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RELATIVE

WHAT ARE THEY?


RELATIVE clauses give essential
or additional information to
define, identify or have
additional knowledge about the
person or thing we are talking
about
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1. WHO is used for people when the pronoun
is the subject of the clause. If it is the object
it can be omitted.
The teacher who came to school this year is
from Ireland
The teacher (Whom) you saw yesterday at
school is from Ireland
2. WHOM is used for people when the
pronoun is the object of the clause (though it
can normally be omitted.
3. WHOSE is used for the possessive case.
Anna, whose sister works in my office, is
getting married.
Sometimes you can use with instead.
The boy whose arm is broken is very clever
The boy with the broken arm is very clever.
4. WHICH is used for things, subject or
object of the clause. If it is the object it can
be omitted.
The book which is on the table is the one
(which) you lent me.
6. THAT is more common and is used for
people and things, subject or object, after
superlatives and after indefinite pronouns
(something, all, everythingetc.
He is the best football player that Ive ever
seen

HOW MANY ARE THERE?

2. NON-DEFINNING.

1.DEFINING.

. They dont identify the


people or things we are
talking about, but give
additional information. They
are essentially found in
written form.

They are used to


identify the person or
thing we are talking
about.
The man who is sitting next
to Alex is a friend of mine
The programme which is
about wild life is on
tonight

Alex, who used to be a football


player, is now a teacher in my
school
Madrid, which is the city where I
live, is the capital of Spain

The relative pronoun


can be omitted when it
is the object of the
clause.

. They are placed between


commas, or appear at the
end.

I bought the house (which)

. In all cases a relative


pronoun is required. They

3. CO-ORDINATING
. They refer to the whole of the main clause and the only
pronoun ever used is WHICH.
She speaks very fast, which makes it hard to understand what
she says.
. WHAT can be used with the meaning (the thing
which) when there is no antecedent (i.e. no noun or
pronoun to which it refers)
I didnt understand what she said
USE OF RELATIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS.
In formal style prepositions are placed before the
pronoun:
The person to whom I spoke was my uncle
In informal stile it is more common to move the
preposition to the end:

The person (whom /who) I spoke to was my uncle


The woman I told you about is very hardworking
The people you were at dinner with last night are very good
1. DECIDE WHETER THE FOLLOWIN SENTENCES ARE DEFININIG, NON -DEFINING OR
COORDINATING. Write commas when necessary

7. WHEN AND WHERE are relative adverbs.

1. Alan whose job involves travelling a lot has already been to all countries in Europe.
2. The house I have just rented is near my office.
3. He offered me to let me stay in his house which was very kind of him.
4. This is the new teacher that I told you about.
5. Madonna who is a well-known singer is over 50.
6. You can visit London by boat which is pleasant.
7. That is the woman who complained about the room service
8. The part of the city where I live is very noisy which makes it difficult to sleep at night.
9. The person who is sitting next to me is not very clever.
10. For my birthday I was given a present which I didnt like.

2. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH A


SUITABLE RELATIVE PRONOUN OR ADVERB

3. JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE


PRONOUNS OMIT THE PRONOUN IF POSSIBLE. ADD
COMMAS IF NECESSARY.

1.That is the man ______________ helped me when I


REVIEW
couldnt find the street.
My school is very big. It is in Madrid.
1. I told her that she had been very rude. This annoyed her very much.
2.Is that your house? No, mine is the one ______ is on
My school _____________________________ is very big.
the corner. ___________________________________________________________________
I bought this cake yesterday. It is delicious.
3.That is the2.girl
_________________
failed
five subjects
The
woman is a famous
doctor.
Her husband is a member of our club.
The cake ____________________________is delicious.
this term.
___________________________________________________________________
Anna is a nurse. Her father is a doctor.
4.This is the place ________________we first met. Do you
remember? 3. My grandmother is very old. She can hardly walk.
Anna_________________________ is a nurse.
5.So, Peter is___________________________________________________________________
the man _______________daughter is
I bought a TV set last month. It doesn't work properly.
coming to my
thiswhole
year. matter to the headmaster but he said it wasnt his business.
4. school
I told the
The TV_________________________ doesn't work properly.
6.If you have___________________________________________________________________
any question, ask the girl ________ is
standing at the desk. She'll help you.
Mr Dale is a very famous doctor. We visited him last
5. Her sister always helps him with his homework. He
likes this a lot.
week.
7.They had to put away the dog___________ bit the boy.
___________________________________________________________________
It was too dangerous.
Mr Dale ________________________is a very famous
doctor
6.
The
children
were
very
afraid
of
lightning.
They
live
opposite our house
9.I'm looking for a person ___________ name begins with
a "k".

Peter
has a new dog. It is very friendly.
___________________________________________________________________
10.Do you still
go to thatstole
Caf the
_____________
we used
The
new
dogwell.
__________________________ is very
7. Someone
TV last night.
They to
knew the
house
very
go as students?
friendly.
___________________________________________________________________
11.The heating is not working. Do you know anyone
Helen is the woman. She took me to hospital when I
8. can
Thatfix
oldit?man thinks women should stay at home.felt
Hesick.
has outworn ideas.
______________
___________________________________________________________________
12.Jim, _______________
I've known for years, is my best
Mrs Kelly is the woman_____________________
friend.
9. We trusted him. This was a silly thing to do.
13.My new coat,__________________ I bought in New York,
___________________________________________________________________
B. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH
is very warm and comfortable.
10. Margaret was in love with Peter. She did not want
to tell him.
PREPOSITIONS
4. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. OMIT THE
PRONOUN WHERE
POSSIBLE
___________________________________________________________________
1. The ball is very small. We are playing with that ball.
Paul is a friend
ofwearing
my sons.
Hes
playing football on the backyard.
1. The dress11.
is beautiful.
Anne is
the
dress.
___________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
12.isThe
next
doorspeaking
often go to
out
for dinner. 2.
They
quite
wealthy.
Theare
knife
is very
sharp. We cut bread with the knife.
2. The person
not people
very kind.
I was
that
person.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
______________________________________
13. The little girls are my daughters. Theyre playing with their dolls.
3. The man works in my office. I gave the book to him.
3. The music___________________________________________________________________
is horrible. The new band is playing the
music.
___________________________________
14. Everything went according to plan. This pleased them a lot.
______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. The actor won the Oscar. You were telling me about
4. The man has gone to London. He was here yesterday
him yesterday.
15. He is going to marry a girl. She is an English teacher.
______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
5. Women are to be admired. Women work in hospitals.
16. I offered them my help. They rejected it.
______________________________________
5. The boy hit Peter on the head. You were speaking to
___________________________________________________________________
6. The document has no signature. We received the
him.
17. Chess is quite a difficult game. More and more people are learning to play it.
document yesterday
___________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
7. The car is18.
very
big.
You are
driving
it.
dirty. You are drinking out of it.
That
person
wants
to study
history. You spoke6.toThe
herglass
at theismeeting
______________________________________
__________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
8. The street is very wide. You live in this street
Hereold.
comes the girl. Everybody makes fun of her.
19. Helen plays the piano brilliantly. She is only 97.
years
______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
9. The girl has left the room. I was talking to her mother.
20. The sweets are delicious. I bought them yesterday
8. The book is mine. I am looking for it.
______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________

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