Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
1 Before 1900
1.1 Antiquity (until fifth century AD)
1.2 Middle Ages
1.3 Early modern period
1.4 Nineteenth century
2 Twentieth century
2.1 1900s
2.2 1910s
2.3 1920s
2.4 1930s
2.5 1940s
2.6 1950s
2.7 1960s
2.8 1970s
2.9 1980s
2.10 1990s
3 Twenty-first century
3.1 2000s
3.2 2010s
4 For consideration
5 References
Before 1900
Antiquity (until fifth century AD)
Book of Job (5th century BC?): leviathan (chapter 41).
Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica (3rd century BC): the dragon guarding the golden fleece (Book 2),
and the dragon whose teeth can be sown like seed to make an army grow (Book 3).[1]
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca (after 1st century BC): the sea monster Perseus slays to rescue
Andromeda, and the dragon guarding the apples of the Hesperides (Book 2).[2]
John of Patmos, Book of Revelation (1st century AD): Satan as a dragon (chapters 12-13, 16:13,
20:2).
Middle Ages
Beowulf (8th - 11th century): The unnamed dragon from the end of the Old English epic, which dies
by the combined efforts of Wiglaf and Beowulf.
Nineteenth century
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "The Two Brothers" (1812): A seven-headed dragon who demands
maidens in one of Grimm's Fairy Tales.
Lewis Carroll, "Jabberwocky" in Through the Looking-Glass (1871): The Jabberwock, a fearsome
dragonlike beast with "jaws that bite", "claws that catch", and "eyes of flame."
Richard Wagner, Der Ring des Nibelungen (1876): Fafner.
William Morris, The Story of Sigurd the Volsung and the Fall of the Niblungs (1877): Fafnir.
Kenneth Grahame, The Reluctant Dragon (1898): A dragon who does not want to act like a dragon.
Twentieth century
By publication date of first installment in a series.
1900s
L. Frank Baum, Land of Oz series (1900): Dragons appear in Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz (1908),
Tik-Tok of Oz (1914), and The Tin Woodman of Oz (1918).
1910s
Rynosuke Akutagawa, "Dragon: the Old Potter's Tale" (1919): a vague shadowy image which
observers believe is a dragon ascending to heaven.
1920s
E. Nesbit, The Last of the Dragons (1925): the last dragon on earth, who is tired of being expected to
fight a prince for a princess, and becomes the princess's pet instead. Drinks petrol ("that's what does a
dragon good, sir") and, at his own request, is eventually transformed by the king into the first
aeroplane.
1930s
C. S. Lewis, The Pilgrim's Regress (1933): the cold Northern dragon, slain by John, and the hot
Southern dragon, slain by Vertue. The Northern dragon is so greedy that his anxiety for his gold
hardly lets him sleep. He recalls eating his wife, saying, "worm grows not to dragon till he eats
worm", a loose translation of the Latin saying, Serpens, nisi serpentem comederit, non fit draco. The
Guide explains that dragons always live alone because they have become dragons by eating their own
kind. Lewis reiterates the notion of cannibalistic dragons in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (see
below).
J. R. R. Tolkien, world of Middle-earth (1937):
Ancalagon the Black, who is the largest dragon of Middle-Earth (The Fellowship of the Ring,
1954; The Silmarillion, 1977)
Glaurung, the first of the dragons in Middle-earth (The Silmarillion, 1977; The Children of
Hrin, 2007, edited by Christopher Tolkien) Unlike later dragons he is wingless.
Scatha (The Return of the King, Appendix A.II, 1955)
Smaug (The Hobbit, 1937): Smaug is a classic, European-type dragon; deeply magical, hoards
treasure and burns innocent towns. Contrary to most old folklore and literature, J. R. R.
Tolkien's dragons are very intelligent and can cast spells over mortals. See also dragons listed at
Dragon (Middle-earth).
1940s
Ruth Stiles Gannett, My Father's Dragon (1948): a young dragon rescued by a little boy from its
abusive animal masters.
J. R. R. Tolkien, Farmer Giles of Ham (1949): Chrysophylax Dives.
1950s
Robert A. Heinlein, Between Planets (1951): the sentient inhabitants of Venus are huge flightless
dragons, who are described as highly intelligent with an enormous aptitude for scientific research, who
are very warm and friendly to humans. Since humans can't pronounce their real names, they habitually
take - while conversing with humans via a special device - the name of a prominent past human
scientist (the book's main dragon protagonist calls himself "Sir Isaac Newton").
C. S. Lewis, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (1952), one of the Chronicles of Narnia: The unnamed
elderly dragon who dies, and then Eustace Scrubb, who becomes a dragon by magic when he greedily
sleeps on the dragon's hoard. Eustace actually eats much of the dead dragon by instinct; Lewis
explains that dragons like to eat other dragons, and are therefore usually alone, echoing his thoughts
on dragons in The Pilgrim's Regress (see above).
Ray Bradbury, "The Dragon" (1955): set simultaneously in the recent and distant past, the short story
features a pair of knights setting out to fight what they think is a dragon. After they are killed by it, it
is revealed that the "Dragon" is actually a steam train.
1960s
Michael Ende, Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver (1960): Nepomuk, half-dragon by birth his
mother was a hippopotamus , kind and helpful, later on warden of the Magnetic Cliffs. Frau
Mahlzahn (Mrs. Grindtooth): A pure-blood dragon and the main villainess of the story. Very
knowledgeable, runs a school for human children in Sorrowland, likes to torment lesser beings with
her power.
Oliver Postgate and Peter Firmin, The Ice Dragon (1962), one of the books in The Saga of Noggin the
Nog: an ice dragon whom Noggin intends to fight, but instead helps.[5][6]
Ursula K. Le Guin, world of Earthsea (1964): the portrayal of
dragons undergoes significant changes from book to book. In
the original, they resemble Smaug, with unbounded greed for
hoards of precious jewelry; later, they grow in stature and
nobility, to become virtual demi-gods who speak the
"Language of Creation" as their mother tongue. Later still, it is
revealed that they share an ancestry with humanity, and that
some rare humans (always women) can change into dragons at
will (or they may be considered as dragons who can take
human form at will). In contrast to the dragons of C.S. Lewis's
fiction, the dragons of Earthsea do not eat each other.[7] Like
Tolkien's Smaug,[8] they are susceptible to drowning.[9]
Kalessin the creator of the world of Earthsea. (The
Farthest Shore, 1972)
Orm, the great dragon who slew and was slain by the
legendary Warrior Mage Erreth-Akbe.
Orm Embar, Orm's descendant, who died battling the
evil magician Cob on the eastern shores. (The Farthest
Shore, 1972)
Yevaud (A Wizard of Earthsea, 1968)
The dragon Yevaud on the cover of
Orm Irian and Tehanu, each of whom was a dragon in
Ursula K. Le Guin's A Wizard of
human form who acted as a diplomat between her races.
Earthsea.
various dragons
Ruth Manning-Sanders, A Book of Dragons (1965): 14 fairy
tales about dragons.
Anne McCaffrey, Dragonriders of Pern series (1966): The (genetically engineered) Dragons of Pern.
Dragons in Pern (genetically modified fire-lizards, which were Pernese natives) are ridden by
"dragonriders" to protect the planet from a deadly threat, the Thread. The dragons include Faranth,
Mnementh, Ramoth, and Ruth.
Clifford D. Simak, The Goblin Reservation (1968): A beautiful dragon from a previous universe plays
a key role in the novel's unexpected denouement.
1970s
John Gardner, Grendel (1971): Grendel's omniscient advisor, revealing to Grendel the meaning of the
universe, and enchanting Grendel to be impervious to man-made weapons. (Based on the unnamed
dragon from Beowulf.)
Astrid Lindgren, The Brothers Lionheart (1973): Katla.
Gerald Durrell, The Talking Parcel (1974): Tabitha, last remaining dragon and Keeper of the Eggs.
Gordon R. Dickson, Dragon Knight series (1976):
Bryagh, a major character. (The Dragon and The George, 1976)
Jim Eckert, main character in the series: reluctant knight and magician, part-time dragon and de
facto member of the Cliffside dragons
Gorbash, major character in The Dragon and The George novel and minor character in the rest
of the series: largest dragon of the Cliffside dragons, grandnephew of Smrgol
Secoh, major character in the series: a member of the Mere-Dragon clan, which have become
diminutive as the result of a blight
Smrgol, major character in The Dragon and The George novel: an elderly and respected
member of the Cliffside dragons and the paternal granduncle of Gorbash
Various other dragons.
Piers Anthony, Xanth novels (1977): Stanley Steamer, the Gap Dragon; and Stella Steamer, Stanley
Steamer's female counterpart.
Diana Wynne Jones, Charmed Life (1977): Chrestomanci's pet dragon (rescued from poachers who
killed its mother).
Robert Asprin, MythAdventures series (1978): Gleep.
Michael Ende, The Neverending Story (1979): Falkor (Fuchur in the original German version), the
luckdragon, and Smerg, an evil dragon.
Robert Don Hughes, Pelmen the Powershaper series (19791985): Vicia-Heinox, the two-headed
dragon.
1980s
Robert Munsch, The Paper Bag Princess (1980): A dragon
who destroys Princess Elizabeth's kingdom and kidnaps her
beloved Prince Ronald. Princess Elizabeth defeats the dragon
by getting him to show off his full skills, exhausting him.
David and Leigh Eddings, The Belgariad (1982) and The
Malloreon series (1988): Unnamed dragons. There used to be
three: two males and one female but the males killed each
other in the first mating season leaving the female alone for
millennia.
Raymond E Feist, Riftwar trilogy (19821986): Rhuagh,
Ryath, Shuruga and others.
Laurence Yep, Dragon series (19821992): Shimmer the
dragon princess.
Jane Yolen, The Pit Dragon Trilogy series (19822009):
Heart's Blood and several others.
Terry Brooks, Magic Kingdom of Landover novels (1986):
Strabo.
R. A. MacAvoy, Tea with the Black Dragon (1983) and
Twisting the Rope (1986): Mayland Long, who used to be a
Chinese dragon.
The dragon Maur, on the cover of
Alan Dean Foster, Spellsinger series (19831994):
Robin McKinley's The Hero and the
Falameezar-aziz-Sulmonmee, a friendly Marxist dragon.
Crown.
Terry Pratchett, Discworld novels (1983), notably The Colour
of Magic (1983) and Guards! Guards! (1989): Errol, Ninereeds
and other dragons. Pratchett's Discworld novels describe two types of dragons: Noble Dragons (Draco
Nobilis) which are typical European-type dragons, which are extinct by the time the books take place
but can be summoned by magic or created with a lot of magic and imagination; and the Swamp
Dragons (Draco Vulgaris), which are the size of small dogs, bred as pets, and, due to their complex,
fire-producing anatomy, have a tendency to self-destruct.
Steven Brust, Vlad Taltos novels (1983present): jheregs, tiny dragon-like creatures, and dragons,
huge reptiles that cannot breathe fire but have tentacles that pick up psychic impressions.
Steven Brust, To Reign in Hell (1984): Belial, one of the Firstborn angels, takes the form of a colossal,
insane dragon living beneath a volcanic mountain range.
Tracy Hickman, and Margaret Weis, Dragonlance universe (1984): Cyan Bloodbane, a green dragon;
Khisanth, Skie, Malystryx, Pyros, Flamestrike, Silvara, Khirsah among others
Robin McKinley, The Hero and the Crown (1984): numerous small dragons, which cannot speak, and
the huge, sentient dragon Maur, which is a malevolent force even after death.
Barbara Hambly, Dragonsbane (1985): Morkeleb, the black dragon around whom revolves the plot.
Paul Edwin Zimmer, A Gathering of Heroes (1987), part of the Dark Border series: Komanthodel, the
ancient evil dragon.
Melanie Rawn, the Dragon Prince series (19851994):
1990s
Patricia C. Wrede, Enchanted Forest Chronicles series (19901993): Various dragons.
Jackie French Koller, "The Dragonling" series (19901998): Zantor and various other dragons
Robert Jordan, The Wheel of Time series (19902011): A depiction of a Chinese dragon as the sigil of
the Dragon, Lews Therin Telamon.
Christopher Rowley, Bazil Broketail book series (19921999): Bazil Broketail and many others.
Bruce Coville, Jeremy Thatcher, Dragon Hatcher (1992): Tiamat.
Andrzej Sapkowski, The Witcher series (Sword of Destiny novel, 1992): Villentretenmerth, the golden
dragon - intelligent shape-shifting creature, the only dragon among others (green, black, red and
white) that can tolerate humans and even take their form. Also known as Borch Three Jackdaws in his
human form.
Tamora Pierce, The Immortals quartet (19921996): Skysong, as well as Flamewing, Wingstar,
Diamondflame, Icefall, Steelsings, Jadewing, Jewelclaw, Moonwind, Rainbow and Riverwind.
Dick King-Smith, Dragon Boy (1993), Albertina, Montague, and Lucky Bunsen-Burner, Gerald FireDrake and his family
R.A. Salvatore, The Spearwielder's Tale trilogy (19931995): Robert (also known as Robert the
Wretched), the antagonist.
Terry Goodkind, The Sword of Truth (1994): Scarlet, the red dragon Gregory, Scarlet's hatchling that
Richard saves in Book One.
Bruce Coville, the series The Unicorn Chronicles (1994): Ebillan and Firethroat, dragons.
Daniel Hood, Fanuilh series of books (19942000): Fanuilh, a miniature dragon and familiar.
Harlan Ellison and Robert Silverberg, "The Dragon on the Bookshelf" (1995): Urnikh.
Robin Hobb, Realm of the Elderlings series (1995): dragons and humans coexisted in the distant past.
Their essences became mixed in some cases, producing scaled humans referred to as Elderlings, or
small, rubbery-skinned dragons, called "Others" and treated as abominations. Humans carved living
dragon statues out of special living stone; these statues were later used as a weapon against the
Twenty-first century
2000s
Chris d'Lacey, "The Last Dragon Chronicles" series, starting with The Fire Within (2001): Gadzooks,
G'reth, Gretel, Gawain, and other dragons. These dragons are made of clay and brought to life by the
fire/essence (known as the "auma") of one of Earth's last true Dragons, called Gawain. It is possible
that Gawain's line might rise to full draconicity as a result of the actions taken by the student David
Rain, his girlfriend the sibyl Zanna, the clayworkers Liz and Lucy Pennykettle, scientist Anders
Bergstrom, and the witch Gwillanna.
Cressida Cowell, How to Train Your Dragon series (2003)
Emily Rodda, Deltora Quest's third installment (20002004): Dragons are portrayed as very
intelligent and proud; as being divided into seven distinct tribes; as having the capacity to reproduce
by parthenogenesis; and as each having a virtue to which it adheres, such as Strength, Honor, Luck,
Faith, Hope, Joy, and Truth.
Emily Rodda, Deltora Quest 3 (20002004): The various Gem Dragons.
Neal Asher, several books (e.g., Gridlinked, 2001): The entity Dragon.
Robin Hobb, The Tawny Man trilogy (20022003): Icefyre and Tintaglia, the last remaining dragons;
and The Rain Wild Chronicles (2009-2013): Various dragons
Christopher Paolini, The Inheritance Cycle (2002-2011):
Glaedr (Eldest, 2005)
Saphira (Eragon, 2002)
Shruikan (Eragon, 2002)
Thorn (Eldest, 2005)
Frnen (Inheritance, 2011)
Robin Wayne Bailey, Dragonkin series (2003): The dragons of Wyvernwood.
Margaret Weis, Dragonvarld trilogy (20032005): Maristara, an evil black dragon; Braun, her
grandson; Draconas, the walker, a dragon in human form; and various other dragons.
Tony DiTerlizzi and Holly Black, The Spiderwick Chronicles (20032004) and Beyond the Spiderwick
Chronicles (20072009):
In The Spiderwick Chronicles serial (20032004), Book Five, The Wrath of Mulgarath: The
snake-like poisonous dragons raised by the ogre Mulgarath as his weapons of mass destruction.
Mentioned as the European Wyrm variety.
In Beyond the Spiderwick Chronicles serial (20072009), Book Three, The Wyrm King: A
Hydra, a dragon or snake-like creature with multiple heads and gills appears, called the Wyrm
King.
Mercedes Lackey, the Dragon Jousters series (20032006): Avatre and several others.
Mercedes Lackey and James Mallory, The Obsidian Trilogy (20032006): Ancalader, the dragon
bonded to Jermayan.
Keith Baker, world of Eberron (2004):
Eberron, one of the progenitor dragons. Eberron's bones compose the world.
Khyber, one of the progenitor dragons. Khyber rules the underworld and his children are the
demons and monsters of the world.
Siberys, one of the progenitor dragons. Siberys is the "Dragon Above", his remnants compose
the Ring of Siberys, a golden ring of crystal-like shards that glitters in the night sky.
Bryan Davis, Dragons in Our Midst series (2004): Clefspeare, Hartanna, Firedda and others.
Christopher Pike, Alosha series (2004): Dragons also start life as legless, wingless, tailless, and
without fire; in this form, they are known as Kouls. Later in life, a Koul develops legs, a tail, wings,
and fiery breath. To do this, a Koul must risk its life for protection of others, learn to swim, and take a
literal "leap of faith" from a high place.
Donita K. Paul, Dragonkeeper Chronicles (20042008): Celisse, Metta, Gymn, Greer and others.
E. E. Knight, the Age of Fire series (2005): Auron (later AuRon), the gray, scaleless dragon. Also
included are Natasatch (his mate), Irelia (his green mother), AuRel (his bronze father), Jizara (green
sister), Wistala (green sister), NooMoahk (black dragon), Rugaard (copper dragon), and many others.
Gareth P. Jones, Dragon Detective Agency (2006): Dirk Dilly.
Naomi Novik, Temeraire series (2006): Temeraire and the other dragons of the Napoleonic Wars.
Philip Reeve, No Such Thing As Dragons (2009).
James A. Owen, The Chronicles of the Imaginarium Geographica series (Here, There Be Dragons,
2006): Samaranth, an Eastern-type dragon who offers guidance to the main characters. Also various
other dragons.
Dave Freer, Dragon's Ring (2009): Fionn, a black dragon who plans to destroy Tasmarin.
Rick Riordan, Percy Jackson series
The Sea of Monsters (2006): The dragon Peleus guards the Golden Fleece at Camp Half-Blood.
The Titan's Curse (2007): The dragon Ladon guards the apples of the Hesperides.
Jessica Day George, Dragon Slippers series (2006-2009) introduces several dragons who befriend the
main character, Creel, as well as her friends.
2010s
Stephen Deas, Memory of Flames series (2009-2011): centered around a world inhabited by dragons,
which are ridden by knights. Plot centers around their re-awakening consciousness.
Marie Brennan, Lady Trent series (2013-2015): Lady Trent's memoirs on how she first started
studying dragons in a Victorianesque world.
Laurence Yep & Joanne Ryder, A Dragon's Guide to the Care and Feeding of Humans (2015): told
from the point of view of a dragon named Miss Drake.
Julie Kagawa, Talon series (2014-2015): revolves around dragons with the ability to disguise
themselves as humans and an order of warriors sworn to eradicate them.
George R R Martin. The World of Fire and Ice; The Untold History of Westeros and the Game of
Thrones (2014): A list of dragons mentioned in the book on page 33; Balerion, Vhagar, Meraxes and
page 81; Sunfyre, Dreamfyre, Tessarion, Morghul, Shrykos, Syrax, Caraxes, Vermax, Arrax, Tyraxes,
Stormcloud, Meleys, Moondancer, Silverwing, Seasmoke, Vermithor, Sheepstealer, Grey Ghost, The
Cannibal, Morning. Brief bios of the dragons on page 81.
Todd Lockwood. "The Summer Dragon (Evertide #1), released on May 3, 2016, heavily features
dragons."
Kazuo Ishiguro, The Buried Giant (March 2015)
For consideration
These works have titles suggesting they might describe dragons, but no summaries are readily available
which confirm that there are actual dragons in the story.
Ruth Manning-Sanders, "The Conceited Dragon" in Tales of Magic and Mystery (1985)
Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayyati, "The Dragon" (1996)
References
1. Translation of Argonautica, Book 2 (http://www.theoi.com/Text/ApolloniusRhodius2.html) Translation of
Argonautica, Book 3 (http://www.theoi.com/Text/ApolloniusRhodius3.html)
2. Translation of Bibliotheca, Book 2 (http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus2.html)
3. see John B. Coe and Simon Young, ed. and trans., The Celtic Sources for the Arthurian Legend. Felinfach, 1995.
4. Jones, David (2002). An Instinct for Dragons. Routlege.
5. "The Ice Dragon (http://www.nogginthenog.co.uk/development/main_pages/sagas/the_ice_dragon.htm)."
nogginthenog.co.uk
6. Later editions on Worldcat.org (http://www.worldcat.org/title/ice-dragon/oclc/220030/editions?referer=di&editionsV
iew=true) and Amazon.com (http://www.amazon.com/dp/1903708028)
7. " [Arren:] 'Do they... eat their own kind?' [Ged:] 'No. No more than we do.' " "The Dragons' Run" (chapter) in The
Farthest Shore
8. "[Smaug's] enemies were on an island in deep watertoo deep and dark and cool for his liking. If he plunged into it,
a vapour and a steam would arise enough to cover all the land with a mist for days; but the lake was mightier than he,
it would quench him before he could pass through." Chapter XIV ("Fire and Water") in The Hobbit
9. Ged says that "plunging into the sea [is] a loathly death for the fire serpent, the beast of wind and fire." "The
Dragons' Run" (chapter) in The Farthest Shore