-

in nouns

Modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of the active element (denoting the
end of the noun changes according to the position of the word in the sentence). [

non-modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of the active element
(denoting the end of the) word assumes one eternal/unchangeable form. [

In respect to nouns, all are

except the following:

i.e. taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:

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i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic Grammar:

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The

in three areas within

which are not present/clear, but are therefore

assumed/hypothetical. [

An

where the last letter is an

, i.e.
]

[.

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An

where the last letter is a

and the letter before it is

, i.e.
]

[.

Note the condition of the

without the

1
1
3

An

where the

of the last letter is the

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, and the letter before it is

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Any

which follows completely the

of what has just preceded it. Of this there are 4 types:

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in verbs.
and
and

13

are both

then it becomes

is

i.e.

(from

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unless it has
).

14

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11

For

i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic Grammar:

there are 3; taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:

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The

here is not present/clear, but is therefore assumed/hypothetical.

following

It is being
written

11

in

formats in substitute of the

He is
writing

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It was written

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He wrote

In

, the
-

If the

is always dropped and the

is
is a

takes its place and becomes

despite the transformation of

to

. This is because

is

, apply same (harakah changes) rules as above, and simply change the

i.e.

17

with necessary harakah changes.

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.
, to its equivalent

18

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19

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Expresses the place/time the action of the verb is committed.

1
1
1
1
3

The plural form is

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describes the instrument with which the action of the verb is carried out.

formed by adding

to a noun. Denotes that a person/thing governed is related/connected with the

original noun. If a noun has ending, this must be dropped before adding

If a noun ends in

11

, this is changed to before ending.

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- either/or. Four conditions of usage. Note, the second

13

of the pair is always preceded by :

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- definition indicating a precise noun

- in-definition indicates an indefinite noun -

14

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- both (of), the two -

- That is. Used for

there he is !

- starts with an

- starts with a

11

only

here I am !

- constituted by

- constituted by

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- derived noun indicating action of verb or its behaviour [(he is) writing]
- derived noun indicating element undergoing action of verb -

[written] -

4
1

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If you have 2

17

in a

, then the 1st is a

and the 2nd is a

. If positions change then the

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changes:

- if, whether, when, whenever.

Also used with

embodying a condition. Used mostly with

. It is permissible for the answer to the condition (

must be prefixed by

, transforming in meaning to the future.

) to be

in the following situations:

1
1

(defective)

18

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3
4
1
1
7
8
9


The

19

will not be

if preceded by

. However, the

for it will be

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not;

- he did not eat; he has not eaten

when, at the time when, as

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no! dont!

- dont eat!

until, till, up to, as far as, to

so that, in order that, that, in order to, to, as, with a view, for

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- calling to one who is mourned or to a cause of pain

- one who is mourned, stricken to death.
- to distress, afflict, pain, agonise, torment, make suffer

- the cause of pain, the place where disease and

suffering are located.

pain, ache, suffering, agony, anguish

- to show, present, bring out.

show him your notebook

33

show me your book

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- It is permissable to

for the following

conjugations, so long as it is not followed by sukoon ( ):

perhaps, maybe
to hope (for), wish, to look forward to
fear, fright, worry, anxiety, concern, care

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31

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113
.

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149

Important: These notes cover the Introduction (page 3) upto and including Chapter Sixteen (page 149) of the book
((Lessons in Arabic Grammer for non-speakers)).

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