Anushka Vakil

APUSH
8/15/16
Chapter 2
The Planting of English America
1. Englands Imperial Stirrings
a. In 1500 England had little interest in expanding its colonies
b. in 1558 Protestant England got into conflict with Catholic Spain
c. Much of the battle took place in Ireland
i. Ireland asked Spain for help but were still defeated miserably
ii. Started religious conflict that still exists to this day
2. Elizabeth Energizes England
a. Elizabeth supported merchants to spread Protestantism and raid from Spanish
boats
i. Sir Francis Drake brought profits to Queen Elizabeth
ii. Sir Walter Raleigh tried to start a colony in Roanoke but failed
b. English had many failures at colonization
c. Phillip II of Spain amassed an Armada for an invasion of England in 1588
i. England had better ships
ii. Defeated the Armada and scattered Spanish fleet
iii. Beginning of Spanish decline
iv. Gave England confidence and strength to expand
3. England on the Eve of Empire
a. Booming population
b. Landlords were taking land from farmers
i. Peasants became homeless and wandered around England
c. Wealthy younger sons set up joint-stock companies since only older sons inherited
land
d. Population boom provided workers, unemployment provided incentive, and jointstock companies provided the money
4. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling
a. 1606 Virginia Company of London received permission from King James I to
set up a colony in New England
i. Wanted gold
ii. Needed to find a passage through America to Indies
iii. Initially used to get rich quickly
iv. Colonists had the same rights as Englishmen
b. Colonists wasted time searching for gold instead of hunting
c. Captain John Smith took over in 1608 and made people collect food
d. Pocahontas acted as an intermediary between Indians and English
e. 1200/8000 settlers survived
5. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
a. Chief Powhatan dominated all Indians in the James River region
b. Relationships were tense as English stole Indian food supplies

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c. De La Warr raided Indian camps and started the Anglo-Powhatan war

d. War ended in 1614 with the marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe
e. 1622 Indians struck back and left 347 settlers dead
i. English retaliated and called for a perpetual war
f. 1644 Second Anglo-Powhatan War
i. Indians lost
ii. Chesapeake Indians were banished from the region
iii. 1685 Powhatan people were extinct
g. Indians were victims of disease, disorganization, and disposability
i. Vulnerable to European diseases
ii. Lacked the unity to defend themselves
iii. Provided no benefits to the Europeans
The Indians New World
a. European colonization massively disrupted Native American life
i. Horses allowed Indians to travel into the Great Plains
ii. Disease wiped out much of the population and forced them to develop new
cultures
iii. Trade, especially guns, led to increased violence
Virginia: Child of Tobacco
a. John Rolfe began the tobacco industry
i. Perfected the crop by 1612
ii. Europeans had a massive demand for tobacco
b. Tobacco had many problems
i. Disastrous to soil when planted in succession
ii. Made Virginia reliant on a single crop
iii. Plantations demanded cheap labor
c. In 1619 slaves arrived in Jamestown
d. In 1619 London Company allowed settlers to set up an assembly known as the
house of Burgess
e. 1624 Virginia became a royal colony
Maryland: Catholic Haven
a. Founded in 1634 by the Catholic Lord Baltimore
i. Wanted refuge from England
b. Like England, Maryland was a tobacco state
i. Used indentured servants in its early days but then transferred to slavery
c. Maryland supported the Act of Toleration, which was passed in 1649
i. Refuge for all Christians
ii. Death penalty for those that did not believe in Jesus
The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America
a. Spain weakened and relaxed its grip on the Caribbean by the 1600s
b. England moved in and secured Jamaica by 1655
c. Sugar was a capital-intensive business and only the wealthy could afford to
produce it
d. Farmers imported millions of slaves and the area has remained predominantly
black
e. Barbados Slave Code of 1661gave masters all control of their slaves

f. Sugar had numerous effects in the West Indies

i. Depended on North America for goods
ii. Smaller farmers moved further south
10. Colonizing the Carolinas
a. English settlers from Barbados arrived in Carolina
b. Brought African slaves and Barbados code
c. England had unrest during the 1640s
d. Carolina was created in 1670 after the restoration period
i. Vigorous Indian slave trade
ii. Savannah Indians were gone by 1710
e. Rice became the major crop grown
i. African slaves who were experienced in rice cultivation then arrived
f. Spaniards in Florida resented the Protestants and there was often war
11. The Emergence of North Carolina
a. Landless peasants escaped Virginia and settled in the northern portion of Carolina
i. Irreligious
ii. Hospitable to pirates
iii. Resistance to authority
iv. Overall bad reputation
b. North Carolina eventually seceded in 1712
c. North Carolina and Rhode Island were the most democratic, independent-minded,
and lease aristocratic of the colonies
d. All of Carolina had bloody relations with Indians
e. 1711 war broke out between North Carolinians and the Tuscarora Indians
f. 1715 war broke out with the Yamasee
g. By 1720 nearly all southern coastal Indian tribes had been eliminated
12. Late-Coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony
a. Formally founded in 1733
b. Last of the colonies
c. Intended to be a buffer state
i. Protect the Carolinians from against Spaniards from Florida
ii. French from Louisiana
d. Received subsidies from England to protect
e. Haven for debtors
f. Christian worshippers, except Catholics, enjoyed religious freedom
g. Plantation economy was slow to develop
i. Restrictions on slavery
ii. Bad climate
iii. Spanish attacks
13. The Plantation Colonies
a. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
b. All shared similarities
i. Devoted to exporting rice and tobacco
ii. Slavery
iii. Aristocratic atmosphere
iv. Churches and schools were expensive to build

v. Some religious toleration

vi. Expansonistic