431 203 Physical Metallurgy II

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-
(The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram)
1.

(Introduction)
(Constituent)
Ingot Iron

0.012

0.017

0.005

0.025

Ingot Iron
(Tensile Strength)
40000 (psi)
(Elongation)
40

Rockwell B
30
(Iron) (Allotropic) (Lattice
Structure) 1
(Cooling Curve) 1
(Solidified) 2800F (1538C) Body-Centered
Cubic (BCC) (-Iron)
2554F (1400C)
Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
(-Iron) (Non-Magnetic)
1666F (910C) FCC
Non-Magnetic -Iron BCC Non-Magnetic (Alpha) Iron
1414F (768C) (-Iron)
(Magnetic)
(Non-Magnetic -Iron) ( )

The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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1414F (768C)

1 (1)
2.
(Manufacture of Wrought Iron)
2
(High Purity Iron) (Slag)
(Iron Silicate)

Hand-Pudding Process Mechanical
Pudding Byers Aston Process
3
-
-
-
3.
(Properties and Applications of Wrought
Iron)

(C) (Mn) 0.8 0.06
(P) 0.05-0.16 (S)
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(Si) 0.10-0.20
1-3

(C)
0.06
(Mn)
0.045
(Si)
0.101
(P)
0.068
(S)
0.009

1.97

2
()
3

2 Fibrous Fracture () Crystalline Fracture () (1)

(Tensile Strength) (Ductility)
1
(Rolling Procedure)
(Strength)

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1.5-3.5
2

3
(a) (b) (1)
1 (1)

(Longitudinal)
(Transverse)
Tensile Strength, psi
48000-50000
36000-38000
Yield Point, psi
27000-30000
27000-30000
Elongation, %
18-25
2-5
Reduction in Area, %
35-45
3-6
2 (1)

Tensile Strength, psi

48000
60000
Yield Point, psi
30000
45000
Elongation, %
25
22
Reduction in Area, %
45
40


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Railroad Ship-Building Oil Industries
4.
- (The Iron-Iron Carbide Diagram)
(Allotropic) (Iron)
4 (Pure
Iron) (Interstitial Compound)
(Iron Carbide, Fe3C) 6.67
- (Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram)

4 - (1)

The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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(Fe3C)
( )
(1300F 705C)
Metastable Phase -
Metastable Conditions
(Equilibrium Changes)
(Slowly Heating and Cooling)
3 (Horizontal Lines)
(Isothermal Reaction) 4 (Solid Solutions)
(Greek Letters)

( -Solid Solution) (Austenite)
( 4) 5
( -Solid Solution) 2720F (1495C)
(Peritectic Reaction)
(1)
Liquid +

Cooling

Austenite

Heating

(1)

5 - (1)
(BCC ) 0.10
( M ) (FCC ) (0.50 B )
The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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(Temperature of Allotropic
Change) 2554 2720F 0.10
NMPB (Cooling) NM
(BCC ) (FCC )
0.10
MP (Peritectic
Reaction) 0.10-0.18
0.18 NP
PB (Peritectic Reaction)
0.18-0.50

6 - (1)
6
(Eutectic Reaction) 2065F (1128C) E 4.3
CED Eutectic Reaction

The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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2 ( C D ) ()
2 Ledeburite
Liquid

Cooling

Austenite
+ Cementite
1
4442
4443

EutecticMixture Ledeburite
Heating

(2)

(Eutectic Mixture)

GH 1666F (907C)
(FCC ) (BCC )
(BCC ) Ferrite
3 - HJK
(Eutectoid Reaction) J 0.80
1333F (728C)
(Eutectoid Mixture) (Ferrite) (Cementite)
(Pearlite)
(0.8%C )

Cooling

Ferrite
+2
Cementite
444
444
3

1EutectoidM
ixture Pearlite
Heating

(3)

Eutectoid Temperature Line ()

- 2

- 2 (Steels)
- 2 (Cast Irons)
(0.80 )
0.80 (HypoEutectoid Steels) 0.80 2
(Hyper-Eutectoid Steels)
The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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(4.3 )
4.3 (HypoEutectic Cast Irons) 4.3
(Hyper-Eutectic Cast Irons)
5.

(Definition of Structures)
- (Cementite or Iron Carbide) Fe3C
6.67 (Interstitial Compound)
(Hard) (Brittle) (Tensile Strength) 5000
psi (Compressive Strength)
- Orthorhombic
- (Austenite)

( SolidSolution )
( FCC ) 2 2065F (1128C)
(Tensile Strength) 150000 psi
(Elongation) 10 (Hardness) Rockwell C 40 (Toughness)

7a
- (Ledeburite) (Eutectic Mixture)
4.3 2065F (1128C)
- (Ferrite) ( SolidSolution )
( BCC ) ( 7b)
0.025 1333F (728C) H
0.008
(Tensile Strength) 40000 psi
(Elongation) 40 (Hardness) Rockwell B 90
- (Pearlite) (Eutectoid Mixture) 0.8
1333F (728C)
- ( 7c) (Tensile
Strength) 120000 psi (Elongation) 20 (Hardness) Rockwell
C 20 Rockwell B 95-100 BHN 250-300
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7 (a) 500 (b)

100 (c) 2500 (d)
17000 (1)
6.

(Carbon Solubility in Iron)

FCC 4
BCC ( 2 )
(Expansion)
(Fe)
25 32 FCC
BCC

The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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BCC

() FCC () (1)

BCC
2 ( 8) 2 4
0.36(10 8 )
FCC 2
1 ( 8)
0.52(10 8 )

7.

(Slow Cooling of Steel)

Alloy 1 ( 9) 0.2

0.2 FCC ( 9a)
GJ X 1 Upper
Critical
Temperature Line Hypo-Eutectoid Side A3
FCC BCC 1666F (905C)
A3 X 1
(Austenite Grain Boundary) ( 9b)

BCC
HJ X 2
Lower Critical Temperature Line Hypo-Eutectoid Side A1
The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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9
0.2 (a) (b)
(c) - 0.8
(d) 1333F (1)
A1 Eutectoid Temperature Line
A1 25
75 ( 9C) 25
0.8
Austenite

Cooling

Ferrite +2
Cementite
444
3

1444
Pearlite
Heating

(4)

A1
25 75
( 9d)
(Eutectoid Reaction)
0.8
( FCC Iron ) BCC Iron
()
()

BCC Iron
The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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10

10 (1)

75 ( A3
A1 ) 25 ( A1 )
11a 0.2
75 () 25
()
( 11b)
(0.8 )

0.4 11c
50 (0.8 )
100
Alloy 2 ( 12) 1.0

1.0 ( 12 9a)
CJ X 3 Upper Critical Temperature Line
Hyper-Eutectoid Side Acm Acm
Acm

Acm X 3
Acm J X 3
The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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11 (a) 0.2 100 (b)

(a) 500 (c) 0.4 100
(d) 500 (1)
X 4 Primary Cementite 12b, c
Eutectoid Temperature X 4 Lower Critical Temperature
Line Hyper-Eutectoid Side A3,1 A3,1
(Cementite Network)
12C

%Cementite =

1.0 0.8
100 = 3.4%
6.67 0.8

(5)

The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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% Austenite =

6.67 1.0
100 = 96.6%
6.67 0.8

(6)

12
1.0 (a) (b)
(c) - 0.8
(d) 1333F (1)

FCC Austenite BCC Ferrite
0.8
Eutectoid Mixture (Pearlite) ( 9d) 96.6
( A3,1 )
3.4 ( Acm A3,1 )
13a

A3,1

The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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13b
1.2 13a b
A3 Acm A3
Acm

13 (a) 1.0 500

(b) 1.2 300
(1)
The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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(0.8 )
(Elongation) (Reduction of Area) (Impact
Strength)


14

14 (1)
8.

(The Critical-Temperature Lines)

9 Upper Lower-Critical Temperature
Ae3 , Ae1

Ac

The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

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Ar Upper-Critical Temperature
Ac3 Ar 3



11F/min 15
Ac 2 Ar 2 1414F

15 Hypo-Eutectoid - (1)

1. S. H. Avner :Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, 2nd Edition, McGraw-HILL, Book

Company, ISBN 0-07-002499-5

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