Viral- AIDS, chicken pox, common

cold,dengue fever,ebola,hepatitis,influenza,measles,mumps, mono,polio,rabies,rubella,small pox,west nile

fever, yellow feverBacteria- Anthrax, Botulism,cholera,chlamydiasis,dental caries(tooth
decay),legionnaires disease, lyme disease,MRSA,peptic ulcer disease,pertussis(whooping chough),rocky
mountain spotted fever,strep throught,syphilis,tetanus,tuberculosisFungal- Atheletes foot, Dutch elm
disease,ergotism,histoplasmis,potato blight,ringworm,thrushProtozoan+Alegal- Malaria,paralytic shellfish
poisoning, esturay associated syndrome, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosisPrion- scrapie, kuruDNA-Genetic
material Prions originate from Zip protiens Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies- neurodegenerative
diseases including Mad Cow Disease and kuruMicrovilli-projections that increase the cells surface area

cytoskeleton-reinforcescell'sshape,functionsincellmovement;componentsaremadeofprotein;includes
microfilament,intermediatefilaments,microtubuleschromatin-material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible
as individual chromosome in dividing cellgolgi complex-a complex that stores and distributes the
substances made inside the cell..vacuoles-... are small, temporary sac in the cytoplasm. They are used

as storage areas for liquids or fatsendoplasmic retidulum- is a series of channels used to transport
materials around the cellprotoplasm-the cell membrane, nucleus,and
cytoplasma are collectively call the... cytoplasma-the entire content of the cell, exclusive of the
nucleus, and bounded by the plasma membrane Perxisome-organelle with various specialized
metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide lysosome-digestive organelle where
macromolecules are hydrolyzed semipermeable-means that it lets some substance pass through it but
not othersnucleus contains-chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear envelope not in animal cells-chloroplast,
central vacuole and tonoplast, cell wall, plasmodesmata
Prions-Prions (proteinaceous infectious particles) are infectious proteins that are responsible for a class of diseases known as the Transmissible
Spongiform Encephalopathies, which are neurodegenerative diseases including Mad Cow Disease and kuru. Prions destroy the tissue of the nervous
system, forming holes in the brain and nervous systems. Prion diseases all involve modification of the prion protein, a normal part of mammalian
cells. They are also all fatal and rapidly progressive. Like viruses, prions cannot replicate on their own and rely on other organisms. Unlike other
microbes, prions do not contain nucleic acids. Prions are thought to have originated from ZIP proteins.
Viruses
Viruses are microorganisms much smaller than bacteria that invade other cells in order
replicate. Viruses are responsible for a variety of diseases, such as chicken pox. The
origin of viruses is unclear; some may have come from plasmids (pieces of DNA that
can travel between cells) or transposons (pieces of DNA that can move themselves to
different places in a cell's genome) while others may have evolved from bacteria.
Some viruses, known as bacteriophages, infect bacteria. Their appearance is often
compared to that of an alien landing pod. Typically, their genome is composed of DNA
rather than the RNA of retroviruses. Other viruses, most famously Sputnik, infect other
viruses. These are known as virophages.
Viruses can be cause either lytic or lysogenic infections. In a lytic infection, the virus
injects its genome into the host cell, which cannot differentiate between viral DNA
and its own DNA. The cell begins to make mRNA from the viral DNA, which is then
made into viral proteins that destroy the cell's DNA. When the cell eventually shuts
down, the virus continues to use the cell to replicate. Enough viruses are made to
cause the cell to burst, or lyse. Hundreds or thousands of released viruses then go on
infect other cells.
In a lysogenic infection, a virus integrates its DNA into the host cell's DNA. This viral

Virus-need living hosts,do not

contain ribosomes,no cell wall, RNA
and DNA enclosed inside protein
coat.Bacteria-Can live
everywhere,cell wall ia contains
peptidoglycan,can form spores and
remain dormant.Fungus-cell wall
comoposed of chitin,can be both
asexual and
sexual,eukaryoticProtisteukaryotic,posses cilia or flagella,
have plasma membranes Prioncaused by protein,reproduces by
making other protiens
misfold,always fatalCell membranethin layer of protein and fat
centrosome-near the nucleus where
microtubule are made cytoplasmjellylike material inside cellGoolgi
body- sac organelle that produces
membranes that surround
lysosomes. Packages protiens and
carbs.Mithocondrion /chloroplastconverts energy to ATPRibosomecomposed of RNA granules;for

to

to

DNA is known as a prophage. The propahge remains dormant in the cell's DNA for several generations before becoming active, leaving the cell's DNA,
and directing the synthesis of new viral proteins. HIV, which causes AIDS, is a lysogenic virus.
Cellular MicrobesCellular microbes are microbes that are made up of cells. Their are two main types of cellular
microbes; prokaryotes andeukaryotes. Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes with their lack of nuclei and membrane bound organelles.
Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled, prokaryotic microorganisms. Some bacteria are beneficial to humans while others are pathogenic, but a majority of
bacteria are harmless to humans. Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a variety of diseases including strep throat and tetanus. Bacteria come in 3
shapes: coccus(circular), bacillus (rod-shaped), and spirillum (spirally). Bacteria originate from the single-celled organisms that were the first to
inhabit the Earth. two other types are photoheterotrophs (including purple and green non-sulfur bacteria) and chemoheterotrophs (including most
bacteria, animals, fungi, and protozoa). Motile bacteria may utilize rotating flagella to move, or they may secrete slime to slide around like a slug.
Bacteria may also be nonmotile.ArchaeaArchaea are a group of single-celled microorganisms that were previously thought to be bacteria. Archaea

are prokaryotes. Their origin and potential for causing disease are currently unclear; however, archaea are thought to be ancestors of eukaryotes or
very close descendants because of their many similarities, including genes and inclusion of enzymes in translation and transcription processes. Unlike
bacteria, no known species of archaea form spores.Archaea are capable of living in extreme habitats and anaerobic environments. They are
extremely tolerant to heat, acid, and toxic gases. Archaea are variously involved in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, assist in digestion, and can be
used in sewage treatment.FungiFungi are eukaryotic organisms that can be single-celled or multi-celled. Fungi have cell walls composed of chitin,
unlike the cellulose walls of plants. Fungi are heterotrophic and do not have chloroplasts like photoautotrophs. They grow best in slightly acidic
environments and can grow in areas of low moisture. Technically, fungi are more closely related to animals than they are to plants and likely shared a
common ancestor withanimals. Fungi are responsible for diseases such as athlete's foot. Bakers yeast (a fungi) is used for bread and brewing. Some
fungi are used for antibiotics and others are important decomposers in the ecosystem.
ProtistsProtists are eukaryotic but do not have specialized tissues. Algal protists are similar to plants and can go through photosynthesis,
but do not have cuticles that prevent water loss. As a result algal protists must live in water. Animal like protists are called protozoa and
are eukaryotic and heterotrophic. These protists consume other protists and bacteria for food. Some have two nuclei: the macronucleus and
the micronucleus. Many move with cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia (in the case of amoebae). They also have complex life cycles. For example,
they may exist in a trophozoite, or feeding, form. They can also change into a dormant form known as a cyst, which can help in reproduction.