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oleh :
Muhammad Fajar Anshori
141321020
Soal:
400MW
250MW
2
1
3
300MW
0.118 + j0.237
0.19 + j0.38
180MW
0.1006 + j0.2012
250MW
0.0459+ j0.1427
0.112 + j0.223
Slack Bus
V1 = 1.050o
200
MW
| V3 | = 1.04
75MW
Perhitungan Manual
y12
1
0. 424 63.4 3o
y23
1
o
0.264 63 .5 3
= 3.787 -63.53o
= 1.687 j3.390
y34
1
o
0.225 63.4 3
= 4.44 -63.43o
= 1.985 j3.971
1
0.2563.5 3o
= 4 -63.53o
= 1.789 j3.577
1
0.150 72.15 o
= 6.667 -72.15o
= 2.043 j6.346
y45
y15
= 2.358 -63.43o
= 1.054 j2.108
S2
=-
(400+ j 250)
100
= -4.0 j2.5 pu
S sc3 h
=-
(300+ j180)
100
= -3.0 j1.8 pu
=-
(250+ j75)
100
sc h
S sc4 h
S sc5 h =
200
100
= 2.0 pu
= -2.5 j0.75 pu
Bus 1 is taken as reference bus (slack bus). Starting from an initial estimate of
(0)
= V3
(0)
= V4
(0)
sc h
V (1)
2
=
V (0)
2
= 1.04 + j0.0
sc h
P2 jQ 2
+ y 12 V 1 + y 23 V (0)
3
(0)
V2
y 12+ y 23
4.0+ j2.5
+ ( 2.358 63.4 3o ) ( 1.05 ) + ( 3.787 63.4 3o ) (1.0)
1.0 j0.0
( 1.054 j 2.108 ) +(1.687 j 3.390)
(1)
3
(0)
3
+ y 23 V 2+ y34 V (1)
2
y 23+ y 34
3.0+ j 1.8
o
o
o
+ ( 3.787 63.5 3 ) ( 1.0 )+ ( 4.44 63.4 3 ) (0.54 47.6 2 )
1.0 j0.0
( 1.687 j3.39 ) +(1.985 j 3.971)
V (1)
4
=
Psc4 h jQ sc4 h
+ y 34 V 3+ y 45 V (1)
3
(0)
V4
y 34+ y 45
2.5+ j 0. 75
+ ( 4.44 63.4 3o ) ( 1.0 ) + ( 4 63.4 3o ) ( 0.54049.83 o)
1.0 j 0.0
( 1.985 j3.971 ) +(1.789 j 3.577)
Q(1)
5
= - { V 5 [ V 5 (y15 + y45) y15V1 y45 V 4 ]}
(0)
(1)
The value of Q5
sch
is used Q5 for the computation of voltage at bus 5. The
(1)
complex voltage at bus 5, denoted by V c 5 is calculated
V (1)
c5 =
Psc5 h jQ sc5 h
+ y 15 V 1+ y 45 V (1)
4
(0)
V5
y 15+ y 45
=
2.0 j 1.32285
+ ( 6.667 7 2.1 5o ) ( 1.05 ) + ( 4 63.4 3o ) (0.6277 44.8 1o )
1.04
10.63 68.8 8o
= 1.0179 -3.46o = 1.0161 j0.0616
(1)
Since |V5| is held constant at 1.04 pu, only the imaginary part of V c 5 is retained,
(1)
i.e. f 5 = -0.0616, and its real part is obtained from
(1)
e5
(1.04)2(0.0616)2
= 1.0381
Thus
V (1)
5
= 1.0381 j0.0616 = 1.0399-3.39o
V (2)
3
=
sch
Psch
3 jQ 3
+ y 23 V 2+ y 34 V (22 )
(1)
V3
y 23 + y 34
=
3.0+ j 1.8
+ ( 3.787 63.53 o ) (1.0 )+ ( 4.44 63.4 3 o ) (0.755 196.17 o)
o
0.540 49 .8 3
( 1.687 j 3.39 ) +(1.985 j3.971)
= 0.907 175.14o = -0.9046 + j0.0769
(2)
V4
sch
Psch
4 jQ 4
(2)
+ y 34 V 3 + y 45 V 3
(1)
V4
y 34 + y 45
=
2.5+ j 0.75
o
o
o
+ ( 4.44 63.4 3 ) ( 1.0 ) + ( 4 63.4 3 ) (0. 907 175.14 )
o
0. 6277 4 4 .8 1
( 1.985 j 3.971 ) +(1.789 j3.577)
= 0.7795 -166.22o = -0.7571 j0.1856
Bus 3 is regulated bus where voltage magnitude and real power are specified. For the
voltage-controlled bus, for the reactive power is computed from (6.30).
(2)
(1)
(2)
Q5 = - { V 5 [ V 5 (y15 + y45) y15V1 y45 V 4 ]}
(1)
(2)
sch
The value of Q5 is used Q5 for the computation of voltage at bus 5. The
(2)
complex voltage at bus 5, denoted by V c 5 is calculated
(2)
Vc5 =
sch
Psch
5 jQ 5
+ y 15 V 1+ y 45 V (24 )
(1)
V5
y 15 + y 45
=
2.0 j 1.32285
o
o
o
+ ( 6.667 72.1 5 ) ( 1.05 ) + ( 4 63.4 3 ) (0.7795 166.22 )
1.04
10.6368.8 8 o
= 1.0179 -3.46o = 0.9725 j0.2055
(2)
Since |V5| is held constant at 1.04 pu, only the imaginary part of V c 5 is retained,
(2)
i.e. f 5 = -0.2055, and its real part is obtained from
e(1)
5
(1.04)2(0.2055)2
= 1.0194
Thus
(1)
V5
V2
V3
V4
0.7954 +
0.293 +
-0.0093 +
j0.4068
j0.445
0.2089j0.768
-0.586 +
j0.222
0.753 +
j0.2470
0.119 j0.4109
j0.491
0.5715 j0.593
-0.413 j0.168
0.449 +
j0.6967
0.3657 j0.247
0.1356- j0.458
-0.6619 +
j0.6020
0.8841 - j0.022
0.1157 - j0.281
Q5
5.669
0.551
5.115
4.346
1.761
V5
1.039 +
j0.0231
1.036 - j0.086
1.028 j0.1543
1.020 +
j0.2020
0.990 +
j0.0334
To find the line flows, first the line currents are computed. With line charging
capacitors neglected, the line currents are
I12 = y12 (V1 V2)
= 1.5788 - j1.6724
I21 = - I12 = -1.5788 + j1.6724
I23 = y23 (V2 V3)
= 0.4305 + j0.2320
I32 = - I23 = -0.4305 - j0.2320
I34 = y34 (V3 V4)
= -1.1351 + j0.6527
I43 = - I34 = 1.1351 - j0.6527
I45 = y45 (V4 V5)
= -2.2118 + j1.9065
I54 = - I45 = 2.2118 - j1.9065
I15 = y15 (V1 V5)
= -0.1905 - j0.1351
I51 = - I15 = 0.1905 + j0.1351
The line flows are
S12
S21
S23
S32
S34
S43
S45
S54
S15
S51
= 1.6578 + j1.7560 pu
= 165.78 MW + j175.60 Mvar
= -0.6541 + j0.2514 pu
= -65.41 MW + j25.14 Mvar
= -0.0156 - j0.1482 pu
= -1.56 MW + j14.82 Mvar
= 0.0437 + 0.2048i pu
= 4.37 MW + j20.48 Mvar
= -0.4043 + j0.3882 pu
= -40.43 MW + 38.82 Mvar
= 0.5770 - j0.0428 pu
= 57.70 MW j4.28 Mvar
= -1.2817 - j0.1488 pu
= -128.17 MW - j14.88 Mvar
= 2.2354 + j2.0556 pu
= 223.54 MW + j205.56 Mvar
= -0.2000 + j0.1419 pu
= -200 MW + j14.19 Mvar
= 0.2025 - j0.1341 pu
= 20.25 MW j13.41 Mvar
The power flow diagram with power wolrd simulation is shown in Figure 6.14 , where
real power direction is indicated by (
indicated by (
loses in the line.
). The values within parentheses are the real and the reactive
Figure 6.14 Power flow diagram with power world simulation (powers in MW and Mvar).
V4=1+j*0;
Vm5=1.04;
V5=1.04+j*0;
for I=1:7;
iter=iter+1
E2 = V2;
E3 = V3;
E4 = V4;
E5 = V5;
V2 = (conj(S2)/conj(V2)+y12*V1+y23*V3)/(y12+y23)
DV2 = V2-E2
V3 = (conj(S3)/conj(V3)+y23*V2+y34*V3)/(y23+y34)
DV3 = V3-E3
V4 = (conj(S4)/conj(V4)+y34*V3+y45*V4)/(y34+y45)
DV4 = V4-E4
Q5 = -imag(conj(V5)*(y55*V5-y15*V1-y45*V4))
S5 = P5 +j*Q5;
Vc5 = (conj(S5)/conj(V5)+y15*V1+y45*V4)/(y15+y45)
Vi5 = imag(Vc5);
Vr5= sqrt(Vm5^2 - Vi5^2);
V5 = Vr5 + j*Vi5
DV5=V5-E5
end
format short
I12=y12*(V1-V2); I21=-I12;
I23=y23*(V2-V3); I32=-I23;
I34=y34*(V3-V4); I43=-I34;
I45=y45*(V4-V5); I54=-I45;
I15=y15*(V1-V5); I51=-I15;
S12=V1*conj(I12); S21=V2*conj(I21);
S23=V2*conj(I23); S32=V3*conj(I32);
S34=V3*conj(I34); S43=V4*conj(I43);
S45=V4*conj(I45); S54=V5*conj(I54);
S15=V1*conj(I15); S51=V5*conj(I51);
I1221=[I12,I21]
I2332=[I23,I32]
I3443=[I34,I43]
I4554=[I45,I54]
I1551=[I15,I51]
S1221=[S12, S21 (S12+S15) S12+S21]
S2332=[S23, S32 (S23+S21) S23+S32]
S3443=[S34, S43 (S34+S32) S34+S43]
S4554=[S45, S54 (S45+S43) S45+S54]
S1551=[S15, S51 (S15+S12) S15+S51]
iter =1
V2 =0.364484086771750 - 0.401118748970783i
DV2 =-0.635515913228250 - 0.401118748970783i
V3 =0.348683825314291 - 0.413024712835361i
DV3 =-0.651316174685709 - 0.413024712835361i
V4 =0.445361489622795 - 0.442471913521036i
DV4 =-0.554638510377205 - 0.442471913521036i
Q5 =1.322858886263335
Vc5 =1.016191055664830 - 0.061653485030764i
V5 =1.038170914533614 - 0.061653485030764i
DV5 =-0.001829085466386 - 0.061653485030764i
iter =2
V2 =-0.742584214180443 + 0.142008237708993i
DV2 =-1.107068300952193 + 0.543126986679777i
V3 =-0.904613898114645 + 0.076987351472522i
DV3 =-1.253297723428936 + 0.490012064307883i
V4 =-0.757179856307195 - 0.185651668424502i
DV4 =-1.202541345929990 + 0.256820245096533i
Q5 =6.289877542919883
Vc5 =0.972570737048334 - 0.205507751187541i
V5 =1.019493287963113 - 0.205507751187541i
DV5 =-0.018677626570501 - 0.143854266156777i
iter =3
V2 =0.795481082112989 + 0.406809645760586i
DV2 =1.538065296293432 + 0.264801408051593i
V3 =0.293030639370879 + 0.445519801262318i
DV3 =1.197644537485523 + 0.368532449789796i
V4 =-0.009375232885680 + 0.491669044550710i
DV4 =0.747804623421515 + 0.677320712975212i
Q5 =5.669282865047878
Vc5 =1.165240735262343 + 0.023163325985962i
V5 =1.039742016237330 + 0.023163325985962i
DV5 =0.020248728274217 + 0.228671077173504i
iter = 4
V2 =0.135654396292978 - 0.458428608594210i
DV2 =-0.659826685820011 - 0.865238254354796i
V3 =0.208913220607559 - 0.768000683299319i
DV3 =-0.084117418763320 - 1.213520484561638i
V4 =0.571528202133325 - 0.593269517031820i
DV4 =0.580903435019006 - 1.084938561582530i
Q5 =0.551243880585595
Vc5 =1.000353764554807 - 0.086008417360239i
V5 =1.036437432816466 - 0.086008417360239i
DV5 =-0.003304583420864 - 0.109171743346201i
iter = 5
V2 =-0.661918927543463 + 0.602071609059017i
DV2 =-0.797573323836441 + 1.060500217653227i
V3 =-0.586826596546300 + 0.222394736426278i
DV3 =-0.795739817153858 + 0.990395419725597i
V4 =-0.413235193539741 - 0.168475729011631i
DV4 =-0.984763395673066 + 0.424793788020189i
Q5 =5.115324750778895
Vc5 =1.003307761695989 - 0.154360587936050i
V5 =1.028480825728918 - 0.154360587936050i
DV5 =-0.007956607087548 - 0.068352170575812i
iter =6
V2 =0.884146625315197 - 0.022881332835452i
DV2 =1.546065552858660 - 0.624952941894469i
V3 =0.753643528373400 + 0.247062721676694i
DV3 =1.340470124919699 + 0.024667985250417i
V4 =0.449969430172926 + 0.696742418605005i
DV4 =0.863204623712667 + 0.865218147616636i
Q5 =4.346322533696647
Vc5 =1.231384493353549 + 0.202077863674621i
V5 =1.020178678963985 + 0.202077863674621i
DV5 =-0.008302146764933 + 0.356438451610671i
iter =7
V2 =0.115723022344949 - 0.281836721233991i
DV2 =-0.768423602970248 - 0.258955388398540i
V3 =0.119929998032288 - 0.410934561371952i
DV3 =-0.633713530341111 - 0.657997283048646i
V4 =0.365744973275573 - 0.247973250211803i
DV4 =-0.084224456897353 - 0.944715668816808i
Q5 =1.761248054691949
Vc5 =0.990708328081360 + 0.033412909715324i
V5 =1.039463119819244 + 0.033412909715324i
DV5 =0.019284440855259 - 0.168664953959297i