Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Objectives
This study aims to discover the potential of orange peels as an organic and all-natural
dishwashing liquid that is very relevant in terms of the cleanliness of kitchen and eating utensils
people often use and that has a least amount of chemical in comparison to any leading
dishwashing liquid available in the market today. It will inspire Filipinos, especially the youth, to
develop any biodegradable and/or non-biodegradable materials that would otherwise be thrown
away and turn them into new products to prevent disposal of potentially useful materials to
somehow reduce the radically growing amount of waste in the Philippines. Also, this study will
provide encouragement for the Filipino youth to put up a business ate their early age by selling
products they developed themselves and to earn on their own and learning how to be
independent making the youth today more productive.
The specific objectives of this study are as follows:
1) Create a dishwashing liquid that is chemical free and environment-friendly.
2) Use orange peels a primary ingredient in making dishwashing liquid.
3) Use white vinegar and tea tree oil for added cleaning benefits in the dishwashing liquid.
4) Since orange peels are natural insect repellant according to wisegeek.org, we aim to discover if it
can decrease the risk of insect-causing diseases that are incorporated in the utensils people use in
transporting food into their body using this dishwashing liquid made out of orange peels.
Cleanliness is important most especially when it comes to the things we use that involves putting
it on and in our body. At times, we clean these things using products which have countless
chemicals in them.
In this study, the researchers aim to create an organic dishwashing liquid with orange
peels as its primary component.
Orange peels have a lot of benefits and uses. According to Floridachemical.com, one of
the many uses of orange peels is as a natural solvent cleaner because they contain d-limonene
they are used in a wide variety of cleaning products and they are extremely safe.
Through this study, one would be aware of the potential of otherwise be thrown away
materials like peels of fruits like those in oranges and the importance of using organic products
in cleaning utensils and other things. It would create a mean for those people who stay in their
house for long hours everyday to make use of their time and come up and develop useful
products out of nothing. It would also benefit those hygiene-meticulous people and
environmentalists as this study aims at producing all-natural dishwashing liquid. The other
beneficiaries of this study are wives who are left at home when their husbands and children are
out as it will encourage them to create their own healthy organic cleaning material. Moreover,
this study will be promoting awareness on the significance of recycling materials that would
otherwise be disposed of. Furthermore, this will promote health awareness to protect the children
from chemical-based cleaning products.
The research is focused mainly on the development of organic dishwashing liquid made
out of orange peels and its capability of cleaning kitchen and eating utensils. One (1) week has
been consumed to get the final result of the study through experimentation. Some of the
materials used in this research have to be bought in the market while the others are readily
available in one of the researchers house.
The study is limited on the use of orange peels, white vinegar, tea tree oil, and soap only.
Three (3) sets of experiments have been done to yield the actual and coveted result.
CHAPTER TWO:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
The review on the study focuses on the history of dishwashing and the health and
cleaning benefits of oranges primarily the uses of their peels. Considering the rapid growth of
biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste in the country, one should be aware of the possible
benefits of potentially useful materials by recycling. The internet has been used as a reference to
get the necessary facts and information in the study.
Mount Sapo is where animals were sacrificed. A women found out that this kind of clay
mixture that was made from melted animal fat, or tallow, and wood ashes down into the clay soil
along the Triber River can made their wash cleaner with much less effort.
During the mid-1800s, the advancement of technology was started and the invention of
the Belgian Chemist, Ernest Solvay of the ammonia process, which also used common table salt,
or sodium chloride, to make soda ash. Solvay's process further reduced the cost of obtaining this
alkali, and increased the quality and quantity of the soda ash that is available for manufacturing
soap. An alkali is a soluble salt of an alkali metal like sodium or potassium. Originally, the alkali
is used in soap making were obtained from the ashes of plants, but they now a days they are now
made commercially.
Based in scientific discoveries and the improvement of power to operate some factories,
soap making is one of the Americas fastest-growing industries back in 1850. As time went by,
the use of soap has changed from being a luxury item to an everyday necessity. With this, the
improvement of the milder soaps for bathing and soaps for washing machines that were available
to consumers.
Back in seventh century in Europe, Soap making was an established craft. Soap maker
used vegetable and animals oil with ashes of plants for the fragrance of the soap. In this century
the soap became available in different used. Example for shaving, shampooing, bathing and as
well as laundering.
During 12th century the center of soap manufacturing was Italy, Spain and France
because they are a lot and ready supply of raw materials such as oil from olive trees which is
used in manufacturing a soap. During 12th century the English began to start a soap business.
The English business became successful and it was good because of the business were
successful, in 1962 King James I granted a monopoly for the soap maker for about $100,00 every
year. In 19th century the soap was heavily taxed because its a luxury item in several countries.
But when the high tax was removed, soap became available to ordinary people and the
cleanliness standards were improved.
The ingredients of soap manufacturing stayed essentially the same until 1916, because of
WWI theyve experienced shortage of fats which is used for making soap. The first synthetic
detergent was developed in Germany which is the solution in their problem. Synthetic detergents
are the non-soap washing and cleaning products that are synthesized.
In the early 1930s the household detergent production began in the United States. The
first detergents were used for hand dishwashing and fine fabric laundering. The development of
detergents for all-purpose laundry uses came in 1946. The ingredients that used in the first built
detergent was a surfactant/builder combination and it was introduced in the U.S. Surfactant
means a basic cleaning ingredient in manufacturing detergent products. While the builder helps
the surfactant to be more effective and efficiently. Phosphate compounds used as builders which
is can used to improve the performance.
flavonoids that help prevent lung cancer. Moreover, these flavonoids also help vitamin C, which
is an important antioxidant vitamin, to prevent skin cancer. Orange peels also have
polymethoxyflavones and liminoid that may stop or prevent not just lung cancer, but cancer in
other organs as well. In addition to that, in 2000, a study at the Arizona Cancer Center, found out
that d-limonene in orange peels lessened the risk of deadly type of skin cancer called squamous
cell carcinoma. Flavones in orange peels help lower cholesterol levels. Furthermore, oranges
peels
have
been
used
in
the
nicotine
gum
developed
by
theUniversity of Yonsei's College of Medicine which helps break down and remove nicotine
from the body.
It is stated in livestrong.com Health properties of orange peel, by Maura Wolf that
orange peel is a good source of pectin which helps diminish an overactive appetite and lowers
blood sugar that rise after a meal.
According also in livestrong.com How to whiten teeth with orange peels, the
albedo the white portion of an orange peel contains vitamin C, limonene, glucarate, pectin,
soluble fiber, and other compounds. Limonene a natural solvent cleaner is extracted from
orange peels and used in a wide variety of cleaning products.
It is indicated in wisegeek.org that the d-limonene in orange peels helps food digestion. It
is a common treatment for the symptoms linked to acid reflux and heartburn. This component in
orange peels also helps relieve stomachaches as well as constipation and diarrhea. Additionally,
the citrus smell of orange peels helps with emotional issues and cure poor appetite, sadness, and
anxiety as well.
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Gathering of necessary information regarding the chosen topic was done during the first
phase of the study. The internet has been used in acquiring facts and evidences. After gathering
all the information needed in this study specifically the benefits and uses of orange peels
experiments have been initiated.
The method used in this study is a very common procedure which can be seen in many
websites like permaculture.org and liveeco.co.za offering instructions in making a D.I.Y.
dishwashing liquid. However, the materials and the main ingredient used in this study are
slightly different. The primary component of this study is orange peels. Sites mentioned earlier
used white vinegar and tea tree oil in their D.I.Y. dishwashing liquid thus the researchers decided
to include them also in this study. Before using them, research was done to know the relevance
and benefits of these additional ingredients in making a dishwashing liquid.
Materials used in this study are as follows:
3 pieces of Orange
1/3 cup White vinegar
teaspoon Tea tree oil
Pot
6 cups Water
Bowl
Antibacterial Soap (grated)
Used bottle
1 cup Water
1 piece orange
Used bottle
Pot
Bowl
Timetable of activities:
v September 26 Research about the benefits of orange peels
v September 30 Canvassing of materials
v October 2 DEADLINE of Objectives and Methodology
v October 3 1st trial of experiment
v October 5 2nd trial of experiment
v October 6 DEADLINE Significance of the study and Scope and Delimitation
v October 7 DEADLINE of Results and Discussion, Conclusion, and Recommendation
v October 12 First Complete Draft
v October 13 3rd trial of experiment
v October 19 Final Research Paper
v October 21 webpage
v October 21-24 - posting of research blog on FB accounts
v October 23 Mock Defense
CHAPTER FOUR:
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Findings/Results
Number of Experiment
1st Trial
2nd trial
3rd trial
Procedure
Peeled oranges. Put 6 cups
of water in a pot then added
the orange peels. Stirred the
mixture continuously and
heated it for a few minutes
(but didnt let it reach
boiling point) and then
strained out the peels.
Added 1/3 cup of white
vinegar and followed by
tsp. of tea tree oil. Cooled
the mixture down for 1 day.
After one (1) day, the
product from the 1st trial
was used for another round
of experiment. One-half ()
grated
soap
(germ
protection soap) was added
into the mixture while being
heated in a pot. Did not
bring into boil. Stirred
thoroughly
until
hot
enough. Cooled the mixture
down for a day.
Peeled an orange and put
the peels in a pot with 1
cup of water. Boiled for a
few minutes and strained
out the peels. Added one (1)
tablespoon of white vinegar
and one (1) teaspoon of tea
tree oil. Stirred thoroughly.
Put the mixture in a plastic
bottle and cooled it down
for one (1) day.
Result
After 24 hours
No
suds
were
formed
Colorless: with a tint
of orange
Liquid
form
(viscosity is low)
Oil form on the
sides
The strong scent of
tea tree oil is dominant
Cant clean
After one (1) day
Suds form when
mixed or shaken
Viscosity has risen a
minimal level
Still liquid form
Scent of soap is now
dominant
Yellow in color
Still cant clean
During the first trial, the result was unfavorable. It was colorless with a tint of orange
its color was derived from the orange peels. The mixture was in liquid form with a low viscosity
and no suds were formed this was because no foaming agent was used. The result also lacks in
soap quality. It was just like water with tint and strong tea tree oil smell. Oil formed on the
sides circulating the mixture when mixed it disappears. It cannot clean when tried to wash a
glass of water. It left an inadequate smell.
The second trial has made some changes in the physical appearance of the product from
the first trial. Significantly, the color and the smell of the mixture have altered it became
yellow in color and had a better smell presumably because of the soap (germ protection soap)
added to the mixture. Suds form when stirred or shaken (when in a bottle). The viscosity has
risen a little this time because of the added ingredient which is soap.
The third trial yielded the coveted result. One of the desirable characteristics of this trial's
product was its smell the orange scent was very noticeable and evident. The scent of tea tree oil
has become apparent in the mixture. In addition, the soaps color and smell was also obvious in
the final result.
To know the products total effectiveness and cleaning capability, the researchers
conducted a test. First, they applied medium amount of the mixture on a sponge to see if it foams
when squeezed, it produced fair amount of suds or bubbles. Subsequently, they tried to clean a
plate which has been used prior to the test with the mixture. Apparently, the product cleaned
the plate and did not leave any residue. Moreover, the mixture did not leave any scent.
Analyses of Data
Due to the undesirable results of the first two trials conducted by the researchers, the
following factors that contributed to their lack of success are:
1) Because one major cleaning component was missing foaming agent which is Sodium Lauryl
Sulfate that came from the lauric acid in coconut oil according to youngagain.org.
2) Because the mixture was cooled down for a long time it should be for 8-12 hours. It should be
sat in a sunny spot.
3) Because the soap used was germ protection soap rather than a naturally made soap (e.g. Castile
soap, liquid castile soap).
4) Because the quantity of the ingredients were not measured accurately.
The third trial produced the desired result because of the following factors:
1) All the ingredients were in the right measurements. The amount of the ingredients used was
proportionate to each other and the sizes of each ingredient were, in a way, measured accurately.
2) The mixture was cooled down for 24 hours only and tested afterwards.
CHAPTER FIVE:
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
The first two trials did not yield the coveted result. The smell of the orange has not come
out of their final result. Instead, the scent of the soap was dominant. Furthermore, it cannot clean
plus it leaves inadequate smell on the dish. It lacks the foaming agent which is important in
making soap-related products. Inaccurate measurement was the main factor that contributed to
the lack of success of the first two sets of experiment.
The actual effective product was yielded from the third trial of experimentation. It has the
scent of the orange fruit. In addition, it cleans well and it leaves no undesirable smell. Accurate
measurement has affected the overall quality of the yielded product.
However, the researchers tried to make an organic dishwashing liquid with fewer
chemicals that is why using a foaming agent was only put into possible options.
After the research has done, the researchers found out that the use of chemical shouldnt
be set aside for they are important in making soap products. They can be used as an added
cleaning agent and a foaming agent as well.
Recommendation
During the experimentation process, the researchers have missed some important
ingredients to be added into the list of ingredients due to the following factors:
The use of other citrus fruits (e.g. Lemon, calamansi, etc.) should also be considered. Their peels
are as beneficial as those in oranges.
Use a foaming agent such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfate acquired from lauric acid in coconut oil to
increase the effectiveness of the dishwashing liquid. It would create suds and would thicken the
mixture making it more capable of cleaning dishes.
Since the researchers only have two (2) weeks to prepare, research, and conduct experiments,
further study about this research should be done within a month to intensify the acquisition of
information of other possible ingredients and materials necessary in making a dishwashing liquid
and to allot plenty of time on experimentation to yield a coveted result.
Add borax or washing soda (or both, if that is what you prefer) to the mixture for added cleaning
effectiveness.
Use natural soap instead of germ protection soap used by the researchers preferably, liquid
castile soap.
It is recommended to use scented tea tree oil or anything that has a good fragrance for your
dishwashing liquid. Use other essential oils.
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Health
Publications.
(2007).
The
handiwork
of
good
health.
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