PDHPE notes core 3- fitness choices

Focus question 1- what does exercise mean to

different people
1. Meaning of exercise
to feel more energized
lose/maintain weight
improve self-esteem
be able to handle daily stresses
reduce risk of illness
improve fitness
enjoyment
Exercise as a form of physical activity

modern lifestyle and technological advancea have reduced amount of

physical activity mecessary to cary out our day to day function
a trend towards more organized, structured physical activity and have
witnessed the boom of fitness industries and expansion of home
exercise equipment

Exercise and its relationship to fitness

many different opinons on what being fit means
some meaning competing sports at competitive levels
others feel fit to have enough energy to get them through the day
exercise has a direct, positive relationship to both health related
components and skill related on fitness

Cardio
respiratory
fitness

Social
Interaction

Exercise
can
improve

Agility
Strength
Body
compositio
n

All Aspects of
Health
Determinates

2. The value that people place on exercise and fitness

Changing attitudes to fitness

Some improvements in level of physical activity
Expansion of fitness industry and societys obsession with looking
attractive has seen addition pressure by media
Fitness as a commodity
Global expansion of fitness related businesses
Fitness centers provide a range of services
Services include
- Personalized fitness programs
- Group exercise programs
- Weight loss/gain programs
- Crches
- Personal trainers
- Exercise DVDs
- Nutritional advice
- Equipment based on the latest technology
Fitness centers come in all shapes and sizes
Own personality largely based on its ownership and operating team
Fitness centers available servicing needs of a vast array of people
Must consider the following
- Price
- Location
- Staff qualifications
- Hours
- Numbers of members
- Amenities
- Equipments
- Atmosphere
- Clientele
- Cleanliness

3. What are the ways people choose to exercise for

fitness
Individual fitness actitivies
Power walking: brisk walking as a form of aerobic exercise, free, dont
need to join any type of fitness group
Swimming: propelling one through water using the limbs, may be
expensive, paying for pool fees, using local leisure or gym centers
Cycling: activity which involves riding a bicycle, 3 main forms- road
racing, pursuit and cycle- cross

Weight training programs- lifting weights, costs include gym fess and it
can be done anywhere in gyms
Tai Chi- involves slow breathing while performing ritual movements, no
costs and can be do anywhere

Focus question 2- what influences peoples choice of

fitness activities
1. Settings for exercise
Exercise at home
Very functional
Cheap and time efficient
Main disadvantage is trying to maintain motivation
May be lack of space
Community facilities
Provides for public use
Including leisure centers, golf courses, playing fields, tennis courts,
cycle and running tracks
Occur because of:
- Isolated communities without access to commercial fitness
- Community sporting teams looking to improve training
- Education authorities interested in increasing pa for children
- Passionate community residents with an interest in pa
Fitness Centers and Personal Trainers
Provides a safe environment for exercise and is supervised by trained
personnel
Allows usage of specific exercise equipment and offer kinds of
activities that interest you
Must analyses the:
- location
- Activities
- support and staff
- business practice
- membership
- Atmosphere
personal trainer is usually trained and certified
works with individuals or small groups to help achieve greater levels of
fitness
normally begins work by evaluating health history of trainee
encourage them to discuss an exercise program with physician
a person trainer
- Helps you make the best use of your exercise time
- Helps you with technique
- Monitors your progress

Adjusts your exercise program in response to your changing fitness

level
Offers sound advice on your health and lifestyle choices
Varies your exercise options to keep you motivated, interested and
enjoying your workouts

Exercise clubs
Relatively cheap
Common types include running, swimming, dancing and bush walking
Meet weekly or fortnightly
Offers a lot of benefits
Including:
- Social and fun environment
- Safe and effectively workout
- Consistent exercise schedule
- Accountability factor for participation in exercise

2. Advertising and promotion

How do you know whom to believe
Ask the following questions
Is the product or service endorsed by groups such as the heart
foundation
Does the person providing the service have qualifications in a related
field
Does the product or service sound too good to be true
Promotional techniques
Designed to entice consumers to be product or service
Can be found on TV
Techniques include testimonials by athletes or members of public that
have used product or service
Accuracy of information
Services and products offer information that is misleading
Illegal to give false info
Recommended ask questions to determine legitimacy of produce
Ethics of advertising
Should abide by fitness industry code of practice
Aims to prevent misleading advertising in fitness industry
Ensure consumer obtains a high quality produce

3. Motivators and barriers to participation

Access to facilities

major factor affecting an individuals involvement

living in isolated communities or low socioeconomic status suffer
access problems
Convenience of use
Common excuse for not exercising
Modern lifestyle are busy, often say they would be more likely to be
physically active if facilities were more convenient to use
May be in form of cycle way or fitness Centre
Cost
Opt not to exercise due to expenses
There are many activities that are cheap or free
e.g. walking, running, swimming and many exercise clubs
Feeling about fitness and exercise
Embarrassment, not believing fitness is achievable for them or a fear of
failure
May be because of poor self esteem or body image
Should be fun and not intimidating
Exercise as a priority
Make exercise a priority in lifestyle
Know and recognize health benefit of regular exercise
Easier to make excuses and choose other activities to fill day
Pressure to meet work/family commitments
Influence of other responsibilities
Complain of being time poor
Adults support children in schooling and extra curricular activities
Put their needs ahead of own

Core 3- First Aid

Focus Question: what are the main priorities for

assessment management of first aid patients?
1.Setting priorities for managing a first aid situation
and assessing the casualty

Protect

First Aid
Aims To

Preserve life

Prevent
Further
Injury

Access
Medical
Support

Promote
Recovery

Situational Analysis
Must provide, treat casualties and administer first aid
Essential that the first aider does not panic
Analyse the situation, carefully observing scenario and take
appropriate course of action
Determine what has happened, how many casualties are involved and
nature of their injuries

Priority assessment procedures

Call 000 immediately to activate emergency services
They will ask questions such as:
- What is the exact location of incident/accident
- What is the phone phone number from which you are calling
- What has happened
- How many people are hurt/sick
- What is the nature of the casualties injuries
- How old is the causualty
- Is the casualty conscious
- Is the casualty breathing
remain calm
DRSABCD
D- Check for danger
R- check for response
S- send for help
A- check airways
B- check for breathing
C- Give CPR
D- attach defibrillators

STOP
S- Stop
T- Talk
O- Observe
P- Prevent further injury

Crisis management
CPR- most successful when administrated as quickly as possible, must
determine if it is necessary.

Bleeding- small cut as well as deep cuts and amputations, can result in
internal bleeding.
elevate wound
Apply pressure to the wound hold a sterile pad or bandage over
wound.
Shock- not enough blood circulating around your body, may stem from
uncontrolled bleeding, severe burns and spinal injuries- emotional distress or
sudden fright.
follow DRSABCD
Raise legs
Neck and Spinal injury- falls, sporting injuries and car accidents.
Support head
Apply cervical collar if available
Moving the casualty- only done if absolutely necessary
Drag method
Human crutch method
Four- handed seat method
Chair lift
Firemans carry
Medical Referral- By standers send for medical help when first aid being done
state whether:
CPR was administrated
Loss of consciousness
Suspected spinal injury
Medical conditions e.g heart attack are suspected
Care of the unconscious casualty place in recovery position
Check breathing and pulse
Support head and neck
Attend to any other wounds
Keep warm

Focus Question 2: How should the major

types of injuries and medical conditions be
managed in first aid situations?
Injury
Cuts and
Lacerations

Signs and Symptoms

Skin being scrapped
Deep wound

Management and treatment

cleansing with sterile
pad

Fractures

Dislocations

Head
injuries and
concussions

Eye injuries

Nasal

Teeth

Electrocutio
n

Chest

Burn

Control bleeding

Immobilize injury with

splint
DRSABCD

Support injury
Start ice treatment

support head and neck

Control bleeding
Place in recovery
position

Avoid rubbing
Cover with sterile pad
Flush eye with dressing

Dont blow
Apply ice
Sit down with head
forward
Apply soft pressure by
squeezing with thumb/
index finger
Replant tooth
Or place in milk or
saliva
Place burns under call
running water
Call for help
DRSABCD
Place in comfortable
position
Reassure paitent

Pain
Loss of strength
Swelling and deformity
Loss of movement
Deformity
Swelling
Loss of strength
Pain
unconsciousness
Memory loss
Blurred vision
Headahce
Uneven pupil size
Nausea
Pain
Irritation
Redness
Swelling
Watering
Blood loss
Pain
Swelling
Deformity

Chipped
Broken and dislodged
Bleeding
Unconscious
Burns
Electrical appliance near
by
Pain
Short breathing
Breathing is painful and
difficult
Swelling/ tenderness
Blistered skin
Pain
Swelling
Shock

Cover with sterile

dressing
Hold under cold water
for 10mins
Remove any clothing or

near by Jewelry
Abdominal

Medical
Condition
Heart Attack

Stroke

Diabetes

Epilepsy

Asthma

Anaphylaxes

Pain
Difficult in breathing
Nausea
Blood in urnie

Signs and Symptoms

Crushing pain in middle

of chest
Fatigue
Dizziness
Difficulty in breathing
Fever
Collapse
Weakness in face
Slurred speech
Dizziness
Confusion
Coma
Loss of bladder/bowel
control
Dizziness
Nausea
Confusion
Rapid pulse
Shallow breathing

Grand mal loss of conscious

rigidity
Change in skin colour
Odd breathing
Muscular spasm
Loss of bladder control
Frothing of mouth
tightness of chest
difficulty in breathing
rapid and shallow
breathing
pale and sweaty skin
coughing
wheezing

selling of face/lips

Management Techniques

Loosen any clothing

Seeking medical help
asap
DRSABCD

Assist to comfortable
position
Seek Medical help
DRSABCD

If conscious Encourage to eat

sugary lollies
If not Seek medical help

Ensure area is safe

Dont restrain
Asset in comfy position
Reassure
Get medical
assistance

Reassure
Place in up right
position
Asset to reliever
medication
Seek medcial
assistance if no
improvement
Use medication

Poisoning

Bites and
Stings

Welts
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Tingling sensation
- Headache
- Drowsiness
- Blurred vision
- Shock
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain
- Vomitting
- Difficulty breathing
puncture marks
Pain at site
Swelling
Headache
Muscle weakness
Difficulty breathing
Shock
Nausea
Sweating
Joint pain
Abdominal pain

Seek medical help

DRSABCD
Control bleeding
Immobilize
Seek medical help

Reassure
Apply compression
bandage
Immobilze
Seek medical help
Remove any forgien
objects
Apply ice
Dont squeeze

Exposure to
heat and cold

Focus Question 3: What dies the individual

need to consider in administrating first aid
Physical environmentTraffic accidents
Be calm and methodical in actions
Consider your safety and by standers
Take time to have good look at scene before entering
Keep away from traffic
Infection control
HIV/AIDS
Use disposable gloves
Wear masks
Blood contaminated surfaces should be cleaned asap
Wash hands any other body part that comes in contact
Wear eye goggles
Blood Borne Viruses (Hep B/C)

Put gloves on
Remove contaminated clothing
Properly flush wounds
Rinsing eye mouth and nose if effected
Thoroughly pat dry area
Apply sterile dressing