Class XI - Mathematics Workbook

INEQUALITIE
S, MODULUS
AND
LOGARITHMS
Class 11
Inequalities, Modulus and Logarithms
Mathematics
This booklet given to you is for taking down notes as you watch the
video. Keep filling this sheet as the video proceeds. At the end of this
session, you will have your notes ready.
SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO INEQUALITIES,

INEQUALITIES AND PROPERTIES OF
INEQUALITIES
1. Represent the solutions of the given inequalities in the form as
explained in the video.
a)
x 10
b)
2. After squaring
x 10, x 10
x 2
we get
x2 4
x
c)
1
,x 1
2
x 5, x
d)
1
5
. Find the solution for both the
equations.
Justify why solution is different for both the equations as one is just the
square of other.
x 4 x 2 16
x
3. If
,
and is a natural number. Prove that there are only three
values which satisfy all the given equations simultaneously.
4. Explain what are the zeroes and poles of an algebraic expression of the
form
( x a )( x b)
( x c)( x d )
as explained in the video.
5. Let A and B be the sum of all the zeroes and poles of the expression
( x 0.5)( x 0.5)( x 3)( x 7)

( x 0.3)( x 0.3)(( x 5)( x 5)
Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd.
respectively. Then find the value of
B
A
Class 11
Mathematics
6. Find the solution of the following Inequalities:
( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)( x 4) 0
a)
( x 1)( x 1)( x 2)( x 2) 0
b)
( x 1)( x 1)
0
( x 2)( x 2)
c)
( x 1) 2 ( x 1)
0
( x 2)( x 2) 2
d)
x x 1 x 2 x 3
0
x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4
e)
7. If
a b, b c and d 0
a) Prove that
c a.
, then
b) Find the number of solutions of the equation

8. If
x3
and
y x5
d a c.
, then find the minimum integral value of y.
9. Find the value of x for which the following expressions attain

minimum value:
a)
c)
x2 1
b)
( x 1) 2 3 2 x
( x 2)
( x 5) 2 1
d)
2 ( x 2)2 2
Class 11
Mathematics
10.Find the value of x at which the following expressions attains the

maximum value:
a)
1
1
( x 1) 2
b)
1
1
x x 1
1
1
( x 1) 2
c)
d)
1
1
( x 5)
2
11.If
y.
x x 2 and y 1
, then prove that
xy 0
for all possible values of x and
SUBTOPIC: AM AND GM
1. Define the Arithmetic Mean(AM), Geometric Mean(GM) and Harmonic
Mean(HM) of two numbers a and b.
2. Write the condition on a and b such that AM, GM and HM of a and b
are equal.
3. If

Sin x Cosec x 2 for x 0,
2
x
HM to prove that
, then use the relation between AM, GM and
Class 11
4. If a, b, c are positive and unequal then prove that
Mathematics
bc ac ba
6
a
b
c
SUBTOPIC: MODULUS
42
1. Can you justify why

explained in the video)
x2 x
but
x
(where
is modulus operator as
y x
2. Draw the graph of modulus function
minimum value for the same.
and write the maximum and
3. Hence plot the graphs of following functions, also mention the

range(maximum and minimum value) for the same:
Class 11

y x 3
y x 2 3
y x2 3
a)
b)
Mathematics
is
c)
d)
y x2 3
x 1 x 1
4. Plot the graph of
expression.
and hence write the zero(s) of the given
5. Write the solution(s) of the given Equation/In-equation involving

modulus functions:
x
a)
( x 2 16)
x2 1 x2 1 0
b)
c)
x 5 x 6 x 7 x 12 0
2
x 2 5x 6
x 2 7 x 12
2 y y2 1 0
d)
e)
0
f)
x 1 x x 1 0
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO LOGARITHMS,

FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF LOAGARITHMS AND
LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES
1. What was the reason for defining Logarithmic function?
2. Define the terms y, a, x used in a logarithmic function
y log a x
True/False based on variables involved in above Logarithmic function:

a) x can be any real number.
b) a can be any positive number.
c) a is always a natural number.
d) x is the domain of the function.
3. Draw the graph and also write the domain and range of function
y log a x
for:
a) a>1
Also explain why the graph of Logarithmic function is increasing for
above condition with a suitable example.
b) a<1
Also explain why the graph of Logarithmic function is decreasing for
above condition with a suitable example.
4. Complete the following properties and hence write the proof for the
same as explained in the videos.
a)
b)
Log a 1 __________
Log a a __________
Class 11
c)
Mathematics
Log a (m n) ______ ______
Log a
d)
m
______ ______
n
Log b a
e)
______
______
Log a n m
f)
1
______
n
5. Solve the following problems based on Logarithmic properties:
Log a b Log a
a) Write the value of the expression
Log 10 9 Log10
b) If
c) Prove that
d) Prove that
e) If
1
b
, then find the value of b.
Log 81 64 Log 3 2
Log 3 4 Log 4 3 1
Log a 3 Log b 9
, then prove that
a2
1
b
5. Write the solution(s) of the given Inequations involving Logarithmic

functions:
Log 9 ( x 1) Log 9 ( x 1)
a)
Log 0.9
b)
1
2
1
Log.3 x
2
Class 11
c)
d)
e)
Log 7 Log 0.5 x 5 x 0
1
1
x 1
Log 4 x 3
Log 4
x 2
1
0
x 1
Log 4
x 2
1
Log
f)
Mathematics
Sin
Cosx
1 ( Where x (0,2 ).
Class 11
Mathematics
OPEN SUMMARY
Summarize what you learned from this chapter, after you have
watched all the videos, in your own words. Use any format you want:
points, paragraphs etc.! But ensure that all the concepts covered are
included. Also note down any questions/doubts you have in the chapter.
SETS
Class 11
Sets
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION, SETS AND

REPRESENTATIONS
1. Define Sets. Explain with suitable example.
2. What do you mean by elements of a set?
3. True/false:
a) List of Batsmen who scored exactly one century in world cup
forms a set.
b) List of countries participating in world cup does not forms a set.
c) List of world cup players whose height is more than 6 feet tall
forms a set.
d) List of Bowlers who bowled well in world cup forms a set.
e) List of members of Indian team forms a set.
4. Define the Roster form of representation of a set.
Represent the following sets in roster form.
a) Set of prime numbers less than 20.
b) Set of moths for a calendar year.
c) Set of numbers which are divisible by 3 and less than 20.
d) Solution set of the equation
( x 1)( x 2 5 x 6) 0
e) Set of vowels of English alphabets.

5. Define the Set-builder form of representation of a set.
Represent the following sets in set-builder form.
a) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 .)
b) (1, 4, 9, 16, 25......)
Class 11
Sets
Mathematics
c) (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Punjab ..)

d) (P, R, I, N, C, A, L)
e)
1 1 1 1 1
, , , , , ......
2 4 6 8 10
6. What do you mean by Finite and Infinite Sets? Give at-least one
example of each.
10
Class 11
Sets
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: TYPES OF SETS

1. Define the following terms with at-least one suitable example.
a) Empty Set/Null Setb) Cardinality of a Set:
c) Equal Sets:
d) Equivalent Sets:
e) Subset of a given set:
f) Superset of all the given sets:
g) Power Set of a given set:
h) Universal set:
2. What is the difference between equal and equivalent sets?
Can all pair of equal sets also be classified as equivalent sets or vice
versa? Explain with
suitable example.
3. If Set A= (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9), Set B=(0,1,2,3,4) Set C=(5,6,7,8,9) Set
D(0,1,2,3,4).
True/False for statements based on above sets:
a) Set B and C are equivalent sets but not equal sets.
b) Set B and D are equivalent sets but not equal sets.
c) Cardinality of Set A, B and C is 10, 5 and 5 respectively.
d) Sets B, C and D are the subsets of Set A.
e) Number of elements of Power set of Set B is 16.
f) B is the Super set of set C.
4. If A=(x: x is the positive number divisible by 5 and less than 20) then,
a) Write the cardinality of Set A.
b) Find all the possible subsets of Set A with exactly two elements.
c) Find the power set of A.
11
Class 11
Sets
Mathematics
Representation of Sets using Venn Diagrams

(It is given as Intersection and Disjoint in the video list)
5. Let U=(x: x is the player who played in the world cup),
A=(x: x is the member of Indian team),
B=(x: x is the batsmen of Indian team),
C=(x: x is the member of Australian team) then represent following
using Venn diagram.
( A B)
( A B)
( A B C)
6. Write the condition using which we can say sets A and B are disjoint
sets.
Then prove that Set A=(x: x is a prime number) and Set B=(y: y is a
number divisible by 4) are disjoint sets using Venn Diagram.
7. Decide among the following sets, which sets are the subsets of one and
another.
A ( x : x R and x satisfy x 2 8 x 12 0),

C ( x : x is an even number ),
B 2, 4 , 6,
D 6
12
Class 11
Sets
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: OPERATIONS ON SETS

1. What do you mean by difference of sets? Explain with suitable example.
Also represent the sets (A-B) and (B-A) using Venn diagram.
2. Using Venn diagram prove that for any Set A and Set B
( A B) ( A B)
null set
3. Define Compliment of a given set. Explain using suitable example.

4. Represent the following terms using Venn diagram for Sets A, B and C
with
( A B C) 0
( A B)'
5. Prove that
law)
6. Prove that
law)
( A B )' ( A B)'
,
( A B)' A' B'
( A B)' A' B'
(C ( A B)' ) ( A ( B C ))'
for any Sets A and B. (De Morgans first
for any Sets A and B. (De Morgans second
A ( B C ) ( A B) ( A C )
7. Prove that
Morgans third law)
A ( B C ) ( A B) ( A C )
8. Prove that
Morgans fourth law)
for any Sets A, B and C. (De
for any Sets A, B and C. (De
13
Class 11
Sets
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: VENN DIAGRAM

1. For any three sets A, B and C given that
the following using Venn diagram.
A B A B
//
//
A B B A
A B' A B'
//
//
A B ' B A '
A B C A (B C )
//
//
A B C A (B C )
2. For any three sets A, B and C given that

following using Venn diagram.
A B C '
C A B '
A C B '
C A B '
A B C 0
A B C 0
, then represent
, then represent the
/
/
/
14
Class 11
( A B) C
( A B) C
Sets
Mathematics
/
A B A C
A B A C
/
/
( A B) ( B C ) (C A)
/
OPEN SUMMARY
15
RELATIONS
AND
FUNCTIONS
Class 11
Relations and functions
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO RELATIONS,

CARTESIAN PRODUCTS
1. Why do we have to define the relation between the given set of data?
Is it helpful? Explain with suitable example.
2. What do you mean by an ordered pair?
Can we represent the ordered pair(s) on number line or do we need to
define an extra axis?
3. Define the Cartesian product of Sets.
Then write the Cartesian product

u) and B= (1,2,3).
a.
b.
A B
and
B A
for Sets A= (a, e, i, o,
A B
B A
c. Then prove that
A B B A
4. Is it possible to determine the Cartesian product of three Sets?

Take a suitable example to support your answer.
5. If A=(1,2,3), B=(3,4,5) C=(1,3,5), then write the following sets:
a)
b)
A B B A
A B B A
16
Class 11
Mathematics
6. If n(A) is M, and n(B) is N. Then prove that total number of elements in

Cartesian products of Sets A and B is M*N.
7. If n(A) is 5, n(B) is 10. Then write the number of elements in the
following Cartesian product.
(n(A) represents the cardinality of the given set)
A A A
A B A
B A B
B A B
17
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: RELATIONS
1. Write the definition of relation R from a non-empty set A to non-empty
set B with a suitable example.
2. Define Domain, Co-domain and range as explained in the video.
3. Set A= (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) and Set B =(4, 16, 36, 64, 81),
A ( x, y ) x A, y B :y x 2
Let
relation:
a)
then write the following terms for given
n( A B )
b) Domain of R c) Co-domain of R
d) Range of R 4. Consider the example taken in the video where relation used is y=x+1.
Write the domain, co-domain and range if the relation used is y=x+2.
a) Domain of R b) Co-domain of R
c) Range of R 5. Write the total number of subsets of Set A = (1, 2, 3).
18
Class 11
Mathematics
(Can you tell directly how many total numbers of subsets are
possible? Think about the concept of
power set)
6. If A=(1, 2, 3) B=(a, b) then

Write the Set
( A B)
( A B)
Now use the concept of Power set on

and the definition of
relation, Can you tell total
number of relation(s) which are possible from A to B.
7. Now generalizing the concept used in above question:

If n(A)=p, n(B)=q
a) Prove that number of elements in
( A B)
is pq.
b) Prove that number of relations that can be defined from set A to Set
B is 2pq.
19
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION

OF A FUNCTION
1. Define functions for two non-empty sets A and B.
Also give a simple relation which can be called as function.
2. What do you mean by the following terms in context of a mathematical
Function? Take at-least one example to support your answer.
a) Image and Pre-imageb) Mapping-
3. Let the relation R be defined on A=(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) B=(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,

7) such that
R ( x, y ) : y 2 x 1, x A, y B
. Then write the
DomainCo-domainRange-
Can above relation be classified as a function?
4. Explain the terms and what they represent in the functional equation
y=f(x).
20
Class 11
Mathematics
x-
y-
f()-
Out of two variables x and y in above equation, which of the variable(s)

logically can be classified as Independent or Dependent variable?
5. Examine the following relations given in roster form and state each in
each case, giving reasons whether it can be classified as a function or
not?
a)
b)
c)
d)
R1 (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 6)

R2 (5, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 6)
R3 (1, 7), (3, 8), (4, 9), (2,1)

R4 (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (6,1), (5, 2), (4, 3)
21
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: SOME FUNCTIONS AND THEIR

GRAPHS
1. Define the following functions. Also mention the Domain and Range by
plotting the graph for the same.
a) Identity function:
F(x) =
Domain
Range
Graph of Identity function
b) Constant function:
F(x) =
Domain
Range
Graph of Constant function
22
Class 11
Mathematics
c) Polynomial function:
F(x) =
Domain
Range
Graph of polynomial function
d) Modulus function:
F(x) =
Domain
Range
Graph of Modulus function
e) Rational function:
F(x) =
Domain
Range
f) Signum function:
F(x) =
Domain
Range
Graph of signum function
g) Greatest Integer function:

F(x) =
Domain
Range
Graph of Greatest Integer function
23
Class 11
Mathematics
h) Fractional part of x:
F(x) =
Domain
Range
Graph of Fractional Part of x
i) Exponential function(y=ax, a>1):

F(x) =
Domain
Range
a>1
Graph of Exponential function
j) Exponential function(y=ax, a<1):

F(x) =
Domain
Range
a<1
Graph of Exponential function
k) Logarithmic function(y=logax, a<1):

F(x) =
Domain
Range
a>1
Graph of Logarithmic function
l) Logarithmic function(y=logax, a>1):

F(x) =
Domain
24
Class 11
Mathematics
Range
a<1
Graph of Logarithmic function
SUBTOPIC: ALGEBRA OF REAL FUNCTIONS,

EQUAL OR IDENTICAL FUNCTIONS, ODD AND
EVEN FUNCTIONS
f ( x) 3 x 2 g ( x) x 2 x 1
1. If
, then use the concept explained for algebra
of real valued functions in video write the following functions:
a)
b)
c)
d)
( f g )( x)
( f g )( x)
( f .g )( x)
f
(x )
g
2. What do you mean by equal or identical functions? Support your answer

with suitable example.
f ( x) x 2
g ( x)
x 2 4x 4
x2
3. If
,
, state whether the given two functions
are equal/identical functions.
4. Define Odd and Even function. Give one example for each.
Odd Function:
25
Class 11
Mathematics
Even Function:
5. Categorize the following functions as odd/even/neither odd nor even

functions. Justify your answer for each function.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
f ( x) x 3
f ( x) ( x 1) 3
f ( x) ( x 1) 4
f ( x) e x
f ( x) e x
f ( x) x 6 x 4 x 2
f ( x) x 5 x 3 x
6. If the given function is odd/even, Can we comment about the graphs of

such functions?
hint: graph y=x3 is symmetric with respect to line y=x
7. Find the domain and range of following real valued functions:
a)
f ( x)
26
Class 11
f ( x)
b)
c)
d)
e)
x 1
x 3x 2
2
f ( x) 2e x
f ( x) log 3 ( x 1)
f ( x) x 1
(Where
f)
Mathematics
represents the greatest integer function.)
f ( x) x 1
(Where
represents the function fractional part of x.)
OPEN SUMMARY
27
TRIGONOMET
RIC RATIOS
AND
IDENTITIES
Class 11
Trigonometric ratios and identities
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION
1. Define an angle. Give a suitable example for the same.
Answer the following True/False based on properties on an angle.
a) Angle is measured clockwise deviation from initial line to terminal
line.
b) Angle is measured anticlockwise deviation from terminal line to
initial line.
c) Angle is measured anticlockwise deviation from initial line to
terminal line.
2. Define the Sexagesimal/French system of representation of an angle
and the notation used in it.
Answer the following based on Sexagesimal system of representation:
a) Covert 10o in seconds unit.
b) Convert 1 in degrees unit.
c) Covert 10 in degrees unit.
3. Define the Centesimal/British system of representation of an angle

and the notation used in it.
Answer the following based on Centesimal system of representation.

a) Covert 10g in seconds unit.
b) Convert 1 in grades unit.
c) Covert 10' in grades unit.
4. Define the common/Radian measure system for representation of an
angle and the terms used in it.
28
Class 11
Mathematics
5. Write the following answers based on above systems of representation

of an angle.
a) Convert 100o in radian measure.
b) Convert 100g in radian measure.
c) Convert 100g in degree measure.
d) Write one right angle measured in Sexagesimal, Centesimal and
Radian units.
6. Explain why in a clock, angle rotated by an hour hand is 30 o for one
hour duration.
7. Define all the trigonometric ratios for a right angle triangle with base
angle
as explained in the video.
Is there any unit which can be defined for trigonometric ratios? Explain
with a suitable example.
8. Explain the difference the between an Equation and an Identity.

Support your answer with a suitable example.
9. Prove the following identities for a right angle triangle with base angle
.
a)
Sin 2 Cos 2 1
b)
Sec 2 Tan 2 1
c)
Co sec 2 Cot 2 1
10.Write the answer for the following based on definition and properties of
trigonometric ratios:
a)
b)
Sin Tan Co sec 2
Sec
Sin Cos Tan Sec Co sec Cot
29
Class 11
c) Prove that
d) Prove that
Cos
Sin
2Sec
1 Sin 1 Cos
1 Tan 2 1 Tan
1 Cot 2 1 Cot
for all
(0 o , 90 o )
Mathematics
Tan 2
for all
(0 o , 90 o )
11.Define:
a) Complementary angles:
b) Complementary trigonometric ratios. Also list out all the
complementary pair of trigonometric ratios.
12.Write the answer for the following based on properties of

Complementary trigonometric ratios:
a) Find acute angle A if
Cos3 A Sin ( A 26 o )
b) For an acute angle A if

option:
A)
SinA CosA
Sin A Cos A
B)
Cos( SinA) Sin (CosA)
, then select the correct
Sin A Cos A
SinA 1
C)
D)
c) Write the values of following expression:
1)
Sin 72 o
Cos18 o
2)
Cos36
Sec 15 Cot 15
2
Sin54 o
Sin 10
2
3)
Sin 2 80 o
4)
30
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: STANDARD ANGLES

1. Explain/Derive the trigonometric ratio of Sine for following angles:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Sin0 o
Sin30 o
Sin60 o
Sin45 o
Sin90 o
31
Class 11
Mathematics
2. Write the Trigonometric ratios of mentioned angles to complete the

table.
(Derive the complete table using just the first column and properties of
trigonometric ratios.)
Sine
Cosine
Tangent
Cotangent
Secant
Co-secant
0o
30o
45o
60o
90o
3. You can observe that some of the values in above table are not defined
List the trigonometric ratios which are not defined and also state the
reason why those ratios are not defined.
SUBTOPIC: TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF

ALLIED ANGLES
1. As mentioned in the video: Two perpendicular lines divide the 2-d plane
in four parts.
Why doesnt it say that it divides the plane in four equal parts?
2. Write the Signs of all trigonometric ratios in four quadrants as
mentioned in the video.
Sine
Cosine
Tangent
Cotangent
Secant
Co-secant
I
II
III
32
Class 11
Mathematics
IV
3. Write the signs of the following expressions for mentioned range of

angle
a) If
(180o , 90o )
then
( 90o ,180o )
b) If
___________.
Sin Cos Tan Cot Co sec
Sin Cos Tan Cot Co sec

2
then
is ___________.
is
c) If
4. If
(180o ,270o )
( 0o , 90o )
then
is ___________.
then prove that
Sin ( ) Sin ( )
a)
Sin 3 Cos Tan 3
9
3
2
Cot Co sec Sec
Hence complete the following equations also for other trigonometric ratios.
b)
c)
Cos( )
d)
e)
f)
Co sec( )
Sec ( )
Tan ( )
Cot ( )
5. If
( 0o , 90o )
then prove that
Sin (90 ) Cos( )

o
a)
33
Class 11
Mathematics
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Co sec(90o )
Cos(90o )
Sec(90o )
Tan (90o )
Cot (90 o )
6. If
( 0o , 90o )
then prove that
Sin (90 ) Cos( )

o
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Co sec(90o )
Cos(90o )
Sec(90o )
Tan (90o )
Cot (90 o )
7. If
( 0o , 90o )
then prove that
Sin (180 ) Sin ( )

o
a)
34
Class 11
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Mathematics
Co sec(180 o )
Cos(180 o )
Sec(180 o )
Tan (180 o )
Cot (180 o )
8. If
( 0o , 90o )
then prove that
Sin (180 ) Sin ( )

o
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Co sec(180 o )
Cos(180 o )
Sec(180 o )
Tan (180 o )
Cot (180 o )
9. If
( 0o , 90o )
then prove that
Sin (270 ) Cos( )

o
a)
35
Class 11
b)
c)
Mathematics
Co sec( 270 o )
Cos(270 o )
d)
e)
f)
Sec(270 o )
Tan ( 270 o )
Cot (270 o )
10.If
( 0o , 90o )
then prove that
Sin (270 ) Cos( )

o
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Co sec( 270 o )
Cos(270 o )
Sec(270 o )
Tan ( 270 o )
Cot (270 o )
11.If
( 0o , 90o )
then prove that
Sin (360 ) Cos( )

o
a)
36
Class 11
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Mathematics
Co sec(360 o )
Cos(360 o )
Sec(360 o )
Tan (360 o )
Cot (360 o )
12.Write the value of following expressions based on above properties:

a)
b)
c)
d)
Co sec(145 o )
Sin (315 o )
Sec(225 o ) Cos(240 o )
Cot (145 o ) (210 o )
37
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: GRAPHS
1. What do you mean by Increasing and Decreasing functions?
Sin
Draw and explain the behavior(increasing/decreasing) of graph of
(0o , 360o )
for
True/false (increasing/Decreasing behavior of trigonometric functions).
(90o , 180 o )
Sin
a)
is increasing for
(0o , 90o )
Co sec
b)
is decreasing for
(0o , 90o )
Tan
c)
is increasing for
(90o , 180o )
Cot
d)
is increasing for
(270o , 360o )
Cos
e)
is increasing for
(0o , 90o )
sec
f)
is increasing for
g)
h)
Sin Cos
for
(0o , 90o )
Co sec Sin
(0o , 90o )
for
(0o , 90o )
Sec Cos
i)
for
(0o , 90o )
Tan Cot
j)
for
(0o , 90o )
Sec Sin
k)
for
2. Which one is greater
Sin1o
or
Sin1
Explain the sign of following trigonometric expressions:
Sin1 Cos1
o
a)
38
Class 11
b)
c)
Sin100
Sin10
Cos10 o
Cos100 o
Mathematics
Tan 5 Tan 5
o
d)
e)
Sec10
Sec 110 o
SUBTOPIC: COMPOUND ANGLES

1. Complete the following identities for given angles A and B: (Compound
angles identities)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Sin ( A B)
Sin ( A B)
Cos( A B)
Sin ( A B)
Tan ( A B)
Cot ( A B)
f)
Try to write the proof of one of the above identities.
2. Prove the following identities: (you can use the results of above column)
a)
b)
c)
Sin ( A B C )
Cos( A B C )
Tan ( A B C )
3. Find the value of given the following trigonometric ratios of mentioned

angles:
39
Class 11
Sin (15 o )
Sec(75 o )
a)
Mathematics
Co sec(75 o )
b)
c)
d)
Cot ( )
8
4. If A, B and C represents the angles of a triangle, then prove that
a)
b)
SinA SinB SinC SinA SinB SinB SinC SinA SinC
TanA TanB TanC TanA TanB TanC
(Above are the some of the conditional identities, which you will be
studying in detail in later videos)
SUBTOPIC: MULTIPLE AND SUBMULTIPLE

ANGLES
Sin 2 2 SinCos
1. Prove that
for any real .
Hence complete the following identities.
a)
Sin 2 2SinCos ________________
b)
Cos 2 _______________ ________________ _______________ ___________
40
Class 11
c)
d)
Mathematics
Tan 2 _______________
Cot 2 _______________
( Try to write the proof of some of above identities by using the

hint given in the video)
2. Prove the following identities using the result from the above identities:
a)
b)
c)
Sin3 3Sin 4Sin 3

Cos3 4Cos 3 3Cos
3Tan Tan 3
Tan 3
1 3Tan 2
3. Use the above identities to prove the following identities:

a)
Tan 3 Tan 2 Tan Tan 3 Tan 2 Tan

Cot Tan 2Cot 2
b)
c) Use the identity proved in part (b) to prove that
Tan 2Tan 2 2 2 Tan 2 2 2 3 Tan 2 3 ..........................2 n Tan 2 n Cot
SUBTOPIC: TRANSFORMATIONS
1. Prove the following identities for transformation of Sum of trigonometric
ratios to their Product:
41
Class 11
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mathematics
A B
A B
Cos
2
2
SinA SinB 2 Sin
A B
A B
Cos
2
2
SinA SinB 2 Sin
A B
A B
Cos
2
2
CosA CosB 2Cos
A B
A B
Sin
2
2
CosA CosB ( )2 Sin
2. Write the following identities for transformation of Product of

trigonometric ratios to their Sum.
a)
b)
c)
d)
2SinA CosB ___________________
2CosA SinB ___________________
2SinA SinB ___________________

2CosA CosB ___________________
3. Prove the following Identities:
a)
b)
c)
Cos
y Cos
y 2 Siny
4
Sin 2 x 2 Sin 4 x Sin 6 x 4Cos 2 xSin4 x
Cos8 x Cos6 x Cos4 x

Cot 6 x
Sin8 x Sin 6 x Sin 4 x
42
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: SINE AND COSINE SERIES

1. Write the simplified form for the given Sine series as explained in the
video.
Sin (a ) Sin (a d ) Sin (a 2d ) ........................ Sin (a (n 1)d ___________

Try to give the proof for above equation:
2. Repeat the above process for the given Cosine series also:
Cos( a) Cos(a d ) Cos(a 2d ) ........................ Cos( a (n 1)d ___________

3. Find the value of the given trigonometric expression:
2
4
6
Cos
Cos
Cos
7
7
7
(Try to solve this without using the direct result from the equations
which you proved just now)
43
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: RANGE OF TRIGONOMETRIC

RATIOS
1. Write the maximum value of the following trigonometric expressions:
3Sin ( x )
a)
b)
5Sin ( x )
3
c)
3Sin ( x y )
d)
3Sin 2 x
4Tan x
2
e)
Write the minimum value for the following trigonometric expressions:
5Co sec 2 ( x
3Cos( x)
a)
e)
b)
)
3
c)
3Sin ( x y )
d)
3Sec 2 x
4Cot 2 x
2. Prove that the minimum and maximum value of the trigonometric

expression
aSin ( x ) bCos( x )
is
a2 b2
and
a2 b2
respectively.
Hence write the maximum and minimum value of following

trigonometric ratios:
a)
3Sin ( x) 4Cos( x)
b)
5Sin ( x) 4Cos( x) 3
c)
3Sin 2 ( x) 4Cos 2 ( x)
d)
3Sin 2 (2 x) 4Cos 2 (2 x)
e)
Sin (4 x) Cos( 4 x)
f)
Sin 2 (4 x) Cos 2 (4 x)
44
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: CONDITIONAL IDENTITIES

1. How are conditional identities (like
Tan ( A B C ) TanA TanB TanC
Sin A Cos A 1.
2
different from the identities like
Give one example to
support your answer.

2. If A, B and C represent the angles of a triangle then complete the
following identities relating the trigonometric ratios of angle A, B and C.
Sin 2 A Sin2 B Sin 2C ________________________
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cos 2 A Cos 2 B Cos 2C ________________________
SinA SinB SinC ______________________________
CosA CosB CosC ______________________________

(Try to prove one of the above identities and write the proof below)
e)
f)
TanA TanB TanC _________________________
CotACotB CotBCotC CotACotC ___________________
(Constant)
45
Class 11
Cot
A
B
C
Cot Cot ___________________
2
2
2
Tan
B
C
A
C
B
A
Tan Tan Tan Tan Tan __________________
2
2
2
2
2
2
g)
h)
Mathematics
(Consta
nt)
OPEN SUMMARY
46
TRIGONOMET
RIC
EQUATIONS
Class 11
Trigonometric equations
Mathematics
1. What do you mean by the principal and general solution of an
equation? Explain with a suitable example.
2. How do we choose the principal region for any trigonometric functions?

Hence write the principal regions for Sine, Cosine and tangent functions.
sin sin
3. If
then prove that
solution of given equation)
n (1) n
cos cos
2n
tan tan
If
then prove that
4. If
then prove that
sin 2 sin 2
5. If
then prove that
.(Where
.(Where
tan 2 tan 2
6. If
then prove that
7. If
then prove that
.(Where
cos 2 cos 2
.(Where
.(Where
is the principal
is the principal
.(Where
is the principal
is the principal
is the principal
is the principal
44
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: GENERAL SOLUTIONS

(For the following problems, first try to solve by yourself, and then
refer the concept/solution explained in the video)
1. Write the general solution of the equation
16(cos 2 x )(sin 2 x) 3
And hence write the number of solution(s) for
x (0,4 )
3 tan x tan x
12
12
And hence write the number of solution(s) for
x (0,4 )
tan ax cot bx
4. Prove that there does not exist any real solution of
a sin x b cos x c, where (a, b) R and c
where
( a, b) R
for the equation
a2 b2
5. Write the number of integral solution(s) for the following

trigonometric equations in x for mentioned interval:
a)
3 tan x cot x in 2 ,2
45
Class 11
b)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Mathematics
(1 2 sin x) 2 ( 3 tan x 1) 2 in 0,10

3 tan x 3 tan 2 x tan x tan 2 x 1 in 2 , 2
c)
d)
2
1
tan x tan x
x
in (0, )
tan
3
3
3 cot 4 x 10 cot 2 x 3 0 in 0,2

1 sin 2 x 3 sin x cos x in (0,2 )
2 sin 2 x 5 sin x 3 0 in 0,3
3 1 cos x
3 1 sin x 2 in 0,4
46
Class 11
Mathematics
OPEN SUMMARY
47
QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS
Class 11
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
session, you will have your notes ready. Also, solve In Video
Questions (IVQ), that you find while watching the video, in the
designated space.
SUBTOPIC: PRE-REQUISITES, INTRODUCTION

1. Do we plot the graph of a quadratic equation or a quadratic
polynomial?
Take a suitable example to support your answer.
2. True/False: ( Justify your answers )
a)
ay
px
px
b)
c)
by c
qx r
qx 2
ay 3 by
d)
y
is a quadratic expression in
x
is a quadratic expression in .
r
x
2
y
3. Explain which of the following are Quadratic equations:

(Hint- Use the definition of quadratic equation)
a)
b)
c)
x 2 x 2 2
x 2 x 2 2 x 2 3 x 1 x 1 2 x 1 3
x
d)
1 x 2 2
1
3
x
(think twice before giving this answer)
4. Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization:

a)
b)
2 x 2 5x 3 0
3x 2 8 x 3 0
48
Class 11
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
x2 7x 8 0
c)
x 2 3 3x 6 0
d)
5. Solve the following quadratic equations by using quadratic formula:
x( x 1) 0
a)
x 3 ( x 1) 0
b)
c)
1
x
2
1
x 0
2
d)
1
1
x x 0
2
3
6. Derive the formula for solution of quadratic equation

Hence write the solution of
2x 2 7x 3 0
ax 2 bx c 0
using quadratic formula.
7. Plot the graph of following quadratic polynomials and represent the

solution for same:
a)
y x2
b)
y x( x 1)
c)
y x 2 2x 1
d)
y 1 x2
e)
y 1 ( x 2) 2
f)
2 y 1 3( x 2) 2
49
Class 11
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: QUADRATIC POLYNOMIALS,

SIGNIFICANCE OF COEFFICIENTS
1. Justify why Polynomial equation
equation and why
( x 2) 3 x 5
( x 2) 2 x 5
is not a quadratic
is a quadratic equation?
2. Let Set A and Set B be the all possible values of y-coordinate of the
curves
Where
y x2
and
n( A B )
y x 2
respectively. Then Prove that
n ( A B ) 1.
represents the number of elements in Set
( A B).
n( A B )
(Hint:
will be the y-coordinate of point of intersection of the
given curves)
50
Class 11
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
3. Find the distance between the vertex of the parabola of the

equations
y 5 x 5 2
4. Find the vertex of the
and
y 5 x 5 2 .
two parabolas with equations
x y 2 y 1 and x y 2 y 1.
Also find their point of intersections by plotting the curves.
y x 4 and y x 2
5. Plot the graphs of

which they intersect.
. Also the find the number of points at
6. Find the sum of the roots of the equation
x 2 x 1 0.
(Hint: Watch the next video )
SUBTOPIC: NATURE AND LOCATION OF ROOTS

1. Let ai and Di be the coefficient of x2 and Discriminate respectively for
the given graphs of quadratic equation.
51
Class 11
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
Write the sign of product of ai and Di for following graphs:
ax 2 bx c 0
2. Prove that if one root of the quadratic equation

for (a, b,
c)Q is an irrational number then other root cannot be a rational
number.
2 3
3. If
is the root of quadratic equation px2+qx+r=0 for (p, q, r)Q,
then find the value of (p+q+r).
4. Find all the possible value(s) of the parameter t for which the quadratic
equation
(t 1) x 2 2(t 1) x (t 2) 0
has no real roots.
And hence plot the graph for one of the values of t.

5. Find the condition when quadratic equation ax 2+bx+c=0 will have equal
roots.
Using above result prove that roots of the equation
(a b) 2 x 2 (b a ) 2(b 2 a 2 ) x
will be real and equal.
52
Class 11
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
6. Determine the value(s) of a and b, such that both the equations
x 2 mx n 0
and
2 x 2 4 x mn 0
have equal roots.
7. Find the condition on a, b and c such the equation

three solutions.
(Confused? )
ax 2 bx c 0
has
53
Class 11
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: ARE THEIR UNREAL ROOTS

1. Why do we have to define a new classification of numbers as
complex numbers as explained in the video?
Can you give one example of an equation where we get the solution
as a complex number?
2. Prove that the given equation
x2 1 0
is a quadratic equation.
Also write the solution(s) for the same.

3. Write the condition for which the quadratic equation ax 2+bx+c=0 has,
a) Real roots and distinct roots
b) Real and equal roots c)
Imaginary/Complex roots
4. A quadratic equation cant have one complex and one real root as
its solution. Justify the statement with suitable examples.
5. Prove that the zeros of
a) Determinant Value.
x2 x 1
are complex by using
b) By plotting the graph.

Represent the line about which the graph of above expression will be
symmetric
6. Prove that 2+3i and 3+2i both together can never be roots of a
quadratic equation
ax 2 bx c 0
for any real value of a, b, c.
7. If 2 is one of the root of the equation

other two roots are imaginary.
x 3 4x 2 8x 8 0
, then prove that
54
Class 11
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: RANGE OF QUADRATIC

EQUATIONS, RELATION OF ROOTS WITH
COEFFICIENTS
x 2 bx 4 0
1. If
has two real roots and vertex lies on right side of y-axis.
Then find the minimum integral value of b to satisfy the above
condition.
x 2 x c 0
2. If
has no real roots then maximum value of corresponding
expression lies above x-axis. Prove that their does not exist any integral
value of c for above condition.
3. For a quadratic equation
roots will be
b
c
and
a
a
, and
ax 2 bx c 0
prove that sum and product of
4. If
be the roots of a cubic equation
write the value of following expressions:
a)
c)
b)
3x 3 4 x 2 5x d 0
then
5. Write the condition such that the two quadratic equations
a1 x 2 b1 x c1 0 and a 2 x 2 b2 x c 2 0
will have two common roots.
Also try to find the condition such that above two equations will have
exactly one common root.
6. In-video question:
If
a R, b R
x 2 abx a 2
then the equation

has
a) one positive and one negative root
b)
55
Class 11
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
both positive roots

c) both negative roots
cant say
d)
ax 2 bx c 0
The coefficient of in the equation

was wrongly taken as
17 instead of 13 and its roots were -2 and -15, then actual roots are
a) -2 and -15
b) -3 and -10
c) -4 and -10
d) -5 and -6
SUBTOPIC: TRANSFORMATION OF EQUATIONS,

HIGHER ORDER EQUATIONS, SOLVING THE
EQUATIONS
and
ax 2 bx c 0
1. If
be the roots of the equation
then find the
equation whose roots are:
(Also plot the graph of corresponding polynomial of new equations)
a)
b)
2 and 2
and
2
2
and
c)
56
Class 11
d)
e)
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
1
1
and
and
2. Find the integral solutions of simultaneous quadratic equations:
x 2 6 x 5 0 and x 2 2 x 0
a, b, c, d R
ax 3 bx 2 cx d 0
3. If
then prove that
cannot have two real
and one imaginary roots for all possible values of a, b, c, d.
4. State the Descartes rule.
Hence state the maximum number of roots following equations can
have.
a)
b)
c)
d)
f ( x) x 5 x 4 7 x 3 4 x 2 3
g ( x) x 5 x 4 7 x 3 4 x 2 3
h( x ) x 4 x 3 4 x 2 3
k ( x) x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 2 x 3 x 2 1
OPEN SUMMARY
57
Class 11
Quadratic equations
Mathematics
58
SEQUENCE
AND SERIES
Class 11
Sequence and series
Mathematics
1. Why it is practically not possible to fold a paper for 100 times?
2. Define a Sequence of numbers.
3. Give one example of a sequence of numbers which appears again and
again in practical world. (Not the ones which are explained in videos).
4. Justify why the following collection of numbers is a sequence.
1, 5, 9, 11, 16.
1,-1, 1,-1, 1,-1.
5. Define a Series of numbers. Is there a difference between a sequence
and series?
6. Find the first five terms of the following sequences.
An=5n-10
Bn=(n2-1)(n2+1)
Cn=n-1
7. The Fibonacci sequence is defined by a 1=a2=1, and an=an-1+an-2, n>2,
an
then find
a n1 2
for n=4.
8. Find the sum of the sequence an=5n+4 for first 10 terms.

( To find out what is the speciality of above sequence watch the next
video) J
57
Class 11
Sequence and series
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

1. If the car, mentioned in the example explained in the video, travels at
a speed of 0.5 Km/hr, then can the total distance travelled by car at
any hour, be found out?
If yes, then write the corresponding sequence for the same.
2. Define Arithmetic Progressions with suitable example.
3. Are all the sequences are progressions or is it the other way around?
Explain by giving suitable example.
( I always gets confused between Sequence, Series and Progression, I
hope you wont)
4. Write the common difference and nth term of the arithmetic progression
a+d, a+3d, a+5d, a+7d
5. If you add a constant 5 to each and every term of an arithmetic
progression 1, 5, 9, 13., Will you again get a new arithmetic
progression?
If yes then write the 15th term of new arithmetic progression.
6. Multiply each term of the arithmetic progression 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2 with 2
and then find the 15th term of the new arithmetic progression.
7. Prove that formula for finding the sum to the n terms of arithmetic
progression a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, a+4d.. is
number of terms
( first term n th term)

2
n
(2a (n 1) d )
2
which is
( Very important result for solving problems)
8. Consider the two arithmetic progressions 4, 8, 12, 16.. and 3, 6, 9,

12....
Do we get another arithmetic progression if corresponding terms of
above two progressions are
added?
If yes, then find the 15th term of the new arithmetic progression. If no,
explain why?
9. Define Arithmetic mean of given n numbers.
58
Class 11
Sequence and series
Mathematics
ba
n 1
10.Prove that common difference is

if n arithmetic means are
inserted between a and b.
(Another important result for solving problems)
11.
Write four arithmetic means which can be inserted between the
numbers a and a+5d
12.
If the sum of first p terms of an A.P is equal to the sum of first q
terms, then find the sum of first (p+q) terms.
13.If the ratio of nth terms of two arithmetic progressions is

the ratio of their 18th terms.
5n 4
9n 6
, then find
59
Class 11
Sequence and series
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

1. Define a Geometric progression. Also explain why a geometric
progression can also be classified as a sequence.
2. Find the nth term of the geometric progression a, ar, ar 2, ar3.. .
(Important result for problem solving)
3. Write the indicated terms in following geometric progressions:
a)
b)
1 1 1 1
1, , , , ......
2 4 8 16
1 1
1
1, , , .....
3 9 27
( 15th term)
(18th term
5, 25, 125, 625.....
c)
(16th term)
d) 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1. ( 20th term)
4. Write the geometric mean of the terms a 1,a2, a3, a4, an.
5. Write the geometric progression formed by inserting n geometric
means between a and b.
Also find the common ratio using a, b and n.
6. Prove that the formula for sum to the n terms of the geometric
r n 1
r 1
progressions a, ar, ar2, ar3... is

. What will happen if r=1? Can
we still use the result which you have proved just now?
60
Class 11
Sequence and series
Mathematics
7. Prove that the formula for sum to the infinite terms of the geometric
a
1 r
progressions a, ar, ar2, ar3... is

for r<1. What will be the result for
r>1.
SUBTOPIC: HARMONIC PROGRESSIONS

1 1 1 1 1
, , , , .....
2 5 8 11 14
1. Find the 15th term of the sequence

.
(Hint: Are you able to see a reciprocated arithmetic
progression)
2. Define a Harmonic Progression. Give one example of how it is related to
definition of arithmetic progression.
3. Write the expression for finding the nth term of the harmonic progression
1 1
1
1
1
,
,
,
,
........
a a d a 2d a 3d a 4d
4. If first term of a Harmonic progression is 1 and third term is 9. Then find
the 15th term of the same progression.
5. Write the Harmonic Mean of numbers a and b. Then extend the logic for
finding the harmonic mean of n numbers a1, a2, a3,..an.
6. Insert five harmonic means between the numbers 5 and 10.
61
Class 11
Sequence and series
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: RELATION BETWEEN AM, GM, AND

HM
1. Write the Arithmetic (A.M), Geometric (G.M) and Harmonic Mean (H.M)
of numbers a and b.
2. If X, Y, and Z be AM, GM and HM of numbers a and b respectively. Then
prove that Y2=XZ.
3. Prove that Arithmetic mean is always greater than or equal to
Geometric mean of any two positive numbers.
4. Prove that Geometric mean is always greater than or equal to Harmonic
mean for any two positive numbers.
62
Class 11
Sequence and series
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: AGP, SUMMATION BY SIGMA

METHOD, METHOD OF DIFFERENCE, Vn
METHOD
1.
Write a generalized arithmetic-geometric progression as explained in

the video.
2. Derive the nth term of the sequence a, (a+d)r, (a+2d)r2, (a+3d)r3..

3. Derive the expression to the sum of n terms of the sequence a, (a+d)r,
(a+2d)r2, (a+3d)r3..
4. Prove that the sum of first n natural numbers is
n(n 1)
2
5. Find the nth term and sum to the n terms of the sequence 1, 2.2,
3.22,4.23,5.24..(Dot here signifies multiplication)
6. Prove that the sum of squares of first n natural numbers is
n(n 1)( 2n 1)
6
63
Class 11
Sequence and series
Mathematics
7. Write the expression for sum of cubes of first n natural numbers.

8. Find the value of the following expression:
nn
n n
n(n 1) n(n 1)
n(n 1)
n 1
n 1
b)
n 1
2
n 1
nn
n n
(n
d)
n 2 n 1)
n 1
9. Generally when do we use the method of difference to find the n th term

or the sum of the given sequence? Explain with the help of example.
10.Find the sum of the sequence 1, 4, 8, 13, 19.. of first 15 terms.
(Hint: Use method of difference)
11.
Write Tn of the sequence 1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+4.5.6+., then find
the Vn(as explained in the video)
Sn
12.
For above problem Prove that
1
Vn Vn 1
12
13.
Using Vn method, find the sum of the sequence
1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+4.5.6+. .
64
Class 11
Sequence and series
Mathematics
OPEN SUMMARY
65
PRINCIPLE
OF
MATHEMATIC
AL
INDUCTION
Class 11
Principle of mathematical induction
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

1. Define the principle of Mathematical Induction.
2. Give one example where we can use principle of Mathematical Induction
to prove the given statement.
3. Prove by using mathematical induction that sum of the first n natural
numbers is
n(n 1)
2
4. Prove by using mathematical induction that sum of squares of the first n
natural numbers is
n(n 1)( 2n 1)
6
5. Prove by using mathematical induction that sum of cubes of the first n
natural numbers is
n(n 1)
1
1
1
1
2n
...........
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
1 2 3.... n n 1
6. Prove that
using mathematical induction.
by
66
Class 11
Principle of mathematical induction
Mathematics
OPEN SUMMARY
67
PERMUTATION
S AND
COMBINATION
S
Class 11
Permutations and combinations
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION, COUNTING

PRINCIPLE
1. In brief case problem:
If there would have been four entries rather than three entries.
Write the total number of attempts thief will have to try to surely open
the lock.
2. Explain fundamental principle of counting. Justify your answer by taking
a suitable example.
3. In Password deciding problem:
If you are not allowed to use the digits and only alphabets(bigger and
smaller case) are allowed, then write the number of combinations a
hacker needs to try before surely unlocking your account.
4. In Shirt pant example:
If we add 2 ties along with 3 shirts and 2 pants, then in how many
different combinations he can wear a tie, a shirt and a pant?
5. Three coins are tossed simultaneously and the outcomes are recorded.
How many such possible outcomes are there?
6. In Island example:
If there is a city D which can be reached through C in four different
ways, then write the total number of ways that a person can reach to
city D from city A.
68
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: PERMUTATION
1. What do you mean by permutation?
2. How many different Anagrams are possible for the word English?
3. How many three letter words with or without meaning can be formed
using the letters of the word English for following cases?
a) When repetition of letters is allowed.
b) When repetition of letters is not allowed.
4. Expand the term n! for any natural number n.
n
Expand the term
Pr
for natural numbers n and r.(n>r)

n
5. Explain why it is not possible to define

(n>r)
Pr
for negative integer n and r.
Is it possible to achieve the negative value of

n and r? Justify your answer.(n>r)
Pr
for any natural number
6. Write the number of words with or without meaning that can be formed
using the
a) root -
b) illustrate -
69
Class 11
Mathematics
7. Use the concept explained in Root and Illustration example:

write the total number of possible words that can be formed using the
word ecstatic.
SUBTOPIC: CIRCULAR PERMUTATIONS

1. As explained in the video:
Statement: Number of seating arrangements of n persons on a circular
table is (n-1)!and for linear arrangement is n!.
Justify above statement by taking suitable example(s).
2. Statement:
Number of ways to form a garland from 6 flowers is 6!/2 not 6!. Justify
your answer.
3. Find the number of ways five members can be seated on circular table
such that two particular members sit always together.
4. a) Find the number of 4-digit numbers that can be formed using the
numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
b) Find the number of 4-members groups which can be formed using 6
persons.
Justify why the answer of problem (a) is more than answer of problem
(b).
70
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: COMBINATIONS
1. What do you mean by combination of r numbers from given n
numbers? Explain with suitable examples.
How it is different from permutation of r numbers from given n
numbers? Explain with suitable
example.
n
2. Define
Cr
for natural numbers n and r.

n
3. Prove that
Pr n C r
nr
for natural numbers n and r.

n
Also write the values of n and r when
nr
Pr n C r
4. In Alphabet example:
If there are 4 letters which needs to be selected and arranged from
given A, B, C, D and E, then
a) Number of ways to select 4 letters from A, B, C, D and E ________
b) Numbers of ways to arrange 4 letters from A, B, C, D and E
_________
Is the number of ways to select 3 letters more than number of ways to
select 4 letters?
5. Prove that number of ways of selecting 3 members from 10 members is
equal to number of ways of selecting 7 members from 10 members.
71
Class 11
Mathematics
6. In President example:
If there is also a prime minister who needs to be selected from A, B, C,
D and E.
then write the number of ways in which all the three posts can be filled.
7. What is the number of ways of choosing 4 cards from a pack of 52
playing cards? In how many of these
a) four cards are of same suit.
b) cards are of same colour.
c) two are red cards and two are black cards.
d) cards are of black colour.
SUBTOPIC: DERANGEMENT, MULTINOMIAL

THEOREM
1. Explain the term Derangement used in the video. Take suitable
example(s) to support your answer.
2. Prove that number of derangements of n envelopes and their
1
1 1 1 1 1
n! 1 .......
1! 2! 3! 4! 5!
n!
corresponding n letters is
3. A professor has had 4 of his students student A, student B, student C,

and student D take a test and wants to let his students grade each
other's tests. Of course, no student should grade his or her own test.
How many ways could the professor hand the tests back to the students
for grading, such that no student received his or her own test back?
4. In Chocolate problem as explained in multinomial video:
a) If there are 4-persons among which 12 similar chocolates needs to
be distributed, then find the number of ways that it can be done.
b) If there are 4-persons among which 12 different chocolates needs
to be distributed, then find the number of ways that it can be done.
72
Class 11
Mathematics
Why are you getting different answer when chocolates are same and
different? Can you give a
logical inference for the same?
5. Use the concept explained in above problem to solve and prove the
following important results:
a) Write the number of positive integral solutions for the equation
x+y+z=10.
b) Can you generalize the concept used in problem (a) and hence prove
that number of positive integral solutions of the equation
x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 .......... x r n
n 1
C r 1
is
(Very important result for solving problems)
c) Write the number of non-negative integral solutions for the equation
x+y+z=10.
d) Generalize the concept used in problem (c) and hence prove that
number of positive integral solutions of the equation
x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 .......... x r n
n r 1
C r 1
is
(Very important result for solving problems)
OPEN SUMMARY
73
BINOMIAL
THEOREM
Class 11
Binomial theorem
Mathematics
designated space.
1. Write the Pascal triangle and hence show the following patterns as
a) Draw the line of numbers about which Pascal triangle is symmetric.
b) Hexagon Square.
c) Hockey Stick Pattern.
d) What does each row of Pascal triangle represent?
e) What are triangular and tetrahedral numbers and show the pattern
of triangular and tetrahedral numbers in Pascal triangle.
f) Visualize and highlight the Fibonacci series in Pascal triangle.
74
Class 11
Binomial theorem
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: BINOMIAL EXPANSION, EXPANSION

OF BINOMIAL, GENERAL TERM
1. What do you mean by Binomial Expansion?
2. Answer the following questions based on the Binomial expansion of
(a b)10
a) Number of terms in above expansion is __________.
b) Prove that minimum and maximum power of a or b in above
expansion will be 0 and 10 respectively.
c) Sum of exponents of a and b in each term of above expansion will
be always 10. Justify the statement.
d) Write the 4th and 6th term for above expansion.
e) Prove that coefficient of 4th and 6th term will be equal.
Now can you generalize all the above properties for Binomial
expansion of
( a b) n
3. What do you mean by general term in the expansion of

Hence write the
problem solving)
(r 1) th
(a b) n
term in above expansion. (Important result for
If the coefficient of
(1 x)
(2r 4) th
term and
(r 2) th
term in the expansion of
18
are equal, then find r.
(r 1) th , r th and (r 1) th
If the coefficient of
terms in the expansion of
are in the ratio 1:3:5, then find the value of r and n.
(1 x) n
75
Class 11
Binomial theorem
Mathematics
Concept of Middle term

In the expansion of
- If n is even then
- If n is odd then
the expansion.
( a b) n
n
( 1) th
2
n 1
term will be the middle term of the expansion.
th
n 1
1
2
th
and
term will be the middle terms
6. Show that the middle term in the expansion of
1.3.5........(2n 1)( 2n) n

x
n!
(1 x) 2 n
is
, where n is a positive integer.
7. Write the coefficient of middle term in the expansion of
x 2
22
76
Class 11
Binomial theorem
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: VISUALIZING THE COEFFICIENTS,

VISUALIZING THE TERMS, PROPERTIES OF
COEFFICIENTS
1. What do you mean by Numerically Greatest term in the Binomial
expansion?
(Try to explain with the help of graph as explained in the video)
Write the condition to find the numerically greatest term in the
expansion of
( a b) n
In-video question:
2. Find the greatest term in the expansion of
(2 3x) 9
x
at
3
2
In-video question:
3 (1
3. Find the greatest term in the expansion of
If
a)
(1 x) 2 n a 0 a1 x a 2 x 2 .................... a 2 n x 2 n
1
a 0 a 2 a 4 (a 0 a1 a 2 ...........)
2
a n 3 a n 3
c)
these
1
3
) 20
.
, then,
b)
a n 1 a n
d) All of
In-video question:
5. Sum of coefficients of
a) 1
c) -1
x 3
319
is,
b) 2
d) 0
In-video question:
6.
20
C K ______
77
Class 11
219
a)
Binomial theorem
Mathematics
1 20
C10
2
219
b)
20
C10
c)
these
d) None of
SUBTOPIC: BEYOND BINOMIALS

1. Use the Fundamental Principle of Counting to answer the following
questions:
a b c 10
a r1 b r2 c r3
a) Find the Coefficient of

in the binomial expansion of
.
b) Can you write the relation which r1, r2, r3 will always follow for above
expansion.
c) How many terms will be there in above expansion?
Now can you try to answer the above questions for the expansion of
a b c d e
f g
100
In-video question:
2. Find the coefficient of
a 2b3c 4 d
in the expansion of
a b c d 10
In-video question:
x 2 y 3z 12
3. Which of the following is true in the expansion of

a) Number of terms in the expansion is 91.
b) Number of terms in the expansion is 36.
c) Sum of all the coefficients in the expansion is 2 16 .
d) Sum of all the coefficients in the expansion is 6 12.
78
Class 11
Binomial theorem
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: BINOMIAL THEOREM FOR ANY

INDEX
1. Write the Binomial expansion of
1 x n
x 1
for any index n and
x 1
Can you explain why above expansion is not valid for
suitable example to
2. Write the expansion of
x
1
2
? Take a
1
2
x 2
,When
5
3. Answer the following questions based on the expansion of
1 2 x 2
a) Sum of all the coefficients will be _________

b) Exponent of x in the fourth term of the expansion will be_______.
c) Coefficients of fourth term will be_______.
79
Class 11
Binomial theorem
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: SUM OF BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS,

SUM OF PRODUCT OF BINOMIAL
COEFFICIENTS
refer the solution explained in the video)
1. Simplify the following series of Binomial Coefficients:
n
C0 nC0 nC1 nC2 ..................
C0 nC2 nC4 nC6 ..................
C0 nC3 nC6 nC6 ..................
C1 2 nC2 3 nC3 ...................
a)
b)
c)
d)
80
Class 11
e)
Binomial theorem
Mathematics
3 nC1 7 nC2 11 nC3 ...................
f)
C0 nC1 nC2
...................
1
2
3
g)
C0 nC1 nC2
...................
1.2 2.3 3.4
n
n
n
C3
Cn
C1
C2
...................
n
n
n
n
C0
C1
C2
Cn 1
n
h)
i)
j)
2n
C1 2 nC2 3 2 nC3 ................... n 2 nCn _______,
where
n 50
C0 3 nC1 5 nC2 ................... (2 n 1) nCn

2
2. Prove that value of binomial expression
C0
C1
C 2 ...................
binomial expansion of
(1 x)
Cn
is equal to the coefficient of
xn
in
2n
SUBTOPIC: REMAINDER PROBLEMS, INTEGRAL

PART PROBLEMS
refer the solution explained in the video)
3 400
1. Find the last two digits of the number

using Binomial expansion and
also using shortcut method as explained in the video?
81
Class 11
Binomial theorem
Mathematics
2. Find the last two digits of given number using shortcut method as
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
267 100
37 72
72 37
2 100
2 167
5 125
4 75
3. Find the remainder when
1690 2608 2608 1609
is divided by 7.
4. Is the Integral part (greatest integer value) of
5. Let
7 4 3
100
I f,
6 14
201
even or odd?
where I is the integral part and f is the fractional
part. Then find the value of
I f (I
f)
?
OPEN SUMMARY
82
Class 11
Binomial theorem
Mathematics
83
STRAIGHT
LINES
Class 11
Straight lines
Mathematics
1.
a) What is angle of inclination?
b) In what direction/sense is it measured?
c) What is the relation of the angle of inclination with the slope of the
line?
2. Express the slope of a line when two points (x 1, y1) and (x2, y2) on the line
are given.
a) What is the value of the slope of a line which is parallel to the x-axis?
b) What is the value of the slope of a line which is parallel to the y-axis?
3.
a) What is the relation between the slopes of two lines (m 1, m2) which
are parallel to each other?
b) What is the relation between the slopes of two lines (m 1, m2) which
are perpendicular to each other?
Can the relation mentioned in (b) above, be true if the given the lines
are the x-axis and the y-axis? Explain.
4. Write the expression for the acute angle between two lines whose
slopes are m1& m2respectively.
a) If m1 = -1& m2= 1 then find the obtuse angle between the lines.
b) What is the relation between the angles found in (a) and (b) above?
5.
a) Write the standard form of the equation of a line whose slope is m
and passes through a point (x1, y1). Also, prove the equation
provided by you.
83
Class 11
Straight lines
Mathematics
b) What is this standard form of the equation of a line called?

c) Write the equation of a line whose slope is 3/5 and passes through
(1, 6).
6.
a) Write the standard form of the equation of a line which passes
through the points (x1, y1) &
(x2, y2). Also prove the equation
provided by you.
c) Write the equation a line which passes through (4, 6) and (9, 11).
7.
a) Write the standard form of the equation of a line whose slope is m,
and has an intercept of c on the y-axis? Also, prove the equation
provided by you.
c) Write the equation of a line whose slope is 2/3 and has an intercept
of -3 on the y-axis.
8.
a) Write the standard form of the equation of a line which has an
intercept of a on the x-axis and an intercept of b on the y-axis?
Also, prove the equation provided by you.
c) Write the equation a line which cuts the intercept of 3 on the x-axis
and -4 on the y-axis.
9. Write the equation of a line whose intercept between the axes is
bisected at the point (-3, -5).
10.
a) Write the standard form of the equation of a line, whose length of
perpendicular from origin is p and the angle of inclination of this
perpendicular line is ? Also, prove the equation provided by you.
84
Class 11
Straight lines
Mathematics

c) Write the equation of a line whose length of perpendicular from
origin is 5 units and the angle of inclination of this perpendicular line
is 3/4.
11.
a) Express the equation of a line in symmetric form. Also, explain the
significance of the parameter(s) used in the equation.
b) Write the co-ordinates of the points which are at a distance of 2 units
from the point (3, 4) on the line y=x+1.
12.Write the General form of the equation of a line.
a) Convert the General form of the equation of a line to its standard
equation in slope y-intercept form.
For the line 2x+5y+7=0, find the slope and its y-intercept.
b) Convert the General form of the equation of a line to its standard
equation in intercept form.
For the line 3x+4y+5=0, find the intercepts made by the line on
the x-axis and y-axis
respectively.
c) Convert the General form of the equation of a line to its standard

equation in normal form.
For the line x-y+4=0, find the angle of inclination and the distance
of origin.
13.Use the concept involved in (c) of previous problem or otherwise, to
derive the distance of a point (x1, y1) from a line ax+by+c=0.
85
Class 11
Straight lines
Mathematics
14.
a) Write the equation of a line parallel to the x-axis and passing
through (2,4).
b) Write the equation of a line parallel to the y-axis and passing

through (2,4).
15.In the General form of the equation of a line ax+by+c=0, what is the
value of c if the line is passing through origin?
16.If lines a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0 are parallel to each other,
then write the relation between a1, b1, a2, b2.
17.Write the equation of a line which is parallel to x+4y-6=0 and passes
through (1, 4).
a) If lines a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0 are perpendicular to each
other, then write the relation between a 1, b1, a2, b2.
b) Write the equation of a line which is perpendicular to x+4y-6=0 and
passes through (1, 4).
c) Find the distance between the two parallel lines whose equations are
3x+4y-4=0 and 6x+8y+10=0.
18.Write the point of intersection of the lines 5x+12y-11=0 and 4x3y+1=0
19. Write the condition for the lines a 1x+b1y+c1=0, a2x+b2y+c2=0 and
a3x+b3y+c3=0 to be concurrent.
20.
86
Class 11
Straight lines
Mathematics
a) What is the equation of a system of concurrent lines ( family of

lines)?
b) Write the expression for a family member passing through the
intersection of the lines a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0.
c) Write the expression for a family member passing through the

intersection of the lines 3x+2y-1=0 and x-4y+5=0 and also passing
through the point (0, 3).
21.
a) Find the coordinates of the Centroid of a triangle ABC whose vertices
are A(2,4) , B( 1,1) and C(5,2).
b) Find the coordinates of the Orthocenter of a triangle ABC whose
vertices are A(2,4) , B( 1,1) and C(5,2).
c) Find the coordinates of the Circumcenter of a triangle ABC whose
vertices are A(2,4) , B( 1,1) and C(5,2).
d) Find the coordinates of the Incenter of a triangle ABC whose vertices
are A(2,4) , B( 1,1) and C(5,2).
22.
a) Write the expression of the ratio in which line joining the points
(x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is divided by the line ax+by+c=0.
b) What can you comment on the position of the points (x 1,y1) and
(x2,y2) with respect to the line ax+by+c=0, on the basis of the sign
of the ratio found in (a).
23.A triangle ABC is cut by a straight line in such a way that it meets AB at
F, AC at E and BC produced at D. Then
BD CE AF
.
.
DC EA FB
= ____ (This is
known as Menelauss Theorem)

24.A triangle ABC has point P inside the triangle. The line joining of A and P
when produced meets BC at D, the line joining of B and P when
produced meets AC at E , the line joining of C and P when produced
87
Class 11
meets AB at F. Then
Straight lines
BD CE AF
.
.
DC EA FB
Mathematics
= ____ (This is known as Cevas
Theorem)
OPEN SUMMARY
88
CONICS
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: CIRCLES CONCEPTS 1

1. What two dimensional geometrical figure do you obtain at the crosssection of a cone cut by a plane perpendicular to its axis?
a. Define a circle as a locus.
b. Write the form of a General second degree equation that represents
the conics.
c. What conditions must be satisfied in the General second degree
equation mentioned above for it to represent a circle?
d. In order to draw a circle, name the point that is always fixed. What
are the two mandatory parameters that are required to construct a
unique circle?
e. On X-Y co-ordinate axes, draw a circle with center at origin and
radius is 2 units.
2.
a) Write the equation of a circle with center at origin and radius a
units.
b) Write the equation of a circle with center at (h, k) and radius a
units.
Can you explain how you will obtain the equation in (b) from (a) by
shifting the origin?
3. How many circles can be formed if the extremities of its diameter are
mentioned? Explain your answer.
Write the equation of a circle the extremities of whose diameter are
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
89
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
4.
a) Write the parametric equation of a circle whose center is at origin
and radius is r. What is the parameter here? What do you mean by
a parameter?
b) Write the parametric equation of a circle whose center is at (h, k)

and radius is r.
5. Statement: Any second degree equation
ax2+by2+2hxy+2gx+2fy+c=0 may represent a conic.
In light of this Statement, state True/False for the following:
i)
ii)
iii)
If a=2b then the second degree equation represents a circle.

A circle must not have any xy term in its equation.
If abc+2hgf-af2-bg2-ch2=0 then the second degree equation
represents a circle.
a) Write a general form of the equation of a circle.

b) Mention the center and the radius of the circle whose equation is
mentioned by you in (a)
6. Consider the general equation of a circle x 2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0.
a) Write the condition for a point (x1, y1) to be on the given circle.
b) Write the condition for a point (x1, y1) to be inside the given circle.
c) Write the condition for a point (x1, y1) to be outside the given circle.
d) Where is the point (3, 5) locate with respect to the circle
x2+y2+2x+6y-3=0 ?
7.
a) What do you mean by a normal drawn to a circle at a point on the
circle?
b) How many normal(s) can be drawn at a point (x 1, y1) on the circle
x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0?
c) Write the equation(s) of the normal(s) mentioned by you above.
90
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
d) How many normal(s) with slope m can be drawn to the circle

x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0?
e) Write the equation(s) of the normal(s) mentioned by you above.
f) How many normal(s) can be drawn from a point (x 1, y1) outside the
circle x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 to the circle?
g) Write the equation(s) of the normal(s) mentioned by you above.

h) Write the equation of the normal(s) drawn to the circle
x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 and perpendicular to the tangent y=mx+c to
the circle.
8.
a) Write the condition for the line y=mx+c to intersect the circle
x2+y2=a2. State the quadratic equation concept used to derive the
mentioned condition.
b) Write the condition for the line y=mx+c to touch the circle
x2+y2=a2(Condition for Tangency). State the quadratic equation
concept used to derive the mentioned condition.
c) Write the condition for the line y=mx+c not to touch the circle
x2+y2=a2. State the quadratic equation concept used to derive the
mentioned condition.
d) Confirm on the above conditions by using the concept of distance of
a point from a line.
9.
a) How many secants can be drawn to a circle from a point outside the
circle?
b) How many tangents can be drawn to a circle from a point outside
the circle? What can you comment about the length of these
tangents?
c) State Secant law. Justify the law by using the concept of quadratic
Equations.
91
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
10.
a) How many tangent(s) can be drawn at a point (x 1, y1) on the circle
x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0?
b) Write the equation(s) of the tangent(s) mentioned by you above.
c) Write the equation of the tangent drawn to any conic
ax2+by2+2hxy+2gx+2fy+c=0 at the point (x1, y1) on the conic.
d) State the general substitutions made by you in (c).
11.
a) Write the equations of the tangents with slope 2 drawn to the circle
x2+y2=9.
b) Write the points of contact of a tangent y=mx+c to the circle
x2+y2=a2.
c) Write the equations of the tangents drawn to the circle x 2+y2=9 from
the point (4, 5).
d) Find the length of the tangent drawn in (a).
e) Generalize the expression for the length of the tangent drawn to a
circle x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 drawn from a point (x1, y1) outside the
circle.
f)
Verify from the expression obtained in (c) that if the point (x 1, y1) is
on the circle the length of the tangent becomes zero.
g) Verify from the expression obtained in (c) that if the point (x 1, y1) is
inside the circle the length of the tangent becomes non-real.
12.Consider a circle S: x2+y2-2x-6y-6=0 and a point A(4, 6).
a) Find the minimum distance of A from S.
b) Find the maximum distance of A from S.
92
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
13.
a) What do you understand by chord of contact?
b) Write the equation of the chord of contact obtained by joining the
points of contact of the two tangents drawn to the circle
x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 from a point (x1, y1) outside the circle.
c) Explain why the equation in (b) is same as the equation of a tangent
to the circle drawn at (x1, y1) on the circle.
d) What is the difference between the equation of a tangent and
equation of the chord of contact?
14.
a) Express the equation of the chord of a circle S:
x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 which is bisected at the point (x 1, y1) in terms
of T and S1, where T: xx1+yy1+g(x+x1)+f(y+y1)+c & S1:
x12+y12+2gx1+2fy1+c.
b) What happens to the equation mentioned in (a) if (x 1, y1) is on the
circle? Explain your observation.
c) Find the equation of the chord of a circle S: x 2+y2-2x-6y-6=0 which
is bisected at (2,3).
15.Define Director Circle to a circle as a locus.
a) Also Write the equation of the Director circle to the circle x 2+y2=a2.
Derive the equation of Director circle by using geometry.
b) State True/False for the following:
i) The center of the Director circle to a circle is the same as that of
later circle.
ii) The radius of the Director circle to x2+y2=4 is 22 units.
c) Find the distance between the centers of circles x 2+y2-2x-6y-6=0
and x2+y2-4x+8y-6=0
16.
a) Write the expression for the angle between two tangents drawn at
point of intersection of two circles whose radii are r 1 and r2
93
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
respectively and the distance between their centers is d.

b) What are orthogonal circles?
c) If two circles x2+y2+2g1x+2f1y+c1=0 & ; x2+y2+2g2x+2f2y+c2=0 to
meet orthogonally then
2g1g2+2f1f2 = ______
d) If two circles x2+y2+2g1x+2f1y+c1=0 & ; x2+y2+2g2x+2f2y+c2=0
intersect then the equation of the common chord is
_________________________
e) If two circles x2+y2+2g1x+2f1y+c1=0 & ; x2+y2+2g2x+2f2y+c2=0
do not intersect then the equation of the radical axis is
_________________________
f) Explain why the answers written by you in (b) & (c) above are the
same?
SUBTOPIC: CIRCLES CONCEPTS 2

1.
a) Write the equation of a circle whose center is (3, 5) and passes
through the origin.
b) Write the equation of a circle whose center is (3, 5) and touching the
x-axis.
c) Write the equation of a circle whose center is (3, 5) and touching the
y-axis.
d) Write the equation of a circle with radius 3 units and touching both
the co-ordinate axes in n
the third quadrant.
94
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
2.
a) Write the expression for the length of the x-intercept cut by the
circle x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0.
b) If the x-intercept is 0 then g2-c = _____
c) Write the expression for the length of the y-intercept cut by the
d) If the y-intercept is 0 then f2-c = _____
e) Write the equation of a circle which cuts an intercept of a on the xaxis and b on the y-axis and also passes through the origin.
3. Write the equation of the Director circle to the circle

x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0. Derive the equation of Director circle by using
geometry.
4.
a) State the condition for Tangency of a line y=mx+c to an ellipse
2
x y
+ 2 =1 .
2
a b
b) State the condition for Tangency of a line y=mx+c to a hyperbola

2
x
y
2 =1 .
2
a b
c) State the condition for the line lx+my+n=0 to be normal to the

d) The distance between two parallel tangents to a circle is ________.
5. Using a clear diagram explain external and internal center of similitude.
95
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: CONIC SECTIONS CONCEPTS 1

1.
a) Write a general second degree equation representing a conic.
b) What do you understand by locus? What is the locus of a point that
is equidistant from to fixed points?
96
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
2. Consider a fixed point S(x1, y1) and fixed line ax+by+c=0. Let the P be a
general point free to move in such a way that the ratio PS/PM =e,
(where PM is the distance of the point P from the line and e is a positive
real number). Fill in the blanks based on the above information.
a) If e=0 then the locus of P represents a _________
b) If e=1 then the locus of P represents a _________
c) If 0 < e < 1 then the locus of P represents an _________
d) If e > 1 then the locus of P represents a _________
e) The point S is known as _________
f) The real number e is known as __________
g) The Line ax+by+c=0 is known as __________
3.
a) i) Derive the standard equation of a parabola whose focus is at (a, 0)
and the equation of whose directrix is x=-a.
ii) Draw the graph of the parabola thus derived with respect to the xy co-ordinate axes. Clearly mark/express on the graph the following :
1) Focus
2)Vertex
3) Axis. Is the graph drawn by you symmetric about the Axis?
4) Directrix
5)A chord
6)A focal chord
7)A double ordinate. Why is the name double ordinate given?
8) Latus Rectum. What is the length of the Latus Rectum?
9) Co-ordinates of the Extremities of the Latus Rectum
10) Focal distance(focal radius) of a point (x,y). Write the expression
for the focal distance for the given point.
11) Equation of the tangent at the vertex
b) i) State the standard equation of a parabola whose focus is at (-a, 0)
and the equation of whose directrix is x=a.
ii) Draw the graph of the parabola thus derived with respect to the xy co-ordinates axes. Clearly mark/express on the graph, all the
points mentioned in (a)(ii).
c) i) State the standard equation of a parabola whose focus is at (0, a)
and the equation of whose directrix is y=-a.
ii) Draw the graph of the parabola thus derived with respect to the xy co-ordinates axes. Clearly mark/ express on the graph, all the
97
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
d) i) State the standard equation of a parabola whose focus is at (0, -a)

and the equation of whose directrix is y=a.
ii) Draw the graph of the parabola thus derived with respect to the xy co-ordinates axes. Clearly mark/ express on the graph, all the
4.
a) Find the new equation of the parabola y 2=4ax if the vertex is shifted
to (,).
b) For the parabola obtained in (a), mark/express the following:
1) Focus
2)Vertex
3) Axis.
4) Directrix
6) Equation of the tangent at the vertex
5.
a) Write the condition for the line y=mx+c to be tangent to the
parabola y2=4ax. (Condition for tangency)
b) Explain the condition obtained in (a) as a condition for equal roots of
a quadratic equation.
c) Write the point of contact of the tangent y=mx+c with the parabola
y2=4ax.
d) Find the equation of the tangent with slope 2, to the parabola y 2=8x.
Also, find the point of contact of the tangent with the parabola.
6.
98
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
a) Write the parametric equation of the parabola y 2=4ax. What is the

parameter in the equation mentioned by you?
b) Write the parametric equation of the parabola x 2=4ay. What is the
parameter in the equation mentioned by you?
c) Write the parametric equation of the chord joining two points on the
parabola y2=4ax.
d) Write the parametric equation of the tangent drawn at a point on the
parabola y2=4ax.
7.
a) Write the parametric equation of an Ellipse.
b) What is the parameter in the equation mentioned by you and how is
it related to the auxillary circle of the Ellipse? The parametric angle
is also known as ______
c) Write the parametric equation of the chord joining two points on the
Ellipse
x2 y2
+ =1 .
a2 b2
d) Write the parametric equation of the tangent drawn at a point on the

Ellipse
x2 y2
+ =1 .
a2 b2
e) Write the parametric equation of the normal drawn at a point on the

Ellipse
x2 y2
+ 2 =1 .
2
a b
8.
a) Write the standard form of the equation of a Hyperbola.
99
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
b) How can you obtain the equation mentioned by you in (a) from the
standard form of the equation of an Ellipse.
c) Sketch the graph of the Hyperbola in (a) and mark/express on the
graph, the following points:
1) Foci
2)Vertices
3) Center
4) Axes. What are these axes called? What are the lengths of these
axes?
5) Directrices
6)A chord
7)A focal chord
10) Focal distances(focal radii) of a point (x,y). Write the expression
for the focal distances for the given point.
d) Express e(eccentricity) in terms of the Transverse and Conjugate
axes.
2
e) For the Hyperbola
x
y
=1 . Find all the parameters mentioned
9 27
in (c) and (d).
9.
a) List down the differences between the two Hyperbolas, one, whose
Transverse axis is along the x-axis and other, along the y-axis.
b) Express the equations of the two types of Hyperbola in (a) in terms
of the transverse and conjugate axes.
c) What is a rectangular Hyperbola? What condition should be met for a
Hyperbola to be termed as a rectangular Hyperbola?
d) Write the equation of the rectangular Hyperbola mentioned by you in

(d). Express the equation in parametric form.
100
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
e) Write the parametric form of the equation of the Hyperbola
x2 y2
=1 . Which is the parameter in the equation mentioned by
a2 b 2
you? How is it related to the auxillary circle of the Hyperbola?
10.Consider a Hyperbola
x2 y2
2 =1 with eccentricity e and its conjugate
2
a b
y2 x2
2 =1 with eccentricity e. then
2
b a
Let P be a point on the Hyperbola
1 1
+
e2 e ' 2 = _____
x2 y2
=1 , with its foci at S and S
a2 b 2
. Then ||SP|-|SP|| = _______
11.
a) Write the condition for the line y=mx+c to be tangent to the
Hyperbola
x2 y2
=1 . (Condition for tangency)
a2 b 2

c) Write the point of contact of the tangent y=mx+c with the
Hyperbola
x2 y2
=1.
a2 b 2
d) Find the equations of the tangents with slope 2, to the Hyperbola
x2 y2
=1 . Also, find the point of contact of the tangent with the
a2 b 2
Hyperbola.
12.
101
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
a) Define an Ellipse as the locus of a point. Also, prove that an Ellipse

is the locus of point which moved in such a way that the sum of its
distance from two fixed points is a constant.
b) Derive the equation of the Ellipse based on the definition in (a).
c) Sketch the graph of the Ellipse in (a) and mark/express on the graph,
the following points:
1) Foci
2)Vertices
3) Center
4) Axes. What are these axes called? What are the lengths of these
axes?
5) Directrices
6)A chord
7)A focal chord
8) Latus Rectum; What is the length of the Latus Rectum?
10) Focal distances (focal radii) of a point (x,y). Write the expression
for the focal distances for the given point.
d) Express e (eccentricity) in terms of the Major and Minor axes.
e) For the Ellipse
x2 y2
+ =1 . Find all the parameters mentioned in (c)
16 9
and (d).
f) For the Ellipse
x2 y2
+ =1 . Find all the parameters mentioned in (c)
9 16
and (d).
13.
a) List down the differences between the two Ellipses, one, whose
Major axis is along the x-axis and other, along the y-axis.
b) Express the equations of the two types of Ellipse in (a) in terms of
the Major and Minor axes.
c) Let P be a point on the Ellipse
x2 y2
+ 2 =1 , with its foci at S and S .
2
a b
Then |SP|+|SP| = _______
102
Class 11
Conics
14.Let P be a point on the Ellipse
Mathematics
x2 y2
+ =1 , with its foci at S and S &
a2 b2
vertices at A and A. Fill in the blanks:

a) The ratio of Area (SPS) : Area (APA) = _______
b) The maximum Area (SPS)= _______
c) The maximum Area (APA)= _______
15.
a) Write the condition for the line y=mx+c to be tangent to the Ellipse
x2 y2
+ 2 =1 . (Condition for tangency
2
a b

c) Write the point of contact of the tangent y=mx+c with the Ellipse
x2 y2
+ =1 .
a2 b2
d) Find the equations of the tangents with slope 2, to the Ellipse
2
x y
+ =1 . Also, find the point of contact of the tangent with the
9 16
Ellipse.
16.
a) What is a Director Circle of an Ellipse?
2
b) The equation of the Director Circle of the Ellipse
x y
+ =1 is
a2 b2
_____
103
Class 11
Conics
Mathematics
OPEN SUMMARY
104
COMPLEX
NUMBERS
Class 11
Complex numbers
Mathematics
designated space.
1. What do you understand by an imaginary number?
a) If x2=-1 then x=____
b) Explain the Geometrical representation of the solution obtained in
(a).
c) How a complex number (z) is expressed as a sum of a real number
(a) and an imaginary number (b)?
d) Express z= 2+3i on a two dimensional plane. What is this two
dimensional plane called? Which axes corresponds to a real axis and
imaginary axis respectively?
2.
a) Express 2+3i in term of the polar/Trigonometric form (rcos) + i (rsin
)
b) r in (a) is called ______ and is called _______
c) For a given complex, do we get the unique value of ? Explain your
answer.
d) Explain the Geometrical meaning of r and with an example.
e) For a purely real complex number, =____ or ______
f) For an imaginary complex number, =____ or ______
3. What do you mean by a closed set? Is the set of all complex numbers a
closed set?
a) If z1= a+ib and z2= c+id then write the expression for z 1 + z2
104
Class 11
Complex numbers
Mathematics
b) Explain the geometrical representation of z 1 + z2 on an Argand

Plane.
c) What length does | z1 + z2| represent?
d) If z1= a+ib and z2= c+id then write the expression for z 1 - z2
e) Explain the geometrical representation of z 1 - z2 on an Argand Plane.
f) What length does | z1 - z2| represent?
g) Express and explain the triangle inequalities law from (c) & (f)
4. Prove geometrically that 2(|z1|2+|z1|2)=|z1+z2|2 + |z1-z2|2
5. Evaluate the following:
a) (2+4i) + (5-6i) =
b) (2+4i) - (5-6i) =
6.
a) If z1= a+ib and z2= c+id then write the expression for z1 z2 in x+iy
form.
b) Explain the geometrical representation of z 1 z2 on an Argand Plane.
Did you use the concept of similar triangles to explain the proof?
c) What happens to the Moduli of two complex numbers when they are
multiplied?
d) What happens to the Arguments of two complex numbers when they
are multiplied?
7.
a) If z1= a+ib and z2= c+id then write the expression for z1/z2 in x+iy
form.
b) Explain the geometrical representation of z 1 /z2 on an Argand Plane.
Did you use the concept of similar triangles to explain the proof?
c) What happens to the Moduli of two complex numbers when they are
divided?
d) What happens to the Arguments of two complex numbers when they
are divided?
105
Class 11
Complex numbers
Mathematics
8.
a) Write the conjugate of the 3+5i.
b) How are the complex number and its conjugate related to one
another geometrically?
c) State
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
xi)
xii)
True/False
If z is purely real, then z=z.
If z is purely Imaginary, then z=-z.
For any complex number z, |z| = |z|
For any complex number z, Arg(z) = Arg(z)
For any complex number z, |z+z|= 2Re(z)
For any complex number z, Arg (z+z) =
For any complex number z, |z-z|= Im(z)
For any complex number z, Arg (z+z) = /2
For any complex number z, |zz|= |z|2
For any complex number z, Arg (zz) = 0
For any complex number z, |z/z|= 1
For any complex number z, Arg ( z/z) = 2 Arg (z)
xiii)
For any two complex numbers z1& z2,
z 1+ z 2
xiv)
For any two complex numbers z1& z2,
z 1z
2 = z1-z2
xv)
For any two complex numbers z1& z2, ,
xvi)
For any two complex numbers z1& z2, ,
z 1z 2 = z1z2
z / z
xvii)
For any two complex numbers z1& z2, Arg ( z 1z 2
Arg (z2)
xviii) For any two complex numbers z1& z2, Arg (
= z1+z2
= z1/z2
z 1/ z
)= -Arg (z1)
)= Arg (z1)
Arg (z2)
9.
a) Explain why Re(z) -|z|?
b) Explain why Im(z) -|z|?
106
Class 11
c)
Complex numbers
Mathematics
State and explain (geometrically) the condition when:

i) |z1 + z2| = | z1| + |z2|
ii) | z1 - z2| = | z1| - |z2|
10.Let z & w be complex numbers such that z + iw =0 and Arg (z.w)=,

then find the value of Arg(z).
11.Explain the effect of i on the rotation of complex number.
12.Find the square root of 8+15i. Explain the solution obtained
geometrically.
13.Express the complex number z= r(cos + isin) in Eulers Form.
14.Write the Euler form of z= 1+i
15.Prove (cos+ isin)n = (cos(n) + isin(n)) by using Eulers form. What
is the name of this theorem?
Using De Moivres Theorem, find the cube roots of unity.
16.Let the cube roots of unity be 1, and 2 be the three cube roots of
unity. Fill the blanks:
a) 3= ____
b) 1++2= _____
17.If 3+a +(4-b)i = 9+ 6i, then a = ___ and b =____
18.Solve |z|2-2i|z|+2c(1+i)=0.
19.Express loge( -1/2 + i3/2) as a+ib.
20.Explain the concept of rotation when two complex numbers z 1 and z2
are multiplied.
107
Class 11
Complex numbers
Mathematics
OPEN SUMMARY
108
LIMITS
CONTINUITY
AND
DIFFERENTIAB
ILITY
Class 11
Limits continuity and differentiability
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO LIMITS
1. Why cant we determine the value of the function
x2 2
f ( x)
x2
at
x2
2. What is the difference between the value of function at a and limiting

value of function at a.
Use the above concept to find the limiting value of function
x2 2
f ( x)
x2
at
x2
3. What do you understand by the terms right hand limit (RHL) and left
hand limit (LHL)?
And hence define the relation between RHL and LHL for existence of
limit?
4. Why Signum function is not continuous at
x2
Give one example of a function other than Signum function whose limit
does not exist at
x0
5. Plot the graph of following known function and hence discuss the
existence of limit at a given point.
a)
b)
y cot x at x 0
y e x at x 0
109
Class 11
y e x at x 0
c)
d)
e)
y x at x 0
, where
, where
x
x
Mathematics
represents greatest integer function.
represents the fractional part of x.
y Sinx at x 0
y x at x 0
f)
x
, where
represents the modulus function of x.
SUBTOPIC: ALGEBRA OF LIMITS,

INDETERMINANT FORM, FACTORIZATION
f ( x) and g ( x)
1. For functions
whose limit exists at
Complete the following identities:
xa
Lim f ( x ) g ( x) _____ _____
1)
2)
3)
xa
Lim f ( x ) g ( x) _____ _____

x a
Lim f ( x ). g ( x) _____ _____

xa
f ( x)
________ . ( for g ( x) 0)
g ( x)
Lim
x a
4)
5)
6)
Lim f ( x) g ( x ) _________ .
xa
Lim Logf ( x) _________

xa
Lim
Lim f ( x ) ,
If
x0
x 0
then write the value of
1
________,
f ( x)
110
Class 11
2. If
f ( x) g ( x )
f ( x) and g ( x),
for all real domain of
then prove that
Lim f ( x) Lim g ( x)
x a
Mathematics
f ( x) and g ( x)
x a
. Give at-least one such example of

to
3. What do you mean by indeterminate form in limits? Justify your answer

Also write all the possible indeterminate forms that you can think of.
4. Does there exist a real value of a such that
5. Find the value of
a0 1
x 2 24 x 16
Lim 2
x 0
x
2
x
12
using factorization/rationalization.
Also mention the type of indeterminate form for the limit.
Lim
h 0
xh x
6. Find the value of

using factorization/rationalization.
Also mention the type of indeterminate form for the limit.
SUBTOPIC: STANDARD EXPANSIONS AND

STANDARD LIMITS. LIMITS TENDING TO
INFINITY AND SEQUENTIAL LIMITS, SANDWICH
THEOREM, LHOSPITAL RULE
1. Write the expansion of following transcendental functions:
a)
b)
c)
Log e x ___________________________________________________
ex
sin x
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
111
Class 11
d)
cos x
Mathematics
___________________________________________________
e ix cos x i sin x
And hence prove that

where i represents the iota.
(A very important theorem that we have studied in complex numbers)
e)
tan x
___________________________________________________
2. Prove the value of following standard limits:

(Important results for problem solving)
Lim
x 0
a)
sin x
1
x
b)
tan x
1
x
Lim
x 0
Lim
x 0
c)
cos x
does not exist
x
d)
Log (1 x)
1
x
Lim
x 0
e)
a x 1
Log e a
Lim
x 0
x
g)
sin 1 x
Lim
1
x 0
x
f)
xn an
Lim
x a
xa
h)
112
Class 11
Lim
x 0
Mathematics
tan 1 x
1
x
Lim (1 x)1 / x e
i)
j)
1
Lim (1 ) x e
x
x
Lim
x 0
3. Prove that value of
Lim
x 0
Hence prove that
sin nx
x
tan nx
x
is equal to n.
is also equal to n.
4. Evaluate the following limits:
nx
3
Lim 3
x0
2x
sin
a)
Lim x x 2 x
d)
Lim
x 0
b)
Lim
x0
e)
sin cos x
x2
2
( x 1)( 2 x 1)
x2
n
nx
tan 1
Lim
x0
c)
f)
13 23 33 43 ........... n3
x 0
(n 2 1) 2
Lim
5. State the Sandwich theorem. Justify with a suitable example.

(Explain with the help of graph of functions)
6. What is L-Hospitals rule?
113
Class 11
Mathematics
Can you try to prove the same?

(If you are not able to prove it then dont worry you surely will at the end of
this chapterl)
7. Write the value of following limits using L-Hospitals rule
Lim
x 0
a)
tan 1
Lim
x 0
d)
Lim
x 0
xh x
h
Lim
x 0
b)
xn an
xa
c)
x
2
nx
x x2 x
Lim
x
2
x
Lim
x0
e)
( x 11)( x 11)
5x 2
f)
x cos x log( 1 x )
x2
SUBTOPIC: BASICS OF CONTINUITY, TYPES OF

DISCONTINUITY, ALGEBRA OF CONTINUOUS
FUNCTIONS
1. Graph of a continuous function has to be drawn without lifting the tip of
the pen. Justify the statement.
2. For a function f(x) to be continuous at x =a write the relation between
Lim f (x)
x a
f (a )
and
Can you explain the relation graphically?
114
Class 11
3. Check whether the function

(Where
f ( x) x
is continuous at
x a.
Mathematics
(constant)
represent the greatest integer function.)
4. What is the difference between removable type discontinuity and non removable type discontinuity? Give one example of each to support
your answer.
x R 0
x 1
x2
f ( x)
0
5. If
then
a) Find the value of x at which above function is discontinuous.
b) Also mention type of discontinuity it has.
x
1
cos
f ( x)
x R 0
x0
6. If
then
a) Find the value of x at which above function is discontinuous.
b) Is the discontinuity for above function is removable, if not then
mention which type of non-removable discontinuity it has?
f ( x) and g ( x)
7. If
statements:
a)
b)
are continuous at
f ( x ) g ( x)
f ( x ) g ( x)
x a,
will be continuous at
d)
f ( x)
g ( x)
xa
f ( x ) .g ( x)
c)
then justify the following
xa
xa
xa
for
g ( x) 0
115
Class 11
f ( g ( x ))
e)
f ( x)
8. If
Mathematics
xa
x
x
then discuss the continuity at
x0
SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO
DIFFERENTIABLITY, RELATION BETWEEN
DIFFERENTIABILITY AND CONTINUITY
116
Class 11
Mathematics
1. Answer the following true false questions basis on continuity and

differentiability of
f ( x) at x a.
f (x)
a) If
is continuous at
x a,
f (x)
b) If
is differentiable at
then it is differentiable at
x a,
then it is continuous at
xa
xa
.
.
f (x)
c) There is no relation between continuity and differentiability of
at
x a.
d) If two tangents can be drawn at a given point

differentiable at
x a,
x a.
then function is
2. Explain graphically how slope is related with the differentiation of

function at a given point. Take a suitable example to support your
answer.
f (x)
3. Write all the conditions for which given function
differentiable at
x a.
will be
f ( x) x at x 0.
Hence discuss the differentiability of
117
Class 11
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: DERIVATIVE OF SIMPLE

FUNCTIONS, ALGEBRA OF DERIVATIVES
sin x
1. Prove that differentiation of

is
operator as explained in the video.
Also prove that differentiation of
ax
cos x
is
using the differentiation
a x ln a
2. Write the differentiation of following standard functions:
a)
c)
, b)
d
tan x
dx
d
sec x
dx
d)
d)
d
cos x
dx
d n
x
dx
e)
d x
e
dx
d
ln x
dx
3. The displacement equation of the particle with respect to time is
s t4 t2 1
. Find the velocity and acceleration of the particle at
t 3 sec .
118
Class 11
Mathematics
f ( x) and g ( x)
4. If
are differentiable then complete right hand side of
equations mention below:
d
( f ( x) g ( x)) _____ _____
dx
a)
d
( f ( x) g ( x)) _____ _____
dx
b)
d
f ( x).g ( x) __________ __________
dx
c)
d f ( x)
_______________
dx g ( x)
d)
d
f ( g ( x) ____________
dx
e)
5. Write the first derivative of following functions:
a)
c)
e)
g)
d
sin x cos x
dx
d x
e ln x
dx
b)
d x
e . ln x
dx
d)
d
ln x 2
dx
d 2x 3

dx x 2
d
sec x tan x
dx
f)
h)
ln x 2
dx
d x 3 cos x

dx
cot x
119
Class 11
i)
Mathematics
d
1 cos x (1 tan x)
dx
OPEN SUMMARY
120
STATISTICS
Class 11
Statistics
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: CONCEPTS
1. What do you understand by the word STATISTICS. Give example how
statistics is used/ applied in practical world?
2. Write the definition/formula of following means as explained in the
video:
a) Arithmetic Mean:
b) Geometric Mean:
c) Harmonic Mean:
d) Median:
e) Mode:
Explain which mean (from above five means) is the most relevant for
proper analysis. Justify your answer with a suitable practical example.
3.
a) Define Discrete grouped data and the terms used in it. Explain with
a suitable example.
b) Define continuous grouped data and the terms used in it. Explain
c) Also explain why discrete grouped data gives better analysis

compare to continuous grouped data.
119
Class 11
Statistics
Mathematics
d) Now if discrete grouped data give better analysis, then explain why
we even discuss the continuous grouped data. Give a suitable
example to support your answer.
4. Find the Mean, Median and Mode for the given Ungrouped data.
1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1,-1,3, -7, -10, -10, -12, -15
5. Find the Mean, Median and Mode of the given Discrete Grouped data.
Xi
Fi
3
3
6
4
9
5
12
2
15
5
6. Find the Mean, Median and Mode of the given Continuous Grouped data.
Xi
Fi
0-10
12
10-20
18
20-30
27
30-40
20
40-50
17
50-60
6
7. What do you mean by Assumed mean and Step-deviation? How

does this help in finding the mean of continuous grouped data?
Hence find the mean of data which was given in previous problem
using Step-deviation method.
(Verify whether you are getting the same answer or different)
8. Define different types of Deviations that can be determined for the data
x1, x2, x3,.xn
a) Mean Deviation about a:
b) Variance about a:
c) Standard Deviation about a:
d) Range:
e) Quartile Deviation:
9. How is Standard deviation different from the Mean deviation? Give one
example for each which shows importance of one over the other in
analysis of data.
10.Find following quantities for the data 3, 5, 9, 5, 4, 3, and 1.
120
Class 11
Statistics
Mathematics
a) Mean Deviation about Mean:
b) Mean Deviation about Mode:

c) Standard deviation about mean:
d) Standard deviation about Mode:
e) Coefficient of Standard Deviation:
11.Find following quantities for the data:
Xi
Fi
0-10
12
10-20
18
20-30
27
30-40
20
40-50
17
50-60
6
a) Mean Deviation about Mean:

b) Mean Deviation about Mode:
c) Standard deviation about mean:
d) Standard deviation about Mode:
e) Coefficient of Standard Deviation:
_
12.If
is the mean and
x1 , x 2 , x3 ,.........., x n
is the variance of n observations
then write the mean, variance and standard deviation
of following data:
a)
b)
x1 a, x 2 a, x3 a,.........., x n a
ax1 , ax2 , ax3 ,.........., ax n
13.The mean and standard deviation of six observations are 8 and 4

respectively. If each observation is multiplied by 3, then find the mean
and new standard deviation of the resulting observations.
121
Class 11
Statistics
Mathematics
OPEN SUMMARY
122
PROBABILITY
Class 11
Probability
Mathematics
1. What are the two approaches to Probability? Explain these approaches
with the help of a suitable example.
2. What were the limitations to these approaches?
3. What is the axiomatic approach to probability? Explain with the help of
a suitable example.
4. What do you understand by a random experiment? Give an example.
5. What do you mean by sample space of an experiment?
6. Write the sample space when two coins are tossed.
123
Class 11
Probability
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: EVENTS AND TYPES OF EVENTS

1. What is an event?
2. List down the event when atleast one head is obtained on tossing of two
coins.
3. What are the types of events?
4. State an example, other than the one mentioned in the video, for each
of the following:
a) A Sure event
b) An impossible event
c) A simple event
d) A compound event
5. Fill in the blanks:
a) P(Sure Event) = _____
b) P(Impossible Event) = ______
6. What do you mean by exhaustive events?
SUBTOPIC: OPERATION ON SETS

124
Class 11
Probability
Mathematics
1. Represent the event A OR B on a Venn Diagram.

2. Represent the event A AND B on a Venn Diagram.
3. Represent the event A - B on a Venn Diagram.
4. When two events are called Mutually Exclusive events? Represent two
mutually exclusive sets A and B on a Venn Diagram. What were these
sets called in set theory parlance?
SUBTOPIC: AXIOMATIC APPROACH TO

PROBABILITY
125
Class 11
Probability
Mathematics
1. What do you understand by equally likely events? Explain with the

help of a suitable example.
2. Fill in the blanks:
a) The axiomatic approach defines probability as a ______________
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
function P(E).
The domain of the probability function is __________
The range of the probability function is __________
P(S) = _______
If Event E and F are mutually exclusive events then P(EF) = _______
If Event E and F are mutually exclusive events then P(EUF)-P(E)-P(F)
g)
h)
i)
j)
= _______
P(not E) = _______
For any two events E and F, P(EUF) = P(E) + P(F) - ______
If events E and F are exhaustive events, then P(EUF) = _______
If E1 , E2 are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events then P(E 1) +
P(E2) = _______
k) P() = _______
SUBTOPIC: PROBABILITY OF DIFFERENT

TYPES OF EVENTS
1. How many card are there in a deck of cards.
a) Name the suits and mention their colour.
b) How many cards are there in each suit?
126
Class 11
Probability
Mathematics
2. Answer the following question for a deck of a playing cards:

a) What is the probability of selecting a 7 of heart card? What kind of
an event is this?
b) What is the probability of selecting a red or black card? What kind of
an event is this?
c) What is the probability of selecting a blue card? What kind of an
event is this?
d) What is the probability of selecting a red card? What kind of an
event is this?
e) What is the probability of selecting a black card? How is this event
related to the event in (d)?
f) What is the probability of selecting a spade card OR diamond card?
g) What is the probability of selecting a King (AND) Club card?
h) What is the probability of selecting a black card but not a 5 card?
i) What is the probability of selecting a spade card?
j) What is the probability of selecting a Diamond card? Are the events
in (i) & (j) mutually exclusive?
k) What is the probability of selecting a spade card OR a diamond card
OR a club card OR a heart card? Are these events exhaustive
events?
OPEN SUMMARY
127
Class 11
Probability
Mathematics
128
INTRODUCTI
ON TO
THREE
DIMENSIONA
L GEOMETRY
Class 11
Mathematics
Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry
SUBTOPIC: CONCEPTS
1. Draw three dimensional co-ordinate axes.
2. How many octants do these co-ordinate axes divide the Three
dimensional space?
3. Write the sign scheme (sign of (x, y, z)) for these octants below:
I
II
II
IV
VI
VII
VIII
X
Y
z
4.
a) Write the expression for the distance of (x,y,z) from x-axis.
b) Write the expression for the distance of (x,y,z) from y-axis.
c) Write the expression for the distance of (x,y,z) from z-axis.
d) Write the expression for the distance of (x,y,z) from xy-plane.
e) Write the expression for the distance of (x,y,z) from yz-plane.
f) Write the expression for the distance of (x,y,z) from zx-plane.
5. Derive the expression for the distance of a point (x,y,z) from origin.
6. Write the co-ordinates of the point P which divides the line joining of A
(x1,y1,z1) and B(x2,y2,z2) in the ratio of m:n.
7. Find whether the points A(-2,3,5), B (1,2,3) and C(7,0,1) are collinear
using:
a) Distance formula
b) Section formula
129
Class 11
Mathematics
8. Do the points A(3,6,9), B (10,20,30) and C(25,-41,5) forms a right angle

triangle?
9. What type of triangle is formed by A(0,7,-10), B(1,6,-6), C (4, 9,-6)?
10.Find the locus of a point which is equidistant from the point (1,2,3) and
(3,2-1).
11.What figure is obtained if A(-1,2,1), B(1,-2,5), C(4,-7,8) and D(2,-3,4) are
joined?
12.Find orthocenter and circumcentre of the triangle whose vertices are
A(1,2,3), B(2,3,1), C(3,1,2)
13.Find the perimeter and the area of the triangle whose vertices are
A(2,5,3), B(5,3,2) and C(3,2,5).
14.
a) What are harmonic conjugates?
b) Calculate the ratio in which P(2,3,4) divides the line joining of A(3,2,2), B (6, -17, -4).
c) Write the harmonic conjugate of point P in (b).
15.Find the point that divides the line joining of A(1,-2,3) and B(3,4,5) in
the ratio of 2:3
a) Internally
b) Externally
16.In what ratio does y-z plane divide the line joining of A (4,8,10), B
(6,10,-8)? Also find the point of division.
17.Consider the points A(3,2,-4), B(5,4,-6) and C(9,8,-10). In what ratio
does B divide the line joining of A and C?
18.Find the points of trisection of the points A(4, 2, -6) and B (10, -16, 6).
19.The centroid of a triangle ABC is (1, 1, 1). Given the vertices A(3,-5,7)
and B(-1,7,6) then find the vertex C.
130
Class 11
Mathematics
20.The vertices of a tetrahedron are A(-2,3,4), B(3,-4,2) , C(2,-5,2) and

D(a,b,c) .The centroid of the tetrahedron is (0, -1, 5/2). Find the value of
a+b-c.
21.Consider the points A(0,0,0) B(0,b,0) C(0,0,c). Find the point P which is
equidistant from A, B and C.
22.Consider the points A(2, -1, 1), B(1,-3,-5) and C(3,-4,-4). Find the
circumradius of the triangle ABC.
23.Consider the points A(2, 1, 5), B(3,2,3) and C(4,0,4). Find the distance
between the orthocenter and the circumcenter of the triangle ABC.
24.The midpoints of the sides of a triangle are D( 2,1,3) , E(3,2,5) and
F(1,2,4). Find the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle ABC.
25.The orthocenter of triangle ABC is (-3,5,2) and the circumcenter is
(6,2,5). Find the co-ordinates of the centroid of the triangle.
26.Consider the point A(4,7,8) , B(2,3,4) and C(2,5,7). Find the foot of the
median of the triangle ABC drawn from point A.
27.The vertices of a triangle are A(0,2,3), B (2,-1,5) and C (3,0,-3). Find the
distance between the orthocenter and the circumcenter.
131
Class 11
Mathematics
OPEN SUMMARY
132
MATHEMATIC
AL
REASONING
Class 11
Mathematical reasoning
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: CONCEPTS
1. What is a sentence?
Also List the types of sentences? Illustrate each with the help of suitable
examples.
2. What is a statement? When can a sentence be termed as a statement?
Hence identify statements from the following:
a) The month of December has 30 days.
b) x+2 = 9
c) Is it going to rain today?
d) May you live long!
e) Please complete your homework before you come to the class.
3. Write the negation of the following:
a) Hyderabad is the capital of Andhra Pradesh.
b) 4 is prime number.
4. Write the truth table for a statement p and its negation ~p
5. What is a compound statement?
a) Define Conjunction. Give a suitable example.
b) Which is the connective used in a conjunction?
c)
How a conjunction is symbolically represented?
d) Write the truth table for a conjunction p ^ q.

6.
133
Class 11
Mathematics
a) Define Disjunction. Give a suitable example.

b) Clearly distinguish between inclusive OR and exclusive OR, with a
suitable example.
c) Which is the connective used in a disjunction?
d) How a disjunction is symbolically represented?
e) Write the truth table for a disjunction p q.
7. What are Quantifiers? State two quantifiers and explain their application
using a suitable example.
8. What do you mean by Implication?
a) What are the types of Implications? Explain each with a suitable
example.
b) Distinguish between conditional and Bi-conditional statements by
using a suitable example.
9.
a) In IF-THEN implication p-> q, p is called the _________ and q is called
the ___________
b) Write the truth table for IF-THEN implication p->q. What is the only
condition when is p->q FALSE?
c) Fill in the blanks:
i)
The converse of p->q is _____
ii)
The inverse of p->q is _____
iii)
The contrapositive of p->q is _____
d) Write the truth table for Bi-conditional statement p<->q.
e) What are Equivalent statements?
f) State TRUE/FALSE for the following:
i) p->q is equivalent to ~q
ii)
p->q is equivalent to ~p->~q
iii) p->q is not equivalent to ~pq

iv) ~(p->q) is equivalent to (p~q)
134
Class 11
Mathematics
v) ~(pq) is equivalent to (~p~q)

vi) ~(pq) is equivalent to (~p~q)
vii) (p->q)(p->r) is equivalent to p->(qr)
viii) (p->r)(q->r) is equivalent to (pq)->r
ix)pp is not equivalent to ~p
x) p p is equivalent to p
g) What is a tautology? Give an example of a statement which is a
tautology. Write a truth table for a tautology.
h) What is a Contradiction/Fallacy? Give an example of a statement
which is a contradiction. Write a truth table for a contradiction.
10.If x3 + 4x = 0 , for x R , then x=0. Prove the validity of this

implication by :
a) Direct Method
b) Contrapositive Method
c) Contradiction Method
11.Prove that 2 is Irrational number by method of contradiction.
12.Using truth table verify that p~q is equivalent to ~(p->q)
13.Using truth table verify that q~p is equivalent to ~(p->q)
14.Write the negation statement for If I become a teacher, then I will open
a school.
15.State TRUE/FALSE for the following:
a) ~(p<->~q) is equivalent to p<->q
b) ~(p<->~q) is a tautology.
OPEN SUMMARY
135
Class 11
Mathematics
136
PLAY WITH
GRAPHS
Class 11
Play with graphs
Mathematics
designated space.
SUBTOPIC: ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS

1. Plot the graph of following Algebraic functions:
a)
f ( x) x 3
h( x ) x
b)
g ( x) x 4
c)
Answer the following True/False questions based on above functions:

a)
b)
c)
d)
f ( x ) g ( x) for x (1,1)
h( x ) g ( x) f ( x) for x 1.
g ( x ) h( x) for x (0,1)
h( x ) f ( x ) g ( x ) for x (1,0)
2. Plot the graph of following Algebraic functions:

b)
f ( x) x 3
h( x ) x
b)
g ( x) x 4
c)
137
Class 11
Play with graphs
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS

1. What do you mean by transcendental functions? Give a suitable
example to support your answer.
f ( x) Sinx and g ( x) Cosx
2. Plot the graph of

, and hence show how one
graph can be obtained from other as explained in the video.
Cosx and Secx

3. We know that
are reciprocal of each other. Justify the same
by comparing the graphs of both the trigonometric ratios.
4. Plot the graphs of
f ( x) e x and g ( x) Log e x
and hence prove that one
graph is the mirror image of other with respect to straight line
yx
138
Class 11
Play with graphs
Mathematics
SUBTOPIC: TRANSFORMATIONS
1. Plot the graphs of following functions:
(Use concept of translation of graphs as explained in the video)
a)
y ( x 5) 2
b)
y 5 ( x 5) 2
c)
y ( x 5) 3
e)
y Sin ( x )
f)
y Co sec( x )
g)
y Cot ( x 2 )

(Use the concept of translation and shrinking as explained in the video)
a)
y 3Sin 2 x
y 3Co sec
e)
y 4Cot
b)
x
4
c)
x
2
ye
2 y Log e
x
2
f)
x
2
g)
y 5e x 5
139
Class 11
Play with graphs
Mathematics

(Use the concept of translation, shrinking and flipping as explained in
the video)
y Sin 2 x
a)
b)
y Log e ( x)
c)
y e x 5
y ( x 5)
e)
2( y ) Log e
f)
g)
y Cot
4. Plot the graphs of following functions involving Modulus:

(Use the concept of translation, shrinking and flipping as explained in
the video)
y Sin 2 x
y Log e ( x)
a)
b)
y x 2 2x 1
c)
y ( x 5)
e)
2( y ) Log e
f)
g)
y Cot
5. Plot the graphs of following functions involving Greatest Integer and

Fractional Part of x:
a)
y x2
b)
y 2 ex
c)
y x 2 x 1
2
140
Class 11
Play with graphs
e)
y x 5
f)
y e x 2
Mathematics
g)
y Cot
OPEN SUMMARY
141

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INEQUALITIE

Inequalities, Modulus and Logarithms

SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO INEQUALITIES,

. Find the solution for both the

as explained in the video.

( x 0.5)( x 0.5)( x 3)( x 7)

Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd.

respectively. Then find the value of

Inequalities, Modulus and Logarithms

6. Find the solution of the following Inequalities:

( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)( x 4) 0

( x 1)( x 1)( x 2)( x 2) 0

b) Find the number of solutions of the equation

, then find the minimum integral value of y.

9. Find the value of x for which the following expressions attain

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Inequalities, Modulus and Logarithms

10.Find the value of x at which the following expressions attains the

, then prove that

for all possible values of x and

, then use the relation between AM, GM and

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Inequalities, Modulus and Logarithms

4. If a, b, c are positive and unequal then prove that

1. Can you justify why

and write the maximum and

3. Hence plot the graphs of following functions, also mention the

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Inequalities, Modulus and Logarithms

and hence write the zero(s) of the given

5. Write the solution(s) of the given Equation/In-equation involving

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Inequalities, Modulus and Logarithms

SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO LOGARITHMS,

2. Define the terms y, a, x used in a logarithmic function

True/False based on variables involved in above Logarithmic function:

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Inequalities, Modulus and Logarithms

Log a (m n) ______ ______

5. Solve the following problems based on Logarithmic properties:

, then find the value of b.

, then prove that

5. Write the solution(s) of the given Inequations involving Logarithmic

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Inequalities, Modulus and Logarithms

Log 7 Log 0.5 x 5 x 0

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Inequalities, Modulus and Logarithms

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SUBTOPIC: INTRODUCTION, SETS AND

d) Solution set of the equation

e) Set of vowels of English alphabets.

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c) (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Punjab ..)

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SUBTOPIC: TYPES OF SETS

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Representation of Sets using Venn Diagrams

A ( x : x R and x satisfy x 2 8 x 12 0),

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SUBTOPIC: OPERATIONS ON SETS

3. Define Compliment of a given set. Explain using suitable example.

( A B)' A' B'

Log a (m n)