Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4, 2014
ABSTRACT
Large quantities of agricultural waste are generated daily, and their safe disposal raised much global concern.
The popular trends in the stabilization or modification of construction materials, especially soil, have resulted
in innovative techniques of utilizing the solid waste materials. This paper presents an experimental
investigation into the use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as filler to replace Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP). Results of preliminary tests on RAP showed that its properties for
pavement mix design were below the standard specification for road works. For correction, RAP was
reconstituted with fresh aggregate. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) was used as partial replacement for Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC). Marshall stability tests were performed on various mixes to investigate the pavement
performance indices of the blended materials. The most effective combination of mix constituents that meets
all design requirements was 70% RAP, 27% fresh aggregate and 3% mineral filler. An optimum value of 25%
RHA filler replacement for OPC was obtained. Indirect tensile strength test results indicated that the use of
RHA as filler contributes more to crack resistance of recycled asphalt pavement than OPC filler.
KEYWORDS: Rice husk, Reclaimed asphalt, Filler, Aggregate, Bitumen.
INTRODUCTION
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Recycling of Reclaimed
Jaafar Abubakar Sadeeq, Jibrin Mohammed Kaura, Ochepo Joshua and Ahmad Rabilu
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Methods
Sieve Analysis of the Aggregates
A representative sample of Reclaimed Asphalt
Pavement (RAP) and fresh coarse aggregates was first
subjected to particle size distribution tests in
accordance with (FMWH, 1997; ASTM C136).
Asphalt Binder
60/70 grade cutback bitumen was used as binder.
To obtain complete blending between the residual
bitumen in the RAP and the virgin bitumen, high
temperature blending chart shown in Fig. 1 was used
(Imad et al., 2009).
.
Figure (1): High Temperature Blending Chart
(Imad et al., 2009)
Marshal Mix Design
The first step in the utilization of RAP is the
determination of appropriate mix design strategy for
the various constituent materials. The objective of the
mix design is to determine an economical blend
through several trial mixes. The gradation of aggregate
and the corresponding binder content should be such
that the resultant mix should satisfy the following
conditions (Shiva et al., 2012):
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Recycling of Reclaimed
Jaafar Abubakar Sadeeq, Jibrin Mohammed Kaura, Ochepo Joshua and Ahmad Rabilu
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Penetration at
250C (1/10
mm)
Softening
Point, oC
Specific
gravity
Ductility, cm
Test
Method
Obtained
Result
ASTM
D5
67
Standard
Value
(ASTM)
60-70
ASTM
D36
ASTM
D70
ASTM
D113
47.30
4.52
1.03
1.03-1.06
102
Min. 100
Stability (kN)
10.00
9.50
0%RHA
9.00
25%RHA
8.50
50%RHA
75%RHA
8.00
100%RHA
7.50
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0
Bitumen Content (%)
Figure (4): Stabilty against Binder Content
Flow
Fig. 5 shows the plots of flow against bitumen
content. It is clear from the results that increasing the
bitumen content leads to a linear increase in the flow
values.The plots for 25%-75% RHA replacement of
OPC give similar flow values as the control mix.
However, for the mix with 100% RHA, the flow value
is higher. For all the five considered mixes and at all
values of bitumen contents, the flow values are within
the standatd limit of 2-4 mm specified by Asphalt
Institute.
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Recycling of Reclaimed
Jaafar Abubakar Sadeeq, Jibrin Mohammed Kaura, Ochepo Joshua and Ahmad Rabilu
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Recycling of Reclaimed
Jaafar Abubakar Sadeeq, Jibrin Mohammed Kaura, Ochepo Joshua and Ahmad Rabilu
CONCLUSIONS
This paper presents a laboratory-based study that
was conducted to evaluate the performance of
Reconstituted Reclaimed Asphaltic Concrete mix
design with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as filler and to
establish the best possible combination of RAP, Fresh
Aggregate and RHA/OPC that meets the standard
specifications for hot-mix asphalt design. The
following conclusions were made as the outcome of the
study:
a. Scarified Asphalt Pavement generated as waste
during road rehabilitation can be reused to provide
good results. In this research, the use of RAP alone
REFERENCES
Abarshi, M.D. (1988). Use of Billet Scales as Filler in
Asphaltic Concrete. MSc Thesis Submitted to the
Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello
University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Ahmed, H. Y., Othman, A. M., and Mahmoud, A. A.
(2006). Effect of Using Waste Cement Dust As a
Mineral Filler on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Mix
Asphalt". Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res., 9 (1).
Asphalt Institute. Mix Design Methods for Asphalt
Concrete and Other Hot Mix Types". 6th Edition.
Manual Series No. 2 (MS-2). The Asphalt Institute,
Lexington, KY.
ASTM C 136. Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of
Fine and Coarse Agggregate. American Society for
Testing and Material. Philadelphia, PA.
ASTM D113. Standard Test Method for Ductility of
Bituminous Materials. Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, USA.
ASTM D36. Standard Test Method for Softening Point of
Bitumen, (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus). Annual Book of
ASTM Standards, USA.
ASTM D5. Standard Test Method for Penetration of
Bituminous Materials. Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, USA.
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