Crotonoideae, and the similar arrangement of the
flowers in the & inflorescence is at least very unusual, if it is not unique.
The entire absence of a perianth to the r flowers is a feature otherwise
almost confined to the Hippomaneae, with which Borneodendron seems to show
little indication of relationship. The large & bracts appear to have been
developed as a compensation for this lack. The unusual character of the
androecium and of the flattened S peduncle has already been noted, in
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these points agreeing, however, with Baloghia. A stellate-lepidote indumentum and a bilocular ovary occur, of course, in a number of genera of
Euphorbiaceae, but are apparently not found in Baloghia.
GEOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS
Borneodendron must be regarded as one of the more noteworthy endemic

elements in the Bornean flora. Perhaps only Scyphostegia-likewise apparently
of Euphorbiaceous (or Flacourtiaceous) affinity-rivals it in taxonomic

interest and isolation. It may be observed that both genera are found in
North Borneo. Merrill (Enum. Philipp. Fl. P1. 4: 101-4, 130 (1926)) has
reviewed the Australian and New Caledonian phytogeographic connections
of the Philippine flora, with which that of North Borneo shows many
features in common. Among New Caledonian genera occurring in the
Philippines he instances Ascarina (Chloranthaceae), Quintinia (Escalloniaceae)
and Mooria (Clogzia) (Myrtaceae). There is even a species of Guioa (Sapindaceae)

confined to the two island groups, so far as at present known. In his Biblio-
graphic Enumeration of Bornean plants (Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 1921,
Spec. No.: 21 (1921)) Merrill cites Osbornia octodonta F. Muell. (Myrtaceae),
Camptostemon philippinensis (Vid.) Becc. (Bombacaceae) and Faradaya matthewsii
Merr. (Verbenaceae) as examples of Australian genera with species occurring

in Borneo-once again, in North Borneo. But examples of this type of distribution are very few. It would perhaps be pertinent to cite the Euphorbia-
ceous genus Longetia Baill. (Buraeavia Baill., Choriophyllum Benth.), represented by two species in western Malaysia (Malay Peninsula and Borneo)
and four in New Caledonia, with a further one in Fiji. The only near
relatives of this genus are Dissiliaria and Choriceras (NE. Australia and S. New
Guinea), and Mischodon, endemic in Ceylon.

Borneodendron becomes the third endemic genus of Euphorbiaceae to be
known from Borneo, the others being Dicoelia Benth. (Phyllanthoideae) with
two species, and the recently described Tapoides Airy Shaw (Crotonoideae), at
present monotypic. Neither of these bears any close relationship to the

present one, Dicoelia being apparently related to Actephila and Baccaurea
(possibly even to Trigonostemon and Moultonianthus); Tapoides to Aleurites,
Annesijoa, Elateriospermum, etc. It is to be expected that continued botanical
exploration will reveal the presence of these or other supposed endemics in
other parts of Malaysia. Because of the apparent Australian and New

Caledonian affinities of Borneodendron, it would seem at least possible that
connecting links between that genus and Baloghia might be discovered in

Celebes, the Moluccas or New Guinea.
I desire to express my sincere thanks to Professor C. G. G. J. van Steenis
for the loan of Sangster's fruiting specimen from the Leiden Herbarium; to
Dr. W. Meijer, Forest Botanist in North Borneo, who in response to my

request kindly instituted a search for bangkau-bangkau; and to Mr. Harvey
S. Martyn, and his assistant, Forest Ranger Muin bin Chai, through whose
efforts male flowering material was eventually located and collected.
XLI. AN OVERLOOKED OSTODES FROM SOUTH INDIA
(P. & H. 192)

Ostodes integrifolius Airy Shaw, sp. nov., O. zeylanico (Thw.) Muell. Arg.
affinis, sed foliis integerrimis minoribus plerumque latiuscule ellipticis (nec
oblongis nec oblanceolatis), inflorescentia parcius lepidoto-furfuracea ut

videtur bene distinguenda.-O. zeylanicus var. minor Gamble, Fl. Pres.
Madras, 2 (7): 1336 (1925), non (Thw.) Hook. f.
Arbor 24 m. alta, anteridibus nullis (teste collectore). Rami teretes, usque
5 mm. crassi, cortice pallide brunneo glabro. Folia plerumque regulariter
elliptica, 10-20 cm. longa, 5-8 cm. lata, rarius leviter ovata vel obovata,
basi et apice subaequaliter cuneata, apice brevissime et.obtuse acuminata,
margine integerrima vel levissime undulata (nullo modo crenata vel den-
tata), chartacea vel subcoriacea, glaberrima, laevia, siccitate supra ?
viridia, subnitida, subtus pallide brunnea; costa modice gracilis, supra plana,
subtus prominens; nervi laterales 6-I2-jugi, graciles, late arcuato-adscendentes, pari infimo fere stricte marginali; petioli graciles, semiteretes,
(i'5-) 3-6 (-Io) cm. longi, 1-2 mm. crassi, basi et apice inconspicue pul-
vinati. Inflorescentia anguste thyrsoidea, 20-25 cm. longa, ut videtur termin-
alis, sed novellis vegetativis ex axillis inferioribus ortis mox superata; axis
primo minute rufescenti-lepidoto-furfuraceus, mox glabrescens, ramis
inferioribus usque II cm. superioribus 1-3 cm. tantum longis. Flores ('
tantum visi) - fasciculati, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis lepidotis. Calyx cupu-
laris, 5-7 mm. latus et longus, lepidotus, inaequaliter 5-lobatus, lobis
alabastro imbricatis membranaceo-marginatis rotundatis. Petala 5, oblongoelliptica, circiter 8 mm. longa, 4-5 mm. lata, obtusiuscula, alba, erecta,
marginibus cohaerentia, apice recurva. Discus e glandulis ? Io parvis
subquadratis apice fulvo-pilosis sistens. Stamina 14-15, 3-seriata: 5 extima

libera, 3-4 mm. longa, 5 interiora in columnam connata, 5-6 mm. longa,
4-5 intima connata, 7 mm. longa; antherae ellipsoideae, siccitate nigrae,
I mm. longae. Flores Y non visae. Capsula depresse globosa, 1-7 cm. longa,
circiter 2 cm. diametro, brevissime stellato-aureo-tomentella; semina magna,
globosa.
S. INDIA. (Madras? Travancore?). 'Manantoddy?' (Wynaad), Jan.
1884, M. A. Lawson s.n. Dooala (?Dovala, ?Devala), 22 Nov. 1888, M. A.

Lawson 65 (typus, Herb. Kew.):-'A climber. Flowers white.' Vellera
Mulley, alt. 900oo m., 19 Feb. 1890, M. A. Lawson s.n.:-'A big tree 8o ft.,
with no buttresses.' Travancore, sine loc. exact. vel dat., M. A. Lawson 150.
This overlooked and evidently local species differs from all its congeners
in its entire leaves. A crenate-serrate leaf-margin is so characteristic of
Ostodes that, from the leaves alone, one would hardly think of associating the
present plant with this genus. The inflorescence and flowers are, however,
perfectly typical, and the lepidote indumentum, though sparse, allies this
species with 0. zeylanicus (Thw.) Muell. Arg. which occurs in the same
region. Gamble's reference of 0. integrifolius to 0. zeylanicus var. minor
(Thw.) Hook. f. was, however, quite erroneous. The Ceylon plant (better
treated as a distinct species, 0. minor (Thw.) Muell. Arg., as done by Pax in
Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. III: 20 (191 )) has quite different, narrowly
elongate-oblong leaves, thin in texture, with a distantly but quite distinctly dentate margin, and very long, slender inflorescences with the
flowers arising from short, recurved, densely bracteolate branchlets. It
appears to be confined to Ceylon.
Some doubt unfortunately attaches to the localities. Manantoddy is a well-
known village in the Wynaad (Wainad) district, NW. of the Nilghiri Hills,
but the collector has himself added a query to it. The second locality might
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be Devala (I i?3o'N., 76525' E.), but the writing on the label is not clear.
The third locality is clearly written, but I have failed to trace it on any map
or gazetteer.
XLII. CHEILOSA BLUME IN BORNEO
(P. & H. 225)

Cheilosa malayana (Hook. f.) Corner, MS.; ex Airy Shaw, comb. nov.
[Baccaurea malayana King ex Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 374
(1887); Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3 (i): 280 (I900), in adnot.; Pax in
Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. xv: 70 (1922); Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 247
(1924); Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Mal. Penins. i: 279 (1935); Corner in
Gard. Bull. Str. Settlem. Io: 289-290 (1939); ubique tantum quoad
descr., excl. syn. Hedycarpo malayano Jack.]

Baliospermum malayanum Hook. f. (pro sp. nov.), 1.c.: 463 (1888); Ridl., Fl. Mal.
Penins. 3: 313 (1924).
Cheilosa homaliifolia Merr. in Philipp. Journ. Sci., Bot. 8: 379 (1913); Pax &
K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. xIv: 50 (1919); Merr., Enum.

Philipp. Fl. P1l. 2: 457 (1923); Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. & Harms,
Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19c: 181 (1931); synon. nov.
Ch. homaliifolia var. grandifolia Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. l.c.; synon.
nov.
Cheilosa sp.; Merr. in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 1921, Spec. No.: 346
(1921).
Scortechinia malayana (Hook. f.) Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 5: 332 (1925), in obs.
(based upon Baliospermum malayanum Hook. f.)
MALAY PENINSULA. (Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, Malacca*,

Singapore); see Ridley, ll.cc.
SARAWAK. Near Kuching, I March 1893, Haviland & Hose 3231:--'Each
cell with 2 pendulous ovules'. Near Long Kapa, Mount Dulit (Ulu Tinjar),
c. 500 m. alt., primary forest on steep spur of mountain, 25 Aug. 1932,
Native Collector for Richards 1442:-'Tree 8 1 ft. high, 13 ins. diam. Fls.
greenish.'
NORTH BORNEO. Temburong distr., N. slopes of Bukit Patoi, 75 m. alt.,
6 April 1957, Smythies, Wood & Ashton SAN I74O6:-'Tree, height 85 ft.'
PHILIPPINES (Leyte, Samar, Dinagat, Mindanao); see Merrill, ll.cc.
For most of the above synonymy I am indebted to manuscript notes left
by Dr. E. J. H. Corner, on sheets of Baccaurea malayana, received on loan from
the Herbarium of the Forest Research Institute, Kepong, Selangor, Malaya.

It should be noted that the name Cheilosa malayana is based upon Baliospermum malayanum Hook. f., not upon Baccaurea malayana. The latter, as used
by Hooker in the 'Flora of British India', was a new combination based upon
a misidentification of fruiting specimens of Cheilosa with Hedycarpus malayanus
Jack. Hooker had only Jack's description to go upon (the type material, from
Sumatra, having been lost), but, as Corner has pointed out (l.c. supra),
there is every reason to believe that Jack's plant was a true Baccaurea. The
combination Baccaurea malayana (Jack) King ex Hook. f. must therefore
belong to this (Sumatran) plant and cannot form the basis for a new combination in Cheilosa. It is a curious accident that Hooker, a year later, should
* Maingay 3278 (Kew Distr. I455), type of Baliospermum malayanum Hook. f.

have employed the same epithet when describing flowering material of the
Cheilosa as a new species of Baliospermum.
The superficial resemblance of dried specimens of Cheilosa both to Baccaurea
and to Baliospermum is very striking. The closest affinity of the genus, however, is probably with Neoscortechinia Pax (Scortechinia Hook. f., non Saccardo;
Alcinaeanthus Merr.).
I have given details of the Bornean records known to me, since these
appear not to have been hitherto published. Haviland & Hose 3231, which
has leaves up to 35 X 16 cm., would fall under Merrill's Ch. homaliifolia var.
grandifolia (vide supra), but I do not believe that this is a significant variation.
Ch. malayana differs from Ch. montana Bl., of Java, the type species of the
genus, principally in the greater size of all its parts. A third species, Ch.
whiteana Croiz., was described from Luzon in the Philippines by Croizat
(in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 507 (1942)); but after studying the isotype preserved at Kew I feel great doubt about the correctness of the generic attribu-
tion, and think that more probably the genus Trigonostemon Bl. (s.1.) is
represented. The strongly trinerved leaf-base is wrong for Cheilosa. Unfortunately only Y flowers are present.
XLII. A NEW GENUS, PROBABLY OF SUMATRAN ORIGIN
(P. & H. 226/b)

Loerzingia Airy Shaw, gen. nov. (Euphorbiaceae-Jatropheae) ; Tapoidi Airy
Shaw ut videtur affinis, quoad folia vix distinguenda, floribus etiam dioecis,
sed inflorescentiis ? (S adhuc ignotis) terminalibus vel subterminalibus

paniculatis, ramis paucis elongate pseudo-racemiformibus re vera e cymis
lateralibus abortu I-floris sistentibus, pedunculis pedicellisque elongatis,
sepalis inaequalibus late rotundatis fere liberis valde imbricatis, petalis
magnis crassiusculis, inflorescentia tota adpresse fulvo-puberula, satis
distincta.
Flores masculi ignoti. Flores feminei: Sepala 5, basi in receptaculum late

cupuliforme breviter connata, suborbicularia, inaequalia, valde imbricata,
carnosula. Petala 5 (-7), obovata, interdum apice emarginata, intus basi
breviter tomentella. Discus annularis, irregulariter denticulatus. Ovarium
subglobosum, levissime trilobum, dense fulvo-tomentosum. Styli 3, carnosi,
breves, latiusculi, in crura 2 crassa arcuato-approximata profundiuscule
divisi. Capsula ignota.-Arbor? laticifera. Folia alterna, elongate elliptica,
longe graciliter petiolata. Inflorescentiae terminales et subterminales, laxe
pseudo-paniculatae, adpresse puberulae, pedunculis pedicellisque elongatis.
Flores majusculi, petaliferi.--Species I, Sumatrana (?).
Loerzingia thyrsiflora Airy Shaw, sp. nov.

Arbor? (statura ignota). Rami usque 7 mm. crassi, teste collectore latice
brunnescente aquoso viscidulo scatentes, cortice pallide brunneo longitudinaliter striato glabrescente lenticellis parvis ellipticis quasi bilabiatis
satis numerosis notato. Folia alterna, ut videtur apicem ramorum versus
conferta, patentia, elliptica, 24-32 cm. longa, 7'5-9 cm. lata, basi et apice
subaequaliter cuneato-angustata, apice breviter acuminata, acutissima,
integerrima, tenuiter chartacea, costa supra excepta glaberrima; costa
gracilis, supra in sulco prominula, sub lente interdum basin versis parcissime
adpresso-puberula, subtus prominens, glabra, nervis lateralibus 10o-I2-jugis
366
KEW
BULLETIN
gracilibus supra subplanis infra prominentibus sursum arcuato-adscendentibus (pari infimo marginibus subparallelo); petiolus gracillimus, 6-II cm.
longus, I-2 mm. crassus, minute adpresse puberulus vel glabrescens, basi
inconspicue pulvinatus, apice pulvino 6-7 mm. longo vix incrassato auctus,
glandulis 2 parvis subulatis caducis juxta laminam instructus. Folia floralia
(seu bracteae) similia sed multo minora, I 1-12 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata. Inflores-
centia laxe subpyramidalis, e ramo centrali 18 cm. longo et ramis 4-5
lateralibus 5-18 cm. longis sistens, tota brevissime adpresse fulvo-pubescens,
ramo centrali I3-floro, ceteris pauperioribus, rhachibus conspicue costatis

vel sulcatis vel applanatis. Pedunculi plerumque elongati, I-I "5 cm. longi, late
patentes, uniflori, apice conspicue incrassati et fulvo-tomentelli. Pedicelli

plerumque I--I-7 cm. longi, sed interdum breviores, pedunculo articulati;
bracteolae parvae, oblongae, 2-3 mm. longae, sericeae, ad vel prope
articulationem sitae, cito caducae. Calyx ex apice expanso pedicelli enatus,

basi ruguloso-incrassata velut receptaculum latum fulvo-sericeum efformante. Sepala suborbicularia, crassiuscula, valde inaequalia, 4-6 mm. diametro, margine anguste membranaceo erosulo, dorso adpresse subsericea,
intus fere glabra. Petala 5-7, oblongo-obovata, teste collectore 1-2-1"5 cm.
longa, siccitate 6-7 mm. tantum longa, apice rotundata, carnosula, alba,
margine ?- irregulari vel emarginato, basi intus breviter tomentella. Discus
annularis, humilis, basin ovarii cingens. Ovarium circiter 5 mm. diametro,
dense setosum. Styli 6, crassiusculi, apice bifidi, 2-3 mm. longi, patentiadscendentes. Fructus ignotus.
N. SUMATRA. East Coast Res.: Medan, Kampong baru, A.V.R.O.S.

Experiment Station, alt. c. 30 m., planted, 5 Aug. 1935, Lirzing 17063
(Herb. Lugd.-Bat.; dupl. in Herb. Kew.):-'Friiher Frachte gesammelt
vom selbigen Baum. Saft der Zweige vor allem [in] Mark [und] Rinde,
brdunlich-waisserig, etwas klebend. Blatter oberseits glinzend, gesittigt
griin, unterseits fast matt, hellgrtin. Bltitenstande terminal-rispig, z.T.
beblittert oder aber die unteren Zweige mehr beblittert-rispig (nur etwas
kleiner), einzelne Zweige mit einer Blite, tiefer mehrzahlig traubenartig.
BlIten nur Y, ? 2 cm. breit, schwach duftend. Kelchblatter 5, ziemlich
fleischig, hellgruin, am Fusze schwach verwachsen, einen glockigen, fleischi-
gen Bliiten[grund bildend], 2 auszere fast halbkreisf6rmig, - 4 mm. lang,

2 innere breit-verkehrt-eirund, etwas kronenartig, oft schwach auswdrts
gekriimmt oder aber oben ? muschelf6rmig, am breiten, runden Gipfel ein
wenig ausgefressen; das 5. Kelchblatt zwischen den anderen etwas [die]
Mitte haltend; alle auszen fein anliegend behaart, innen fast kahl. Kronblitter 5-7, weisz, etwas derb, wenn mehr wie 5, dann ziemlich bis sehr
ungleich, die gr6szeren verkehrt-eirund oder etwas schmiler, I --I1 cm.
lang, am Gipfel breit abgerundet und -- ungleich berandet (z. B.
oben eingeschnitten), innen am Fusze kurz-filzig, ein 6. oder ev. 7. (innen)

kleiner und breiter, bis sehr klein. Diskus den Fruchtknoten am Fusze
umgebend, ringf6rmig, wenig hoch, ungleich gezihnelt. Fruchtknoten fast
kugelig, schwach 3-lappig, 5-6 mm. breit, fast [eben] so hoch, hellgrdin,
dicht kurzhaarig; Narben 3, dicht beisammen, fleischig, hellgelbgrtin,
kurz und breit, 2-3 mm. lang, aufsteigend, je ziemlich tief in 2 bogig zu
einander hingekriimmte dicke Schenkel geteilt. Facher 3, je mit einer
relativ groszen Samenanlage.'
The very great similarity in vegetative characters between this plant and
Tapoi~des villamilii (CMerr.) Airy Shaw suggests the possibility that a con-

necting link, or links, may yet be found which will bridge the gap between
the two genera. For the present it seems best to underline the considerable
floral differences by keeping them generically apart. It is to be hoped that '
material, together with information on the wild locality and habitat, may
soon become available.
In accordance with my remarks on the affinities of Tapoides in Hooker's

'Icones Plantarum', t. 3632 (1962), the present genus is referred to tribe
Jatropheae in the wider sense as outlined by Pax in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147-:
I (1910).
In the material of L6rzing I7063 at Kew, all the petals and most of the
styles have fallen or been eaten by insects, but in the Leiden material, which
I have been able to examine by the kindness of the Director of that institution, some of these parts still remain, and I have therefore designated
this specimen as the holotype.
XLIV. AN UNEXPECTED SYNONYM IN GELONIUM ROXB.
(P. & H. 231)

As stated above (p. 348), two new species described by Gilg from New
Guinea and referred by him to the Flacourtiaceae are now found to be
Euphorbiaceous. The second of them, Bennettia papuana Gilg = Blumeodendron
papuanum Pax & K. Hoffm., has already been dealt with. The first of the two
was described by Gilg (Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 55: 283 (1918)) as Doryalis
macrodendron.
Gilg stated that 'die neue Art geh6rt nicht mit v6lliger Sicherheit zur
Gattung Doryalis; das .... Material... weicht... im Habitus von allen
bekannten Arten der Gattung stark ab.' But he felt that 'kein Zweifel iiber
die Zugeh6rigkeit unserer Pflanze zu den Euflacourtieae bestehen kann.'
Unfortunately no material of the type collection (Ledermann 7400) is present
at Kew, and Sleumer was unable to examine any elsewhere for his revis*on
of the Flacourtiaceae'for the 'Flora Malesiana', though he definitely excluded
it from that family and suggested that it might be Euphorbiaceous. I
believe that the figure (fig. 5, 1.c. 281) and certain points in the description
leave no doubt as to the generic identity of the plant. The green young
branches (when dry), the dense nerve-reticulation, and the leaf-opposed
inflorescences, covered with a gummy secretion, point unmistakably to the
genus Gelonium Roxb.
The only species hitherto recorded from New Guinea is G. papuanum Pax,
based upon Versteeg 1553. A duplicate of the type is present in the Kew
Herbarium, but as this is a ? plant, and Doryalis macrodendron was based
upon a 6' specimen, no comparison of floral details is possible. I have very
little doubt, however, that the two are conspecific, and G. papuanum may well
ultimately be reduced to one of the earlier described species. Specific
distinctions in Gelonium are extremely uncertain.
Gelonium papuanum Pax in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. IV: 20 (1912) et in

Engl. & Harms, Nat. Pflanzenf., ed. 2, 19c: 183 (I1931).
Doryalis macrodendron Gilg in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 55: 283, 281, fig. 5 (1918),
et in Engl., Nat. Pflanzenf., ed. 2, 21: 441, fig. 202 (1925); (Dovyalis)
Sleumer in Fl. Males., ser. I, 5(I): Io05-6 (1954); synon. nov.
368
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BULLETIN
XLV. A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS NEOSCORTECHINIA PAX

& K. HOFFM.
(P. & H. 232)

KEY TO THE SPECIES
No evident glands at apex of petiole; leaves smaller, mostly obovate,

coriaceous, glabrous, drying dark purplish brown; inflorescence
smaller, loose-flowered, thinly puberulous, pedicels sometimes rather
thick .a.......... . .................* 4. N. kingii
A pair of conspicuous raised glands on upper surface of apex of petiole;

leaves larger, not usually drying so dark; inflorescence larger, denserflowered, sparingly or densely pubescent, pedicels slender:
Leaves drying green or yellowish, thin in texture, usually strongly
glandular-crenate-dentate; inflorescence large and pyramidal
I. N. sumatrensis
Whole plant (except upper leaf-surface and sepals) ? softly and

shortly fulvous-puberulous; leaves broadly elliptic or obovate
var. sumatrensis
Leaves glabrous below, narrowly elongate-elliptic or oblong or oblan-
ceolate, 17-31 cm. long ...... . var. angustifolia
Leaves drying some shade of pale or reddish-brown (rarely dark brown),

or greenish-brown, but not a clear green:
Leaves coriaceous, usually strongly crenate, base usually rounded or

even cordate; inflorescence large, shortly fulvous- or cinereous-
puberulous .. ....... 2. N. nicobarica (N. arborea)
Leaves usually thinner and less strongly crenate, often appearing sub-
entire, or glandular-dentate, base ? cuneate, often drying ?
reddish below; inflorescence smaller, thinly adpressed-puberulous
or glabrescent .. ....... 3. N. forbesii (N. coriacea)
I. Neoscortechinia sumatrensis S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 63, Suppl.:

99 (1925).
var. sumatrensis.
MALAY PENINSULA. Johore: S. Berassau, Mawai-Jemaluang Road, in

swamp, low alt., 28 Apr. 1935, Corner 29297; S. Sedili, Mawai, low alt., 13
May 1935, Corner 29283.
SUMATRA. Palembang: Bukit Buku, nr. Nepal Litjin, R. Rawas, Forbes
3162 (type); East Coast, sine loc. exact. vel dat., Tates lo89.
SARAWAK. Baram District, Entoyut River, Dec. 1894, Hose 395. Matang,
Jan. 1915, Ridley s.n. Kuching distr., Sg. Semengoh For. Res., alt. 45 m., 15
Dec. 1953, D. Muas 1862:-'Small tree'. R. Kenaban, Upper Plieran, alt.

550 m., primary rain-forest, 28 Sept. & 5 Oct. 1955, Pickles S. 3543 &
S.3622:-'Tree 20-30 ft.' Vernacular names (Kayan): lumok; kalirang.
NORTH BORNEO ? Sine loc. exact. vel dat., Lowe s.n.
var. angustifolia Airy Shaw, var. nov., foliis elongate ellipticis vel
oblongis 17-31 cm. longis 5'5-8'5 cm. latis subtus glaberrimis.

NORTH BORNEO. Umas-umas, Tawau, hill, alt. 15 m., 5 July 1934, Kamis
(B.N.B. For. Dept.) 4272 (typus, Herb. Kew.):-'Tree 40 ft. high, 12 ins.
girth; flower yellow'. Vernacular name (Brunei): tambalikan. Sandakan,

Kabili For. Res., top of hill, 22 March 1935, Otik (B.N.B. For. Dept.) 4370:'Tree io ft. high, 2 ins. girth; flower green'. Sandakan, Mile 15, level land,
13 April 1935, Castro (B.N.B. For. Dept.) 4444: 'Tree 40 ft. high, 14 ins.
girth; flower olive green'. Vernacular name (Murut): talu talu. Sepilok For.
Res., Elopura, Sandakan, Compt. 13, level land, 18 Oct. 1947, Kadir
(B.N.B. For. Dept.) A. 519 (? fl. and fr.):-'Tree 15 ft. high, 3 ins. girth;
flower greenish white'. Vernacular name (Labuk): sobongipad.
N. sumatrensis differs strongly from the remaining species in the green or
yellowish colour which it assumes on drying. The North Bornean form

differs from that of Sarawak, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula in the
longer, narrower, more oblong leaves, glabrous beneath.
2. Neoscortechinia nicobarica (Hook. f.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl.,

Pflanzenr. IV. 147. xiv (Euph.-Add. vI): 53 (1919); Chatterjee in Kew Bull.
4: 564 (1950).
Scortechinia nicobarica Hook. f. in Hook., Ic. P1. 18, sub t. 17o6 (Nov. 1887),
et in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 367 (Dec. 1887).
Alchornea arborea Elm., Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1274 (191 I), synon. nov.
Alcinaeanthus arboreus (Elm.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147.
vii: 415 (1914).
Scortechinia arborea (Elm.) Merr. in Philipp. Journ. Sci. I I, Bot.: 75 (1916).

Neoscortechinia arborea (Elm.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147-
xiv (Euph.-Add. vI) : 52 (I919).
Scortechinia paniculata Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 5: 332 (1925), synon. nov.
BURMA (see Chatterjee, 1.c.); NICOBARS; SUMATRA; MALAY PENINSULA
(Pahang, Selangor); NORTH BORNEO; PHILIPPINES.
Although only a leaf and a broken fruit from the type collection of N.
nicobarica are preserved at Kew, there is no doubt but that this little-known
species is conspecific with the widely distributed N. arborea (Elm.) Pax & K.
Hoffm., and also with Scortechinia paniculata Ridl.; it therefore provides the
earliest name for the aggregate species. The leaf of this species is character-
istic and unmistakable. (I have since found the same opinion as to this
synonymy expressed long ago by C. X. Furtado, in sched. in Herb. Kepong,
ad For. Guard Darus 12406, under date 4 April 1928.)
3. Neoscortechinia forbesii (Hook. f.) C. T. White in Journ. Arn. Arb.

31: 93 (1950).
Scortechinia forbesii Hook. f. in Hook., Ic. P1. 18, sub t. 17o6 (Nov. 1887),
in obs.; Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. xiv (Euph.-Add.
vi): 53 (1919).
Neoscortechinia coriacea Merr. in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (P1. Elm. Born.):
164 (1929), synon. nov.
Alcinaeanthus philippinensis Merr. in Philipp. Journ. Sci. 7, Bot.: 380 (1912),

synon. nov.
A. parvifolius Merr. in Philipp. Journ. Sci. 9, C: 461 (1914), synon. nov.

Neoscortechinia arborea var. parvifolia (Merr.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl.,
Pflanzenr. IV. 147. XIV (Euph.-Add. vI): 52 (1919).
370
KEW
BULLETIN
MALAY PENINSULA. Kedah: Sik distr., Bukit Enggang, alt. 90 m., 3 July
1956, For. Gd. Beisit KEP 81 183. Selangor: S. Tinggi, Kuala Selangor, low
alt., 16 Oct. 1937, Md. Nur 34I09. Johore: S. Kayu, Mawai-Jemaluang
Road, low alt., in swampy forest, 14 Apr. 1935, Corner 29250. Vernacular
name: beki.
SUMATRA. Palembang: near Napal Litjen, 750 m., 1881, Forbes 3164:-
'Shrub'.
NORTH BORNEO. Near Tawao, Elmer; see Merrill, 1.c. (I929). Bettotan,
Sandakan, top of hill, alt. 45 m., 23 March 1935, Puasa (B.N.B. For. Dept.)
4554:-'Tree 30 ft. high, 14 ins. girth; flower olive green'. Vernacular name
(Sungei): rambai. Ibid., top of hill, alt. 52 m., 7 May 1935, Puasa (B.N.B. For.
Dept.) 4648:-'Tree 25 ft. high, I2 ins. girth; fruit grey'. Vernacular name
(Kedayan): kayu karing. Kabili For. Res., Elopura, Sandakan F.D., Compt.
16, alt. 6 m., 14 Dec. 1947, Kadir (N.B. For. Dept.) A 656:-'Tree 50 ft. high,
21 ins. girth; fruit greenish yellow'. Vernacular name (Mangalong) : lonchuan.
Sandakan distr., Sepilok For. Res. (15 miles W. of Sandakan), Compt. 14,
alt. 21 m., 24 April 1955, Wood & Charrington SAN 15376:-'Tree, height
70 ft.' Sandakan distr., Sepilok For. Res., S.P. 17, Compt. 8, alt. 75-105 m.,
13 May 1958, Nicholson & Charrington SAN 17743:-'Tree, height 50 ft.'.
Vernacular name: agar-agar. Sandakan distr., Jalan Hujong Tanjong,
Sepilok, primary forest, hillside, I June 1960, W. Meijer SAN 21720:-'Tree,
15 m. bole (diam. 20o cm.), 5 m. crown. Bole fluted, mottled, red-brown on

the exposed places, thin outer bark 1 mm. Some spreading buttresses I m.
Inner bark red-brown, brown near cambium. Sapwood pale ochre.' Ibid., 22
Aug. 1960, Singh SAN 22517.
E. BORNEO. Berouw, Mapulu, at base of Mt. Ilas Mapulu, alt. 300oo m.,
sandstone and lime, 20 Sept. 1957, Kostermans 13970 (v. young fruit):-'Tree
20 m., diam. 35 cm.' Vernacular name (Bassap-Mapulu): lakangan.

PHILIPPINES: see Merrill, ll.cc.
NEW GUINEA and SOLOMON IS.: see C. T. White, l.c.

The name Scortechiniaforbesii was published by J. D. Hooker with a very
brief diagnosis ('with shorter, more turgid capsules, and broader leaves'
[than Scortechinia kingii Hook. f.]), but was not a nomen nudum as stated
erroneously by Merrill (1914) and by Pax & K. Hoffmann, l.c. (See also C.
T. White, 1.c. 94.) Comparison of the quite good type specimen preserved
at Kew with an isotype of N. coriacea Merr. leaves no doubt of the specific
identity of the two.
The species occupies an intermediate position between N. nicobarica

(Hook. f.) Pax & K. Hoffm. and N. kingii (Hook. f.) Pax & K. Hoffm.,
approaching sometimes the one, sometimes the other. From the former it
differs in its usually less coriaceous and less crenate-dentate leaves, which are
? cuneate at the base, and in the very thinly adpressed-puberulous 3
inflorescence; from the latter in its larger leaves, often drying reddish
below, and in the presence of conspicuous glands at the apex of the petiole.
The 'more turgid' fruit, noted by Hooker for the eastern plant, seems not to
hold good for the western populations; I do not consider it to be of specific
importance.
C. T. White was inclined to unite N.forbesii with N. arborea (Elm.) Pax &
K. Hoffm. (= N. nicobarica). The species are admittedly close, but I have
found very few specimens where I was in doubt as to the identity, and I
therefore consider it practical to maintain them as distinct species.
4. Neoscortechinia kingii (Hook.f.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr.
IV. 147. XIV (Euph.-Addit. vI): 52 (i919); S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 63,
Suppl.: 1oo (1925)var. kingii
Scortechinia kingii Hook. f. in Hook., Ic. P1. 18: t. I706 (Nov. 1887) et in
Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 367 (Dec. 1887); Merr. in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.
Soc. 1921, Spec. No.: 346 (1921); Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 251 (1924)SUMATRA: see S. Moore, 1.c.
MALAY PENINSULA (Perak; Selangor; Malacca): see Ridley, 1.c.

BORNEO. Sarawak: see Merrill, i.c. Brunei: Seriah Oilfields, swamp
jungle,
9 Aug.
1938,
Symingtonr
35710o. near
Vernacular
name:
bantas. N.
Sipitang
distr.,
Kampong
Mengalong,
bank of
Mengalong
R.,Borneo:
27 Aug.
1955, G. H. S. Wood SAN 16437:-'Tree, height 65 ft.' E. Borneo: Loa

Djanan, W. of Samarinda, sandy loam-soil ridge, alt. 30 m., 17 Apr. 1942,
Kostermans 6473 (young fruit):--'Tree 15 m., bole IO m., diam. 30 cm.'
var. pedicellata Airy Shaw, var. nov., inflorescentiis laxioribus minus

pubescentibus, pedicellis longioribus et crassioribus 2-3 mm. longis.
SARAWAK. Near Kuching, Oct. 1892, Garaman for Haviland 1887; ibid.,
30 Oct. 1894, Haviland & Hose 3659A, 3659K (typus, Herb. Kew.).
The laxer and less puberulous inflorescences of this plant give it a very
different appearance from the type, but the foliage seems indistinguishable.
I agree with the opinion expressed by Ridley, Fl. Mal. Penins. 5: 332
(1925), that the genus Neoscortechinia (and, I would add, the related Cheilosa)
should probably be excluded from the Euphorbiaceae. The foliage and fruits
recall some of the Flacourtiaceae (e.g. Homalium, Poliothyrsis, Carrierea), or of
Ctenolophon (Linaceae? Ctenolophonaceae? Malpighiaceae?). The thin but rigid,
curved, excentric, persistent placenta in the capsules of all these genera

(except Homalium) should be particularly noted. There are a number of
other genera which should also probably be removed from the Euphorbiaceae,
but it must be confessed that natural dividing lines between that family
and, e.g., the Flacourtiaceae and Sterculiaceae are very hard to find. The
unisexuality of the flowers does not provide a natural division.
XLVI. ELATERIOSPERMUM BLUME IN SIAM
(P. & H. 226)
Elateriospermum tapos BI., Bijdr.: 621 (1825); Pax in Engl., Pflanzenr.

IV. 147. I: 17 (1910); Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 252 (1924); Corner, Wayside Trees of Malaya I: 249 (1940 & 1952).
SIAM. Pattani: Betong, evergreen forest, c. 200 m., 24 Aug. 1923 (fr.),
Kerr 7645:-'Tree, c. io m. high; nuts edible'. Puket: Kuan Pra, Ampo Kao
Kao, 30 July 1929 (fr.), Rabil 254:-'Growing plentifully on Kuan Pra.
Fruit edible.'
372
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BULLETIN
XLVII. GLYPHOSTYLUS GAGNEPAIN IN SIAM
(P. & H. 247)

Glyphostylus loaticus Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 871 (1925), et
in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indoch. 5: 402 (1926); Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. &
Harms, Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19c: 195 (1931).
SIAM. Rachasima: Korat, Lat Bua Kao, 9 Nov. 1931 (?), Put 4361.
Udawn: Ban Sri Rak Sa, Pu Wieng, evergreen forest, 18o m., 31 March
1933, Lakshnakara 1352:-'Shrub; fl. red.'
Gagnepain describes the unripe fruits as being 7 X 7 mm. in size, but a

ripe dehisced capsule on Put 436j is scarcely larger than this.
Korat lies 350 miles [56o km.] due south of Luang Prabang, in Laos, where
the type was collected, whilst Pu Wieng is about midway between the two.
This interesting monotypic genus is evidently closely related to Excoecaria.
XLVIII. THE GENUS STILLINGIA GARDEN IN E. MALAYSIA
(P. & H. 252)

The genus Stillingia, represented in the Americas by more than a score
of species, is known in the Old World only by three species in the Mascarene
region, and one in the Fiji Islands, in the Pacific. These Old World species
are shrubs or small trees, with somewhat fleshy and succulent stems, and are
referred by Pax (in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. v: 181-185 (1912)) to his
Section Pachycladae.
The Fijian species, Stillingia pacifica Muell.-Arg., is known from a aumber
of islands in the group, where it appears to be fairly common, but until

recently it has not been found outside this area. Within the last ten years,
however, it has been located in the Lesser Sunda Islands-in Eastern
Portuguese Timor, and in the island of Babar, some few miles farther to the
east. This very considerable extension of range-no less than 1500 miles
westward from Fiji-deserves to be placed on record.
Stillingia pacifica Muell.-Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15 (2): 1156 (1866); See-
mann, Fl. Vit.: 232 (1867); Pax in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. v: 183 (1912);
Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. & Harms, Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19c: 198 (193I1)
E. PORTUGUESE TIMOR. S. coast, near Lore, coastal Barringtonia forest, alt.
I-5 m., 20 Dec. 1953, van Steenisi8 184:-'Densely branched coarse shrub or
little tree, exactly like Cerbera [Apocynaceae] in habit, untidy; latex abundant, white; S and Y spikes on different twigs of the same plant; also lower
fl. Y, higher (. Stamens 2, supported by bract; flower supported by
transverse fleshy yellow thickening.'
BABAR I. Between Letwurung and Ahanari (E. Coast), coconut plantation,

low coral ground, 2 Mar. 1956, van Borssum Waalkes 3064:--'Tree, Iom. high.'
As remarked by Pax, Stillingia pacifica is very close to S. lineata (Lam.)

Muell.-Arg., of Mauritius and Riunion. Even the difference in the shape of
the glands below the bracts, pointed out by Pax (l.c. 184), does not seem
to hold. In general, however, the leaves of the Malaysian and Fijian populations are thinner and rather more markedly crenulate than those of the
Mascarene plants, and in view of the great geographical separation it may
for the present be best to maintain the Eastern populations in specific rank.

Airy Shaw 1963 Notes On Malaysian and Other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae

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Airy Shaw 1963 Notes On Malaysian and Other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae

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Notes on Malaysian and Other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae

Author(s): H. K. Airy Shaw

Volume 16, No. 3

XXVII. Rediscovery of Annesijoa Pax & K. Hoffm. in New

XXVIII. The fruit of Deutzianthus Gagnepain .. .. 346

XXX. An unexpected synonym in Blumeodendron (Muell.

XXXI. Limestone association of Mallotus wrayi .. .. 349

XXXII. Coccoceras Miquel reduced to Mallotus Lour. . 349

XXXIV. New records for W4etria macrophylla .. .. 353

XXXV. Further notes on Cephalomappa Baillon .. .. 353

XLI. An overlooked Ostodes from south India .. .. 362

XLII. Cheilosa Blume in Borneo .. .. . . 364

XLIII. A new genus, probably of Sumatran origin .. 365

XLV. A synopsis of the genus Neoscortechinia Pax & K. Hoffm. 368

XLVI. Elateriospermum Blume in Siam .. .. . . 37

Engl. & Harms, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, I9c (1931).

XX. BACCAUREA MINOR IN BILLITON AND BORNEO

(P. & H. 14)

'petilean n. ind.' (fruiting; type of Aporosa billitonensis Pax & K. Hoffm.).

hillside in undulating country, sandstone soil, alt.-?, 12 May 1960, D.

distribution; and the elongate infructescence could scarcely be that of an

Baccaurea minor Hook. f., belonging to the comparatively small section

occur elsewhere in the Federation. Its occurrence in the islands of Billiton

and Borneo is therefore of some interest. The specimens are an excellent

XXI. PROSORUS INDICUS IN BORNEO AND OTHER REGIONS

(P. & H. 29, Sect. XII, p.p.)

Kanehira, Formosan Trees (rev. ed.): 355, fig. 311 (1936).

BURMA. Bassein distr.: Chaungtha I., 13 April 19o6, Lace 3034.

NOTES ON MALAYSIAN AND OTHER ASIATIC EUPHORBIACEAE 343

forest on limestone rocks, 26 June 1960, J. A. R. Anderson 12740 :-'Small tree

9 ins. girth'. East Indonesian Borneo: E. Kutei (Sangkulirang subdiv.),

Vernacular name: kold kold mati.

JAVA AND KARIMON-JAVA IS.: see J. J. Smith, 1.c.

found, apparently, in Siam, Indo-China and the Malay Peninsula. J. J.

In the vast and polymorphic Phyllanthus circle of affinity, Prosorus seems to

represent a distinct and easily recognisable entity, and I am therefore

(following Haines and Gamble) retaining it on practical grounds. The

with which Prosorus is sometimes associated.

In addition to P. cyanospermus (Gaertn.) Thw., endemic in Ceylon, the

Prosorus luzoniensis (Merr.) Airy Shaw, comb. nov.

et Enum. Philipp. Fl. P1. 2: 393 (1923).

XXIIH. LIMESTONE ASSOCIATION OF PHYLLANTHODENDRON

(P. & H. 29, Sect. XVIII)

XII (1939): see p. 71).

XXIII. FURTHER COLLECTION OF SAUROPUS MICRASTERIAS

SARAWAK. Kuching distr.: Tiang Bekap, Padawan Road, in dense shade

XXIV. FURTHER COLLECTION OF CHORICERAS TRICORNE

PAPUA. Dagwa, Oriomo River, Western Division, solitary plant on an

XXV. CROTON CASCARILLOIDES IN BORNEO AND SUMATRA

Croton cascarilloides Raeusch., Nomencl., ed. 3: 280 (1797); Merr. in

C. cumingii Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34: IOI (1865) et in DC., Prodr. 15(2):

Soc. 17: 30, 70 (1939).

Additional material and extension of range:

BORNEO. British North Borneo, without exact locality, May-Aug. I918,

12 June 1953, van Borssum Waalkes I770o:-'Sprouting stump'.

Formosa, the Philippines, Hainan, Indo-China, Siam, and the Malay

Peninsula. It is also recorded by Merrill (ll.cc. supra) from Borneo, but is

NOTES ON MALAYSIAN AND OTHER ASIATIC EUPHORBIACEAE 345

XXVI. FURTHER SIAMESE COLLECTIONS OF

(P. & H. 85/a)

Already recorded from Banang Sta, on the basis of Kiah 24314, in my

In Kew Bull. 14: 361 (I96o) I commented on Ridley's supposed '3'

Malayan species of Kunstlerodendron (= Chondrostylis), saying that I had no