NUTRIENTS

By :
Muhammad Ibnu Nazari
B1K014005
Gabriella Ashari T.
B1K014008
Lutfia Nirwana
B1K014029
Section
:I
Group
:2
Assistant
: Azhar Faturohman Abidin

PRACTICAL REPORT OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY II

MINISTRY OF TECHNOLOGY, RESEARCH, AND HIGHER EDUCATION

JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2016

I.

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Nutrients is a variety of minerals contained in the soil needed by plants to perform
photosynthesize. Nutrients also the nutrients in liquid form. The minerals in liquid form
that can be absorbed by the roots to be channeled into the green substance. Minerals
needed by plants consist of Nitrogen, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium and
Magnesium (Isbandi, 1983).
Nutrients can be divided into two macro nutrients and micro nutrients. Macro
nutrients include C, H, O, N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe were included micro-nutrients
include B, Cl, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn (Thomas & Richardson, 1973). Nutrients are
building blocks of a molecule or part of the plant that are essential for the survival of the
plant (Dwidjoseputro, 1992). The number of plant requirements for each element
associated with the needs of the plants that grow well. If nutrients are less then plant
growth will be stunted. Functions essential element both macro nutrients and micro
nutrients are classified into two groups, which play a role in the structure of a compound
that plays a role important and activate the enzyme, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
(Salisbury & Ross, 1995).
Most of the elements needed by plants absorbed from the soil solution through the
roots, except carbon oxygen is absorbed from the air by leaves. Nutrient absorption is
generally slower than the water uptake by plant roots. Controlled by root system of
plants by genetic properties of the plant in question, but has also demonstrated that the
root system of plants can be affected by the condition of the soil or plant growth media.
Factors affecting the pattern of root fertilization among others, is a mechanical barrier,
soil temperature, aeration, water and nutrient availability (Kimball, 1983).
Nutrient macro and micro, although different in the number of its needs, but in
function in plants, each element is equally important and can not be replaced with each
other. Each nutrient has a special role and function independently of the process of plant
growth and development, so that when a shortage of one of the nutrients that it will
result in suboptimal growth and development of plants. Nutrient given to the plant
should have been in the form of ions such as: N, H, PO, K, Mg, SO, and others that can
be absorbed (Hedy, 1989).

Rice (Oryza sativa) is included in the rate grains or Poaceae. Annuals, fibrous
roots, stems very short, similar in structure to the stem is formed from a series of leaf
midrib that support each leaf perfectly with midrib erect, leaves lancet shaped, light
green to dark green, veined leaves parallel, covered with short hair and sparse, flower
parts are composed of compound, the type of panicle branching, flower unit called floret
located on one spicelet sitting on paniculla, fruit type grain or cariopsis indistinguishable
where fruit and seeds, form nearly spherical to oval, size from 3mm to 15mm, covered
by palea and lemma which in everyday language are called chaff, the dominant structure
commonly consumed rice is kind enduspermium (Barus, 2003).
B. Objectives
The purpose of the practicum Plant Physiology II of the nutrient is to know all
sorts of nutrients and effect on plant growth.

II. MATERIAL AND METHOD

A. Material
The tools used in this lab is 10 bottles of dark colored, cotton, paper labels,
polybags and ruler.
The materials used in the lab is a plant rice plant (Oryza sativa), the standard
solution of nutrients, namely FeEDTA, FeCl3, -CA, -S, -Mg, -K, -N, -P, -Fe,
-micronutrients and distilled water.
B. Method
1. Wash the bottle.
2. The bottles were washed marked with paper labels, each for a complete nutrient
solution with FeEDTA or nutrient complete with FeCl 3, -CA, -S, -Mg, -K, -N, -P,
-Fe, - micronutrient.
3. Bottles are filled to volume with a suitable solution to the label on the bottle.
4. Take 10 seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa) and then measured the longest root
length, a lot of roots and a long stem.
5. Rice seeds were placed in a bottle that had been labeled and corked with cotton.
6. Observed for 4 weeks, observe what happened.
7. Substitution of the solution.

III.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Result
Table 3.1 Observation Table of Longest Root
Repeatation
Treatment
1
2
3
4
Fe-EDTA
6,4 6,5
6,5
6,0
FeCl3
4,0 6,9
7,8
7,9
Without Ca
6,0 7,0
5,5
5,5
Without S
5,5 5,0
4,8
5,0
Without Mg
7,2 7,5
6,8
5,0
Without K
5,5 6,5
7,8
7,5
Without N
3,0 7,5 14,2 13,5
Without P
6,0 6,1
6,0
5,0
Without Fe
6,5 6,5
6,2
6,0
Without Micro
3,2 6,3
6,0
5,0
Nutrients
Total

Total

Average

5
6,0
8,0
5,5
4,6
6,0
7,2
14,0
4,5
5,0

31,4
34,6
29,5
24,9
32,5
34,5
52,2
27,6
30,2

6,3
6,9
5,9
5,0
6,5
6,9
10,4
5,5
6,0

5,0

25,5

5,1

322,9

Table 3.2 Anova Table of Longest Root

Diversity
Source
Treatment
Galat
Total

dB
9
40
49

JK

KT

406,8313
1859,8000
2266,6313

45,2035
46,4950

F count
0,9722

Notasi
ns

Ftabel
0,05 0,01
2,39 3,46

Table 3.3 Observation Table of Number of Roots

Ulangan
Treatment
Total
1
2
3
4
5
Fe-EDTA
5
8
8
7
7
35,0
FeCl3
5
9
8
6
6
34,0
Without Ca
3
9
10
8
8
38,0
Without S
7
8
10
7
12
44,0
Without Mg
7 12 11
8
9
47,0
Without K
4
8
12
7
8
39,0
Without N
6
8
10 11 12
47,0
Without P
4
9
8
6
6
33,0
Without Fe
4
8
9
8
9
38,0
Without Micro
5 11 10 11 10
47,0
Nutrients
Total
402,0

Rataan
7,0
6,8
7,6
8,8
9,4
7,8
9,4
6,6
7,6
9,4

Tabel 3.4 Anova Table of Root Number

Diversity Source
Treatment
Galat
Total

B. Discussion

dB
9
40
49

JK

KT

609,7000
2787,2000
3396,9000

67,7444
69,6800

F count
0,9722

Notasi
ns

Ftabel
0,05 0,01
2,39 3,46

Based on the results of experiments on the role of nutrients using ANOVA

calculation results obtained for the longest root parameter Fcount equal is 0,9722 and
Ftable is 2.39. This means that the Fcount

< Ftable, the effect of nutrient non

significantly to the number of roots of rice seedlings, for the longest root length
parameter obtained F count equal to 0.84 while the F table is 2,39. This means that the
Fcount < Ftable, then the effect of nutrient does not affect the length of the longest roots
in the sedges. This means that the Fcount < Ftable, the effect of high nutrient has no
effect on paddy seedling. So we can conclude that IAA on seedlings of rice (Oryza
sativa) no effect on the parameters of the number of roots and the longest root length
(Oryza sativa). It is in accordance with the statement of Ismail (2011) that the tolerant
and sensitive plants showed the first week of the experiment, but entered the second
week started to look inhibition of plant growth. According Sugiarti (2005) states that a
plant with a complete nutrient will be able to carry out his normal because nutrients are
building blocks of a molecule or an essential part of the plant. Reduced one nutrient
required by plants would cause a disruption of the metabolisms so that its growth will be
stunted.
Most of the elements needed by plants from the soil solution is absorbed through
the roots except carbon and oxygen is absorbed from the air by leaves. Absorbtion of
nutrient is generally slower than the absorption of water by the roots of the plant roots.
The system be controlled by genetic properties of plants concerned, but it has also
proven that the root system of plants can be affected by soil or plant growth media.
Factors affecting the distribution patterns root include mechanical barrier, soil
temperature, aeration, water and nutrient availability (Lakitan, 1993). Crop productivity
is determined by a minimum factor of one nutrient that is required, organic fertilizers
can increase the availability of N, P and K on the side can improve soil structure
improvement (Sugiarti & Hossain et al., 2002).
According to Ismail (2011), types of elements include:
a. Non-mineral nutrients
Non-mineral nutrients are hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and carbon (C). Generally
obtained from water and O2 and CO2 from the atmosphere.
b. Mineral nutrients

There are 13 mineral nutrients, obtained from the soil, water soluble and absorbed
by plant roots. The availability of these elements in the soil is not always enough so
farmers often use manure to add nutrients in the soil.
Mineral nutrients are divided into two groups: macronutrients and micronutrients.
1. Macronutrients (needed in large numbers: 0,5 - 5% of the dry weight)
Macronutrient can be divided into two groups: primary nutrients and secondary
nutrients.
a. Primer nutrient consists of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).
b. Secondary nutrient consisting of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S).
2. Micronutrients
Micronutrients are essential elements for plant growth are needed in small amounts
(small) element. Includes micronutrients are boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe),
chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and Zinc (Zn).
Plant growth is not only controlled by factors in internal, but also determined by
external factors (external). One of the external factors that are essential nutrients.
Essential nutrients are the elements needed for plant growth. If these elements are not
available to plants, so plants will show symptoms of the plant growth elemtns will
languish. Based on the required amount we recognize the existence of macro nutrients
and micro nutrients. Macro nutrients required by plants in larger quantities (0.5-3% of
the body weight of the plant). While the micro-nutrients needed by plants in relatively
small quantities (a few ppm / part per million of the dry weight (Gardener, 1992).
Elements can perform three functions are clearly in plants, namely
electrochemical, structural and catalytic. Role includes the process of balancing
electrochemical ion concentrations, the stability of macromolecules, colloidal stability,
betarlisasi charge and others. The role carried out by elements within the structure of its
involvement in the chemical structure of biological molecules or polymers used in
forming the structural (such as calcium in pectin, phosphorus in phospholipids). The role
of the elements in the catalytic function is an active part (the active site) of an enzyme.
Some diving macronutrient three roles, whereas micronutrients just diving catalytic
function (Sasmitamihardja, 1996).
Nutrient deficiency or in other words nutrient deficiencies could lead to the growth
of the tree is unstable or abnormal plant growth which could be caused by a deficiency

of one or more nutrients, the disorder can be a specific visual symptoms. Symptoms of
deficiency are relative, often a nutrient deficiency in conjunction with excess nutrients
lainnya. In ditrect field distinguishing the symptoms of deficiency is not easy to do. Not
infrequently as pests and diseases resemble symptoms of deficiency of micronutrients.
Symptoms can occur due to various reasons (Hedy, 1989).
Like humans, plants need food that is often called nutrient of plants. Different with
humans who use organic materials, plants use inorganic materials for its growth. To get
energy and photosynthesis, plants collect carbon in the atmosphere are very low levels,
plus the water is converted into organic materials by chlorophyll with the help of
sunshine. Elements that are absorbed for the growth and metabolism of plant called plant
nutrients. Mechanism of changing nutrients into organic compounds, or so-called energy
metabolism. The function of plant nutrients can not be replaced by other elements and if
there is a plant nutrient, the metabolism activity will be disrupted or stopped together.
Besides, generally plants that lack or absence of a nutrient will show symptoms at a
certain specific orrgan commonly called local symptoms (Ismail, 2011).
Micronutrients, which is a source of food that is required in relatively small
quantities, but very important and absolutely needed by the plants as food, in this case
the micro-nutrients lots obtained from the organic material in the soil, such as micro
nutrients that Al (Aluminum), Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Cu (copper), Zn (zinc), Bo
(boron), Mo (molybdenum). Each of these essential nutrients can not replace each other.
According Bagod Sudjadi (2005), the function of macro nutrients (N-P-K) including the
following:
A. Nitrogen (N)
Stimulate plant growth overall
Is part of the cell (organ) plant itself
The synthesis of amino acids and proteins in plants
Stimulates vegetative growth (green) leaf
As a constituent of all proteins, chlorophyll, nucleic acids and coenzyme
formation.
B. Phosphate (P)
Transport of products of metabolism in plants
Stimulates flowering and fruiting
Stimulates root growth
Stimulate seed formation

Stimulates plant cell division and increase cell tissue

As a component of several enzymes and proteins, ATP in plant metabolism such as

photosynthesis and respiration of plants, as forming seeds and fruit.

C. Potassium (K)
The process of photosynthesis, transport of assimilation, enzymes and minerals

including water.
The metabolism of plants is as a catalyst and plays an important role in protein

synthesis from amino acids and carbohydrate.

Stimulating the translocation of photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of

the plant and increase durability / plant immunity to disease.

Set up mechanisms (act as a catalyst) such as photosynthesis, translocation of
carbohydrates, protein synthesis, activation of various enzymes, accelerated
growth and development of meristematic tissue (Marlina et al., 2012).
Micro nutrients needed by plants in small amounts include iron (Fe), manganese

(Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), boron (B), chlorine (Cl). According
Bagod Sudjadi (2005), the function of micro nutrients including the following:
A. Iron (Fe)
Iron (Fe) is a micro element that is absorbed in the form of ferric ion (Fe 3+) or
ferrous (Fe2+), Fe can be absorbed in the form of a chelate (bond metals with organic
materials). Fe minerals include olivine (Mg, Fe) 2SiO, pyrite, siderite (FeCO 3),
goethite (FeOOH), magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3) and ilmenite (FeTiO3). Iron
can also be absorbed in the form of chelate, so fertilizer is made in the form of a
chelate Fe. Fe chelate used is Fe-EDTA, DTPA and Fe-chelate others. Iron (Fe) in
the plant about 80% contained in the chloroplast or cytoplasm. Fe absorption
through the leaves is considered faster than the absorption through the roots,
especially in plants that are deficient Fe. Thus fertilizing through leaves are often
thought to be more economical and efficient. Fe among other functions as a
constituent of chlorophyll, protein, enzymes and plays a role in the development of
chloroplasts. Cytochrome is an enzyme-containing porphyrin Fe. Work catalase and
peroxidase is described briefly as follows:
a. Catalase: H2O + H2O O2 + 2H2O
b. Peroxidase: AH2 + A + H2O H2O

Another function is as an executor Fe electron transfer in metabolic processes.

The process is for example the reduction of N2, solfat reductase, nitrate reductase.
Fe deficiency causing inhibition of the formation of chlorophyll and eventually also
the development of protein to be imperfect. Fe deficiency causes increased levels of
the amino acid in the leaves and the decrease in the number of ribosomes drastically.
Decreased levels of pigments and proteins can be caused by a deficiency of Fe, also
will lead to a reduction in the activity of all enzymes (Russell, 1973).
B. Manganese (Mn)
Manganese is absorbed in the form of Mn++ ion, such as other micro nutrients,
Mn is considered to be absorbed in the form of a chelate complex and Mn
fertilization often sprayed through the leaves. Manganese (Mn) in the plant can not
move or shift a metal one organ to another in need. Manganese contained in the soil
in the form of oxide compounds, carbonates and silicates with pyrolusit name
(MnO2), manganit (MnO (OH)), rhodochrosit (MnCO3) and rhodoinit (MnSiO3).
Manganese (Mn) is generally present in the primary rock, particularly in ferrous
materials magnesium. Manganese (Mn) is released from the rock as rock weathering
process. The results of the secondary mineral weathering is mainly pyrolusit (MnO2)
and manganit (MnO (OH)). Mn levels in the soil ranged between 300 up to 2000
ppm. The form can be cation Mn Mn ++ or manganese oxide, either divalent or
valence empat.Penggenangan and drying meaningful reduction and oxidation in soil
affect the valence of Mn (Russell, 1973).
Mn is a constituent of ribosomes and also activates the polymerase, synthesis of
proteins, carbohydrates, acts as an activator for a major enzyme in the Krebs cycle,
is required for normal function in the photosynthetic chloroplasts, no indication is
needed in the synthesis of chlorophyll. Deficiency of Mn among others on crops of
broadleaf, interveinal chlorosis in young leaves like kekahatan Fe but more spread
to the older leaves, the cereal patches of color grayish to brownish in color and lines
on the middle and leaf base young, split seed on lupine plants (Dwidjoseputro,
1980).
C. Zinc (Zn)

Zn is absorbed by plants in the form of Zn ++ ion and alkaline soil may be

absorbed in the form of monovalent Zn (OH) +, in addition Zn absorbed
preformance chelate complex shapes, such as Zn-EDTA. As with other micro
elements, Zn can be absorbed through the leaves. Zn in soil ranges from 16-300
ppm, while the concentration of Zn in the plants ranged from 20-70 ppm. Zn
minerals present in the soil, among others sulfide (ZnS), sphalerite [(ZnFe) S],
smithzonte (ZnCO3), zinkit (ZnO), wellemit (ZnSiO3 and ZnSiO4). Function Zn
include activating enzyme anolase, aldolase, oxalic acid decarboxylase, lesitimase,
cysteine desulfihidrase, histidine deaminase, super oxide demutase (SOD),
dehydrogenase, carbon anhydrase, proteinase and peptidase, also play a role in the
biosynthesis of auxin, cell elongation and stem segments. Availability of Zn
decreased with increasing pH, excessive calcification often cause Zn availability
decreased. Soil having a high pH often show symptoms of zinc deficiency,
particularly on calcareous soils (Dwidjoseputro, 1980).
D. Copper (Cu)
Copper (Cu) is absorbed in the form of Cu ++ and may be absorbed in the form
senyaewa organic complexes, eg, Cu-EDTA (Cu-ethilen diamine tetra-acetate acid)
and Cu-DTPA (Cu diethilen triamine penta acetate acid), in the sap of plants both in
xylem and phloem almost all Cu compounds form complexes with amino acids. Cu
in the roots of plants and in the xylem> 99% in the form of the complex, in the soil,
Cu-shaped compound with S, O, CO3 and SiO4 eg, chalcocite (Cu2S), kovelit
(CUS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), borinit (Cu5FeS4), luvigit (Cu3AsS4), tetrahidrit
[(Cu, Fe) 12SO4S3)], kufirit (Cu2O), sinorit (CuO), Malachite [Cu2(OH)2CO3],
adirit [(Cu3(OH)2(CO3)], brosanit [Cu4(OH)6SO4].
Most of Cu contained in chloroplasts (> 50%) and tied by plastosianin. This
compound has a molecular weight of about 10,000 and each molecule containing
one atom of Cu. Cu micro-nutrient effect on chlorophyll, carotenoids, plastokuinon
and plastosianin. The function and role among other Cu-activate the enzyme
cytochrome oxidase, askorbit-oxidase, butyric acid-fenolase and lactase. Role in the
metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, contribute to the development of

generative plants, contribute to the symbiotic N fixation and preparation of lignin

(Dwidjoseputro, 1980).
E. Molybdenum (Mo)
Molybdenum is absorbed in the form of ion-. Variation Moo4 between toxic
point of criticism with a relatively large, when the plant is too high in addition to
toxic for plants is also dangerous for the animals that eat them. This is somewhat
different from the nature of the other micro nutrients, the leaves of the cotton
content of Mo is often about 1500 ppm. Generally the mineral soil contains enough
Mo. Clay minerals contained in the soil, among others molibderit (MoS), powellit
(Camo) 3.8H2O. Molybdenum (Mo) in solution as a cation or anion, on peat soil or
organic soil are often visible symptom of Mo deficiency, however with organic
compounds to form Mo Mo chelate compound that protects from leaching
disawahkan air.Tanah which cause an increase in the availability of Mo in the soil.
this is due to the release of the bond Mo Fe (III) oxide to Fe (II) oxide hydrate
(Russell, 1973) the function of Mo in plants is to enable the enzyme nitrogenase,
nitrate reductase and xantine oksidase. The symptoms arising due to shortage of Mo
is almost like shortage N. Mo deficiency can inhibit the growth of plants, the leaves
become pale and dead and flower formation late (Dwidjoseputro, 1980).
F. Boron (B)
Boron in the soil mainly as boric acid (H2BO3), and levels ranging between 7-80
ppm. Boron in the soil generally in the form of hydrates borate ion B (OH) 4-.
Boron is available for crops only about 5% of the total content of boron in the soil.
Boron is transported from the soil solution to the root of the plant via mass flow and
diffusion processes, in addition to the boron is often found in the form of organic
compounds. Boron also many entrapped in the lattice of clay minerals through
isomorphic substitution with Al3+ and Si4 + or. Minerals in the soil containing boron
include tourmaline (H2MgNaAl3 (BO) 2Si4O2) O20 containing 3-4% boron. The
mineral acid is formed from rocks and sediments that have undergone another
metomorfosis.Mineral containing boron is kernit (Na 2B4O7.4H2O), kolamit
(Ca2B6O11.5H2O), uleksit (NaCaB5O9.8H2O) and aksinat.Boron tied up by mineral
soil, especially seskuioksida (Al2O3 + Fe2O3) (Dwidjoseputro, 1980). The function

of boron in plants, among others, play a role in the metabolism of nucleic acids,
carbohydrates, proteins, phenols and auxin, in addition boron is also instrumental in
the division, elongation and differentiation of cells, membrane permeability and
germination of pollen. Micro-nutrient deficiency symptoms include stunted growth
in meristematic tissue (shoots root), dieback (die back), low mobility, fruit growing
extremely vulnerable, susceptible to disease (Dwidjoseputro, 1980).
G. Chlorine (Cl)
Chlorine is an element that is absorbed in the form of Cl ion by plant roots and
can also be the gas absorbed by the solution or part of the above plants, for example
daun. Level of Cl in plant around 2000-20000 ppm by dry weight of plant. Best Cl
level in plants is between 340-1200 ppm and were deemed to be in the range of
mikro.Klor nutrients in the soil are not bound by minerals, so it is a car and easily
leached by water drainase.Sumber Cl often comes from rain water, therefore causing
nutrient deficiency Cl mostly not, but rather pose problems of plant poisoning.
Chlorine serves as the transfer of plant nutrients, improve cell Osmose, preventing
water loss is not balanced, improve the absorption of other ions, to plant coconut
and palm oil is considered an important nutrient, also plays a role in photosystem II
of the photosynthesis process, especially in the evolution of oxygen. The chlorine
deficiency include abnormal patterns of branching roots, wilting symptoms (weak
and withered leaves), golden color (bronzing) on a leaf, the leaf-shaped bowl
cabbage plants (Dwidjoseputro, 1980).
According Lakitan (1993), symptoms revealed a plant due to lack of nutrient
elements can be a rough guide of the function of nutrient concerned. Symptoms of
nutrient deficiencies may be the growth of roots, stems or leaves are stunted and
chlorosis or necrosis in various organs of plants. If the availability of essential nutrients
is less than the amount needed by the plants then the plant will be disrupted metabolism
which can be visually seen from irregularities in growth.
Based on the results of lab result is that the number of roots and the longest root
length did not change significantly so it is not necessary to do advanced test. This
condition is contrary to Heddy (1989) through nutrient, plants can fulfill its life cycle.
The function of plant nutrients can not be replaced by other elements and if there is a

plant nutrient, the metabolism activity will be disrupted or stopped altogether. Besides,
generally plants that lack or absence of a nutrient will show symptoms at a certain
specific orrgan commonly called kekahatan symptoms. Elements necessary plant
nutrients are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),
potassium (K), sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) , Zinc (Zn), iron (Fe),
manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), Boron (B), Chlorine (Cl), sodium
(Na), cobalt (Co), and silicon (Si ) .No also suit Dsir (2010) nutrient reduction
treatment on the growth of plants should yield significant data. The concentration of K +,
Mg2+, Ca2+, P, K + / Na+ and Ca2+ / Na+ and the growth parameters of roots, stems and
leaves significantly reduced by an increase in salinity.

IV.
CONCLUSION AND ADVICE
A. Conclusion
Based on lab results, it can be concluded that:
1. Elements micro nutrients needed by plants in small amounts include iron (Fe),
manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), Boron (B), Chlorine
(Cl), iron ( Fe). Nutrients Macro namely N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), Ca
(calcium), Sulfur, Mg (magnesium), the influence of the three parameters of the
tested produce data that is non significantly it means perlakuaan addition and
subtraction of nutrients on plant growth seedlings of rice not take effect
B. Advice
Using crops other than rice seedlings, such as fruit trees at the same result
could be tried and made revenue.

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