Western Cape

Air Quality Management Plan 2016

0

Acknowledgments
The following individuals and groups made valuable input through their participation in
the development of this 2nd Generation Air Quality Management Plan for the Western
Cape 2016:
Project Team: Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning
(DEA&DP)

Dr. Joy Leaner

Ms. Sally Benson

Mr. Bhawoodien Parker

Mr. Peter Harmse

Ms. Xenthia Smith

Ms. Claudia Frazenburg

Ms. Portia Rululu

Ms. Gavaza Mhlarhi

Mr. Faseeg Salie

Mr. Garreth Grosch

Mr. Shawn Le Roux

Mr. Njabulo Masuku

Mr. Leon Wildschut

Ms. Bianca Hendricks

Mr. Deon Stoltz

Ms. Palesa Mothiba

Ms. Lize Jennings-Boom

Mr. Goosain Isaacs

Mr. John Wilson

Mr. Paul Hardcastle

Ms. Melissa Naiker

Mr. Ambrose Carelse

Mr. Hassan Parker

Mr. Andr van der Merwe

Project Team: Municipalities

Ms. Riaan Du Toit, Mr Neville Dreyer, Ms Bulelwa Mtakati, Mr Erik Du Bondt ,
Mr Marais Swart (Overberg District Municipality)

Mr. Ian Gildenhuys and Mr Ed Filby (City of Cape Town Metropolitan

Municipality)

Dr. Johann Schoeman (Eden District Municipality)

Mr. Marius Engelbrecht (Cape Winelands District Municipality)

Mr.

Piet

Fabricius

and

Ms

Cindy

Gantein-Bain

(West

Coast

District

Municipality)

Mr. Gerrit Van Zyl and Mr Leon Crafford (Central Karoo District Municipality)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

Acronyms

iii

Foreword

vi

Summary

vii

Chapter 1:

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 2:

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

13

4 15

Chapter 3:

REVIEW OF THE WESTERN CAPE AIR QUALITY

MANAGEMENT PLAN 2010

16

19
Chapter 4:

AIR QUALITY IN THE WESTERN CAPE: A PROVINCIAL,

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ASSET

20

53

SUMMARY OF THE SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

OVERVIEW: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT

PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
GOVERNANCE: AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING
GOVERNANCE: AIR QUALITY OFFICERS FORUMS
ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS LICENSING
AIR QUALITY COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT
AIR QUALITY EMISSIONS INVENTORIES
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Chapter 5:

GAPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Chapter 6:

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN ACTION PLAN

54 60
61

88

Chapter 7:

ANNEXURES

Chapter 8:

REFERENCES

89 92
93

94

ACRONYMS
ACSA - Airports Company South Africa
AEL - Atmospheric Emission Licence
APPA - Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act (No. 45 of 1965)
AQMP - Air Quality Management Plan
AQM Air Quality Management
AQO Air Quality Officer
AQOF Air Quality Officers Forum
CCA - Customs Controlled Area
CCT City of Cape Town
CDM - Clean Development Mechanism
CKDM Central Karoo District Municipality
CH4 Methane
COP - Conference of the Parties
CO Carbon Monoxide
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CWDM Cape Winelands District Municipality
D: AQM Directorate: Air Quality Management
DEROs - Desired Emission Reduction Outcomes
DoE - Department of Energy
DEA - Department of Environmental Affairs
DEA&DP - Department: Environmental Affairs Development and Planning
DM District Municipality
DNA - Designated National Authority
DTI Department of Trade and Industry
DoT - Department of Transport
EAPRAC Environmental Assessment Practitioners
EDM Eden District Municipality

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMI Environmental Management Inspector
GHG - Greenhouse Gas
GN - Government Notice
HBI - Hot Briquetting Iron
HRA Health Risk Assessment
IDP Integrated Development Plan
IDZ - Industrial Development Zone
IGTT - Inter-Governmental Task Team
IOHF - Iron Ore Handling Facility
IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRP - Integrated Resource Plan
LiCO - Licensing Company
LM Local Municipality
MEC Member of the Executive Council
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
NAEIS - National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory System
NEMA: National Environmental Management Act (No. 107 of 1998)
NEM: AQA - National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (No. 39 of 2004)
NEM: AQAA - National Environmental Management: Air Quality Amendment Act
(No. 20 of 2014)
NEM: WA -

National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (No. 59 of

2008)
NERSA - National Energy Regulator of South Africa
N2O Nitrous Oxide
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide
ODM Overberg District Municipality
PAEL Provisional Atmospheric Emission Licensing
PAIA - Promotion for Access to Information Act (No. 2 of 2000)
PERO - Provincial Economic Review and Outlook
PM Particulate Matter
PM10 Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10m and smaller
PM2.5 Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5m and smaller
PPP Public Participation Process
PV - Photovoltaics
REIPPP -

Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Procurement

Programme

SAAELIP - South African Atmospheric Emission Licensing and Inventory Portal

SAAQIS South African Air Quality Information System
SAB - South African Breweries
SANEDI - South African National Energy Development Institute
SATIB - South African Tradeable Renewable Energy Certificate Issuing Body
SBIDZ Saldanha Bay Industrial Development Zone
SEA - Strategic Environmental Assessment
SEMA -

Specific Environmental Management Act

SNAEL - System National Atmospheric Emission Licensing

SO2 - Sulphur Dioxide
StatsSA Statistics South Africa
TNPA - Transnet National Ports Authority
TPT - Transnet Port Terminals
ToR Terms of Reference
UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
US EPA United States Protection Agency
VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds
WCDM West Coast District Municipality
WWTP - Waste Water Treatment Plants

FOREWORD
To be included.

Summary
The Western Cape Government, through the Department of Environmental Affairs and
Development Planning (DEA&DP), both implements systems and provides an oversight
role in the Province with respect to air quality management. In line with the National
Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (No. 39 of 2004; NEM: AQA), a Western Cape
Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) was developed in 2010 to manage air quality in the
Province, hereafter referred to as AQMP2010.
Following 5 years of its implementation, the DEA&DP embarked on a review of the
AQMP2010. A series of regional public participation process (PPP) workshops were held
and the public were invited to review and evaluate the AQMP2010 and to among other
things:

assess progress made in air quality management in the Province;

establish whether the identified goals and targets have been effectively
implemented;

establish whether the goals and targets were still valid in terms of new
developments and economic growth in the Province; and

identify potential air quality risks and interventions that can be translated into
new goals and objectives, where required.

This 2nd Generation Western Cape Air Quality Management Plan is the culmination of a
review process following five years of implementation of the AQMP2010. During the PPP
workshops all the goals that were originally adopted in the AQMP2010, were deemed
valid and no additional goals were proposed. Further, there was a general public request
that awareness raising of air quality management and climate change be prioritised,
since air pollution and climate change goes hand in hand and makes for a dangerous
pair. Awareness raising campaigns in this regard would assist with making informed
decisions towards preventing environmental degradation. As such, Goals 2 and 4 were
adapted to strengthen the integration between air quality management and climate
change response.
The vision of the 2nd Generation Western Cape Air Quality Management Plan is Clean
and healthy air for all in the Western Cape, which can only be met when industrial /
commercial activities and community emissions are monitored and managed. However, it
is recognised that community emissions are the greatest challenge, mainly because of
both increased population and increased per capita energy consumption.
The goals of the 2nd Generation Western Cape Air Quality Management Plan are as
follows:

Goal 1: To ensure effective and consistent air quality management, linked to

climate change response;

Goal 2: To continually engage with stakeholders to raise awareness with respect

to air quality management and climate change response;

Goal 3: To ensure effective and consistent air quality compliance monitoring and
enforcement;

Goal 4: To support air quality and climate change response programmes,

including promoting and facilitating the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

The 2011 Census shows a 2.5% annual population growth in the Western Cape, while the
energy consumption in the Province has grown from 247 742 000 Gigajoule (GJ) in 2004
to 270 887 000 GJ in 2009 (excluding aviation and marine figures). With aviation and
international marine values included, the energy consumption in the Western Cape totals
339 117 323 GJ. This equates to 41 303 482 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2e)
(DEA&DP, 2013b).
Community emissions are closely linked with the burning of fossil fuels which not only
causes the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG), it also results in carbon monoxide
(CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC)
being emitted during the burning process. These emissions likely pose a risk to human
health and the environment. Reducing emissions of air pollutants to slow the pace of
climate change is expected to have ancillary benefits towards improving air quality.
As sustainable economic growth and development is all important in this Province, it is
important that the DEA&DP ensures that all the municipalities in the Western Cape fulfil
their mandatory obligation to the NEM: AQA. This 2 nd Generation Western Cape Air
Quality

Management

provides

the

blue-print

upon

which

the

DEA&DP

and

Municipalities continues to effectively and efficiently implement the NEM: AQA in the
Province.

ORGANISATION OF THE 2nd GENERATION WESTERN CAPE AQMP

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter one provides a background to the challenges of air quality and climate change.

Chapter 2: Air Quality Management and Climate Change

Chapter two explains the legislative and policy developments in respect of air quality
management and climate change in South Africa.

Chapter 3: Review of the Western Cape Air Quality Management Plan

2010

Chapter three provides an overview of the Public Participation Workshops, which the
DEA&DP has conducted as part of the review of the Western Cape AQMP2010.

Chapter 4: The Western Cape A National Air Quality Asset

Chapter four provides a summary of the situational analysis in respect of air quality
management in the Western Cape, inclusive of the progress made during the
implementation of the Provincial AQMP2010 and those of the Municipal AQMPs, where
adopted; Air Quality Officer designation in the Province; the quarterly Western Cape
Provincial Air Quality Officers Forums conducted; the status of ambient air quality
monitoring and inventories; as well as air quality compliance and enforcement
programmes conducted.

Chapter 5: Gaps and Recommendations

This chapter identifies the gaps and recommendations made in terms of managing air
quality in the Western Cape. The recommendations are addressed in this 2 nd Generation
Western Cape Air Quality Management Plan.

Chapter 6: 2nd Generation Western Cape Air Quality Management Plan

Chapter six provides the Vision, Mission, Goals and Action Plan of the 2 nd Generation
Western Cape Air Quality Management Plan.

Chapter 7: Annexures

This chapter provides Annexures that are pertinent to the 2 nd Generation Western Cape
Air Quality Management Plan.

Chapter 8: References

This chapter provides the references used in developing this 2 nd Generation Western
Cape Air Quality Management Plan.