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Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 2014, 45(3), 413-433

National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

An Existential-Phenomenological Study on the

Transitional Experience of Suffering: Dialogues between
Existential Phenomenology and Theories of Counseling
and Psychotherapy

Yi-Jen Lu

Shu-Hui Liu

Student Guidance and Conseling Center of Bureau of Education

Department of Guidance and Counseling

Tainan city Government Academic Affair Office of Tainan

National Changhwa University of Education

Municipal Fusing Junior High School

The human experience of suffering and the process of change have always been core issues in counseling and psychotherapy.
This article reviewed theories of counseling and psychotherapy to address the paradox of each theory, and then explored the
transitional experience of suffering from the perspectives of existential phenomenology. Based on such understanding, the
experience-based connecting points in various theories were found. This study used an existential-phenomenology approach
to carry out interviews with three interviewees under suffering. The second interview was conducted one and a half years
after the first one; the third one was a half year after the second one. The three interviews expanded over two years, and was
used to analyze the interviewees transitional experience of suffering. The results showed that: (1) sufferers used bodies and
emotions as tools to reflect upon the feasibility of their original projects and worldviews; (2) the key to sufferers transitional
experience included revising their original project, and accepting of the world considered a threat by them which are
viewed as a learning process; (3) during the learning process, sufferers identified the paradox between past and present
experience through psychological and embodied pain, and then started to find the solution. The learning process involved: (a)
wishing to solve the problems; (b) re-understanding and accepting their past; (c) trying to solve the conflicts between the past
and the present; (d) after the painful learning process, new situation or new possibility for sufferers appeared. This study
discussed the existing descriptions of existential phenomenology on transitional experience of suffering from the viewpoint
of counseling and psychotherapy, and made suggestions for counseling practitioners and future research. Limitations of this
study were also discussed.

KEY WORDS: counseling and psychotherapy, existential phenomenology,

phenomenological psychology , transitional process of suffering