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DRAINAGE DESIGN
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DRAINAGE DESIGN
Submission Requirements
ALL DRAWINGS MUST BE DONE USING AutoCAD
No. Description
Submission Marking
Date
(%)
24-Mar-15
Lecturer
Module
Dr.Ramani Project
10/10/2016
Location of
settlements
Intensity of
the rainfall
Storm duration
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The STORM RETURN PERIOD is derived from a statistical analysis of many years
rainfall data. It is a measure of the frequency with which storms occur.
A 1 in 2 year return period describes the most intense storm that is
likely to occur once every 2 years.
A 1 in 10 year return period describes the most intense storm that is
likely to occur once every 10 years.
In the UK intense storms are quite rare event. This implies that the longer the return
period the more intense the storm is likely to be.
If we design a drainage system for a 1 in 2 year return period we are
likely to get a storm every 3 to 4 years that the drains cannot cope
with. So the system floods.
If we design a drainage system for a 1 in 10 year return period we are
likely to get a flood every 15 to 20 years.
Designs based on low return periods will flood more frequently than those based on
long return periods.
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These tables show the intensity of rainfall that falls during storms that vary in
length from 2 to 120 minutes for return periods of 1 and 2 years.
The costs of construction must be balanced against the economic and social
costs of flooding.
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5.11
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Ks
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Run Off
Peak Runoff
Rural
versus
Urban
Urban Drainage
Systems
5.18
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Run Off
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Drainage design
We require an estimate of the amount of water to be drained away. This is called the
flow rate (Q).
The following is assumed:
Water that falls onto unpaved (permeable) areas soaks into the ground
Water that falls onto paved (impermeable) areas flows into the drain
We only have to work the flow rate (Q) out for the impermeable areas:
Q = 2.78 A I
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Drainage design
Route a sewer pipe
network that passes
through all the catchment
areas.
Annotate the network so
that you can reference each
individual section of pipe
AND each catchment area.
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.0
Drainage design
This site is split into 5 catchment areas.
Work out the area of the impermeable
surfaces (Paved and roofed areas).
This is normally done in Hectares.
(1 Hectare = 10000m2)
Compute the run-off flow rate (Q) from each
of these catchment areas.
Q = 2.78Ai
Where:
A = Impermeable area in catchment segment
i = Rainfall intensity for specified storm
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Drainage design
We need to evaluate the data shown in the following
table for each pipe run within the network.
Most of this table will become self explanatory when the values
are entered, but the term Te will need further explanation.
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Drainage design
Compute gradient of ground between the MHs at either end of the pipe using the
finished Ground Levels and the Length
Drainage design
We already know the values shown
here. Assume Cast iron pipe, so Ks= 1.5
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Drainage design
Pipe Diameter
Velocity of flow
Discharge rate
Gradient of pipe
Drainage design
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Drainage design
Tc, Time of concentration.
Time it takes for water to flow to outlet point
of pipe after entering catchment area.
Tc = Te + Tf
Tf, Time of flow.
Time it takes for water to flow
through pipe.
Tf = Pipe length / Velocity
Rainfall intensity.
Related to return period and
duration of storm.
Dependant on local climatic
conditions and acceptability of
flood risk.
Obtained from rainfall intensity
charts.
Pipe capacity.
Related to pipe
diameter and
gradient.
Obtained from
Hydraulic Design
Charts
Runoff (Q).
Q = 2.78 x P x A x i.
A = Impermeable area
I = Rainfall intensity
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Pipe Diameter
Velocity of flow
Discharge rate
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Cumulative catchment
area = 0.4 + 0.35 = 0.75
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