Abstract

The core purpose of this article is to identify a

case with severe psychological disturbance. It
was a complete analysis of a patient who was
suffering with major depressive disorder, with
single episode. It was not only to find the
diagnosis of a patient. It had been covered
the symptoms of the depressed patient.
Through this extensive study we have find the
different precipitating factors (also called Risk
factors) which can lead an individual towards
depression up to the mark. Beside this a
conducting focused on the mode of treatment
which are best suited for client/patient. The
best recommended therapy for a depression
is Cognitive Behavior therapy, Emotion
Focused Therapy, and behavior therapy.

Introduction
The aim of the present article is to study
about depression its casual factor and its
effective treatment. There is so much
literature available regarding the definition;
its over view, prevalence, and the nature of
depression. The most important thing of this
literature review is to represent actual case
report and to implement all the above
mention aspect into the real case scenario.

Representation of Depression
Depression is the most potent psychiatric
disorder. This disorder is significantly affecting
the 350 million of the people world around.
The World Mental Health survey conducted in
17 countries and it has been found that in
every 20 peoples 1 is suffering with
depressive episodes. If pay attention to onset
of the Depressive disorders it often start at a
young age; it minimize the functioning of an
individual and it is in the different condition
such as in recurrent For these reasons,

depression is the leading cause of disability

worldwide in terms of total years lost due to
disability.. A recent World Health Assembly
called on the World Health Organization and
its member states to take action in this
direction (WHO, 2012). Depression can be
defined as a state in which a person
having loss of interest in pleasure able
activities, loss of pleasant mood. The
basic differentiation of depressed mood from
sadness is that the early one is persistent,
cognition, physical and behavioral aspects
play more important role in causing
depression. Functional impairment is high in
depression. Some of the other symptoms that
client feels like lack of Joy, hopelessness and
helplessness, over eating or loss of eating,
low self-esteem, Insomnia. According to
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorder DSM-IV TR depression can be
diagnosed when five symptoms are met out of
nine symptomatic criteria for at least two
weeks.
a. Depressed Mood

b. Diminished interest in pleasurable

activities.
c. Weight loss or weight gain
d. Insomnia or Hypersomnia
e. Psychomotor agitation
f. Loss of energy
g. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
h. Poor concentration
i. Recurrent thoughts of death and self-harm
A major depressive disorder can be diagnosed
in a single episode (first episode) and it is also
in recurrent depression (occurrence of
depression again and again). The intensity of
depression is diagnosed on three levels i.e.
Mild, Moderate, and Severe. According to the
American Psychiatric Association DSM-5
(2012) they included different categories of
mental disorder in to the list Of Major
Depressive Disorder like Disruptive Mood
regulation disorder, Persistent depressive
Disorder.

The most potent age of depression is

Adolescence and young adulthood. However,
the first onset can occur at any age in life.
Depression is usually episodic. The US
National Comorbidity Survey showed that
three-quarters of people aged 1554 years
who had ever met criteria for depression had
more than one episode. Their mean age was
34, and they reported an average of four
episodes in the 11 years since their first
episode (Kessler et al 1996). The WHO Global
Burden of Disease (2000) they examined that
the mean episodic duration is of 26th (Ustun
et al., 2004) the median period of an episode
is less than 26, which is about 13 weeks.

Case Identification
Name: Deepak Mehra
Age: 38
Sex: Male
Mr. Deepak Mishra is 38 years old male. He is
doing a job of superident. He was with the
complaints of Crying spells, Body weakness,

insomnia, loss of appetite, aggressive

behavior. Client reported that he is not going
on job from last 16 days. He becomes irritable
when any one tries to talk with him. He
became irritated very quickly. Client also
reported lack of sleep he is facing difficulty in
initiating and maintaining sleep some time he
is feeling terror in the sleep. According to the
patient he has decrease appetite, he is facing
the problem weight loss as reported by the
client he has 78 kg weight before the problem
but he has only 52 kg weight. He also
reported that he is not interested into making
he likes to live alone and isolated. Client
reported that he has pessimistic thoughts
regarding future, self, and world. He was
unable to think positively.

Symptoms of depression
According to Deepak Mishra, he was
experiencing the below symptoms of
depression: Difficulty concentrating, remembering
details, and making decisions

 Fatigue and decreased energy

Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and/or
helplessness
Feelings of hopelessness and/or pessimism
Insomnia, early-morning wakefulness, or
excessive sleeping
Irritability, restlessness
Loss of interest in activities or hobbies once
pleasurable
Overeating or appetite loss
Persistent aches or
pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive
problems that do not ease even with
treatment
Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings
Thoughts of suicide, suicide attempts

Treatment

1. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)

People suffering from depression - particularly
'non-melancholic depression' - will often have
an ongoing negative view about themselves
and the world around them. This negative way
of thinking is often not confined to depression,
but is an ongoing part of how the person
thinks about life. Many or all of their
experiences are distorted through a negative
filter and their thinking patterns become so
entrenched that they don't even notice the
errors of judgement caused by thinking
irrationally.
Cognitive behaviour therapy aims to show
people how their thinking affects their mood
and to teach them to think in a less negative
way about life and themselves. It is based on
the understanding that thinking negatively is
a habit, and, like any other bad habit, can be
broken.CBT is conducted by trained therapists either in
one-on-one therapy sessions or in small groups. People
are trained to look logically at the evidence for their

negative thoughts, and to adjust the way they view the

world around them. The therapist will provide 'homework'
for between sessions. Between 6-10 sessions can be
required but the number will vary from person to person.

2. Interpersonal Therapy for

Depression
Interpersonal therapy focuses on the
behaviors and interactions a depressed
patient has with family, friends, co-workers,
and other important people encountered on a
day-to-day basis. The primary goal of this
therapy is to improve communication skills
and increase self-esteem during a short
period of time. It usually lasts three to four
months and works well for depression caused
by loss and grief, relationship conflicts, major
life events, social isolation, or role transitions
(such as becoming a mother or a caregiver).
It has been demonstrated to be an effective
treatment for depression and has been
modified to treat other psychiatric disorders
such as substance use disorders and eating
disorders. It is incumbent upon the therapist
in the treatment to quickly establish a

therapeutic alliance with positive

countertransference of warmth, empathy,
affective attunement and positive regard for
encouraging a positive transferential
relationship, from which the patient is able to
seek help from the therapist despite
resistance. It is primarily used as a short-term
therapy completed in 1216 weeks, but it has
also been used as a maintenance therapy for
patients with recurrent depression.

3. Mindfulness-based cognitive
therapy (MBCT)
MBCT is generally delivered in groups and
involves a type of meditation called
'mindfulness meditation'. This teaches you to
focus on the present moment just noticing
whatever youre experiencing, whether it's
pleasant or unpleasant without trying to
change it. At first, this approach is used to
focus on physical sensations (like breathing),
but then moves on to feelings and thoughts.
MBCT can help to stop your mind wandering
off into thoughts about the future or the past,
and avoid unpleasant thoughts and feelings.

This is thought to be helpful in preventing

depression from returning because it
encourages you to notice feelings of sadness
and negative thinking patterns early on,
before they become fixed. As a result, youre
able to deal with warning signs earlier and
more effectively.

4. Antidepressants
Antidepressants are drugs, used to prevent or
treat depression.
The available antidepressant drugs include
the SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors, MAOIs or monoamine oxidase
inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, tetracyclic
antidepressants, and others.
Antidepressants should not be used unless
the depression is severe and/or other

treatments have failed. As with all drugs, the

use of antidepressants requires monitoring for
side effects, and suicide should be considered
a possible side effect of the newer
antidepressants, particularly in children and
adolescents.
Patients who receive a combination of
antidepressant medication and psychotherapy
tend to get better results with major
depressive disorder compared to those who
are on medication alone or have just
psychotherapy, according to several studies.

Conclusions
Deepak Mehra is now an energetic, normal
man without any more episodes of
depression. He says its all because of the
therapies and the antidepressants that he has
fully recovered, which he had undergone in 6
months. Now he doesnt take any

antidepressants but regularly goes for the

therapy sessions as advised by the doctor.
Now Deepaks full attention is on his family
and work and he is not insomniac.

THE INDIAN COMMUNITY

SCHOOL
Senior Branch, KUWAIT
(RECOGNIZED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, KUWAIT AND

AFFILIATED TO THE CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION,

NEW DELHI)

Psychology Case Study

DEPRESSION

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by: SYEDA ASMA
FATIMA

C LASS: XII-B ROLL

NUMBER: 36

In partial fulfillment of the AISSC

Examination

THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL,

KUWAIT

(DEPARTMENT

OF PSYCHOLOGY)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
CERTIFIED TO BE THE BONAFIDE
RECORD OF WORK DONE BY M ISS SYEDA
ASMA FATIMA OF CLASS XII-B IN THE INDIAN
COMMUNITY SCHOOL, KUWAIT DURING THE
YEAR 2016-2017.

DATED: ___________________
P.G.T. in
PSYCHOLOGY
THE INDIAN COMMUNITY
SCHOOL
KUWAIT
SUBMITTED FOR ALL INDIAN SENIOR CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION IN PSYCHOLOGY AT THE INDIAN
COMMUNITY SCHOOL, KUWAIT

DATE ___________________

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
SEAL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project could not be completed without
the able guidance of my psychology teacher
Mrs. NAVJOT KAUR. I owe my heartfelt
gratitude to her. I also would like to thank
my parents for all the moral support
rendered by them to me.

DECLARATION
I Syeda Asma Fatima of class X11-B
hereby declare that work presented in this
project is original work done by me during
the year 2016-2017.

SIGNATURE:
NAME

CLASS

Syeda Asma Fatima

X11-B

Index
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Abstract
Introduction
Representation of depression
Case identification
Treatment

a) Cognitive behaviour therapy

b) Interpersonal therapy
c)
Mindfulness
based
cognitive
therapy
d) Antidepressants
6) Conclusions
7) Bibliography

Bibliography

Psychology NCERT Class XII

Reader

Academic American
Encyclopedia