DAFTAR ISI

1. HOW TO MAKE A SENTENCE

........................

.........................................

........................................................

4. POSSESIVE
................................................
BENTUK MILIK

5. THE ADVERB OF PLACE

...............................

.......................................................

2. ASKING NAME ?
3. NOUN

6. THERE

7. VERBAL SENTENCE
8. VERB + ING

.....................................

11

...............................................

14

9. AUXILARY (OKSILERY)
KATA BANTU

.................................

15

10.....................................................................VERB =
KATA KERJA
............................................... 17
11.....................................................................TENSES
( BENTUK-BENTUK WAKTU )
........................ 21
12.....................................................................CARA
MENANYAKAN VERB III
............................... 26
13..................................................................... ACTIVE
VOICE
........................................................ 32
PASSIVE VOICE
14.....................................................................DIRECT
SPEECH
..................................................... 36
INDIRECT SPEECH ( REPORTED SPEECH)
15.....................................................................BEGITU
JUGA
......................................................... 39
TIDAK JUGA
16.....................................................................KATA
SIFAT (AJECTIVE)
........................................ 40
17.....................................................................VERB
..................................................................... 44
18.....................................................................NOTE :
ABOUT GERUND
......................................... 51
19.....................................................................ADJECTI
VE
............................................................. 52
20..................................................................... VERB
ING / VERB III
............................................ 54
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ADJECTIVE
21.....................................................................THE
KIND OF TEH SENTENCE
............................. 56
22.....................................................................OFFERIN
G
.............................................................. 59
HOW TO OFFER SOMETHING
23.....................................................................INVITATI
ON
............................................................ 60
24.....................................................................CAN I
MAY I
BOLEHKAN SAYA
........................ 61
COULD I
25.....................................................................CAUSATI
VE HAVE
.................................................... 62
26.....................................................................THE
KINDS OF ADVERB (KETERANGAN)
.............. 64
27.....................................................................THE
ADVERB OF CONDITION
.............................. 64
28.....................................................................THE
ADVERB OF TIME
........................................ 68
29.....................................................................SUBJUN
CTIVE MOOD
.............................................. 71
CARA ANDAI
30.....................................................................WISH
..................................................................... 71
31.....................................................................WOULD
RATHER
..................................................... 73
32.....................................................................MODIFIE
R
............................................................... 75
33.....................................................................ADJECTI
VE CLAUSE
................................................. 78
34.....................................................................HOW TO
OMIT RELATIVE PRONOUN
........................ 80
35.....................................................................USED TO
+ INFINITIVE
.............................................. 81
36.....................................................................ADJECTI
VE
............................................................. 81
37.....................................................................FUTURE
PERFECT TENSE
......................................... 84
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS

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38.....................................................................THE
ADVERB OF REASON
................................... 87
39.....................................................................INTRAN
SITIVE VERBS
............................................. 88
40..................................................................... 1. THE
ADVERB CLAUSE OF REASON
...................... 90
2. THE ADVERB CLAUSE OF RESULT
41.....................................................................THE
ADVERB OF CONTRAST
............................... 90
42.....................................................................USED TO
+ INFINITIVE
.............................................. 92
43.....................................................................TO BE
USED TO + NOUN
....................................... 92
V.ING
44.....................................................................MODAL
..................................................................... 93

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HOW TO MAKE A SENTENCE

The element :
-

Subject
Predicate
Object
Complement

The pattern : Verbal sentence

I.

II.

Personal Pronoun
-

I
We
You
You
He
She
It
They

am..
are..
are..
are..
is..
is..
is..
are..

Demontrative Pronoun
-

That
This
Those
These

is..
is..
are..
are..

Susi
The boy

is..
is..

Noun
1| P a g e

Susi and Ida

The girls

are.
are.

The cat
The book

is..
is..

The Dogs

are.

Example :
1. He is Rudi.

+ 2. She is Ratna.
3. We are Ida and Ratna.
4. They are Pinki and Andry.
5. That is Novem.
6. Those are Novem and Novri.
7. The girl is Vevina.
8. The boys are Andry and Novri.
9. I am Susi.
10.
You are Ida.

2| P a g e

1. He is not Rudi.
2. She is notRatna.
3. We are not Ida and Ratna.
4. They are not Pinki and Andry.
5. That is not Novem.
6. Those are not Novem and Novri.
7. The girl is not Vevina.
8. The boys are not Andry and Novri.
9. I am not Susi.
10.
You are not Ida.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Is he Rudi?
- Yes he is - no he is not
Is she Ratna?
- Yes she is - no she is not
Are we Ida and Ratna? - Yes we are - no we are not
Are they Pinki and Andry?
- Yes they are
no they are not
5. Is that Novem?
- Yes it is - no it is not
6. Are those Novem and Novri?
- Yes they are
no they are not
7. Is the girl Vevina?
- Yes she is - no he is not
8. Are the boys Andry and Novri?
- Yes they are
no they are not
9. Am I Susi?
- Yes you are - no you are not
10.
Are you Ida? - Yes I am - no I
am not

ASKING NAME ?
1. Who is he?
2. Who Is she?
3. Who Are we?

- Rudi
- he is Rudi
-Ratna
- she is Ratna
- Ida and Ratna- we are Ida and Ratna

4. Who Are they? - Pinki and Andry

- they arePinki
and Andry
5. Who Is that?
-Novem
- it is Novem
6. Who Are those? -Novem and Novri
- they are Novem
and Novri
7. Who Is the girl? - Vevina
- she is Vevina
8. Who Are the boys?
-Andry and Novri
they are Andry and Novri
9. Who Am I?
- Susi
- you are Susi
10.
Who Are you? - Ida - I am Ida

NOUN

Cara Menulis :
Singular Noun

Plural Noun

(Benda Tunggal)

(benda Jamak)

1. Diberiakiran (-s)
A plate (pleit)
- Plates
: Piring
A cup (kap)
- Cups
: Cangkir
A bowl
- Bowls
: Mangkok
A spoon
- Spoons
: Sendok
A fork
- Forks
: Garpu
2. Berakhiran O + es
A mango
- Mangoes : Mangga
A potato
- Potatoes : Kentang
A tomato
- Tomatoes : Tomat
A volcano
- Volcanoes: Gunungberapi
A mosquito
-Mosquitoes : Nyamuk
3. Berakiranhurufdesis (s, sh, ch, x) + es
A watch
- Watches ( watsis)
: Jam tangan
A match
- Matches (metsis) : Korekapi
A brush
-Brushes (brasis) : Sikat
A glass
- Glasses (galssis) : Gelas
A box
- boxes (boksis)
: Kotak
4. Berakhiran (f, fe) berubah ves
3| P a g e

5.

6.

7.

8.

A knife
-knives (naives)
: Pisau
A leaf
- Leaves (lives)
: Daun
A wife
- Wives (waives) : Istri
A wolf
- Wolves
: Serigala
A thief
- thieves
: Pencuri
A shelf
- Shelves
: Rak
A scarf
-scarves
: Slayer
Berakhiran Y (didauluihurufmati) y berubah i + es
A story (stori)
- Stories
: Cerita
A baby (bebi)
- Babies
: Bayi
A lady (ledi)
-ladies
: Perempuan
A fly (flai)
- Flies
: Lalat
Singular = Plural
A fish
- Fish
: Ikan
A deer (dir)
-Deer
: Rusa
A sheep (ship)
- Sheep
: Domba
Selalu Plural
Shoes (sus)
: Sepatu
Sandals
: Sandal
Socks (soks)
: Kaos kaki
Trousers (troses) : Celanapanjang
Gloves (gloves)
: Sarungtangan
Glassis (glasis)
: Kacamata
Earings
: Anting
Shorts
: Celanapendek
Scissors (sisses) : Gunting
Takberaturan
A man (men)
- Men (min)
A woman (women) - Women (womin)
A postman
- Postmen
A policeman
- Policemen
A policewoman
- Policewomen
A mouse (maus) - Mice (mais) : Tikus
A goose (gus)
- Geese (gis)
: Angsa
A child (caild)
- Children : Anak
A tooth
- Teeth
: Gigi
A foot
- Feet
: Kaki
An ox (oks)
- Oxen
: Sapijantan

Example :
a) Complement thing / animal.
1. That is a cat.
+ 2. That is a dog.
3. Those are cows.
4. These are ants.
5. It is a monkey.
6. They are pictures.
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What ? = Apa ?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

That is not a cat. (isnt)

That is not a dog. (isnt)
Those are not cows. (arent)
These are not ants. (arent)
It is not a monkey. (isnt)
They are not pictures. (arent)

1. What is that? - A cat

- That is a cat
2. What is this? - A dog - That is a dog
3. What are those?
- Cows
- They are cows
- Those are cows
4. What are these?
- Ants
- These are ants
- They are ants
5. What is it?
- A monkey
- It is a monkey
6. What are they?
- Pictures
- They are
pictures

b) Complement job / profession - pekerjaan.

1. I am a student.
+ 2. We are teachers.
3. You are a dancer.
4. He is a doctor.
5. She is a nurse.
6. They are farmers.
7. That is a tailor.
8. Those are boxers.
9. The men are policemen.
10.
The women are policewomen.
What ? = Apa ?

5| P a g e

1. What are you? - A student - I am a student

2. What are we? - A teachers
- We are
teachers
3. What am i?
- A dancer - You are a dancer
4. What is he?
- A doctor - He is a doctor
5. What is she?
- A nurse - She is a nurse
6. What are they? - Farmers - They are farmers
7. What is that?
- A tailor
- It is a tailor - That is a
tailor
8. What are those? - Boxers
- Those are boxers - They
are boxers
9. What are the men?
- Policemen
- The men
are policemen
10.
What are the women?
policewomen
- The women are policewomen

POSSESIVE
BENTUK MILIK

1. Pemilik Personal pronoun

Pass adjective
I my / noun
We our
You your
He his
She her
It its
They their
2. Pemilik Nama
Ida Idas
Rudi Rudis ..
Abas Abass ..

Pass pronoun
-

Mine (main) : Milikku

Ours
: Milik Kita
Yours
: Milikmu
His
: Miliknya
Hers
: Miliknya
Its
: Miliknya
Theirs
: Milikmereka

- Idas
- Rudis
- Abass

: Milik Ida
: MilikRudi
: MilikAbas

3. Pemilik Takbernyawa
Menggunakan of = nya , dari

1.
+ 2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The

door of the house.

name of the school.
colour of the window.
price of the book.
shape of the table.
bottom of the river.
corner of the room.
door of my house.
name of the school.

How to ask possessive

Using whose (miliksiapa)
1. That is my book.
Whose book ?
Whose book is that?
- My book
2. This is Idas.
6| P a g e

- Mine

Whose is this?
3. That is ours.
Whose is that?

- Idas
- Ours

THE ADVERB OF PLACE

Using preposition kata depan
At
In
On
Above (ebav)
Over
Under (ander)
In front of
Beind (behain)
Beside (besaid)
Near (nie)
By (bai)
Among (emong)
Between (bitwin:n)

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

di
di / di dalam
di / di atas (melekat)
di atas (renggang)
di atas (melintas)
di bawah
di depan
di belakang
di samping
di dekat
di dekat
diantara
diantara

The Pattern
I.
On
In front of
II.

7| P a g e

the
the

table
school

On
Under
Beind
Beside
Near

a
this
those
my
Idas

Beind
In front of

Ida
Susi

table
tree
boxes
car
bike

III.

IV.Tanpa preposition
There (dhe : ) : di sana
Here (hie)
: di sini
Exercise

1. I
2. You
3. We

am
are
are

behind you
in front of the house
under the tree
Where ?

THERE
There has two meanings
1. The adverb of place Di sana
The girl is there.
Idas cat is there.
2. As subject ada

There is
There are
8| P a g e

singular noun
plural noun

Note :
- Some
Beberapa
- Any
-

+ - a lot of

banyak
- many

_
Someone / somebody
?
Something
Everyone / everybody
Everything

:
:
:
:

seseorang
sesuatu
setiap orang
segalasesuatu

Example :
1. There is someone in the house.

+ 2. There is something there.

9| P a g e

3.
4.
5.
6.

There
There
There
There

is a girl here.
are some mangoes in the basket.
are a lot of children in front of the school.
are ten mice in the corner of the house.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

There
There
There
There
There
There

isnt anyone in the house.

isnt anything there.
isnt a girl here.
arent any mangoes in the basket.
arent many children in front of school.
arent ten mouse in the corner of the house.

1. Is there anyone in the house?

- Yes there is - no
there is not
2. Is there anything there?
- Yes there is - no
there is not
3. Is there a girl there?
- Yes there is - no
there is not
4. Are there any mangoes in the basket?
- Yes there
are
- no there are not
5. Are there many children in front of the school? - Yes
there are
- no there are not
6. Are there ten mouse in the corner of the house?
Yes there are
- no there are not

VERBAL SENTENCE
I.

+
1. I
want some oranges.
2. You
need me.
3. We
live on Babat.
4. They
have
five sisters.
5. The girls
like gado-gado.
6. The students study English here.
7. Susi and Ida go
to school everyday.
8. The boys
read a newspaper in front of our school.
9. Mr&Mrs Robert
write
something on the wall.
10.
The teachersteach
in our school.
11.
Novem and Novri eat five apems.

_
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

I
do not want some oranges.
You
do not need me.
We
do not live on Babat.
They
do not have five sisters.
The girls
do not like gado-gado.
The students do not study English here.
Susi and Ida do not go
to school everyday.
The boys
do not read a newspaper in front of our
school.
9. Mr&Mrs Robert
do not write something on the wall.
10.
The teachersdo not teach
in our
school.
11.
Novem and Novri do not eat
five
apems.

10| P a g e

1. Do you want any oranges?

- Yes ido

2. Do I need you?
3. Do we live on Babat?
4. Do they have five sisters?
they do not
5. Do the girls like gado-gado?
they do not
6. Do the students study English

- no I do not

- Yes I do - no I do not
- Yes I do - no I do not
- Yes they do
- no
- Yes they do

- no

here?
- Yes they do
- no they do not
7. Do Susi and Ida go to school everyday?
- Yes they do
- no they do not
8. Do the boys read a newspaper in front of our school?Yes they do
- no they do
not
9. Do Mr and Mrs Robert write anyting on the wall?
Yes they do
- no they do
not
10.
Do the teacher teach in
our school?
- Yes they do
- no
they do not
11.
Do Novem and novri eat
five apems?
- Yes they do
- no
they do not

II.

How to write
1. Verb + s
Cook (kuk)
- Cooks
Help
- Helps
Clean (klin)
- Cleans
Work (wek)
-Works
Walk (wok)
- Walks
2. Ending in O + es
Go
- Goes
Do
- Does (das)
3. Ending in s, sh, ch, x + es
11| P a g e

:
:
:
:
:

Memasak
Membantu
Membersihkan
Bekerja
Berjalan

: Pergi
: Mengerjakan

Watch
- Watches ( watsis)
Match
- Matches (metsis) :
Brush
-Brushes (brasis) :
Wash
- Washes
:
4. Ending in Y ----> I + es
Study (stadi)
- Studies
:
Copy (kopi)
- copies
:
Try (trai)
- Tries
:
Berusaha
Carry (kerri)
- Carries
:
Cry (krai)
- Cries
:
5. Exception
Have

- Has

: Menonton
Memasangkan
Menyikat
Membersikan
Belajar
Menyalin
Mencoba,
Membawa
Menangis

: Mempunyai

Example :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
+ 2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

He (watch) TV in the livingroom.

She (have) a white cat.
The cat (drink) something under the table.
Mother (go) to the market on foot.
Rudy (copy) the lesson here.
Susi (do) her home work.
He watches TV in the livingroom.
Shehas a white cat.
The cat drinks something under the table.
Mother goes to the market on foot.
Rudy copies the lesson here.
Susi does her home work.

_
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

He does not watch TV in the livingroom.

Shedoes not have a white cat.
The cat does not drink something under the table.
Mother does not go to the market on foot.
Rudy does not copy the lesson here.
Susi does not do her home work.

?
1. Does he watch TV in the livingroom?
-Yes he does
- no he does not
12| P a g e

2. Does she have a white cat?

- Yes she does - no she
does not
3. Does the cat drink something under the table? Yes it
does - no it does not
4. Does mother go to the market on foot?
- Yes she
does
- no she does not
5. Does Rudy copy the lesson here?
- Yes she
does
- no she does not
6. Does Susi do her home work? - Yes she does - no she
does not

VERB + ING

How to write
1. Verb + ing
Repair
- Repairing
: Memperbaiki
Explain
- Explaining
: Menerangkan
Attack
- Attacking
: Menyerang
Protect
- Protecting
: Melindungi
2. Ending in (E) omitted (menghilangkan)
Make
- Making
: Membuat
Change
- Changing
: Mengubah
Arrange
- Arranging
: Menyusun
Smile
- Smiling
: Tersenyum
Close
- Closing
: Menutup
3. Ending in (IE) ----> Y
Die
- Dying
: Meninggal
Lie
- Lying
: Terletak /
Berbaring
Tie
- Tying
: Mengikat
4. Double ending
Drop
- Dropping
: Menjatuhkan
Stop
- Stopping
: Berhenti
Swim
- Swimming
: Berenang
Begin
- Beginning
: Mulai
Sit
- Sitting
: Duduk
Put
- Putting
: Meletakkan
Cut
- Cutting
: Memotong
The Pattern
13| P a g e

(sedang)
1. The boys are playing football in the yard.
2. Susi is arranging some flowers there.
What ..doing ..?

1. What are the boys doing in the yard?

-Playing
football
- They are playing football
in the yard
2. What is Susi doing there? - Arranging some flowers
- She is arranging some
flower there

AUXILARY (OKSILERY)
KATA BANTU
1. Tobe :
Is
Am
Are

wa
were
s

Been

2. Can ( ken ) - Could ( kud )

- Dapat
- Boleh
- Mungkin
3. May ( mei ) - Might (mait)
- Boleh
- Mungkin
4. Must ( mast )
- Harus
- Tentunya
5. Should ( shud )
- Seharusnya
6. Shall ( sell ) - Should
- Akan
7. Will
- Would ( wud)
- Akan
8. Have/has
- Had
- Telah
14| P a g e

- Had to
- Should

9. Do/does

- Did

The use of : can, may, must, should, will, and shall

Note : The pattern

I.

II.

Example :
I. 1.
2.
3.
+ 4.
5.

I can speak english.

You may go home at 07.15.
My mother must cook rice in the kitchen.
He should study math.
They will do the homework.

1. I can be there.
II 2. We must be diligent.
. 3. You should be friendly.
4. They will be happy.
I.

1.
2.
3.
4.

15| P a g e

I can not speak english.

You may not go home at 07.15.
My mother must not cook rice in the kitchen.
He should not study math.

5. They will not do the homework.

1. I can not be there.
II 2. We must not be diligent.
. 3. You should not be friendly.
4. They will not be happy.
I.

1. Can I speak English?

- yes I can - no I can not
2. may I go home at 07.15?
- yes I may - no I may
not
3. must My mother cook rice in the kitchen? - yes she
must
- no she must not
4. Should He study math?
- yes he should
- no he
should not
5. Will They not do the homework?
- yes they will
- no they will not

1. Can I be there?
II 2. Must We be diligent?
.
not
3. Should You be friendly?
should not
4. Will They be happy?
not

- yes I can - no I can not

- yes we must - no we must
- yes you should

- no you

- yes they will - no they will

?
VERB = KATA KERJA
Verb ada 3 macamyaitu : - Bentuk I
- Bentuk II
- Bentuk III
Cara menulis verb I menjadi II dan III dibagi menjadi dua
kelompok yaitu:
I.
II.
I.

Regular ( regule) verb

= Kata kerjaberaturan
Irregular (iiregyule) verb = Kata kerjatakberaturan
REGULAR VERB
Bentuk I menjadi II dan III + ed

a) To open
To ask
menyuruh
16| P a g e

opened
asked

opened
asked

: membuka
: bertanya,

To answer (anse)
menjawab
To play (plei)
played
To jump (jam)
jumped
To walk (wok)
walked
To work (wek)
worked
To clean (kiln)
To paint (pein)
To pull ( pul)
To push ( pus)
To wash (wos)

answered answered :

To order (o :de)
memerintah
To help
To cook (kuk)
To correct (kerek)
To laugh (laf)
To watch (wots)
To expect (ikspek)
To repair (ripe : )
To want
To need
To prefer
To plan (plein)
To borrow (burrou)
To light
To enter (ente)
To remember (rimembe)
To visit
To rest
To camp (kemp)
To climb (klaim)
mendaki
To fish
To lift
To attack (ettek)
To protect (protek)
To explain (iksplein)
To return (riten)

: memesan,

b) To listen to
mendengarkan
To look after
merawat
To look for
To look at
17| P a g e

listened to

played
jumped
walked
worked

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

bermain
melompat
berjalan
bekerja
membersihkan
mengecat
menarik
mendorong
mencuci

: menolong
: memasak
: membenarkan
: tertawa
: menonton
: mengharap
: memperbaiki
: menginginkan
: membutuhkan
: lebihsuka
: merencanakan
: meminjam
: menerangi
: memasuki
: mengingat
: mengunjungi
: beristirahat
: berkemah
: memanjat,
: memancing
: mengangkat
: menyerang
: melindungi
: menerangkan
: mengembalikan
listened to

looked after looked after

looked for
looked at

:
: menjaga,

looked for: mencari

looked at : melihat

To wait for
To talk to
To knock at

waited for waited for

: menunggu
talked to
talked to : berkatapada
knocked at knocked at
: mengetuk

c) Kata kerja (verb) berakhiran e + d

To close
closed
closed
: menutup
To dance
danced
danced : menari
To type (taip)
typed
typed
: mengetik
To smile (smail) smiled
smiled
: tersenyum
To like
liked
liked
: menyukai
To love
loved
loved
: mencintai
To dislike (dislaik)
disliked disliked
:
tidaksuka
To hate (heit)
hated
hated
: menbenci
To invite (invait) invited
invited
: mengundang
To congratulate
congratulated
congratulated
:
mengucapkanselamat
To introduce introduced introduced : mengenalkan
d) Kata kerja (verb) berakhiran Y berubah I + ed
To study
studied
studied
: belajar
To carry
carried
carried
: membawa
To copy
copied
copied
: menyalin
To try
tried
tried
: mencoba,
berusaha
To cry (krai)
cried
cried
: menangis
e) Hurufakhir di rangkap
To drop
dropped
To stop
stopped
II.

dropped
stopped

: menjatuhkan
: menghentikan

IRREGULAR VERB
A. Bentuk I, II, III berbeda
a) Tobe
Is
Was
Am
Are
To do (du)
mengerjakan
To go
To see (si )
b) To swim
berenang

18| P a g e

been ( bi :n )

did

done (dan )

went
saw (so )

gone
: pergi
seen (si:n) : melihat

swam (swem)

swum (swam) :

To sing
sang (seng) sung(sang) : bernyanyi
To drink (dring) drank (dreng)
drung (drang) :
minum
To begin
began (begen)
begun (began)
: memulai
To ring
rang (reng) rung (rang): menelfon
c) Eat (i:t)
ate (et)
eaten (iten)
: makan
Write (rai:t)
wrote (rout)
written :
menulis
Take
took (tuk) taken
: mengambil
Speak
spoke (spouk)
spoken :
berkata
Give
gave (gev) given
: memberi
Choose
chose (cos) chosen
: memilih
Break
broke (brouk)
broken :
mematahkan
Drive
drove
driven
: mengemudi
Ride
rode (roud) ridden
: menunggang
Steal
stole (stoul)
stolen
:
mencuri
Fall (fol)
fell
fallen (folen) : jatuh
Forget
forgot
forgotten : lupa
Forgive
forgave
forgiven
: memaafkan
Hide (haid)
hid
hidden
: bersembunyi
Mistake
mistook
mistaken :
membuatkesalahan
Beat (bi:t)
bite
beaten
: memukul
Bite
bit
bitten
: menggigit
d) To
To
To
To
To
To

know
blow (blou)
grow (grou)
throw (trou)
draw (drou)
fly (flai)

knew
blew
grew
threw
drew
flew

e) To wear (wie)
wore (wo:)
To tear (tie:)
tore (to :)
To swear (swee) swore

known
: mengetahui
blown
: meniup, bertiup
grown
: tumbuh
thrown
: melempar
drown
: menggambar
flown (floun)
: terbang
worn (wo:n)
: memakai
torn (to:n) : menyobek
sworn
: bersumpah

B. Bentuk II samadenganbentuk III

a) To sleep (sli :p) slept
slept
To sweep (swi :p)
swept
menyapu
To keep (ki :p) kept
kept
To leave (li : v) left
left
To feel (fi :l)
felt
felt
19| P a g e

: tidur
swept

: menyimpan
: meninggalkan
: merasakan

b) To lose (lus)
lost
lost
: kalah,
kehilangan
To mean (mi :n) meant (ment)
meant
:
berarti,bermaksud
To sit
sat (set)
sat
: duduk
To get
got
got
: mengambil
To make (meik) made (meid)
made
:
membuat
To feed (fi :d)
fed
fed
: memberimakan
To have
had (hed)
had
: mempunyai
To hear
heard (he : d)
heard
:
mendengar
To hold
held
held
: memegang
To sell
sold (sould) sold
: menjual
To tell
told
told
: menceritakan
To say
said (sed)
said
: berkata
To stand
stood (stu :d)
stood
: berdiri
To pay
paid (peid) paid
: membayar
To understand understood understood: mengerti
c) To teach (tits)
To catch (kets)
menangkap
To bring
membawa
To fight (fait)
To think (ting)
To buy (bai)
membeli
d) To build
To send
To lend
To spend

taught
taught
caught (kok)

: mengajar
caught :

brought (brot)

brought :

fought (fot) fought

tought (tot) tought
bought (bot)

: berkelahi
: berfikir
bought :

built
sent
lent
spent

:
:
:
:

built
sent
lent
spent

C. Bentuk I sama dengan bentuk III

To run (ran)
ran (ren)
run
To come (kam) came (kem) come
To become (became)
became
menjadi
D. Bentuk I II III
To cut (kat)
To set
To put
To shut
To read (ri :d)
To cost
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cut
set
put
shut
read
cost

cut
set
put
shut
read
cost

membangun
mengirim
meminjamkan
menghabiskan

: berlari
: datang
became :

:
:
:
:
:
:

memotong
terbenam
menaruh
menutup
membaca
berharga

To hurt
To hit
To let

hurt
hit
let

hurt
hit
let

: melukai
: memukul
: membiarkan

TENSES ( BENTUK-BENTUK WAKTU )

Kata kerja dalam bahasa inggris ada 3 macam yaitu ( bentuk
I, II dan III ) dimana masing-masing digunakan dan di
bedakan berdasarkan waktu. Maka pelajaran yang
mempelajari penggunaan verb sebagai predicate disebut
TENSES.
TENSES dibagi menjadi menjadi 3 :
I.

III.

PRESENT TENSE (BENTUK WAKTU SAAT INI)

1. Simple present tense
2. Present continuous tense
3. Present perfect tense
4. Present perfect continous tense
PAST TENSE (BENTUK LAMPAU)
1. Simple past tense
2. Past continuous tense
3. Past perfect tense
4. Past perfect continous tense
FUTURE TENSE (BENTUK AKAN DATANG)
1. Simple future tense
a. Simple future tense
b. Future continuous tense
c. Future perfect tense
d. Future perfect continuous tense
2. Past future tense
a. Simple past future tense
b. Past future continuous tense
c. Past future perfect tense
d. Past future perfect continuous tense

I.1

Simple present tense

II.

Inidigunakanmenceritakanperbuatan yang bermakna :

- Kebiasaan
- Ketetapan / kenyataan yang adasaatsekarang
The pattern :
A. A

21| P a g e

B.

The adverb of time

keteranganwaktu
Every day
: setiaphari
Every week
: setiapminggu
Every month
: setiapbulan
Every year
: setiaptahun
Every morning
: setiappagi
In the morning
In the afternoon
In the evening
At noon
At night

:
:
:
:
:

padawaktupagi
padawaktu sore
padawaktumalam
padawaktusiang
padawaktumalam

Once
Once a day
Once a week
Once a year
Twice
Twice a day
Twice a year
Three times
Four times
Always
Generally
Usually
Some times
Seldom
Ever
bantu
Never
Often

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

sekali
sekalisehari
sekaliseminggu
sekalisetahun
2 kali
dua kali sehari
dua kali setahun
3 kali
4 kali
selalu
biasanya
biasanya
kadangkadang
jarang
pernah

:
di akhirkalimat
= when ?
kapan

di akhirkalimat
= how often ?
berapa kali

tempatnya :
- sesudah subject
- sesudah kata

: takpernah
: sering

Example :

+ 1. We go to school everyday.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

22| P a g e

Rudi and Amir watch tv in the morning.

She studies English.
Father drinks coffee in the morning.
The boy has three pencils.
He is sometime here.
I am always there.
We are at home everyday.

9. The sun rises in the east.

10.
11.

I.2

School begins at 07.00.

The moon is round.

1. We dont go to school everyday.

2. Rudi and Amir dont watch tv in the morning.
3. She doesnt study English.
4. Father doesnt drink coffee in the morning.
5. The boy doesnt have three pencils.
6. He is not sometime here.
7. I am not always there.
8. We are not at home everyday.
9. The sun doesnt rise in the east.
10.
School doesnt begin at
07.00.
11.
The moon is not around.
1. Do we go to school everyday?
Yes we do
no we
dont
2. Do Rudi and Amir watch tv in the morning? Yes they do
no they dont
3. Does she study English?
Yes she does no she
doesnt
4. Does father drink coffee in the morning?
Yes he does
no he doesnt
5. Does the boy have three pencils? Yes he does
no he
doesnt
6. Is he sometime here?
Yes he is no he isnt
7. Do you always there?
Yes I am no I am not
8. Are we at home everyday?
Yes we are
no we
are not
9. Does the sun rise in the east?
Yes it does
no it
doesnt
10.
Does the school begin
at 07.00?
yes it does
no it
doesnt
11.
Is the moon around?
Yes it is
no it is not
Present continuous tenses
Ini digunakan untuk menceritakan perbuatan yang
sementara (sedang) dilakukan saat sekarang (pada saat
berbicara).

The pattern
23| P a g e

A.

B.

The adverb of time :

- .. Now
- .. At present !
- .. at the moment !
- .. right now

to day
this week
this month
this year

Comment :
- Look !
- Listen !
- Be quite !
Example :

+ 1. They are buying apples now.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

He is eating gado-gado now.

Look ! Susi is swimming in the pool.
Listen ! She is singing in the bathroom.
We are here now.
Look !she is at home now.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

They are not buying apples now.

He is not eating gado-gado now.
Look ! Susi is not swimming in the pool.
Listen ! She is not singing in the bathroom.
We are not here now.
Look !she is not at home now.

1. Are they buying apples now?

Yes they are no they
are not
2. Is he eating gado-gado now?
Yes he is no he is not
3. Look !is Susi swimming in the pool ?
yes she is
no she is not
4. Listen !is she singing in the bathroom?
Yes she is
no she is not
5. Are we nere now?
Yes we are
no we
are not
6. Look !is she at home now?
Yes she is no she is
not

24| P a g e

I.3

Present perfect tenses

Ini digunakan untuk menceritakan bukan perbuatan tapi
akibat dari perbuatan yang didasarkan pada masa kini.
Perbuatannya sendiri dimulai pada saat lampau.

The pattern :
A.

B.

The adverb of time :

already
: sudah
yet
: sudah
before
: sebelumnya
recently
: akhir akhir ini
lately
: akhir akhir ini
already
ever
never
just

:
:
:
:

sudah
pernah
tidak pernah
baru saja

since
for
since yesterday
since just now
since last night
for a week
for three week
so for
several time

: sejak
: selama

diakhir kalimat

sesudah auxilary

diakhir kalimat
how long .?
berapa lama
: sampai sekarang
: berkali-kali

example :

+ 1. I have studied English since two years ago.

2. Mother has watched tv for an hour.
3. Rudy has been to Surabaya.

1. I have not studied English since two years ago.

2. Mother has not watched tv for an hour.
3. Rudy has not been to Surabaya.
1. Have you studied English since two years ago? Yes I
have
no I have not

25| P a g e

2. Has mother watched tv for an hour?

Yes she has
no she has not
3. Has Rudi been to Surabaya?
Yes he has
no he
has not

CARA MENANYAKAN VERB III

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

I have studied English.

Mother has watched tv.
Rudi has eaten rice.
They have played volley ball.
Father has drunk a glass of coffee.
What done ?
6. What have you done? I have studied English
7. What has mother done?She has watched tv
8. What has rudi done?
Rudy has eaten rice
9. What have they done? They have played volley ball
10.
What has father done? Father has
drunk a glass of coffee

I.4

Present perfect cont tenses

Digunakan untuk menceritakan perbuatan yang dimulai
pada saat lampau dan sekarng pada waktu berbicara
perbuatannya masih terus berlangsung.

The pattern :
A.

B.
26| P a g e

The adverb of time :

Sama dengan present perfect tenses
Example :
1. I have been walking for three hours.

+ 2. We have been living in Jakarta since 1970.

3. It has been raining since yesterday.
4. Two woman has been talking for two hours.
5. Ida has been standing at the bus stop for half on bus.

II.4

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

I have not been walking for three hours.

We have not been living in Jakarta since 1970.
It has not been raining since yesterday.
Two woman has not been talking for two hours.
Ida has not been standing at the bus stop for half on
bus.

1. Have been you walking for three hours?

Yes I have
no I have not
2. Have been we living in Jakarta since 1970? Yes we
have
no we have not
3. Has been it raining since yesterday?
Yes it has
no it has not
4. Has been two woman talking for two hours?
Yes
they has
no they has not
5. Has been ida standing at the bus stop for half on bus?
Yes she has
no she has
not

Simple past tenses

Ini digunakan untuk menceritakan perbuatan yang
dilakukan pada waktu lampau

The pattern :
A.

27| P a g e

B.

The adverb of time :

Yesterday
: kemaren
The day before yesterday
Yesterday morning

In the morning
Just now

: tadi pagi
: tadi

ago
A day ago
Five days ago
A week ago
Two years ago

: .. yang lalu
: sehari yang lalu

Last
Last
Last
Last
Last
Last
Last

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

week
Sunday
month
year
January
night

: kemaren lusa

yang lalu
seminggu yang lalu
hari minggu yang lalu
bulan lalu
tahun lalu
bulan januari yang lalu
malam yang lalu

Example :
1. We studied English just now.

+ 2. He wanted to buy a book.

3.
4.
5.
6.

Mother bought a flower yesterday.

Rudi went to Surabaya.
They were here last night.
I was there a day ago.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

We did not study English just now.

He did not want to buy a book.
Mother did not buy a flower yesterday.
Rudi did not go to Surabaya.
They were not here last night.
I was not there a day ago.

28| P a g e

II.2

1. Did we study English just now?

Yes we did no
we did not
2. Did he want to buy a book?
Yes he did no he did not
3. Did mother buy a flower yesterday?
Yes she did no
she did not
4. Did Rudi go to Surabaya?
Yes he did no he did not
5. Were they here last night?
Yes they were
no they
were not
6. Were you there a day ago?
Yes I was no I was not
Past continuous tenses
Digunakan untuk menceritakan perbuatan yang sedang
terjadi pada saat lampau.

The pattern :
A.
B.
The adverb of time :
Sama dengan simple past tense.
Example :
1. I was borrowing some books.

+ 2. He was teaching English here.

3. Susi was bringing two bags here.
4. The boys were building a house for the pigeon.

1.
2.
3.
4.

I was not borrowing any books.

He was not teaching English here.
Susi was not bringing two bags here.
The boys were not building a house for the pigeon.

1. Were you borrowing any books?

Yes I was no
I was not
2. Was he teaching English here?
Yes he was no
he was not
3. Was susi bringing two bags here?
Yes she was
no she was not
4. Were the boys building a house for the pigeon? Yes
they were

29| P a g e

no they were
not
III.
III.1

FUTURE TENSE
Simple future tense
Ini digunakan untuk menceritakan perbuatan yang
dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang.

The pattern :
- Menggunakan auxiliary : kata bantu
Shall
Will
akan
To be going to
Aturannya :
Subject
Shall

I
We

will
all subject
to be going to

C.

D.

The adverb of time :

Tomorrow
: besok
Tomorrow morning : besok pagi
The day after tomorrow
: besok lusa
Tonight
: nanti malam
when ?
This evening
: mala mini
kapan
Next
: akan datang, depan
Next week
: minggu depan
Next month
: bulan depan
Next year
: tahun depan
Soon
: segera

30| P a g e

Example :
1. I shall study English tonight.
I will study English tonight.
I am going to study English tonight
2. We shall play foot ball in the yard tomorrow.
We will play foot ball in the yard tomorrow.
We are going to play foot ball in the yard tomorrow.
3. Rudi will write a letter next week.
Rudi is going to write a letter next week.
4. He will sit under the three soon.
He is going to sit under the three soon.
5. Susi will be there this evening.
Susi is going to be there this evening.

ACTIVE VOICE
PASSIVE VOICE

I.

ACTIVE VOICE
1. I eat rice everyday.
2. We are drinking coffee now.
3. You have studied English for 3 years.
4. He has been building a home.
1.
2.
3.
4.

31| P a g e

She bought two apples just now.

They were visiting the teacher.
Ida had repaired the radio.
The boys had been preparing the party.

II.

1. Rudi will watch the film tonight.

2. Mother will be meeting the guest.
3. I will have finished the work.
4. He will have been writing the letter.
Passive voice

1.
2.
3.
4.

Rice is eaten by me everyday.

Coffee is being drunk by us now.
English has been studied by you for 3 years.
A house has been being built by him.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Two apples were bought by her just now.

The techer was be being visited by them.
The radio had been repaired by ida.
The party had been being prepared by the boy.

1.
2.
3.
4.

The
The
The
The

film will be watched by Rudi tonight.

guest will be being met by mother.
work will have been finished by me.
letter will have been being wrote by him.

NOUN

I.1

We use in a sentence may be in front of :

-

I.2

One word
Phrase
Clause
Noun phrase
Noun clause

The function
-

As subject
Complement
Object

Example :
1. Sugar is sweet.
32| P a g e

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I.3

The boy will leave for bandung.

That is chocolate.
There is some oil in the bottle.
We eat rice
Mother has bought a lot of apples.

Noun Clause
Using conjunction
That
: bahwa
If
: apakah
Whether
: apakah
When
: kapan
Where
: dimana
Why
: mengapa
What
: apa / siapa
Who
: siapa
How
: bagaimana / naik apa
How old / long / wide / deep / far / tall
How many

The pattern :

Example :
I.4

.. That ida will come here

.. If you went to say
.. Why she is crying
.. Where Rudi is
.. How old they are
.. What his name is
.. What you like
Who he invited yesterday
Who comes first

As subject

33| P a g e

Example :
1.
2.
3.
4.
I.5

That ida will come here makes me happy.

Why she is crying is the problem.
What you bought just now is interesting.
Who comes first must clean the classroom.

As complement

Example :
1.
2.
3.
4.
I.6

That is what he want.

How old I am is what she asks.
His question is how many book I have.
What you like is what I like.

As object
The pattern :

Tenses :
Simple present
Simple past

all tenses
past

Predicate : certain verb

Think
Know
Say
Tell
Understand
Forget
Believe
Ask
menyuruh
Hope
Expect
Guess
Imagine
Suppose

taought
knew
said
told
understood
forgot

tought
:
known
:
said
:
told
:
understood:
forgotten :
:
:

Example :
1. I think that Ida likes gado-gado.
34| P a g e

:
:
:
:
:

berpikir
mengetahui
mengatakan
menceritakan
mengerti
melupakan
percaya
bertanya,
berharap
mengharapkan
menebak
membayangkan
menduga

I think that I will come here.

I think that she is studying English.
I think that she went just now.
I think that she has had breakfast.
2. He knows how old you are.
He knows how you come here.
He knows where Ida is.
He knows where ida was.
He knows where ida has been.
3. He asked me if Susi liked sate.
He asked me if Susi would go there.
He asked me if Susi was sleeping.
He asked me what I bought last night.
He asked me where she was.
He asked me why she had been here.

DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH ( REPORTED SPEECH)
I.1

Direct speech
1. Rin says to Rudi, I am student.
2. Rin says to Rudi, Susi will meet you.
3. Rin says to Rudi, I love you.
4. Rin says to Rudi, I went to Surabya.
5. Rin says to Rudi, Ida is decorting the room.
6. Rin says to Rudi, I dont expect you.
7. Rin says to Rudi, You dont help me.
8. Rin says to Rudi, They havent known me.
9. Rin says to Rudi, Ida cant speak english.
10.
Rina says to me, are you student?.
11.
Rina ask me , does ida wait for you?.
12.
Rina ask me , did they have a ceremony?.
13.
Rina ask me , have you finished your task?.
14.
Rina ask me , where is ida?.
15.
Rina ask me , how old are you?.
16.
Rina ask me , when did ida send the letter?.
17.
Rina ask me , what have you done?.
18.
Rudi says to rina, read your book!.
Rudi asks rina,
Rudi tells rina,
Rudi orders rina,
19.
Rina ask to me, come to my party, plese!.
20.
Rina ask to me, be quite, plese!.
21.
Rina ask to me, dont disturb me!.
22.
Rina ask to me, dont be noisy!.

35| P a g e

I.1

Indirect Speech
1. Rin says to Rudi that she is a student
2. Rin says to Rudi that Susi will meet you.
3. Rin says to Rudi that she loves him.
4. Rin says to Rudi that she went to surabaya.
5. Rin says to Rudi that ida decorating the room.
6. Rin says to Rudi that she doesnt expect him.
7. Rin says to Rudi that he didnt help her.
8. Rin says to Rudi that they havent known her.
9. Rin says to Rudi that ida cant speak english.
10.
Rina says to me if I am a student.
11.
Rina ask me if ida waits for me.
12.
Rina ask me if they had a ceremony.
13.
Rina ask me if I have finished my task.
14.
Rina ask me where ida is.
15.
Rina ask me how old I am.
16.
Rina ask me when ida sent the letter.
17.
Rina ask me what I am done.
18.
Rudi says to rina to read her book.
Rudi asks rina,
Rudi tells rina,
Rudi orders rina,
19.
Rina ask to me to come to her party.
20.
Rina ask to me to be quite.
21.
Rina ask to me not to disturb her.
22.
Rina ask to me not to be noisy.

II.1

Didalam direct speech (induk kalimat = simple past) di

ubah menjadi indirect Speech terjadi perubahan tense
pada ucapan langsungnya.
Simple present tense
Present continuous tense
tense
Present perfect tense
Present perfect countinuous
continuous

simple past tense

past countinuous

Simple past tense

Past continuous tense

Past perfect tense

Past perfect continuous

continuous

past perfect tense

past perfect continuous
past perfect cuntinuous

past perfect

36| P a g e

pas perfect tense

past perfect

Simple future tense

Future continuous tense

countinuous tense
Future perfect tense
Future perfect countinuous
perfect continuous

II.2

simple past future tense

past future
pas future perfect tense

past future

Note : Perubahan
-

The adverb of place

The adverb of time

Now
To day
This week
Tomorrow
Next week
Yesterday
Two days ago
Last month

Then
That day
that week
the following day
the following week
the day before
two days before
the previous month

Here
This
These

There
That
Those

1. Rina
2. Rina
3. Rina
4. Rina
5. Rina
6. Rina
7. Rina
8. Rina
9. Rina
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
37| P a g e

said to rudi that she was a student

said to rudi that would meet him
said to rudi that she loved you
said to rudi that she had gone to Surabaya
said to rudi that ida was decorating the room
said to rudi that she didnt expect him
said to rudi that hehad not helped her
said to rudi that they had not know her
said to rudi that ida could not speak english
Rina asked me if i was a student?
Rina asked me if ida waited for me?
Rina asked me they had held a ceremony?
Rina asked me i had finished my task
Rina asked me where ida was?
Rina asked me how old i was?
Rina asked me when ida had sent the letter
Rina asked me what i had done
Rudi asked Rina to read her book

Rudi
Rudi
19.
20.
21.
22.

tolded Rina to read her book

ordered Rina to read her book
Rudi ordered Rina to came to her
Rudi ordered Rina to came to her
Rudi ordered Rina to came to her
Rudi ordered Rina not to came to

BEGITU JUGA
TIDAK JUGA

I.

So + aux + S : begitu juga + S

S + aux + too : S + juga

Example :
1. A : I like gado-gado
B : So do i
I do too
2. A : We drink coffee
B : So does Ida
3. A : Ida went here for english
B : So did i
I did too
4. A : they have finished their work
B : So has Rudi
Rudi has too
5. A : susi can speak english
B : So can i
I can too
6. A : she is pretty
B : So am i
I am too

II.

Neither + aux + S : tidak juga + S

S + aux + not + either : S + tidak juga

Example :

38| P a g e

party please
party please
party please
her party please

1. A
B
2. A
B
3. A
B
4. A
B
5. A
B
6. A
B

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

I dont like gado-gado

Neither do I / I dont either
we dont drink coffee
Neither do Ida / Ida dont either
Ida didnt get go for english
Neither did I / I dint either
they have not finished their work
Neither has Rudi / Rudi hasnt either
Susi cannot speak english
Neither can I/ I cant either
She isnt lazy
Neither am I/ I am not either

KATA SIFAT (AJECTIVE)

Kata yang menerangkan / memberi sifat (ciri) kata benda

(noun).
Dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) kelompok :
1. Berupa warna :
- Black
- Blue
- White
2. Bukan warna :
- Old
- Young
- Big
- Small
Tempatnya di dalam kalimat :
I.
Di belakang tobe (complement)
- Berupa warna
1. The dog is black.
2. The cat is white.
3. My bike is blue.
4. Idas flower is red.
5. Those car is green.
What colour?
Apa warna

- Bukan warna
1. Susi is beautiful.
2. The boy is tall.
39| P a g e

3.
4.
5.
6.

II.

The girls are happy.

The horse is strong.
He is old.
I am fat
- What .like ?seperti apa .?
- How.?

Adjective + Noun ------ as modifier

Bersama noun ( sebelum noun) ------- modifier
A book
new
: a new book
The house
big
: the big house
My cat
white
: my white cat
Idas flower
yellow
: idas yellow
flower

Example:
Cara menanyakan adjective ( bersama noun)----- which (wits)
= yang mana
1. I have a new bag.
Which bag ? a new one
Yang
2. The beautiful girls are playing in the yard.
3. There is a tall boy in the yard.
4. Mother bought me a good blouse.
5. Mother will eat the red apple.
Answer:
1. Which bag do you have? a new one I have a new one
2. Which girls are playing in the yard? the beautiful one
3. Which boy is there in the yard? a tall one there is a
tall one in the yard
4. Which blouse did mother buy me? a good one
mother bought me a good one
5. Which apple will mother eat? the red one mother
will eat the red one

III.

Sesudah kata kerja (verb) tertentu

40| P a g e

To look
looked
To seem
seemed
To appear appeared
To taste
tasted
To turn
turned
To feel
felt
To become
menjadi
To go
went
To run
ran
To grow
grew
To get
got

looked
seemed
appeared
tasted
turned
felt
became

: kelihatan
: kelihatan
: kelihatan
: terasa
: berubah
: merasa
become

gone
run
grown
got

:
:
:
:

menjadi
menjadi
menjadi
menjadi

Example :
1. Ida looks happy.
2. His hair turned white.
3. Rudi appeared pale.
How..? =bagaimana
IV.

Sesudah kata kerja (verb) tertentu

Want (wont)
menginginkan
Prefer
Push (push)
Bang (beng)
Paint (peint)
Bake (beik)
Boil
Like
Fill
Find
found
Keep
kept
Cut
cut
Make
made
Wipe (waip)
Leave
left

: ingin,

found
kept
cut
made
left

Example:
1. I want everything ready.
2. He liked his tea sweat.
3. She prefers her coffee strong.
4. Rudi banged the door closed.
41| P a g e

: lebih suka
: mendorong
: membanting
: mengecat
: membakar
: merebus
: suka
: mengisi
: menemukan
: menjaga
: memotong
: membuat
: mengelap
: meninggalkan

5.
6.
7.
8.

The man has painted the house white.

Why is crying makes me worried.
That my boy friend will come here makes me happy.
I found the room empty.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Where
Where
Where
Where
Where
Where

do
do
do
do
do
do

you
you
you
you
you
you

go
go
go
go
go
go

if
if
if
if
if
if

you
you
you
you
you
you

want
want
want
want
want
want

your
your
your
your
your
your

suit tailored?
tv fixed?
car repaired?
hair cut?
shoes mended?
clothes washed?

Note : They have passive meanings

Note :
1.
2.
3.
4.

Tailored
Fixed
Repaired
Cut
Mended
Washed

:
:
:
:
:
:

dijahit
diperbaiki, dibetulkan
diperbaiki
dipotong
diperbaiki, ditambal
di cuci

Workshop
: bengkel
Auto repair shop

How do you
How do you
How do you
How do you
mashed?
5. How do you

like
like
like
like

your
your
your
your

: bengkel mobil

tomatoes, raw or cooked?

steak rare, medium, or well done?
coffee, balck or white cream?
potatoes, baked, fried, or

like your bread, plain or teasted?

Note :
-

42| P a g e

Raw (ro)
Rare (rer)

: mentah, kasar
: setengah masak (of meat)
Aneh (of disease)
Luar biasa (of talents)
Jarang / langka
Medium (miediem)
: (Noun)
Dukun (yang dapat berhubungan
dengan roh)
Perantaraan
(adj) sedang
Setengah masak
Well done
: dimasak matang

Baked
:
Mashed
:
Plain
:
Toasted (toustid)
Toast (Noun)
:

dibakar
ditumbuk
biasa , datar
: dipanggang
roti panggang

VERB
The function as
- Predicate (tenses)
- Complement
- Object
- subject
I.
verb as subject
Using
- to infinitive
- verb ing (gerund)
A

II.

1. To read is my hobby.
Reading
2. To drink milk is my hobby.
Drinking milk
3. To play scrable is my hobby.
Playing scrable
1. To be oldmust be careful.
Being old
2. To be hungrymakes me sleepy.
Being hungry
3. To be alone is not comfortable.
Being alone
4. To be honest is not easy.
Being honest
Verb as complement

Using
- To infinitive
- Verb ing (gerund)
1. My hobby is to play volley ball.
Playing volley ball.
2. His choice is to eat fried chicken.
43| P a g e

Eating fried chicken.

3. Her plan may be to go shooping.
Going to shooping.
III.
A
)

Verb as object
.
-

Setelah kata kerja sebagai berikut,

Want
Need
Wish
Have
Plan
Decide
Pretend
Mean
Ask
Get
Order
Tell
Command
Allow
Remind
Expect
Hope
Force
Invite
Lead
Persuade
Beg
Promise
Refuse
Permit
Advise
Agree
Desire
Learn

had

had

meant

meant

got

got

told

told

led

led

: ingin
: harus
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

memutuskan
berpura-pura
maksudkan
bertanya
mendapat
memesan
menceritakan
menyuruh, memrintahkan
memperkenalkan
mengingatkan
mengharapkan
berharap
memaksa
mengundang
meimpin
membujuk
meminta
berjanji
menolak
mengijinkan
menyarankan
menyetujui
menghendaki
mempelajari

Example :
1. I want to take it home.
2. He needed to repair the radio.
44| P a g e

3. She had to sweep the floor.

4. Mother allowed me to go with him.
5. He gets the servant to prepare breakfast.

B
)

begin
began
Consider
Hate
Prefer
Regret
Start
Try
Continue
Dislike
Intend
Forget
forgot
Remember
Stop
Like
Love

Begun

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
forgotten :
:
:
:
:

Mulai
Mmempertimbangkan
Benci
Lebih suka
Menyesal
Memulai
Mencoba, berusaha
Melanjutkan
Membenci
Bermaksud
Melupakan
Ingat
Berhenti
Suka
Mencintai

Example :
1. He began to build a house
Building
2. We intend to participate the game
participating
Note : Using to invinitive and ing form has the different
meaning
1. a ) She forgets posting the letter
It meas she posted the letter but she forgets
anout it
b) She forgets to post the letter
It means she forget that she is supposed to post it
seharusnya
2. a) I remember returning his note book
It means I returned his note book and I remember
about it
b) I remember to return his note book

45| P a g e

It means - I remember that i must return his

notebook
3. a) he stopped smoling when his father come
b) the doctor said : you must stop to smoke

C
)

avoid
:
Appreciate
:
Deny
:
Enjoy
Finish
Postpone
:
Neglect
:
Excuse
:
parden
Admit
:
Practice
Miss
:
Melewatkan
Escape
:
Imagine
Risk
:
Mind
:
Forgive
Forgave
Forgiven
Understand Understood Understood
Keep
Kept
Kept
:
Example :
1. She always avoids meeting him
2. He has finished reading the novel
-

Example :
1. I cant stand laughing
46| P a g e

menghindari
Menghargai
Menyangkal
Menunda
Meremehkan
Meminta maaf
Meyakini
Merindukan,
Jalan keluar, pelarian
Mempertaruhkan
Berkeberatan
Terus menerus

Need
Require
Want

perlu

Example :
1. My radio wants repairing
To be repaired
2. The floor needs sweeping
To be swept
3. His hair requires cutting
To be cut
-

let
Make
Have
Help

Let
Made
Had

Let
Made
Had

:
:
:
:

Membiarkan
Memaksa
Menyuruh
Membantu

Example :
1. Lets go!
2. The man made me go out
3. mather has susi cook rice
4. i helped mother clean the kitchen
-

Hear
See
Feel
Find
Catch
Leave
Watch
Observe
Notice
47| P a g e

Heard
Saw
Felt
Found
Caught
left

Heard
Seen
Felt
Found
Caught
left

: Meninggalkan

smell

Example:
1. I heard ida sing a song
Singing
2. He saw me deliver thet letter
Delivering
Note :
1. I heard ida sing a song
It means : I Heard ida. She sang a song.
2. I heard ida singing a song
It means : I Heard ida. She was singing a song.

NOTE : ABOUT GERUND

48| P a g e

I.

Preposition + gerund
In
From
Becaus
e of

49| P a g e

On
With
While
At
Without
Until

By
About
When
etc.
for
before

II.

By using
What about going together
For studying English
No + gerund : di larang
No smoking
No parking
No spitting
: di larang meludah
No overtaking
: dilarang mendahului
No loitering
: di larang mondar
mandir

III.

It is no use / good + gerund

Tak ada gunanya
- It is no use arguiring : bertengkar

IV.

Its worth + gerund

Layak / patut
- It is worth saying thank you

ADJECTIVE

I.

.
-

Good at
Quick at
Slow at
Mad at

:
:
:
:

Pandai
Cepat (dalam /pada)
Lambat
Tergila-gila

Auxious for
Eager for
Famous for
Fit for
Unfit for
Necessary for
Responsible for
Sorry for
Suitable for
Useful for
Different from
Free from
Safe from
Separate from
Efficient in
Rich in
Succesful in
Interested in
Careful with
Angry with
Content with
Familiar with
Patient with
Annoyed with
Popoular with
Afraid of
Aware of
Careful of
Frightened of
Good of
Certain of
Conclous of
Fond of
Full of
Ignorant of
Innocent of
Proud of
Glad of
Kind of
Tired of

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Khawatir (akan / pada)

Ingin sekali
Terkenal
Siap
Perlu (Untuk)
Perlu (Untuk)
Bertanggung jawb (Atas)
Menyesal (akan)
Cocok untuk
Berguna
Berbeda (dari)
Bebas (dari)
Aman (dari)
Terpisah
Tepat (di dalam)
Kaya (akan)
Berhasil (dalam)
Tertarik
Hati hati (dengan)
Marah (pada)
Puas (dengan)
Kenal / akrab (dengan)
Sabar (dengan)
Jengkel (pada)
Terkenal (diantara)
Takut (pada)
Sadar (pada)
Hari hati (pada)
Takut (pada)
Baik (nya)
Yakni / pasti (pada)
Sadar (pada)
Gemar
Penuh (dengan)
Tidak tahu (pada / akan)
Tak bersalah (pada / akan)
Bangga (pada)
Senang
Baik hati (nya)
Bosan (pada)

Acceptable to
Appropriate to
Faithful to
Friendly to
Kind to
Loyal to
Obidient to
Polite to

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Dapat diterima
Cocok/tepat
Setia (pada)
Ramah (pada)
Baik hati (pada)
Setia (pada)
Patuh (pada)
Sopan (pada)

Rude to
Similar to
strange to
True to
Popular to / with
Keen on
Surprised at

:
:
:
:

Kasar (pada)
Sama dengan
Asing pada
Setia / taat (pada)

: Suka (pada)
: Heran (pada)

Example :
1. I am afraid to go alone
2. I am afraid of going alone
3. I am afraid of the dog

VERB ING / VERB III

Adjective

There are some verb Ing / verb III that have the meaning /
function of adjective.
VERB

ADJECTIVE

To tire (tale)
Melelahkan

Tiring
Tired

: melelahkan
: lelah

To bore (bo)
membosankan

Boring
Bored

: membosankan
: bosan

To surprise (sepraise) Surprising

Mengherankan
Surprised

: mengherankan
: heran

To shock
Mengejutkan

Shocking
Shocked

: mengejutkan
: Terkejut

To interest
Menaruh perhatian

Interesting : menarik
Interested : tertarik

To worry
Mencemaskan

Worrying
Worried

: mencemaskan
: cemas

To confuse (kenfyus)
Membingungkan

Confusing
Confused

: membingungkan
: bingung

To amuse (emyus)
Menyenangkan

Amusing
Amused

: lucu
: senang

To annoy (ennoy)
Annoying
Mengganggu / menggoda
To exhaust
Melelahkah

: menjengkelkan
Annoyed : jengkel

Exhausting : melelahkan
Exhausted : lelah

To distinguish
Distinguishing
membedakan , istimewa
Membedakan
Distinguished
terhormat

: yang

To dissapoint
Mengecewakan

Dissapointing
Dissapointed

: mengecewakan
: kecewa

To frighten (fraiten)
Menakutkan

Frightening : menakutkan
Frightenend
: takut

To irritate (iriteit)
Menjengkelkan
Mengganggu
To deppress
Menyedihkan
Menekan

Irritating
Irritated

To go
To break
To damage
To prepare (priper)
To delight (di lait)
senang/gembira
Menyenangkan

Gone
Broken
Damaged
Prepared
Delighted

:
:
:
:
:

To excite (eksait)
Menggairahkan

Exciting
Excited

: mengasyikkan
: gembira

:Terkenal,

: menjengkelkan
: jengkel

Deppresing : menyedihkan
Deppressed : sedih
lenyap
pecah
rusak
siap, bersedia
sangat

THE KIND OF THE SENTENCE

I. Positive sentence (+)

Affirmative
II. Negative sentence (?)
III.Interrogative sentence (?)
IV. Negative interrogative sentence (?)
V. Imperative sentence (!)
VI.
-

Imperative Sentence
Kalimat Perintah (command)
Bisa juga disebut commad (perintah)
Commad ada 2 (dua) macam
1. Commad (+)
2. Commad (-)
1. Command (+)
Rumus :
a) Mm
Example :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
b) N

Open the door (please)!

Read your book!
Compete the sentence!
Fill the blanks!
change the sentence into negative!
Arrange the words!

Example :
1.
2.
3.
4.

Be careful (please)!
: hati-hatilah
Be deligent!
: rajinlah
Be quiet!
: tenanglah
be patient!
: sabarlah

2. Command (-)
Rumus :
a) Mm

Jangan..
Example :
1. Dont open the door, please!
2. Dont sit here!
3. Dont play outsude!
b) nn
Example :
1.
2.
3.
4.

Dont
Dont
Dont
Dont

be
be
be
be

careless!
angry!
noisy!
lazy!

Ceroboh
Marah
Ribut
Malas

Command (+) Request (Permintaan)

If we want someone to do something, we can use :
1. Command (+)
: perintah (+)
2. Request
: permintaan

REQUEST : PERMINTAAN
The pattern
I.

II.

: Polanya

Will you ............

(please)?
Can you.............
(please)?
Wont you ........
(please)?
Cant you...........(please)?
Would you .......
(please)?
Could you..........(please)?
Wouldnt you....(please)?
Couldnt you.....(please)?

III.

Would you like to..............(please)?

Would you please.............(please)?
Would you mind (Verb + ing).......?
kamu keberatan.

Conservation

Commad (+)
1. A : open the door, please?
B : (+) yes, sir mom
All right
Okey
(-) I am sorry
I am tired
Maaf
I am studying
I am busy
2. A: sit down , please!
Come in please !
Wait inside, please!
B: yes, thank you/ thanks (+)
No, thank you/ thanks (-)

Request
1. A : will you open the door, please!
B : yes, sir/ mom
All right
okey
yes, I will
Ya Tentu
yes of course
yes, sure
yes certainly
(-)

I am sorry

I am busy
I am studying

Apakah

: lelah
: belajar
: sibuk

OFFERING
How to offer something

The pattern
a. Do you want to .............?
Dont you want to..........?
b. How about + Verb Ing............?
c. Using Request
Will You.....................?
Wont you...................?
Would you.................?
Wouldnt you.............?
Would you like to......?
Example:
1. A : dou you want (to eat) gado-gado?
B : (+) yes, thank you
(-) No, thank you
2. A : what will you drink coffe, or tea, please?
B:
Tea, please
I want to drink coffe, please?
I would like to
Id like to
3. A : What would you like to eat ?
B : fried chicken, please?
I want to eat fried chicken, please
I would like to
Id like to

INVITATION
The pattern :
1. Do you want to .................(please)?
Dont you want to.............(please)?
2. How/what about .......................(verb+ing)
3. Request
4. Do you feel like ......................(verb+ing)?
I wondered if you could>
Example :
1. A : will you come to my birthday party, please?
B : (accepting) sure/certainly/of course
Agreement Id like to
Id be glad to
It sound nice/thank you
Thanks / thank you
2. A : would you like to come to my birthday party?
B : (refusing)
Id love to
Id like to
Id be glad to
But Im busy
thank you

CAN I
MAY I
COULD I

BOLEHKAN SAYA

Digunakan untuk

1. Offering some help

2. Asking for permission

: Menawarkan Bantuan
: Minta , Izin

1. Offering Some Help

a. A : Can I
May I
Could I
B : (accepting) : menerima
Yes, thanks
(refusing)
: menolak
No, thanks
b. A : Can I
May I
bring your basket
Could I
B : yes, thanks
c. A : what can I do for you?
Can i help you
B : I want to buy a T-Shirt
2. Asking For Permission
a. A : can I
May I
borrow your book?
Could I
B : (Boleh) yes, of course
Yes, sure
Yes, certainly
(Tidak boleh)

tentu

: I am sorry, I am using it

b. A : Can I use your bike ?

B : I am sorry, my brother is using it
c. A : May i wash my hands ?
Pergi ke belakang
B : Yes, sure

CAUSATIVE HAVE

Have : Menyuruh
The Pattern :
A. ,,
pelak
u
1. I have Ida clean the table

2.
3.
4.
5.

Mother has me cook rice

Susi had Rudi come on time
He will have the girl prepare the food
She has had us have lunch

Note :
have can be changed by the verb
Such as :
Ask
Asked
Asked
Tell
Told
Told
Get
Got
Got
Menyuruh
Order
Ordered
Ordered
The pattern :

pelak
u

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

I ask ida to clean the table.

Mother Gets me to cook rice.
Susi Tells Rudi to come on time.
He will Asks the girl prepare the food.
She has Got us have lunch.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Sasaran di
.
Father has the car cleaned
I have the floor swept
My brother had the radio repaired
Ida will have her blouses washed
he have had the chairs arranged
He must have his rice fried

B. c

The sentence above mean....

1. Father has someone clean the car
Father asks someone to clean the car
Father tells someone to clean the car
Father gets someone to clean the car
Father orders someone to clean the car
Note :
-

Have
ask + noun

+ noun +
+
to inf

inf

menyuruh

tell
get
order

Let let let

+ noun
+ inf
allow + noun + to inf
Memperkenalkan
Membiarkan

Make made made

+ noun + to inf
Memaksa

+ noun +

THE KINDS OF ADVERB (KETERANGAN)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The

adverb
adverb
adverb
adverb
adverb
adverb
adverb
adverb

of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of

place
time
manner (cara)
reason (sebab)
result (akibat)
purpose
contrast (pertentangan)
conditional

inf

force

THE ADVERB OF CONDITION

One word : Phrase

: Cause
: The adverb cause of condition
The adverb cause of coundition
Condition sentence
There are two tpes of it :
- Type I
- Type II
- Type III
I.

Type I
Using conjunction if : Jika
Future

Possibility

The pattern :

Simple Future
Will
Can
May
Must
Should
Commad (+)(-)

- Simple Present
Present Perfect Tense

Example :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

I will come to your party if you invite me.

Susi will be happy if he is here.
You can go home if you have finished it.
You must study hard if you want to pass the exam.
Open the door if it is hot.
Dont be noisy if the baby sleeps.

The subclause can be placed in front of the sentence

1. If you invite me, i will come to your party.
2. If he is here, Susi will be happy.
3. If you have finished it, you can go home.

4. If you want to pass the exam, you must study hard.

5. If it is hot, open the door.
6. If the baby sleeps, dont be noisy.
Note : ...........if...........not............= unless = jika tidak
1. You may go home if you dont want to play.
You may go home unless you want to play.
2. She will come here if he isnt here.
She will come here unless he is here.
II.

Type II
Using conjunction if : seandainya
present
The pattern : kalimat pengandaian

Simple Past Future

-

Un real

- Simple Past
were

Example :
1. I would come to your party if you invited me.
2. Susi would be happy if he were here.
3. You could go home if you finished it.
Fact :
-

simple present tense

From the sentence we can say...
What is the fact of the sentence ?
What does it means ? it means.......

1. I dont come to your party if you dont invite me.

2. Susi isnt be happy i if he isnt here.
3. You dont go home if you dont finish it.
or
1. You dont invite me so i dont come to your party.
2. He isnt here so susi isnt happy.
3. You dont finish it so you dont go.
III.

Type III
Kalimat pengandaian if : seandainya
past
The pattern :

Un real

Past Future Perfect

Past Perfect

Example :
1. I would have come to your party if you had invited me.
2. Mother wouldnt have been hungry if she had had
lunch.
3. We would have played football if it hadnt rained.
4. She would have been happy if rudi had been at home.
5. Susi would have loved rudi if he hadnt been lazy.
1. If you had invited me, i would have come to your party.
Had you invited me
2. If she had had lunch, Mother wouldnt have been
hungry.
Had she had lunch
3. If it hadnt rained, We would have played football.
Hadnt it rained
4. If rudi had been at home, She would have been happy.
Had Rudi been at home
5. If he hadnt been lazy, Susi would have loved rudi.
Hadnt he been lazy
The fact of the sentence - simple past tense
1. I didnt come to your party because you didint invite
me.
You didnt invite me so I didnt come to your party .
2. Mother was hungry because she didnt have lunch.
She didnt have lunch so Mother was hungry.
3. We didnt play football because it was rain.
It was rain so We didnt play football.
4. She wasnt happy because Rudi wasnt at home.
Rudi wasnt at home so She wasnt happy.
5. Susi didnt love Rudi because Rudi was lazy.
Rudi was lazy so Susi didnt love Rudi.

THE ADVERB OF TIME

If may be the form of
One world
Phrase

Clause

:
- now
- always
- already
- yesterday etc.
- in the mornig
- Last week
- A week ago
- For an hour - since yesterday
The adverb clause of time

etc.

The Adverb Clause Of Time

Using Conjunction :
When
While
Before
After
Till
Until
As soon as
By the time
Main Clause
I. Simple Present
1.
2.
3.

Retno goes to school

He visit us here
We feel tired

Since

Sub Clause
Simple Present Tense
after she has brekfast.
after school is over.
after we run.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Ida arrives
before the lessons begin.
Mother prepare breakfast before we have a bath.
I go to cinema
when i have time.
She always comes to school
when the bell rings.
We drink
when we are thirsty.

Note : Retno goes to school after having breakfast.

After breakfast
I brush my teeth before taking a bath.
I go to the cinema when having time.

II. Simple Future Present

1.
2.
3.

Simple Present Tense

I will finish it
The party wont begin
I am going to wait for you

4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

before you arrive

before you come
until you come
until mid day
We are going to stand here
until the rain stop
He is going to do it
until we ask him not to
after school is over
before he leaves us
when you ask him
You must come to school
before the bell rings
We must leave school
after it is over
I must wash my hands
before i have meal
You should enter the classroom
after the bell
rings
We should eat something
when we are hungry
They cant leave the house
until their parents
come home
I am going to help you
as soon as im ready

III.(A). Simple Past Tense

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Simple Past Tense

They arrived
when i was not at home
We had lunch in the zoo
when we visited
there
Rudy bought the book
before the began to
study
He studied hard
until he was sleepy
until elevens oclock
I played in the yard
until i was tired
He didnt wait
until she woke up
We left the classroom
when the bell rang

(B). Simple Past Tense

Past Cont Tense
Note :

Past Cont Tense

Simple Past Tense

These verbs must be in the simple past

Stop
See
Hear
Come
Ring
Enter
Arrive
Happen
Lose
Find
Catch
Cut

Saw
Heard
Came
Rang

Seen
Heard
Come
Rung

Lost
Found
Caught
Cut

Lost
Found
Caught
Cut

Example :
1. Anton saw an accident when he was walking to school.
while
2. He was watching TV when i entered there.
3. The driver stopped his car when it was making a funny
noise.
4. I lost all may money when i was travelling from
Surabaya to Bali.
(C). Simple Past Tense
Past Perfect Tense
1.
2.
3.
4.

Monther cooked rice

home.
Mother had cooked rice
home.
We went home after
zoo.
We had visited the zoo

(D). Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Cont
1.
I havent seen her

2.

married.
She has been living here
years.

Past PerfectTense
Simple Past Tense
when father came
when father came
we had vsisited the
before we went home.
Siple Past Tense
since a years ago.
Last year.
Since ehe got
since she was ten

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
CARA ANDAI
1.
2.
3.
4.

Conditional sentence : Type II, Type III

Wish / if only
As if as though
Would rather

WISH

I.

Noun : Keinginan, Kehendak, Hasrat, Kemauan

I have no wish to become popular
Your wish is my commad
: kemauanmu
akan saya turuti
Best wishes to you !
: semoga kamu
selamat.
Verb : Ingin, Berharap (Mengharapkan/Menghendaki)
I wish to eat now
He wishes to go to the party to night
He wishes her well : dia berharap semoga dia
sehat/selamat
I wish you well : saya harap semoga kamu
sehat / selamat
I wish you best of luck
: saya berharap semoga
kamu sehat sejahtera

II.

Wish me well

: doakanlah saya sehat

Wish
Subjunctive mood
The pattern :

The fact

a) S + Wish/es (that)
Present
Past Cont
Ingin seandainya
Future
Pas Perfect
b) S + Wish (that) Pas Perfect

Simple Past

Simple

Present Cont
Past Future

Simple

Simple Past
Simple Past

Example :
a) 1. I wish she were rich

- she isnt rich.

- she is poor.
2. i wish he didnt work hard - he works hard.
3. i wish it werent raining now
- it is raining now.
4. i wish it werent going to have a test - i am hoig to
have a test.
5. i wish he hadnt come late
- he come late.
6. i wish she would dance soon
- she wont dance
soon.
b) I wished (that) she had sent me a letter.
Note : wish
seandainya
1.
2.

if only

Alangkah baik

If only she were rich.

If only he didnt work hard. Etc

Pay attention !
There is another pattern of if only
Jika seandainya
The pattern :
-

The fact

If only S + simple past, S + past future simple

present
If only S + past perfect, S + Past perfect simple past
If only S + past future, S + pas future
simple future

Example :
1. If only he were healthy, he would be able to go to
the party.
2. If only i had had time, i would have meet him.

3. If only we would stay with us, we would be happy.

The fact:
1. He isnt healthy (so) he isnt able to go to the party.
2. I didnt have time (so) i didnt meet him.
3. He wont be happy (because) he wont stay with us.

WOULD RATHER

I.

Preference : in usual meaning

II.

Id rather eat gado-gado than rujak

Id rather stay at home tha go out

Preference : in subjunctive mood

It is used to expressn preference that is different from
the fact

The pattern :

The fact

Simple Past

Simple Present
Simple Future
Present

Continuous
Past Perfect

Simple Past

Example :
1. Motherd rather we went to bed.
2. Id rather he had come to my party.
Exercise :
a) Correct the sentences
1. If only he (pass) the exam last year.
If only he had passed the exam last year.
2. Id rather you (go) now.
Id rather you went now.
3. If only i (eat) so much puding oat last night.
If only i had eaten so much puding oat last night.
4. Id rather you (not watch) TV everyday.
Id rather you didnt watch TV everyday.
5. If only he (admit) that he was wrong just now.
If only he had admited that he was wrong just now.
6. Id rather you (forget) about going to the party.
Id rather you (forgot) about going to the party.
7. If only you (be) more careful yestreday.
If only you had been more careful yestreday.
8. Id rather you (not make) so much noise.
Id rather you didnt make so much noise.
9. If only you (change) your job last year.
If only you had changed your job last year.
10. Id rather you (talk) to him about your problem.
Id rather you talked to him about your problem.
b) Change the fact by using if only/wish
1. He didnt pay attention in class yesterday.
If only he had paid attention in class yesterday.
2. He failed examination last year.
If only he had passed examination last year.
3. She wont fall in love with him.
I wish she fell in love with him.
4. They are playing in the rain.
I wish they werent playing in the rain.
5. Rudi didnt keep his promise.
In only Rudy had kept his promise.
6. Ida played truant.
bolos
I wish Ida had not played truant.
7. You didnt take my advice yesterday.
If only you had taken my advise yesterday.
8. He didnt take the medicine just now.
If only he had taken the medicine just now.
9. We didnt catch the ten oclock bus.
If only we had caught the ten oclock bus.
10. I lost my library book a week ago.
I wish I had not lost my library book a week ago.

MODIFIER
a) A clean government
A inposible mission
The reasonable price
My experience boy
b) A note book
The book shop
The village school
Sea food
Orange juice
My silk blue
The gold medal
A SMU student
My boy friend

a table cloth
a sugar jar
pineaple jam
the traffic jam
the traffic light
his cotton shirt

c) the sewing machine

the shopping bag
a washing machine
a shopping centre
drinking water
the swimming pool

the sewing girl

the shopping women
a washing girl
a drinking man
the swimming boy

d) fried rice
fried chicken
fried bananas
the bolled egg
the damage bridge
e) the
the
the
the

boy under the tree

girl with long hair
boy in black shoes
blouse without sleeves

the women with a red vqii

f) Adjective Clause
Using relative pronoun
That
Who
Whom
: yang
Which
Where
: dimana
When
: ketika
Whose
: yang mempunyai
The pattern :
I.

A)

B)

II.

A)

B)

Example :
1. a) The girl who lives on babat
who is looking at me
who has drink tea
who will come here
who gave me a book
b)
The man (whom) I meet yesterday
ida will visit tomorrow
they are looking after
2. a) The cat
that is eating rice
that likes sleeping here
b)
The novel which
i read just now
he will buy
she is reading there
Exercise :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The girl is studying english. She is pretty.

I met a boy. He was tall.
The cat is eating rice. It is under the tree.
The boy will go to surabaya. He has long hair.
We have helped the man. He wears black shoes.

6.
7.
8.
9.

The bird is singing beautifully. It belongs to me.

The boys have eaten rice. Susi will visit then.
The car belongsto him. I borrowed.
The women likes to watch TV. She is sweeping the
floor.
10.
Father has cleaned the bike. If was bought in
Surabaya.

Answer :
1. The pretty girl is studying english is pretty.
The girl who is studying english is pretty.
2. I met a tall boy.
The boy whom i met was tall.
3. The cat under the tree is eating rice.
The cat which is eating rice is under the tree.
4. The boy with long hair will go to surabaya.
The boy who has long hair will go to surabaya.
The boy who will go to surabaya has a long hair.
5. We have helped the man wears black shoes.
The man whom we have helped wears black shoes.
We have helped the man who wears black shoes.
6. The bird which is singing beautifully belongs to me.
The bird which belongs to me is singing beautifully.
7. Susi will visit the boys who have eaten rice.
The boys whom susi will visit have eaten rice.
8. I borrowed the car which belongs to him.
The car which i borrowed belongs to him.
9. The women who likes to watch TV is sweeping the
floor.
The women who is sweeping the floor like to watch
TV.
10.
The bike which father cleaned was bought in
Surabaya.
Father has cleaned the bike which was bought in
Surabaya.
Note :
Have
Wear
Use
-

With/in

Have long hair

Use a red rebbon
Wear black shoes
Have no sleeves

dengar/ber

:
:
:
:

with/in long hair

with/in a red rebbon
with/in black shoes
without sleves

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

a) using a relative pronoun

mempunyai)

: whose (yang

Combine the two sentences !

1. The man will leaves for bandung.
Ida i arrowed his car yesterday.
whose car
- The man whose car ida borrowed yesterday will
leaves for Bandung.
2. Mr. Anton is talking to a girl
Her shoes cost a lot of money
Whose shoes
- Mr. Anton whose shoes cost a lot of money is talking
to a girl.
3. The boy has been studying english for 5 years
I am reading his novels
- The boy whose novel I am reading has been studying
English for 5 years.
4. The girl can speak english well
Her house is near our school
- The girl whose house is near our school can speak
English well.
b) Relative pronoun .........................+ preposition
Exercise
1. The boy will have his friends enter the house.
Ida went to surabaya with him.
- The boy (whom) ida went to surabaya with will have
His friends enter the house.

The boy with whom ida went to surabaya will have

His friend enter the house.
dengan siapa

2. Rudi finished reading the novel.

Susi is asking me about it.
- Rudi finished reading the novel which Susi is asking
me about.
3. The man wears old shoes.
Mother was talking to him.
- The man whom mother was talking to wears old
shoes.

c) Using relative pronoun

: where

Combine the two sentence by using clause

1. The house has a large garden
Ida lives in the house
- The house (which) ida lives in has a large garden
- the house in which ida lives has a larger garden
where ida lives
2. Manado is a city in sulawesi
Dicky was born here
- Manado where Dicky was born is a city in Sulawesi.
d) Using relative pronoun = When
1. The 3 may was idas birthday
Rudy called up on the date
which
- The 3 may (which) rudy called up on was idas
borthday
- The 3 may on which rudy called up was idas
birthday
When rudy called up
2. Ramadhan is the name of the month
Moslem fast in the month
- Ramadhan when moslem fast in is the name of the
month.
3. It was Sunday
I received his letter in the day
- It was Sunday when I received his letter in.

HOW TO OMIT RELATIVE PRONOUN

Relative pronoun in the pattern (P+O/C) can be omitted,

by using present Participle
1. The man who has the biggest store in this town is my
uncle.
2. Anyone who wins the race will be given a price.
3. Are they any shops that sell camping equipment
here?
4. Thr girl who is talking to me will leave for Surabaya.
5. I see the birds that are singing beautifully on the
tree.
6. The lady who was speaking to ida this morning is our
english teacher.
7. The student who went by bus reached the swimming
pool before those who went by motorcycle.
8. The boy who has drunk coffe lives on babat.
Jawab
1. The man having the biggest store in this town is my
uncle.
2. Anyone winning the race wil be given a price.
3. Are there any shops selling camping equipment
here?
4. The girl being talking to me will leave for surabaya.
The girl talking to me will leave for surabaya.
5. I see the birds being singing beautifully on the tree.
I see the birds singing beautifully on the tree.
6. The lady being speaking to ida this morning is our
english teacher.

The lady speaking to ida this morning is our english

teacher.
7. The student going by bus reached the swimming pool
before those who going by motorcycle.
8. The boy who having drunk coffe lives on babat.

USED TO + INFINITIVE
Used to

+
_

: dahulu/dahulu biasanya

he used to play tennis

We used to be friend
He didnt

ADJECTIVE

A.

Glad
Sorry
Ready
Afraid
Angry

Happy
Easy
Difficult
Certain (se : ten )
Sure (syur)
Eager (ieger)
Anxious (engkyes)
cemas, khawatir
Able
: Dapat
Unable
: Tidak dapat
Pleased
: Senang
Amused
: Senang
Shocked
: Terkejut
Worried
: Cemas
Dissapointed
Pepared
: Siap, bersedia
Willing
: Mau
Surprised
Delighted
gembira
Frightened
Iritated
: Jengkel
Depressed
Etc.

:
:
:
:

Pasti, tertentu
Yakin, pasti
Ingin sekali
Ingin sekali,

: Kecewa
: Heran
: Sangat senang
: Takut
: Sedih

Example :
1. I wasnt surprised to meet her there.
2. They are certain to past the test.
3. The children were delighted to hear the funny story.
B. Using subject it impersonal pronoun

Interesting
Difficult
Aesy
Boring
Simple
Safe
Comfortable
Uncomfortabe
Necessary
Exciting
Important
Dangerous

Good
Bad
Example :
1. It is difficult To understand the problem.
2. It is easy to finish the work.
3. It is necessary to wash your hands before eating.
4. It is not good to shout at your mother.
5. It was not possible to climb the mountain.
6. It will be difficult to preserve the temple.
Subject it can be changed by to infinitive or verb ing
1. To understand the problem is difficult.
understanding
2. To fininsh the work it is easy.
3. To wash your hands before eating is necessary.
4. To shout at your mother is not good.
5. To climb the mountain was not possible.
6. To preserve the temple will be difficult.
Note : to infinitive here has the meaning the meaning
of passive
1. It is difficult to understand.
Untuk dimengerti
2. It is easy to finish.
3. It is easy to talk but it is difficult to do.
4. The problem is difficult to solve.
C. .

Example :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It

D.
Find
Think

is
is
is
is
is
is
is
is

a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a

pity for him to get 20 for english.

pity that he got 20 for english.
fact that he got 20 for english.
shame that he got 20 for english.
miracle that he got 20 for english.
surprise that he got 20 for english.
good idea that he got 20 for english.
blessing that he got 20 for english.

Believe
Consider
know
Example :
1. I think it wrong to steal my mothers money.
2. He considers it a blessing to win the contest.
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS

The adverb of time

A. Using preposition

: by ............
: menjelang
In................
Before..............
By five o clock
By then
: menjelang waktu itu
By 1st june
by the first of june
By september / next september
By 2007
By the end of this year
Next month / year/ week
In 2009
In january 2003/desember
In 1st January 2003
Before the end of next week/ minth / year
The test in july

B. Using conjunction
By the time
When
Before

S + P + O/C
Simple present tense

The pattern
I.

Future Perfect Tense

a. .

Akan
telah.
b. ..

II.

Future Perfect Continous

Akan telah sedang..

Example :
I.
1. She will have finished in the work by five oclock.
2. They will have read all of the books before the end
of next month.
3. I shall have prepared the material for the meeting
by next year.
4. I will have studied all of the subject before the test
in july.
Using the adverb clause of time
1. I will have finished reading the book by the time you
need it.
2. By the time we get to the airport, the plane will have
arrived.
3. I will have cooked the food before she comes home.
4. The players will have rested for ten minutes when
they start again.
5. When you come, i will have finished this job.
II.
1. In the september george will have studying in this
university for two years.
2. By 1st June they will have been studying in this town
for six years.
Exercise : changed into future perfect continuous tense
by using the adverb of time in the brackets.
1. Prof. Anwar has been teaching english for 20 years.
(when he retired)
- Prof. Anwar will have been teaching english for 20
years when he retired.
2. Mrs. Anwar has been keeping the house for 40
years.
(next years)
- Mrs. Anwar will have been keeping the house for 40
years next years.
3. They have been building the new hotel for 3 years.
(by the end of this years)

The will have been building the new hotel for 3 years
by the end of this years.
4. You have been staying with us for 5 weeks.
(by the end of next years)
- You will have been staying with us for 5 weeks by
the end of next years.
5. I have been working in the office for ten years.
(by october)
- I will have been working in the office for ten years
by october.
6. She has been writing her assignment for two hours.
(by six oclock)
- She will has been writing her assignment for two
hours by six oclock.

Exercise :
1. Tita (get) married for 7 years by 2006.
She (be)married for 7 years by 2006.
- Tita will have got married for 7 years by 2006.
- She will have been married for 7 years by 2006.
2. The morning I (be) to class at seven oclock.
Now, it is nine oclock and i (sit) still in class.
- The morning I was to class at seven oclock.
- Now, it is nine oclock and i am sitting still in class.
3. Dont worry about this work, you can (leave) on your
vacation by the time you (get) back we will (take
care of )everything.
- Dont worry about this work, you can leave on your
vacation by the time you get back we will have taken
care of everything.
4. This traffic is terrible we (be) late by the time we
(get) to the station the train (leave) already.
- This traffic is terrible we are late by the time we get
to the station the train will have left already.
5. Tomorrow after he (have) dinner andi (go) to the
cinema. In other words he (have) dinner. By the time
he (go) to the cinema.
- Tomorrow after he has dinner andi will go to the
cinema. In other words he will have had dinner By
the time he goes to the cinema.
6. Right now murti (take) a nap she (fall) a sleep an
hour ago. She has been (sleep) for an hour.
- Right now murti is taking a nap she fell a sleep an
hour ago. She has been sleeping for an hour.

7. If you dont (wake) her up she (sleep) until six

oclock. She (sleep) for 3 hours by them.
- If you dont wake her up she will sleep until six
oclock. She will have slept for 3 hours by them.

THE ADVERB OF REASON

One word
Phrase
: using prepotition

Clause

: Using conjunction
Because
As
Since

Example : using phrase

1. I am sitting here because of the dog.
2. He is studying under the tree because of the day
raining.
3. The doctor came here because of your sick mother.
4. We go to the market because of buying something.
5. She didnt come on time because of heavy traffic.
6. She had a stomacache as she ate too much rujak.
Using clause
1. People eat and drink because they want to live.
2. The sutomos were happy as they travelld to bali.
3. Since she has drunk a glass of water, she feels quite
refreshed now.
4. As i was very busy, i didnt attend the meeting.
5. She had a stomachache as she ate too much rujak.

Because of eating to
much rujak

INTRANSITIVE VERBS

They are the verbs that can not be followed by object (noun)
go
Come
Run
sleep
stand
arrive
walk
work
sit

went
Came
Ran
slept
stood
Arrived
walked
worked
sat

gone
Come
run
slept
stood
arrived
walked
Worked
sat

The pattern sentence :

1. He went to surabaya to have a walk.

In order to have walk.
For having a walk.
For a walk.
2. They are sitting there to wait for her.
In order to wait for her.
For waiting for her.
For her.
3. Poeple work to carnmoney.

In order to carn money.

For carning money.
For money.
What
..............for?
Pay attention!
They are not intransitive Verbs
I.
1. They are here to swim.
In order to swim
For swimming
For a swim
2. They are here to rest.
In order to rest
For resting
For a rest
3. they are here to talk.
in order to talk
for talking
for a talk
4. they are here to sleep.
5. they are here to drink.
6. they are here to relay.
II.
1. People eat and drink to live
In order
In order to live
For living
2. We read to learn
In order to learn
For learning
What..........for?
III.
1.
2.
3.
4.

I need a pencil to write with

She used a knife to cut with
We use glasses to drink from
They need mats to sleep on
What..............for?

IV.
a) I need a pencil to write a letter
b) She used a knife to cut the cake
c) We use glasses to drink coffe
What.............for?
Note :
what...................for? = why?
to infinitive here has a passive meaning

1. There is some rice to eat

untuk dimakan
2. I have a novel to read
3. Ha gave me a glass of water to drink
diminum

untuk dibaca
untuk

1. THE ADVERB CLAUSE OF REASON

2. THE ADVERB CLAUSE OF RESULT

1. The Adverb Clause Of Reason

a) Ida wasnt successfull because she didnt study hard
b) We took a rest as we got tired
c) She had a big smile since she was very happy
2. The Adverb Clause Of Result
a) Ida didnt study hard so she wasnt successfull
b) We got tired so we took a rest
c) She was very happy so she had a big smile

THE ADVERB OF CONTRAST

1. One word
:_
2. Phrase : using prepotition

Example :
Using prepotition (phrase)
1. The motto Bhineka Tunggal Ika symbolizes the
unity of the indonesian people in spite of their
diverse cultural backgrounds.
2. She decided to continue working in spite of raining
hard.

3. He will come to the meeting in spite of being busy.

3. Clause : using conjunction
Although
:
Though
:
Eventhough :
Even if
:
Where as
:
While
:
Never the less

walaupun, meskipun
walaupun, meskipun
mwalaupun, meskipun
sekalipun, sungguhpun
sedangkan
sedangkan
: namun demikian

Example :
Using conjuction (clause)
1. They went on playing although it rained.
2. Butterflies can fly long distance eventhough they
are verg small.
3. Mrs. Anton is very generous although she isnt rich.
4. Mr. Rudi came to a conference eventhough he had a
headache.
Or
1. It rained nevertheless they went on playing.
2. Butterflies are very small nevertheless they can fly
long distances.
3. Mrs. Anton isnt rich nevertheless she is very
generous.
4. Mr. Rudy had a headache nevertheless he come to a
conference.
Using conjunction : while / where as
- Susi is dilligent while (where as) her brother is lazy.

USED TO + INFINITIVE

Used to

: dahulu/dahulu biasanya

He used to play tennis

We used to be friends

He didnt used to play tennis

We used not to be friends
Or
he used to not to play tennis
we used not to be friends

did he used to play tennis?

did We used to be friends?

TO BE USED TO + NOUN
V.ING
-

They are used to chinese food

She is used to sold leather
They are used to eating chinese food
Sudah terbiasa

MODAL

I.

Can
It has some meanings
1. Ability/Capability
: dapat
Kemampuan
- I can drive a car.
- He can speak english.
2. Permission
: boleh
Izin
- You can go home now.
- He can speak english.
3. Possibility
: mungkin
Kemungkinan
- Ida is absent today.
She can be sick.
- Can she be sick?
Mungkin kah dia..........

II.

MAY
1. Permission
: Boleh
- You may leave the room now/soon.
- He may go home.
- May I ...................?
- Can I ...................?
2. Possibility
: Mungkin
- He may be at home now.
- I may come a little late tomorrow.
- We may climb mont merapi next month.
- She may be sick.
Note : May be she is sick.
perhaps
3. Hope
: semoga
- May you be successful.
- May you be happy.
- May god bless you.
- I hope he may success.

III.

MIGHT (MAIT)

1. Past form
may : mungkin
- I thought you might be late.
2. Present/future
: mungkin
- He might need his dictionary now.
- They might come late tomorrow.
May
IV.

COULD
1. Past form
can
:dapat
- I thought he could play tennis well.
- He could swim in the sea when he was young.
2. Present / future
- Could
Can I ................?
May
-

V.

bolehkah saya?

Could you.........?
maukah kamu?
Can
she would be at home now / tomorrow
can
may
mungkin

COULD / to be able to
Could
: expressing a permanent ability in the post
To be able to
: expressing not a permanent ability in
the past
Example :
- he could swim very well when he was young.
- he was able to swim halfway before he collaps.
- i was able to put it on the top shelf.
- tom has started an exercise program yesterday
he was able to run. two miles without stopping or
slowing down.
Note :
-

VI.

MUST

to be able to : managed to
berhasil
yesterday he managed to run two miles without
stopping or slowing down.

1. Obligation
: keharusan
- i must leave now ( i have to leave now).
- i must do my homework tonight.
- you must be quiet (you have to quiet).
( be quiet).
- you must return the book soon.
- you musnt open the door ( dont open the door).
- Kamu jangan.
2. conclusion

: tentu (nya)
kesimpulan
- he has several big house and many cars.
he must be rich.
- yanti is going to see a doctor.
she must be sick.
Note : the post from of must : had to
Have to
VII.

Should : Seharusnya
Ought to
1. he should go to the doctor.
everyday should obey the law.
we should scrub bathroom and kitchen often.
we should keep all parts of house neat an clean.
2. Using subject you means advice
You should study harder.
Yoy should respect your parents.
You should be more careful.
You should not study only when you are having a test.
Note : In negative
by using ought to
Interrogative
_
You ought not to see other peoples bank account

? ought you to see other peoples.......?

Note : to be supposed to

VIII.

Yes, I ought to
No, ought not to
seharusnya

WILL
1. Akan (future)
We will go to surabaya by bus
She will be happy to see you

I will do better in the next examination

Will you study together to night?
Apakah kamu akan
2. Request : (present)
Will you .................?
IX.

maukah kamu

SHALL
1. Akan : (Future)
I shall return the book tomorrow
We shall meet you at home
2. Asking for opinion / expressing proposal
a) A : shal I clean the kitchen
B : thats a goof idea
Okey all rights
- Shall we go camping
- What about going camping
- Why dont we go camping
- Lets go camping
- We could go camping
b) A :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

How shall we go to tanjung kodok?

What time shall we leave
Where shall we meet?
What kind of food shall we take with us?
How many tens shall we rent?
Lets go by bike
What about at seven
We could meet there
Why dont we take fried chicken?
Lets sent two

c) A : Lets go swimming
B : I cant go right now
There is nobody at home
What about for oclock
My mother will be at home then
A : O.K Ill be pick you up at four