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Flapping Wing
Brett G. Compton
bgcomp2@uky.edu
J. M. McDonough
jmmcd@uky.edu
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Previous Work
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Our Approach
We use a quasi-unsteady
approach. Transient
calculations are made at
various virtual wing
orientations throughout the
half-stroke.
The wing remains fixed and input
conditions are changed to account
for wing rotation.
A linear velocity profile along the
span is employed to mimic
flapping about the base of the
wing.
The time steps are chosen such
that between each virtual wing
orientation realistic physical time
passes. No steady-state
calculations are made.
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Step 2
Or
Step 1
Step 2
U
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Advantages
Simplicity
Accessible Software
Transient Calculations
at Variable Flight
Regimes
Laminar/Turbulence
Comparison
Disadvantages
Limiting Grid Setup
Not Quite Realistic
Rotational Acceleration
not accounted for
Ground Effects
Inherent in Model
Virtual Mass not
accounted for
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Problem Setup
Approximate Bumblebee
Kinematics (Dudley and
Ellington, J. Exp. Biol. 1990a,b)
R = 1.4 cm
c = 0.4 cm
wing thickness = 0.01 cm
AR = 7
n = 150 Hz
= 2 rad (115)
m = 35
Ut = 2nR = 8.4 m/s
Re = cUt/ = 2333
Grid
Cubic domain 7.5 chord
lengths per side
~350,000 grid points
Wing placed 17 grid points
and chord lengths from
velocity inlet
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cd-LES
cl-laminar
cl-LES
force coefficient
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
fraction of half-stroke
0.7
0.8
0.9
Cl,avg,lam: 0.593
Cl,avg,LES: 0.618
Fl,avg,lam: 0.00296 N
Fl,avg,LES: 0.00309 N
Cd,avg,lam: 0.492
Cd,avg,LES: 0.495
Fd,avg,lam: 0.00246 N
Fd,avg,LES: 0.00248 N
Average Bee weight:
0.001717 N
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Results Quasi-Steady?
In our model the
Lift and Drag
forces do not
stabilize quickly
enough for the
quasi-steady
model to be
accurate.
force coefficients
= 44.27
= 39.19
= 35.82
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
fraction of half-stroke
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Conclusions
The spiral leading edge vortex was successfully
replicated with this highly simplified model and the
force coefficient time series roughly resemble
results from previous experiments, however
A better model is needed. The next step is to use a
research code that will allow more flexibility in the
problem setup, as well as allow imbedded boundary
treatment on the wing.
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