Contest Number 5 iiveuturhue sonics eas de Name Teacher Grade Level _ Score ‘Time Limit: 30 minutes [NEXT CONTEST: APR. 10, 2007 5-1, It can be proved that there is only one postive integer» for which both » and +2 are prime. What is this unique value of ni? 5.2. If the lengths of the sides of a right triangle are the ‘square roots of three consec- utive integers, what is the ‘sum of those three integers? 5.3. Ife,b,and care eal numbers, what's the only value ofa for which the ‘graphs of y = ax + band x= ay + care perpendicular to each other? 54. The vertices of the shaded triangle are mid- points of three ofthe six segments into which the medians of a large triangle are divided by ‘their common point of intersection, as shown. Ifthe area of the shaded triangle is 1, what is the area of the large triangle? loggt _ logy 55. What are both values of x which satisty ins? 5.6, Whatare allordered pairs ofinteges (2), with << < for which (@2007 2007 = YET? NEW JERSEY MATHEMATICS LEAGUE PO. Box 17, Tenafly, New Jersey 07670.0017 All official participants must take this contest at the same time. March 6, 2007 Anstoer Column 5a, 52. 53, 56. Pastis alpadcninn Onin g OSM T IAA Gra) ORT AA AD ema ap eaOR OLA, 4 Sate aval 9125 cach ome S189 Canaan om Mth Law Pre, PO. Ba (© 2007 by Mathematics Leagues ne Vii oe Web sie ot worn mahleogue comContest # 5 Problem 5-1 Lat integer pais of he form (9242) 0 gee: (13) G6), Gt), 4.18), 6.20), (6.38), (730), Snee 1# NOT a pring the value ofm [sores Well prove that (3,11) is the only pair of prime. [fn > 3 se a mukiple of 3, then, for some teegerk > I ethern = 3k+1 orn = 3k2, Since Toth (k1)E+2 = 9424643 and het 2) 442 = 92+ 13L+6 are multiples of 3, nether a prime Caly form = 3 is n242 a pie] Problem 5-2 Method I: The square roots are the lengths of the sides of a right triangle, so the sum ofthe squares of the shorter lengths must equal the square ofthe lo st length. The squares of the squate roots are the consecutive inegers themselves, so, for thee three consecutive integers, the sum of the two smallest i ‘equal to the largest. The only such tiple of consecu- tive integer is 1,2, 3. Thee sum is 14243, Method Us (Ve)? + (VEeT)? = (Vez)? Square, simplify, and solve, to get x = 1. The sum i 6. Problem 5-3 Ika #0, then the slopes, a and 4, cannot havea pect of 1, s the ies cannot be perpendicular Tha = [Othe graphs ace horsontl and vert ines. Problem 5-4 Aline segment connecting the 2y rldpointsoftwosides ofatian- — 2¥/ eis parallel tothe third side 2y snd half a ong asthe tic side, Their corresponding sides ate 2x, pale, so the shaded erangle {nd the original esangle are sim- ‘Coens wre aed some by Seven R. Conrad & Denil Pegler Answers & Solutions 3/6/07 Ic Sc the mo ofr es he eof he Tao of delat of connpouding ie flows eer that $= (1)P= dea Le Problem 5-5 ‘Use the “chs of base” theorem: Ic ae ete Phang of base theoen lon = FE Thre diferent es ae und Lets une = 2 athe rs bse fr al the lgatims, The naw equation Team!) Test 005 419 gry Tog; Telonge 7 “WousB) og, SPNtINgs es = A(2+loe eect Trloggt ~ 3ehotogpa: me let = las thes we Fh = HB weg = (neg = OF loggx = 1, then x = 2. Ife = logyx = ~4 then = 1/16. The values of x ce Problem 5-6 (20072) (20008) = 20004 +8, so we must find hen rail Integer solutions to L+2= L,withO 9and b > 9, Leta = 94x and let b = 9443, where x andy are postive integers with 0 < x <5. After substituting, clear che resulting equation of factions to get) = 81. Fnaly, (cy) = (181), 6.27), «0 (ab) = (10,90), (12,3) 72007 by Mehemcs Legos I