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How do optical fibres affect me and

the society
Plan
1. Introduction
Contention
Optical fibres have a great impact on our society
Background information about optical fibres
An optical fibre is a semi-flexible, transparent, and extremely thin
strand of pure glass that has the diameter of a human hair.
Thousands of these strands are arranged in bundles to make a
thicker cable. Since glass is optically transparent we are able to
send information-laden rays of light over long distances. The
bigger the diameter of the optical fibre, the more information is
sent through. Information is sent through as a light signal by
using total internal reflection, which is the light signal reflected at
an angle higher
than the critical.
This process is
called total
internal
reflection

Arguments/topics to be talked about


The history of optical fibres began from the time of the Romans
and was further advanced and improved to what we have now. It
is used today in communication networking and data transfer,
and used in hospitals.

Linking sentence
Optical fibres affect our society greatly because without it, many
things would have never been invented.
2. History of Optical Fibres
Topic Sentence
The history of optical fibres is a long and rather intriguing one.
Argument/Topic 1 with information
The first glass to be have drawn into fibres was at the time of
the Romans. Later on, the first optical telegraph to have been
invented was by the French Chappe brothers in the 1790s. The
Chappe optical telegraph was a device/system made up of
series of lights mounted on the towers where
operators/workers would relay the message from one tower to
the next. After a century, physicists Daniel Collodon and
Jacques Babinet showed that light can be directed along jets of
water. This was soon improved on by a British physicist, John
Tyndall, who proved through experimentation that light signals
can be bent. In 1880, when Alexander Bell Graham invented
the optical telephone system, William Wheeler invented a
system of light pipes lined with a highly reflective coating that
illuminated homes from an electric arc lamp placed in the
basement directing the light around the house using these
pipes. The first attempt to guiding light images and television
was in 1888, attempted by a French engineer by the name of
Henry Saint-Rene using a system of bent glass rods. There
were many attempts after this at transmitting images but the
first successful attempt at this was by Heinrich Lamm through
a bundle of optical fibres in the 1920s. Unfortunately, his
effort to file a patent was denied because of Hansells own
patent. Another person was also denied after attempting to file

a Danish patent on optic-fibre imaging in which he proposed


cladding glass or plastic fibres with a very low index
transparent material. Van Heel later produced a cladded fibre
system/device that greatly cancelled out any possibility of
signal interference and crosstalk between fibres. Finally, many
scientists and physicists improved the optical fibre topic which
resulted in the optical fibres we have today.
Linking sentence
The history of optical fibres is a great and very important
history of improvements and attempts that help optical fibres
affect our society today.
3. Communication
Topic sentence
Optical fibres have really affected our society by its use in our
communication services and data transfer
Argument/Topic 2 with information
Optical fibre cables have made a big change in our modern
society. A single optic fibre, which is a tenth as thick as the
diameter of a human hair, can easily carry by itself 25,000
calls. Imagine what one entire cable can do, probably millions
of calls being carried through. In the olden days, copper wires
were used for mostly everything to do with light bulbs and
wiring of phones and internet. Now, optical fibre cables are
being used more often than copper wires because of several
things. Firstly, even though optical fibres are more expensive to
install than copper wires, it is more safe than copper as copper
is very susceptible to shock hazard. Secondly, optical fibres is
much more lighter and thinner than the big clumsy copper
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wires, having another advantage over copper wires. Thirdly,


optic fibres are immune to radio frequency interference and
electromagnetic interference which would be amazing
especially where close proximity to electronic deivces can
cause these interferences. Finally, optical fibres have a much
huger data bandwidth than copper wires, transmitting more
data than what copper wires could do.
Linking sentence
Optical fibres have shaped our society in a much more defined
manner where everything is available to you whether internet
wise or communication wise in the matter of a couple of
seconds.
4. Hospital use of optical fibres
Topic sentence
Today, hospitals and methods of healing and diagnosing have
been further improved by the use of optic fibres.
Argument/Topic 3 with information
A device that uses optical fibres and is used in hospitals is the
endoscope. What is the endoscope? The endoscope is an
instrument that is used to look inside a patients body. You can
use an endoscope to view many, many parts of the human body.
Each body part has a specific endoscope. Athroscope for the
joints, bronchoscope for the esophagus and the lungs,
colonscope for the colon and the bowel, coloposcope for the
vagina and cervix, cystoeurethroscope for the bladder and
urethra, cystoscope for the bladder and many more. Endoscopes
dont necessarily only look into the interior of a patients organs,
but can also perform surgery. It can be used to suck out
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obstacles in the bronchial tubes in the lungs, carrying out


biopsies (removing small tissue samples for esting) and other
minor surgical or medical procedures. Optical fibres are also
used in fibre-optic biomedical sensors which sense by detecting
the modulation of one or more of the
properties of light that is guided
inside the fibre.
Linking sentence
Optical fibres may have shaped our
society communication and internet
wise, but it also has shaped our
society and affected through
medicine and hospitals.
5. Conclusion
Topic sentence
Optical fibres are a great device that have shaped our society
many ways
Points
It has a great history from which we can learn about and further
improve and modernize our society. It has been a great factor in
great internet data widthband and data transferrance and finally,
it has been a great help in diagnosing patients and viewing the
interior of their organs for diseases or infections.
Linking sentence
Optical fibres affect our society greatly because without it, many
things would have never been invented.

Essay
An optical fibre is a semi-flexible,
transparent, and extremely thin strand of
pure glass that has the diameter of a
human hair. Thousands of these strands are
arranged in bundles to make a thicker
cable. Since glass is optically transparent
we are able to send information-laden rays
of light over long distances. The bigger the
diameter of the optical fibre, the more
information is sent through. Information is
sent through as a light signal by using total
internal reflection, which is the light signal
reflected at an angle higher than the critical
angle. This process is called total internal reflection. The history of
optical fibres began from the time of the Romans and was further
advanced and improved to what we have now. It is used today in
communication networking and data transfer, and used in
hospitals. Optical fibres affect
our society greatly because
without it, many things would
have never been invented.
The history of optical fibres is a long and rather intriguing one.
The first glass to be have drawn into fibres was at the time of the
Romans. Later on, the first optical telegraph to have been
invented was by the French Chappe brothers in the 1790s. The
Chappe optical telegraph was a device/system made up of series
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of lights mounted on the towers where operators/workers would


relay the message from one tower to the next. After a century,
physicists Daniel Collodon and Jacques Babinet showed that light
can be directed along jets of water. This was soon improved on by
a British physicist, John Tyndall, who proved through
experimentation that light signals can be
bent. In 1880, when Alexander Bell
Graham invented the optical telephone
system, William Wheeler invented a
system of light pipes lined with a highly
reflective coating that illuminated homes
from an electric arc lamp placed in the
basement directing the light around the
house using these pipes. The first
attempt to guiding light images and
television was in 1888, attempted by a
French engineer by the name of Henry
Saint-Rene using a system of bent glass
rods. There were many attempts after
this at transmitting images but the first
successful attempt at this was by
Heinrich Lamm through a bundle of optical fibres in the 1920s.
Unfortunately, his effort to file a patent was denied because of
Hansells own patent. Another person was also denied after
attempting to file a Danish patent on optic-fibre imaging in which
he proposed cladding glass or plastic fibres with a very low index
transparent material. Van Heel later produced a cladded fibre
system/device that greatly cancelled out any possibility of signal
interference and crosstalk between fibres. Finally, many scientists
and physicists improved the optical fibre topic which resulted in
the optical fibres we have today. The history of optical fibres is a
great and very important history of improvements and attempts
that help optical fibres affect our society today.

Optical fibres have really affected our society by its use in our
communication services and transferrance of data from one
region or area to another. Optical fibre cables have made a big
change in our modern society. A single optic fibre, which is a tenth
as thick as the diameter of a human hair, can easily carry by itself
25,000 calls. Imagine what
one entire cable can do,
probably millions of calls being
carried through. In the olden
days, copper wires were used
for mostly everything to do
with light bulbs and wiring of
phones and internet. Now,
optical fibre cables are being
used more often than copper wires because of several things.
Firstly, even though optical fibres are more expensive to install
than copper wires, it is more safe than copper as copper is very
susceptible to shock hazard. Secondly, optical fibres is much more
lighter and thinner than the big clumsy copper wires, having
another advantage over copper wires. Thirdly, optic fibres are
immune to radio frequency interference and electromagnetic
interference which would be amazing especially where close
proximity to electronic deivces can cause these interferences.
Finally, optical fibres have a much huger data bandwidth than
copper wires, transmitting more data than what copper wires
could do. Optical fibres have shaped our society in a much more
defined manner where everything is available to you in the matter
of a couple of seconds.
Today, hospitals and methods of healing and diagnosing have
been further improved by the use of optic fibres. A device that
uses optical fibres and is used in hospitals is the endoscope. What
is the endoscope? The endoscope is an instrument that is used to
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look inside a patients body. You can use an endoscope to view


many, many parts of the human body. Each body part has a
specific endoscope. Athroscope for the
joints, bronchoscope for the esophagus
and the lungs, colonscope for the colon
and the bowel, coloposcope for the
vagina and cervix, cystoeurethroscope
for the bladder and urethra, cystoscope
for the bladder and many more.
Endoscopes dont necessarily only look
into the interior of a patients organs,
but can also perform surgery. It can be
used to suck out obstacles in the
bronchial tubes in the lungs, carrying out biopsies (removing
small tissue samples for esting) and other minor surgical or
medical procedures. Optical fibres are also used in fibre-optic
biomedical sensors which sense by detecting the modulation of
one or more of the properties of light that is guided inside the
fibre. Optical fibres may have shaped our society communication
and internet wise, but it also has shaped our society and affected
through medicine and hospitals.
Optical fibres have improved our society in many great ways. It
has a great history from which we can learn about and further
improve and modernize our society. It has been a great factor in
great internet data widthband and data transferrance and finally,
it has been a great help in diagnosing patients and viewing the
interior of their organs for diseases or infections. Optical fibres
affect our society greatly because without it, many things would
have never been invented.

Bibliography
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/endoscopes.html

http://www.laserfocusworld.com/articles/2011/01/medicalapplications-of-fiber-optics-optical-fiber-sees-growth-as-medicalsensors.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOPFzOgQH4w
http://www.timbercon.com/history-of-fiber-optics/
http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/fiber-optic

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