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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
Material transport means providing the right amount of right
material in the right condition, at the right place, at the right time, in right
position and for right cost, by using right method. It is simply picking up,
moving, and lying down materials through manufacture. It applies to the
movement of raw materials, parts in process, finished goods, packing
materials, and disposal of scrape in general hundreds and thousands tones
of materials are transport daily requiring the use of large amount of man
power while the movement of material takes from one processing area to
another or from one department to another department of the plant the
cost of material transport contributes significantly to the total cost of
manufacturing.
A properly designed and integrated material transport system
provides tremendous cost saving opportunities and customer service
improvement potential.
1.2
Objectives:
The primary objective of a material transport system is to reduce th
2.
3.
4.
5.
Promote productivity.
1.3
2. THEORY
2.1
2.2
Types of links:
2.2.1. Rigid link: A rigid link is one which does not undergo any
deformation while transmitting motion. Strictly speaking, rigid links do
not exist. However, as the deformation of a connecting rod, crank etc. of
a reciprocating steam engine is not appreciable; they can be considered as
rigid links.
2.3
Properties of machine:
Work.
2.4
Kinematic pair:
The two links or elements of a machine, when in contact with each
other, are said to form a pair. If the relative motion between them is
completely or successfully constrained (i.e. in a definite direction), the
pair is known as kinematic pair.
2.5
2.6
Inversion of Mechanism:
We have already discussed that when one of links is fixed in a
2.6
four lower pairs, each pair being a sliding pair or a turning pair. The
following three types of kinematic chains with four lowerpairs are
important from the subject point of view
1. Four bar chain or quadric cyclic chain,
2. Single slider crank chain, and
3. Double slider crank chain.
2.6.1 Four Bar Chain or Quadric Cycle Chain:
The simplest and the basic kinematic chain is a four bar chain or
quadric cycle chain, as shown in Fig. 5.18. It consists of four links, each
of them forms a turning pair at A, B, C and D. The four links may be of
different lengths. According to Grashof s law for a four bar mechanism,
the sum of the shortest and longest link lengths should not be greater than
the sum of the remaining two link lengths if there is to be continuous
relative motion between the two links.
2.7
a) ARRANGEMENT : 1
b) ARRANGEMENT : 2
This two hanger links are gives the sliding movement to the DC link
and this hanger liks are equal and parelle to each other
c) ARRANGEMENT: 3
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d) ARRANGEMENT : 4
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2.8
STAGE:1
When crank link EO1 rotates from the centre O1 the links AD and
BC in paralellogram moves horizantally in forward and backward
direction, which results in the movement of Main Frame body. The four
stage explanation is given below.
STAGE: 2
When EO1 link rotates in clockwise direction the main frame body is
lifted upto the object(Box).
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Further rotation of link EO1 moves the main frame body to the left
as well as the object. The scale shows the displacement of the Object.
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When the link EO1 completes a single revolution the main frame
body completes a cycle and remains in its starting place.
The main frame body cyclic movemnt per one revolution of the
Link EO1.
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3. MATERIALS USED
1.1 Introduction
The knowledge of materials and their properties is of great
significance for a design engineer. The machine elements should be made
of such a material which has properties suitable for the conditions of
operation. In addition to this, a design engineer must be familiar with the
effects which the manufacturing processes and heat treatment have on the
properties of the materials. In this chapter, we shall discuss the commonly
used engineering materials and their properties in Machine Design.
Based on the Knowledge we select the two materials for making of
Machine. There are given below:
1.
MS SHEET
2.
WOOD
The addition of carbon does make mild steel stronger and stiffer
The average industry grade mild steel density is 7.85 gm/cm3 and
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3.2
stone. Despite its complex chemical nature, wood has excellent properties
which lend themselves to human use.
It is readily and economically available; easily machinable; amenable to
fabrication into an infinite variety of sizes and shapes using simple onsite building techniques;
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TOOLS USED
other
power source.
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4.1.2 Mallet:
Mallet is a short handled wooden hammer with a large head. It is used
to strike a chisel for heavy cutting waste wood, from joints such as
mortises and halving joints and also for removing unwanted, wood on
shaped work etc. Mallet is frequently also used to tap parts of a project
together during the assembly process.
4.1.3 Chisel:
An
assortment
of chisels should
be
part
of
every
workbench. Chisels are not just for wood carvers. Any woodworker will
need chisels to clean out joints and saw cuts. Look for chisels made of
high-alloy carbon steel or chromium-vanadium alloyed steel. Hardwood
grips are best, especially if they have metal caps on them.
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4.2.1 Anvil:
An anvil is a basic tool, a block with a hard surface on which
another object is struck. The block is as massive as is practical, because
the higher the inertia of the anvil, the more efficiently it causes the energy
of the striking tool to be transferred to the work piece.
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4.2.5 Spanner:
A wrench (also called a spanner) is a tool used to provide grip
and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objectsusually
rotary fasteners, such as nuts and boltsor keep them from turning.
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5.1
Introduction:
The subject Machine Design is the creation of new and better
machines and improving the existing ones. Anew or better machine is one
which is more economical in the overall cost of production and operation.
The process of design is a long and time consuming one. From the study
of existing ideas, a new idea has to be conceived. The idea is then studied
keeping in mind its commercial success and given shape and form in the
form of drawings. In the preparation of these drawings, care must be
taken of the availability of resources in money, in men and in materials
required for the successful completion of the new idea into an actual
reality. In designing a machine component, it is necessary to have a good
knowledge of many subjects such as Mathematics, Engineering
Mechanics, Strength of Materials, Theory of Machines, Workshop
Processes and Engineering Drawing.
5.2
5.3
computer softwares like Auto CAD and Unigraphics. There are several
parts in the design of machine. They are
1.
2.
Turning link:
3.
Sliding Link:
This sliding is help to slide the main body frame as the result main
body frame moves forward and backward directions.
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4.
Hanger Links:
Note:Quantity-2
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Two hangers that are connected from the wooden frame to the
Turning link and Sliding linkgive the support to the main body frame.
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5.
Crank:
Design of Crank:
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6.
Connecting Lever:
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7.
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5.4
Raw Material
Note: Quantity-2
Finished Material
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Raw Material
Note: Quantity-2
Finished Material
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3. Supporting Pillars:
a) Supporting Pillar-1
b) Supporting Pillar-2
a) Supporting Pillar-1:
Raw Material
Note: Quantity-2
Design of Pillar-1:
Finished Material
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b) Supporting Pillar-2:
Raw Material
Note: Quantity-2
Design of Pillar-2:
Finished Material
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Raw Material
Design:
Finished Material
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5.5
Design of Pulleys:
The pulleys are used to transmit power from one shaft to another
by means of belts, V-belts or ropes. Since the velocity ratio is the inverse
ratio of the diameters of driving and driven pulleys, therefore the pulley
diameters should be carefully selected in order to have a desired velocity
ratio. The pulleys must be in perfect alignment in order to allow the belt
to travel in a line normal to the pulleyfaces.
The pulleys may be made of cast iron, cast steel or pressed steel,
wood and paper.
5.6
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6. ASSEMBLING
6.1
Introduction
Many assemblies such as an automobile, lathe, etc., are assembled
6.1.1
Step: 1
Step:2
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Step: 3
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Step: 4
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Step: 5
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This are below components (Rivets, Washers and Bush) was used
to make a complete Sub-assembling of Metal Body Frame.
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6.2
Wood Frame 2:
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6.3
6.4
7. FASTENINGS USED
7.1 Introduction
The fundamental operation in manufacture is the creation of shape this includes assembly, where a number of components are fastened or
joined together either permanently by welding for example or detachably
by screws, nuts and bolts and so on.
1. Rivets
2. Bolts and Nuts
7.2.1 Rivets:
The rivets are used to make permanent fastening between the
Plates such as in structural work, ship building, bridges, tanks and Boiler
shells. The riveted joints are widely used for joining light metals.
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8. POWER TRANSMISSION
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8.1 Introduction
We have completed the assembling so we need to give the power to
the crank shaft with the help of motor. In order to transmit the power
from the motor to crank shaft we use the pulleys and belt.
We have a motor which has 570rpm speed this is a huge speed to our
requirement so in order to reduce the speed of motor we use the
COMPOUND BELT DRIVE PULLY METHOD .Which gives the low
r.p.m to the crank shaft.
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D2, d3, d4, and N2, N3, N4= Corresponding values for pulleys 2, 3 and 4.
We know that velocity ratio of pulleys 1 and 2,
..................... (i)
Similarly, velocity ratio of pulleys 3 and 4,
..... (ii)
Multiplying equations (i) and(ii),
8.4
= 570 r.p.m
= 16mm
=25mm
=60mm
=100mm
We know that
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60
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=100mm
=25mm
=192 mm
We know that
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=60mm
= 16 mm
=90 mm
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9. CONCLUSION
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10. REFERANCES
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