PROCEDURE

Part A: Demonstration of the operation and characteristic of three different basic types of
flow meter

1. The apparatus was placed on the bench, the inlet pipe were connected to bench supply
and outlet pipe to volumetric tank.
2. The pump supply from hydraulic bench was start up when the bench valve fully
closed and the discharge valve fully opened.
3. The bench valve was slowly opened until it is fully opened.
4. Started to close the bench valve when the flow in the pipe is steady and there is no
trapped bubble to reduce the flow to the maximum measurable flow rate.
5. The water level in the manometer board was adjusted by using the air bleed screw.
6. The reading on manometer (A - J), rotameter was noted and flow rate was measured.
7. Step 6 was repeated for different flow rates. The flow rates can be adjusted by
utilizing both bench valve and discharge valve.
8. The bench valve and flow control valve were adjusted together to demonstrate similar
flow rates at different system static pressures. The manometer level was adjusted as
required.

Part B: Determination of the loss coefficient when fluid flows through a 90 degree elbow

1. The apparatus was placed on the bench, the inlet pipe were connected to bench supply
and outlet pipe to volumetric tank.
2. The pump supply from hydraulic bench was start up when the bench valve fully
closed and the discharge valve fully opened.
3. The bench valve was slowly opened until it is fully opened.
4. Started to close the bench valve when the flow in the pipe is steady and there is no
trapped bubble to reduce the flow to the maximum measurable flow rate.
5. The water level in the manometer board was adjusted by using the air bleed screw.
6. The reading on manometer (I and J) was noted and flow rate was measured.
7. Step 6 was repeated for different flow rates. The flow rates can be adjusted by
utilizing both bench valve and discharge valve.
8. The tables were completed.
2
Vs
2g
9. Graph H against
for 90 degree elbow was plotted to determine the coefficient of
losses.

CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, we can say that the most accurate flow meter is a venturi meter. Based
on theory the venturi meter is the precise device in measuring the flow rate of any fluid as it

has the diverged portion that increases the velocity and reduces the friction loss. From the
results can be conclude that fluid flows produce highest flow rate in venturi meter compared
to rotameter and orifice.

By utilizing three basic types of flow measuring techniques;

rotameter, venturi meter and orifice meter, the flow rate measurement is successfully
obtained.
We also successfully investigated the loss coefficient of fluid through 90 degree elbow. Based
on this experiment, we determine that the flow rate % error for the orifice meter is lower than
% error venturi meter. From the theory, the more efficiency of flow meter has a less flow rate
% error. From the loss coefficient calculated which is 1.4 shows that value of K decreased as
the fitting size increased.

RECOMMENDATION
1. Takes the reading of water level at manometer level board parallel to eyes to avoid

parallax error.
2. Make sure there is no trapped bubble in the manometer.
3. Use the air bleed screw properly to make sure the water level reach the maximum
measurable flow rate.
4. Start from 0 value to calculate the flow rate respective to the value of rotameter.
5. Make sure that inlet valve is fully closed when opening the pump.