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GRAMATICAL
4 E.S.O.
curso 2012 13
PASSIVE VOICE
La voz pasiva es una transformacin oracional en la que se enfoca la oracin de
una forma diferente. Existen, en ingls, tres tipos de transformacin pasiva:
1 tipo
Oraciones con 1 objeto (directo)
Activa:
Pasiva:
(cuando es necesario)
2 tipo
Oraciones con 2 objetos (indirecto + directo)
1 forma:
Activa:
Pasiva:
(cuando es necesario)
2 forma:
Activa:
Pasiva:
(cuando es necesario)
3 Tipo
Oraciones de sujeto indefinido y construccin de infinitivo
1 forma:
Activa:
Pasiva:
2 forma:
Activa:
Pasiva:
To be + Participio
(en el mismo tiempo que
el verbo de la voz activa)
Cuadro de verbos
Tiempos verbales
Voz Activa
Voz Pasiva
Pr. Simple
Paints
Is painted
Pr. Continuo
Am / is / are painting
Pr. Perfecto
Pas. Simple
painted
Pas. Continuo
Pas. Perfecto
Had painted
Fut. Simple
Will paint
Fut. Inmediato
Condicional
Would paint
Will be painted
Am / is / are going to be
painted
Would be painted
Ejemplos:
1 tipo
Activa: Someone switched the light on.
Pasiva: The light was switched on.
Activa: William the conqueror built this castle
Pasiva: This castle was built by William the conqueror
2 tipo
Activa: They gave her a present in the party
Pasiva: She was given a present in the party
Pasiva: A present was given to her in the party
Activa: John will buy me a watch tomorrow.
Pasiva: I will be bought a watch tomorrow by John.
Pasiva: A watch will be bought to me tomorrow by John.
3 tipo
Activa: People say that John lives in Britain
Pasiva: It is said that John lives in Britain
Pasiva: John is said to live in Britain
REPORTED SPEECH
El estilo indirecto se utiliza para expresar lo que alguien dijo literalmente de una
forma distinta, con nuestras propias palabras. Es muy utilizado en el lenguaje
coloquial.
En el estilo indirecto se producen una serie de transformaciones dentro de la
oracin que pasaremos a detallar seguidamente:
1 transformacin: verbal
Los verbos del estilo directo (que suele ir entre comillas), cambian a un tiempo
anterior al transformar la frase:
Estilo Directo
Estilo Indirecto
Pr. Simple
Pas. Simple
Pr. Continuo
Pas. Continuo
Pr. Perfecto
Pas. Perfecto
Pas. Simple
Pas. Perfecto
Pas. Perfecto
Pas. Perfecto
Futuro simple
Condicional
Condicional
Condicional perfecto
2 transformacin: pronominal
Tanto los posesivos como los pronombres personales experimentan un cambio
en el estilo indirecto que est relacionado con la persona a la que se dirige la
oracin; por tanto, la transformacin va a depender del objeto o persona a
quien se dirija la oracin.
3 transformacin: adverbial
Los adverbios de lugar y tiempo en el estilo indirecto cambian del siguiente
modo:
ESTILO DIRECTO
ESTILO INDIRECTO
Here
There
This
That
Now
Then
Today
That day
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Next day
Last day
I am going home
She said that she was going home
Est. Directo:
Est. Indirecto:
Est. Directo:
Est. Indirecto:
(mandar)
(pedir) (invitar)
(advertir) (avisar)
(suplicar) (sugerir)
(recomendar)
Ejemplos:
Est. Directo:
Est. Indirecto:
Est. Directo:
Est. Indirecto:
MAIN CLAUSE
UNIVERSAL STATEMENT
Present
1ST TYPE
Present
2ND TYPE
Past
3RD TYPE
Past Perfect
Present
Will + infinitive
Can + infinitive
Imperative
Conditional
(would + infinitive)
Perfect conditional
(would have + participle)
PASSIVE VOICE
1. They are going to say that you havent been here.
2. Last year a profit of two million pounds was made in the first six months but it was
cancelled by a loss of seventeen million pounds.
3. Why did you buy so horrible jeans?
4. Somebody has given me many presents.
5. The ship was put into quarantine and passengers and crew were forbidden to land.
6. This rumour must have been started by our opponents.
7. Government is being said to spend too little money on roads.
8. I was invited to go to the party.
9. The rocket is said to have landed on the sea.
10. They showed her the easiest way to do it.
11. Your money could be put to good use instead of being left idle in the bank.
12. That boy is believed to have thrown the stones.
13. They told her the most important thing to do.
14. The lawyer gave him the details of his uncles will.
15. We will not admit children under sixteen.
16. Football can bring a lot of benefits here.
17. We will be given the things we need.
18. Nothing is known about the missing car.
19. They were rescued at 9.40 by a man in a fishing boat.
20. Someone is thought to have started the fire deliberately.
21. Nobody knows anything about Brendas family.
22. Most of the guests had left the hotel by midday.
23. Nobody had been sent an invitation when I realised.
24. They havent decided the exact time of the match yet.
25. Chris is said to have been in the army.
26. You were shown the different messages.
27. She will be given the most important present.
28. People say that the council will improve our town.
29. They are going to repair all the damage.
30. They sent Mr Smith eighty pounds in order to pay the fine.
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RELATIVE CLAUSES
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The person ________ fingerprints are on the gun was the person ________ killed Dr. Martin.
My bike, ________ I had left at the gate, had disappeared.
The shoes ________ I finally bought were the ones _______ I tried on first.
The bag in _______ the robbers put the money was found outside the bank.
The medicine ______ the doctor gave me had no effect at all.
Peter, ______ couldnt see the screen, decided to change his seat.
The present ______ you gave me yesterday was the one ________ I gave you last year!
I really liked that tea _______ you made me this morning.
What was the name of your friend _______ tent we borrowed?
The flight _______ Joe was leaving on was cancelled.
This is a photo of someone______________I met while I was on holiday.
Are you the person_____________called me late last night?
Id like to talk to someone____________has visited China.
Nobody knows__________left this parcel here this morning.
John is the only person in this office____________I can trust.
When I find out___________did this, there will be trouble.
She is the person____________owns that black dog.
The police officer__________I spoke to before isnt on duty today.
The job _______ he got wasnt very interesting.
A woman _______ my sister knows has bought our house.
Im sorry for people _______ havent got a sense of humour.
I saw a girl _______ beauty took my breath away.
Actually, there is a problem _______ worries me.
This is Peter Taylor, _______ works with my sister.
What do you think of the wine _______ we drank last night?
Ive got a friend _______ collect stamps.
A good builder is one _______ houses dont fall down.
This is the switch _______ isnt working.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
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REPORTED SPEECH
Statements
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The journalist told , A man threw a bomb at the Prime Minister yesterday
Sarah told me, I wont pass my exam tomorrow
I said, He hasnt got much sense of humour
I went to New York last summer
Im looking for a better job
My sister doesnt live in England
Ill come with you tomorrow, she replied.
We have a lift but very often it doesnt work, they said.
I dont like classical music
I will phone you later
Ill see you in the morning, Helen
I can resist everything except temptation (Oscar Wilde)
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Questions