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NEM 445 Exam 1

November 26, 2008

You have 2 hours to finish the exam.


Clearly write down all the assumptions you make.
The figures and constants you would need are given.
1) (10) List 5 design differences between a VVER-1000 and VVER-1200 plants
2) (10) Matched the reactor coolant systems and assembly designs on Figures 1 and
2. Name the designs.
3) (20) Consider a reheat cycle utilizing steam. Steam leaves the boiler and enters
the turbine at 580.16 psi, 752 oF. After expansion in the turbine to 58.016 psi, the
steam is reheated to 752 oF and then expanded in the low-pressure turbine to
1.4504 psi. Determine the cycle efficiency if the efficiency of the turbines is 95
%.
If someone tells you that the efficiency of this system can be improved up to
49 % would you agree or disagree? Explain and show why.
Thermodynamic properties:
P = 580.16 psia, T = 752 oF: h = 1382.5 Btu/lbm, u = 1256.29 Btu/lbm,
s = 1.6178 Btu/lbm- oF
P = 58.016 psia: Tsat = 290.52 oF, hf = 259.96 Btu/lbm, hfg = 917.005 Btu/lbm,
hg = 1176.97 Btu/lbm, sf = 0.4243 Btu/lbm- oF, sfg = 1.2224 Btu/lbm- oF,
sg
= 1.6467 Btu/lbm- oF
P = 58.016 psia, T = 752 oF: h = 1407.41 Btu/lbm, u = 1274.53 Btu/lbm,
s = 1.8867 Btu/lbm- oF
P = 1.45 psia: Tsat = 114.49 oF, hf = 82.46 Btu/lbm, hfg = 1028.78 Btu/lbm,
= 1111.25 Btu/lbm, sf = 0.1551 Btu/lbm- oF, sfg = 1.7918 Btu/lbm- oF,
1.9469 Btu/lbm- oF

hg
sg =

4) (25) A heavy water moderated, heterogeneous reactor has the pellet diameter of
0.4 in. The fuel rod diameter is 0.45 in. and the average thermal neutron flux is
1.5x1013 neuts/cm2-s. The number density for U235 is 7.0 x 1020 and moderator
temperature is 500 oF. For this reactor, calculate the average volumetric heat
generation rate and average fuel rod surface heat flux.
Assume that the moderator is changed to light water with and atomic ratio for
U235/H of 0.011. Calculate the effective fission cross section this time. Explain
how first design can be changed to have same effective fission cross section with
the second design.

Constants and Reminders: the conversion factor used for volumetric heat
generation rate from Mev/sec-cm3 to BTU/hr-ft3 is 1.5477 x 10-8. 1 kW is 3412 Btu/hr.
For U235, 1/(1 + ) is 0.851. The fission cross section for U235 fuel at room
temperature is 570 barns. The 1/V correction factor is 2 (0.8862).
5) (5) Draw the T-S diagram for the below system using the properties given in the
table

Points
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Pressure
(psia)
1000.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
10.0
10.0
1000.0

Condition
Saturated Vapor
Two Phase Mixture
Saturated Vapor
Superheated Vapor
Two Phase Mixture
Subcooled Liquid
Subcooled Liquid

6) (30) Briefly answer below questions:


a. Sketch the volumetric heat generation rate distribution in a lead slab which
is subjected to the gamma radiation on one side.
b. List the effects of adding feedwater heaters and moisture separation on the
Rankine cycle efficiency.
c. Briefly describe the reactor shutdown decay heat (sources, the behavior,
the importance)
d. Compare the reactor control mechanisms of PWR and BWR designs.

Figure 1, Question 2

Figure 2, Question 2

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