1

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Marking Schedule

Form:
Booklet TWO of TWO

AS PHYSICS EXAMINATION

TERM 3 2016

Time allowed for all sections : 3 hours

Total marks for the exam : 180 marks

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.
Spend no more than 2 hrs on the questions in this booklet
The total marks for all the questions in Booklet TWO is 140 marks
Write your name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, and glue or correction fluid.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, detach the pages and hand in each question separately.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Booklet 2 is to be placed on the

floor, the right way up and
started when directed one hour
after booklet 1
Multi choice (Booklet 1 of 2) is
to be answered first

DATA
speed of light
permeability of free space

c 3.00 108 ms 1
0 4 10 7 Hm1

permittivity of free space

0 8.85 10 12 Fm1

elementary charge
the Planck constant
unified atomic mass constant
rest mass of electron

e 1.60 10 19 C
h 6.63 10 34 Js
u 1.66 10 27 kg
me 9.1110 31 kg

rest mass of proton

m p 1.67 10 27 kg

molar gas constant

the Avogadro constant
the Boltzmann constant
gravitational constant
acceleration of free fall

R 8.31 JK 1mol 1

k 1.38 10 23 JK 1
G 6.67 10 11 Nm2 kg 2
g 9.81ms 2

Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion

s ut 12 at 2

work done on/by a gas

gravitational potential
gravitational potential
hydrostatic pressure
pressure of an ideal gas
simple harmonic motion
velocity of particle in s.h.m.
electric potential
capacitors in series
capacitors in parallel
energy of charged capacitor
resistors in series
resistors in parallel
alternating current/voltage
radioactive decay
decay constant

1
4 0

8.99 109 mF 1 )

N A 6.02 10 23 mol 1

v 2 u 2 2as
W V
Gm

r
Gm

r
p gh
Nm
p 13
c2
V
a 2 x
v v0 cos t
V

4 0 r
1/C 1/C1 1/C 2 ...
C C1 C 2 ...
W 12 QV

R R1 R 2 ...
1/R 1/R 1 1/R 2 ...
x x0 sin t
x x0 exp( t )
0.693

t1
2

v ( x02 x 2

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Marker 1

1 a) Give Definitions for the following:

Total = 15 marks

i) Force:
Force is the rate of change of momentum of an object that is free to move.

[2]

ii) Couple:

A couple is two forces of equal magnitude, acting in opposite directions.

[2]

1 b) Make estimates of the following quantities.

(i) the thickness of a glad wrap (cling wrap)

0.05 to 0.2

thickness = ....................................... mm

[1]

(ii) the time for sound to travel 200 m in air

0.6 to 0.7
time = ...........................................
s

[1]

(iii) the weight of 1500 cm of water

14.5 to 15

weight = .......................................... N

[1]

1 c) A 52 kg cart moves from rest down a straight slope that is inclined at an angle of 8 to the
horizontal, as shown in Fig.1.

Fig 1
80
The constant force that opposes the motion of the cart is 18 N.
Calculate, for the cart moving down the slope,
(i) the component down the slope of the carts weight,

Falong-slope = mgsin
=

(52)(9.81)sin(8)

71
component of weight = ...........................................
N

[2]

Marker 1
1 c) (ii) show the time for the cart to travel a distance of 4.5 m along the length of the
slope is 2.97 s.

s = ut + at2

F = 71 -18 N
= 53 N

t2 =

(2)(4.5)

1.02

t2 = 8.82 s2

F = ma

t = 2.97 s

53 = 52a
a =

4.5 = (0)t + (1.02)t2

53
52

= 1.02 ms-2

2.97 s
time = ............................................
s

(iii)

[4]

the final velocity of the cart when it has reached the bottom of the slope.

v2 = u2 + 2as
= (0)2 + 2(1.02)((4.5)

or

s =

(+)
2

= 9.18
v = 3.02 ms-1

3.02/3.03
velocity = ............................................
ms-1

[2]

5
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a)

Marker 2

State Newtons second law.

The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the resultant force

acting on the object and takes place in the direction of the force
[1]
Total = 16 marks
b) Two ice pucks A and B shown in Fig 2, move on near frictionless ice as shown below and collide a
short time later.
Puck A:
500 g mass
VA = 20 ms-1

30o

Fig 2

Puck B:
400 g mass
VB = 25 ms-1
i) Find the initial momentum of both ice pucks before the collision.

Puck A =

Puck B =

(0.5)(20) kg ms-1 E 30o S

10 kg ms-1 E 300 S

(0.4)(22) kg ms-1 E

[2]

[1]

10 kg ms-1 E
ii) Show the total initial momentum of both ice pucks is 19.4 kg m s-1 East 150 South (Bearing 105o) .
Px = 10 + 10cos30o
= 18.7 kg ms-1
Py = -10sin30o
= -5.0 kg ms-1

(18.72 + 5.02)

= 19.3 kg ms-1

5.0

= tan-1(18.7 )
= 150

-1

19.3 kg ms E 15 S
Total initial momentum = ............................................
ms-1

[3]

Marker 2

2 b) (iii) After the collision momentum of Puck B is 8 kg ms-1 South, deduce the final velocity of Puck A.
Pfinal-x = 18.7 kg ms-1
Pfinal-y =
and

Pfinal-x = 18.7

So

-5.0 kg ms-1

PB-x

= 0 kg ms-1

PB-y

= - 8.0 kg ms-1

= PA-x + PB-x
= PA-x + 0

18.7

Pfinal-y = -5.0

PA-x = 18.7 kg ms-1

= PA-y + PB-y

-1
Pfinal-y = - 5.0
-5.0 kg
= ms
PA-y
+ -8.0

PA-y = 3.0 kg ms-1

PA = (18.72 + 3.02) = 18.9 kg ms-1

-1
3
Pfinal
-y ==tan-1-5.0
( kg
) =ms9.1o
18.7

vA =

18,9

= 37.8 ms-1

0.5

37.8 ms W 9.1 N ms-1

velocity = ............................................
-1

b) (iv)

[3]

Deduce the change in momentum of puck B.

pB = (82 + 102)

pB

= 12.8 kg ms-1
-pB-final = 8 kg ms-1

= tan-1(10) = 37o

-pB-iinitial = 10 kg ms-1

-1

12.8 kg ms W 37 S
pA = ............................................
kgms-1

[3]

b) (v) If puck A collided with puck B for 5 ms, find the average force applied.
Ft

p
12.8 37
5 103

2.56 kN W 370 S

Force = ............................................ ms-1

[3]

Marker 3

7
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Name

Total = 16 marks

3 a) State a definition for Centre of Mass:

The point through which a single force must act for the object to accelerate linearly

without rotation. It is a point where the whole mass of the body may be though to act. [2]
b) A 800 g cylindrical copper mass having a density of 8.9 g cm-3 is hung vertically by two strings AB
and AC, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

Fig 3.1

800 g
copper
mass
b) (i) Find the weight of the copper mass.
W = (0.8)(9.81)
7.8
N
Weight = ............................................

[1]

b) (ii) The above system is in equilibrium draw a suitable vector diagram showing how the forces
combine to produce no net force.

T2
500
950

W = 7.8 N
350

T1

T1

350
Angles

W = 7.8 N

950
500
T2

[3]
Diagram

Marker 3

3 b) (iii)Use the vector diagram or another suitable method to deduce the magnitudes of T1 and T2.
1
sin 50

7.8
sin 95

sin 35

7.8

sin 95

6.0
T1 = ...................................................
N [2]
4.5

T2 = ...................................................
N [2]

c) The copper mass is now placed in water having a density of 1.00 g cm-3. Deduce the tension now in
the first string i.e. T1.

W = 7.8 - gV

0.8

W = 7.8 (1000)(9.81)(8900)

6.92

T1 = ( 7.8 )(6.0)

= 7.8 0.88
= 7.71

5.32
T1 = ...................................................
N [3]

d) A student is being weighed. The student, of weight W, stands 0.30 m from end A of a
uniform plank AB, as shown in Fig. 4.1.

Fig 4.1

0.2 m 0.5 m

0.8 m

The plank has weight 80 N and length 2.0 m. A pivot P supports the plank and is 0.50 m
from end A.
A weight of 70 N is moved to balance the weight of the student. The plank is in equilibrium
when the weight is 0.20 m from end B.
Determine the Reaction force at P on the beam.

Taking moments about the student:

W(0) - Rp(0.2) + (80)(0.7) + (70)(1.5) = 0
0.2Rp = 161
N
805 N
Rat P = .............................................

[3]

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4 a) Define the Young Modulus:

Total = 15 marks

Young modulus is a constant of proportionality of stress / strain

[2]
b) Explain what is meant by plastic deformation.
Plastic deformation is where is where an extension (compression) when the force

applied has been removed and the object does not return to its original shape.

[1]

c) A copper wire of uniform cross-sectional area 1.70 10-6 m2 and length 1.75 m has a
breaking stress of 2.20 108 Pa. The Young modulus of copper is 1.30 1011 Pa.
(i) Calculate the breaking force of the wire.

F = 2.2 x 105 x 1.7 x 10-2

3.74 x 106

breaking force = ............................................. N

[2]

(ii) A stress of 9.0 107 Pa is applied to the wire. Calculate the extension.

E =

L =

xL

9.0 107

L =

1.3 1011

x 1.75

1.21 x 10-3

extension = ............................................ m

[2]

d) Explain why it is not appropriate to use the Young modulus to determine the extension
when the a force just below the breaking force is applied.

The relationship E = is no longer linear as the force applied has generating the
stress has exceeded the limit of proportionality.

[1]

10

4 e)

Marker 4

A sample of material in the form of a cylindrical rod has length L and uniform area of
cross-section A. The rod undergoes an increasing tensile stress until it breaks.
Fig. 4.1 shows the variation with stress of the strain in the rod.

Fig 4.1

The rod has a spherical bubble in it, as illustrated in Fig. 4.2 below.

Fig 4.2

The rod has an area of cross-section of 3.6 x10-6 m2 and is stretched by forces of
magnitude 1.9 x103 N.
By reference to Fig. 4.2, calculate the maximum area of cross-section of the bubble
such that the rod does not break.
Stress

9.5 x 108

1.9 103
3.6 106

1.9 103
9.5 108

3.6 x 10-6 - A

A = 3.6 x 10-6 - 2 x 10-6

-6

m2
1.6 x 10
area = ............................................

[4]

(f) A straight rod of the same material is bent as shown in Fig. 4.3.

Fig 4.3
Suggest why a thin rod can bend more than a thick rod without breaking.

With a thicker rod, there is a greater radius of curve from the middle (which has no

force/neutral). This means the outer surface will reach tension/U.T.S. sooner at the

[2]

surface. OWTTE.

11
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Marker 5

5 a) Define the Doppler effect:

Total = 16 marks
The Doppler Effect apparent change in frequency of sound due to the relative motion [1]
between the source and observer.
b) An ambulance emits a sound of wavelength 0.22 m when stationary. If the speed of sound in air is
330 ms-1, deduce the frequency of sound.
f =
f =

330

0.22

1500
Hz
frequency = ............................................

[2]

c) The same ambulance is approaching a stationary observer who hears a sound of frequency 1525 Hz.
What is the velocity of the ambulance?

f = (

)f

330

1525 = (330

)(1500)

5.4
ms-1 [2]
Ambulance velocity = ............................................
d) Deduce the change in frequency of the sound as the ambulance approaches and leaves a stationary
observer on a cold winters day at O OC at the 80 kmh-1. The velocity of sound in air is 320 ms-1
Approach

= (

320
80
320
3.6

= 1612

)(1500)

Leaves

= (

320
80
3.6

320+

= 1402

)(1500)

fchange = 1612 - 1402

210
Change in frequency = ............................................
Hz [3]
e) Why is the true frequency of the sound heard, as the ambulance directly passes opposite the
observer?
As there is no component of the source velocity acting in the direction that is directly
opposite the observer/there is no change in wavelength in this direction. OWTTE

[1]

12

Marker 5

6 A uniform string is held between a fixed point P and a variable-frequency oscillator, as shown
in Fig. 6.

Fig 6

The distance between point P and the oscillator is L.

The frequency of the oscillator is adjusted so that the stationary wave shown in Fig. 6 is
formed.
Points X and Y are two points on the string.
1

Point X is a distance L from the end of the string attached to the oscillator. It vibrates with
8
frequency f and amplitude A.
1
8

Point Y is a distance L from the end P of the string.

(a) For the vibrations of point Y, state
(i) the frequency (in terms of f ),

f
(=
)
frequency = ................................................

[1]

(ii) the amplitude (in terms of A).

amplitude = ................................................

[1]

(b) State the phase difference between the vibrations of point X and point Y.

1800 /

phase difference = ................................................

[1]

(c) (i) State, in terms of f and L, the speed of the wave on the string.

fL
speed = ................................................
[1]
(ii) The wave on the string is a stationary wave.
Explain, by reference to the formation of a stationary wave, what is meant by the
speed stated in (c) (i).

This is the velocity of the wave (say) travelling to the right and the velocity

of the reflected wave travelling to the left

[3]

13

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7 a) Give Definitions for the following:

Total = 15 marks

i) Intensity of a wave:

Wave intensity is the amount of power passing through unit area normal to the surface. [2]

ii) Progressive wave:

A wave in which energy is carried from one point to another by means of vibrations or
oscillations within a wave

[2]

b) Fig. 7.1 shows the variation with time t of the displacement y of a wave W as it passes a
point P. The wave has intensity I.

New amplitude should

be 0.707 of the original
600wave
phase shift
Fig 7.1
Shape

A second wave X of the same frequency as wave W also passes point P.

This wave has intensity I. The phase difference between the two waves is 60.
On Fig.7.1, sketch the variation with time t of the displacement y of wave X.

[3]

c) In a double-slit interference experiment using light of wavelength 540 nm, the separation
of the slits is 0.700 mm. The fringes are viewed on a screen at a distance of 2.75 m from
the double slit, as illustrated in Fig. 7.2 (not to scale).

Fig 7.2

14

Marker 6
7 c) Calculate the separation of the fringes observed on the screen.
n =
(1)(540 x 10-9) =

with n = 1

(0.7 103 )

2.75

x = 2.12 x 10-3 m

2.12
separation = ................................
mm

[3]

d) State the effect, if any, on the appearance of the fringes observed on the screen when
the following changes are made, separately, to the double-slit arrangement in (b).
(i) The width of each slit is increased but the separation remains constant.

- Increases the intensity of the bright bands.

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
- Fringes more blurred/less sharp.

..................................................................................................................................

Distance between bright bands remains the same.

..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................

[3]

(ii) The separation of the slits is increased.

- Bright band intensity decreases.

..................................................................................................................................
Any two

..................................................................................................................................
- Bright bands become less sharp.
.............................................................................................................................

Separation between bright bands decreases.

[2]

Marker 7
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Total = 16 marks

8 a) State what is meant by Electric Field strength:

Questions 8 and 9

Electric Field Strength is the force per unit of stationary charge.

[1]

b) Two vertical parallel metal plates are situated 2.50 cm apart in a vacuum. The potential
difference between the plates is 350 V, as shown in Fig. 8.

Fig 8

An electron is initially at rest close to the negative plate and in the uniform electric field
between the plates.
(i) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field between the plates.

E =

350

2.5 102

14 x 10
N C-1
electric field strength = .......................................

[2]

(ii) Show that the force on the electron due to the electric field is 2.24 x10-15 N.

Fe = Eq

= (14 x 103)(1.6 x 10-19)

= 2.24 x 10-15 N

[2]
(iii) the time to travel the horizontal distance of 2.50 cm between the plates.

s
2.5 x 10-2

= ut

at2

= (0)t +

2.24 1015 2
)t
9.1 1031

2.5 x 10-2 = 1.23 x 1015t2

t2

2.03 x 10-17
-9

4.05 x 10
time = .............................................
s

[3]

16

Marker 7

9 (a) The variation with potential difference V of the current I in a component Y and in a
Resistor, R are shown in Fig. 9.1.

Fig 9.1

Resistor

Parallel

Series
0.18 A

Fig 9.2
2.8 V

5.2 V

A battery of e.m.f. of 8.0 V and negligible internal resistance is connected across the parallel
Combination as shown in Fig 9.2. Use data from Fig. 9.1 to determine
(i) the current in the battery for an e.m.f. E of 8.0 V, ITotal = 2(0.4)

From the graph current through

both thermistor and resistor is 0.4 A

0.8
current = ..............................................A
8

(ii) the total resistance of the circuit for an e.m.f. of 8.0 V.

RTotal =

0.8

[2]

10

resistance = .............................................
[2]
b) If the thermistor and resistor were connected in series to the same 8.0 V battery find using Fig 9.1
VTotal = 2.8 + 5.2
above:

= 8.0 V

(i) the current in the battery for an e.m.f. E of 8.0 V,

In a series circuit, both the voltages across

0.18 (Accept 0.18 to 0.2)
current = ..............................................A
the thermistor and resistor must add to 8 V.
(ii) the total resistance of the circuit for an e.m.f. of 8.0 V.

RTotal =

8
0.18

[2]

resistance = .............................................
[2]
44 (Accept 40 to 45)

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Total = 16 marks

10 a) For a cell, explain the terms

(i) electromotive force (e.m.f.),

Questions 10 and 11

EMF is the energy transferred per unit charge from some form into electrical energy
.............................................................................................................................
when charge is moved around a complete circuit.
(ii) internal resistance.

[2]

Internal
resistance, r, is the resistance to change within a power source.
.............................................................................................................................

[1]

b) A 4.50 volt cell is connected to a potential divider and parallel length of nichrome wire of 560 cm
length as shown in Fig 10.

3R

IG = 0 A

A
E = 4.50 V

5R

Nichrome wire of length, LT = 560 mm

and resistance of 22 m-1

Fig 10

7R

V and R1

C
i) Find the potential difference across AC

4.5

12
15

3.6
Potential difference AC = ............................................
V

[1]

ii) Deduce the resistance, R1 of the nichrome wire involved.

RTotal = (22)(0.56)

1
12.32

3.6

4.5

= 12.32
9.9
Resistance, R1 = ............................................

[2]

iii) Using the appropriate data below for the nichrome wire, deduce the mean drift velocity of the
e-s (electrons).
cross-sectional area = 0.40 mm2
resistivity = 1.7 10-7 m
number density of free electrons = 8.5 1027 e-s m-3

I =

4.5
12.32

= 0.365 A

= nvqA

0.365 = (8.5 x 1027)v(1.6 x 10-19)(0.4 x 10-6)

An extra mark given here

m s-1
drift speed = .................................................
6.7 x 10-4

[3]

18

Marker 8

11 A variable resistor of resistance R is used to control the current in a circuit, as shown in

Fig. 11.

Fig 11

The generator G has e.m.f. 20 V and internal resistance 0.50 . The battery has e.m.f.
12 V and internal resistance 0.10 . The current in the circuit is 2.0 A.
a) Apply Kirchhoffs second law to the circuit to determine the resistance R.

-(0.5)(2) + 20 - 12 - (0.1)(2) - 2R = 0

Or any other suitable working

3.4
R = .............................................

[2]

b) Calculate the total power generated by G.

P = (20)(2)
Mark reduced to 1. The extra mark
here transferred to 10 b) iii)

40
power = .............................................
W

[1]

c) Show the power loss in the total resistance of the circuit is 16 Wattts.

P = I2R

= (2)2(0.5 + 0.1 + 3.4)

16
power = .............................................
W

[2]

d) The circuit is used to supply energy to the battery from the generator. Determine the efficiency of the
circuit.

Efficiency, =
=

(4016)
40

60 %

efficiency = .................................................
[2]

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Name

Total = 15 marks

185
12 a) Tungsten-184 ( 184
74 ) and tungsten-185 ( 74 ) are two isotopes of tungsten.

Questions 12 and 13

Tungsten-184 is stable but tungsten-185 undergoes - decay to form rhenium (Re).

(a) Explain what is meant by isotopes.

Same: Number of protons / atomic number

..........................................................................................................................................

Different: Number of neutrons / mass number

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

[2]

(b) The - decay of nuclei of tungsten-185 is spontaneous and random.

State what is meant by
(i) spontaneous decay,

Decay that is not altered by environmental factors, such as pressure,

..................................................................................................................................

temperature, chemical composition or physical state.

............................................................................................................................

[1]

(ii) random decay.

Cannot
predict when the nucleus will decay. Each nucleus has a constant
..................................................................................................................................
probability of decay (per unit time).

............................................................................................................................

[1]

(c) Complete the nuclear equation for the - decay of a tungsten-185 nucleus.

185
75

0
1

[2]

20

Marker 9

13 A proton decays decays by emitting a + particle.

a) Complete the equation below for this decay.

1
1

0
1

0 +

+
+1

0
[3]

b) State the name of the particle represented by the symbol .

Neutrino

..............................................................................................................................................

[1]

c) State the name of the class (group) of particles that includes + and .

Leptons

..............................................................................................................................................

[1]

d) State
(i) the quark structure of the proton,

up, up, down

......................................................................................................................................

[1]

(ii) the change to the quark structure when the proton decays.

Up quark changes to a down

...........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

e)

[1]

What is the difference between a hadron and a lepton?

Hadrons experience the strong force.

...........................................................................................................................................

Hadrons are made up of quarks, while leptons are made up of fundamental

......................................................................................................................................

particles in themselves.

[2]