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Portfolio

Since 1950

[A Member Society of International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IULTCS)]
SANJOY BHAVAN, 3rd Floor, 44, Shanti Pally, Kasba, Kolkata 700 107
Telephone : (033) 2441-3459/7320 TeleFax : (033) 2441-3429
E-mail : admin@iltaonleather.org / mailtoilta@rediffmail.com
Website: www.iltaonleather.org

Mission & Vision


An Association with over 600 members from India and abroad working since last
64 years for the growth and development of Leather and its allied industries.
Organize seminars, symposiums, workshops in order to share information,
knowledge & latest development and interactions for the benefit of all concerned.
Organize Human Resource Development programmes on regular basis.
Publish for over 60 years, a technical monthly journal namely Journal of Indian
Leather Technologists Association (JILTA), widely circulated through out the
World.
Publish books for the benefit of the students at various levels of study, for the
Research Scholar and the Industry.
Work as interface between Industry and the Government.
Assist Planning Commission, various Government Institutions, Ministry and
autonomous bodies to formulate appropriate policies for the growth of the
Industry.
Assist small and tiny leather goods manufacturers in marketing their products by
organizing LEXPOs in Kolkata and different parts of India.

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

Portfolio

Since 1950

ILTA PUBLICATIONS
Now available
Price per Copy*
Sl. No.

Title of the Book

Author

Inland
(INR)

Foreign
(USD)

01.

Treatise on Fatliquors and Fatliquoring of


Leather

Dr. Samir Dasgupta

` 1500.00

$ 60.00

02.

Comprehensive Footwear Technology

Mr. Shomenath Ganguly

` 500.00

$ 50.00

03.

An Introduction to the Principles of Leather


Prof. S. S. Dutta
Manufacture

` 500.00

$ 50.00

04.

Analytical Chemistry of Leather


Manufacture

Mr. P. K. Sarkar

` 300.00

$ 10.00

05.

Synthetic Tanning Agents

Dr. Samir Dasgupta

` 900.00

$ 30.00

06.

Hand - Book of Tanning

Prof. B. M. Das

` 750.00

$ 25.00

* Packing & Forwarding Charge Extra

Send your enquiries to :Indian Leather Technologists Association


SANJOY BHABAN
3rd Floor, 44, Shanti Pally,
Kolkata-700 107
Phone : 91-33-24413459 / 24417320,
Telefax : 91-33-24413429
E-mail : admin@iltaonleather.org / mailtoilta@rediffmail.com

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

Portfolio

Since 1950

JOURNAL OF INDIAN LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS ASSOCIATION (JILTA)


AUGUST 2015

VOL.: LXV

NO.: 08

RNI NO.: 2839/57

C on t e nt s

REGD.NO.: ISSN 0019-5738

Hony. Editor :
Dr. Goutam Mukherjee
Communications to Editor through E-mail :

Portfolio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .03 - 08

jiltaeditor@gmail.com; admin@iltaonleather.org
Cover Designed & Printed by :

Homage to Ex-President of India. . . . 09 - 10

M/s TAS Associate


11, Priya Nath Dey Lane, Kolkata - 700 036
Published & Printed by :

Editorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 13

ILTA News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 16
Article - Novel Keratinase Enzyme
from Cyberlindnera Fabianii NRC3 Aza
with Promising Keratin-Biodegradation & Hide-Dehairing Activities
by Azza M. Abdel-fattah1, EL-Shahat H.
A. Nashy 2 *, Manal M. Hussein M.
M.3(a),Ahmed S. Attia 3(b), El-Tahir A.
Sabiel4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 7- 2 5
News Corner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 - 27

Article - Model HR Encounters and


Practices by Dr. Goutam Mukherjee. .28 - 43

Economic Corner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 - 50

LESA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 - 94

S. D. Set, on behalf of Indian Leather Technologists


Association
Published from :
Regd. Office :Sanjoy Bhavan, 44, Shanti Pally
3rd Floor, Kasba, Kolkata - 700 107
Printed at :
M/s TAS Associate
11, Priya Nath Dey Lane, Kolkata - 700 036
Subscription :
Annual
Rs.(INR)
Foreign
$ (USD)
Single Copy
Rs.(INR)
Foreign
$ (USD)

400.00
45.00
50.00
4.00

All other business communications should be


sent to :
Indian Leather Technologists Association
Sanjoy Bhavan, 3rd floor, 44, Shanti Pally
Kasba, Kolkata - 700 107,WB, India
Phone : 91-33-2441-3459 / 7320
Telefax : 91-33-2441-3429
E-mail : admin@iltaonleather.org;
mailtoilta@rediffmail.com
Web site : www.iltaonleather.org

Opinions expressed by the authors of contributions published in the


Jour nal are not necessarily those of the Association
JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

Portfolio

Since 1950

JOURNAL OF INDIAN LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS ASSOCIATION [JILTA]


Indian Leather Technologists Association is a premier organisation of its kind in India was
established in 1950 by Late Prof. B.M.Das. It is a Member Society of International Union of
Leather Technologists & Chemists Societies (IULTCS), Geneva, Switzerland.
The Journal of Indian Leather Technologists Association (JILTA) is a monthly publication which
encapsulates latest state of the art in processing technology of leather and its products,
commerce and economics, research & development, news & views of the industry etc. It reaches to
the Leather / Footwear Technologists and the decision makers all over the country and overseas.
Advertisement Tariff
Full Page / per month
Black & White
Colour
Colour Insert (One side)
(Provided by the Advertisers)

` 5,000.00 /` 10,000.00/` 5,000.00 /-

for 03 months ` 20,000/for 06 months ` 35,000/for 12 months ` 60,000/-

Full Page / per anum


Front inside (2nd Cover)
3rd Cover
Back Cover

` 96,000 /` 84,000 /` 1,20,000 /Printing & Processing charges extra

Mechanical Data
Overall size: 27cm 21 cm
Print area : 23cm 17 cm
A/c. Payee Cheque to be drawn in favour of :

Indian Leather Technologists Association


and Payable at Kolkata
Send your enquiries to :

Indian Leather Technologists Association


SANJOY BHAVAN
3rd floor, 44, Shanti Pally, Kasba, Kolkata 700 107
Phone : 91-33-24413459/7320, Telefax : 91-33-24413429
E-mail : admin@iltaonleather.org / mailtoilta@rediffmail.com
Website : www.iltaonleather.org

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

Portfolio

Since 1950

INDIAN LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS ASSOCIATION


(Member Society of International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies GENEVA)

Executive Committee (2013-15)


Central Committee
President
Mr. Arnab Kumar Jha
Vice-Presidents
Mr. Asit Baran Kanungo
Dr. K. J. Sreeram

Regional Committees
Southern Region :
President
Mr. N. R. Jaganathan
Vice-President
Dr. B. Chandrasekaran

Mr. P. K. Bhattacharjee

Secretary
Dr. J. Raghava Rao

General Secretary

Treasurer
Dr. Swarna V Kanth

Mr. Susanta Mallick


Joint Secretaries
Mr. Jiban Dasgupta
Mr. Shiladitya Deb Choudhur y
Treasurer
Mr. Kaushik Bhuiyan
Committee Members

Committee Members
Mr. S. Govardhan
Dr. S. V. Srinivasan
Mr. R. Mohan
Mr. M Aravendan
Dr. Subendhu Chakraborty
Addl. Committee Members
Dr. J. Kanakaraj
Mr. S. Ramalingam

Nor thern / Western Region :

Mr. Alokesh Ray


Mr. Aniruddha De
Mr. Bibhas Chandra Jana
Mr. Debashis Chakraborty
Mr. Mrinal Kanti Chakraborty
Mr. Pradipta Konar
Mr. Sudhansu Kumar Biswas
Mr. Deepak Kr. Sharma
(Secretar y of Northern Region)
Dr. J. Raghava Rao
(Secretary of Southern Region)
Ex-Officio Member
Dr. Goutam Mukherjee

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

President
Mr. Jai Prakash Saraswat
Vice-President
Mr. Kamal Sharma
Secretary
Mr. Deepak Kr. Sharma
Treasurer
Mr. Jaswinder Singh Saini
Committee Members
Mr. Mohinder Lal
Mr. Prateek Sharma
Mr. Rajeev Mehta
Mr. Sudagar Lal
Mr. Sunil Kumar

Portfolio

Since 1950

JOURNAL OF INDIAN LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS ASSOCIATION [JILTA]

E DITORIAL B OARD OF JILTA (2013-2015)


Chief Patron

Dr. T. Ramasami

Advisers

Prof. Dr. A. B. Mandal


Mrs. Antara Kumar
Dr. Bi Shi
Dr. B. N. Das
Dr. Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
Dr. Campbell Page
Dr. Carlo Milone
Dr. Chandan Rajkhowa
Mr. E. Devender
Dr. Pisi
Dr. Roberto Vago
Dr. Samir Dasgupta
Prof. Swapan Kumar Basu
Mr. Suparno Moitra
Dr. Subha Ganguly
Dr. Tim Amos
Dr. Tapas Gupta

Peer Reviewing Committee :

Prof. A. K. Mishra
Mr Abhijit Dutta
Mr. Animesh Chatterjee
Dr. B. Chandrasekharan
Mr. Diganta Ghosh
Dr. J. Raghava Rao
Mr. Jayanta Chaudhuri
Dr. N. K. Chandrababu
Mr. Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharyya
Dr. Subhendu Chakrabarti
Mr. Satya Narayan Maitra

Hony Editor

Dr. Goutam Mukherjee

Joint Editors

Dr. Sanjoy Chakraborty


Dr. Anjan Biswas

LEATHER SCIENCE ABSTRACT [LESA]

: EDITORIAL BOARD :
CHAIRMAN:
Dr. Satish R. Wate
Director, CSIR - CLRI
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF:
Dr. C. Rose
Scientist - G, CSIR - CLRI

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

VICE-CHAIRMAN:
Prof. Dr. A. B. Mandal
Outstanding Scientist (Directors Grade),
CSIR - CLRI
EDITOR:
Dr.V. Kasi Rao
Principal Documentation Officer, CSIR - CLRI

Since 1950

HOMAGE TO LATE EX-PRESIDENT OF INDIA

DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM


[ 1931 2015 ]
Born on15th October 1931 at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu,Dr.Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen
Abdul Kalam, specialized in Aeronautical Engineering from Madras Institute of
Technology.Dr.Kalam made significant contribution as Project Director to develop
Indias first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully injected
the Rohini satellite in the near earth orbit in July 1980 and made India an exclusive
member of Space Club. He was responsible for the evolution of ISROs launch vehicle
programme, particularly the PSLV configuration. After working for two decades in
ISRO and mastering launch vehicle technologies,Dr.Kalam took up the
responsibility of developing Indigenous Guided Missiles at Defence Research and
Development Organisation as the Chief Executive of Integrated Guided Missile
Development Programme (IGMDP). He was responsible for the development and
operationalisation of AGNI and PRITHVI Missiles and for building indigenous
capability in critical technologies through networking of multiple institutions. He
was the Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary, Department of Defence
Research & Development from July 1992 to December 1999. During this period he
led to the weaponisation of strategic missile systems and the Pokhran-II nuclear
tests in collaboration with Department of Atomic Energy, which made India a nuclear
weapon State. He also gave thrust to self-reliance in defence systems by progressing
multiple development tasks and mission projects such as Light Combat Aircraft.
As Chairman of Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council
(TIFAC) and as an eminent scientist, he led the country with the help of 500 experts
to arrive at Technology Vision 2020 giving a road map for transforming India from
the present developing status to a developed nation.Dr.Kalam has served as the
Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India, in the rank of Cabinet

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

Since 1950
Minister, from November 1999 to November 2001 and was responsible for evolving
policies, strategies and missions for many development applications.Dr.Kalam was
also the Chairman, Ex-officio, of the Scientific Advisory Committee to the Cabinet
(SAC-C) and piloted India Millennium Mission 2020.
Dr.Kalam took up academic pursuit as Professor, Technology & Societal
Transformation at Anna University, Chennai from November 2001 and was involved
in teaching and research tasks. Above all he took up a mission to ignite the young
minds for national development by meeting high school students across the country.
In his literary pursuit four ofDr.Kalams books - Wings of Fire, India 2020 - A
Vision for the New Millennium, My journey and Ignited Minds - Unleashing the
power within India have become household names in India and among the Indian
nationals abroad. These books have been translated in many Indian languages.
Dr.Kalam is one of the most distinguished scientists of India with the unique honour
of receiving honorary doctorates from 30 universities and institutions. He has been
awarded the coveted civilian awards - Padma Bhushan (1981) and Padma Vibhushan
(1990) and the highest civilian award Bharat Ratna (1997). He is a recipient of several
other awards and Fellow of many professional institutions.
Dr.Kalam became the11th President of India on25th July 2002. But a man of his stature
did never belong to any political party, he only belongs to India. His focus was on
transforming India into a developed nation by 2020. But the sole focus of his soul
was provision of urbanised facilities to the rural India and alleviation of poverty
from India through self sustenance.
We, all the members of ILTA pay heartiest tributes to this great son of India.

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

10

Since 1950

Editorial
Make in India Mission

We feel proud today when we hear there is news of collaboration of a UK based leather
Product Company with a reputed company of Kolkata as the noble mission of Government of
West Bengal. This is definitely going to focus the silver lining of industrial scenario and
positive intention of West Bengal to the world. We similarly feel proud when companies
looming in India at the call of Make in India by Government of India. We being concerned
about our vast of potential leather give similar call from our end to the world come,
collaborate, make, live together and flourish together.
Here are few reasons why investors would like to invest in leather industry in India and of
course in West Bengal

USD 11 Billion existing leather industry.


USD 6 Billion worth of exports in 2013-14.
10% of the worlds leather production.
24% growth projected in the next five years.
55% of workforce below 35.
The total production of the Indian leather industry stands at USD 11 Billion with great
potential for exports and a huge domestic market.
Exports have grown from USD 1.42 Billion in 1990-91 to an all-time high of USD 6 Billion
in 2013-14.
Exports are projected to grow at 24% per annum over the next five years.
The domestic market is expected to double in the next five years.
Comparative advantages in cost of production and labour costs.

A strong base for raw materials India is endowed with 21% of the worlds cattle
and buffalo and 11% of the worlds goat and sheep population.
India produces 2 Billion sq. feet of leather, accounting for 10% of the world leather
requirements.
There is no import duty on the import of raw hides and skins, semi-processed
leathers like wet blue, crust leather or finished leather.
Imported leather too is now available to the industry at competitive prices. High
growth potential on exports, the ready availability of leather, the abundance of
essential raw materials and rapid strides in the areas of capacity modernization and
expansion, skill development and environment management, coupled with a
favourable investment climate has made the Indian leather industry a favorable
investment destination.
With 55% of the workforce below the age of 35, the Indian leather industry has one of
the youngest and most productive workforces.
The Indian government has put in place an array of measures for skill development
and skill up gradation of the workforce.

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

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Editorial
Since 1950
Under the National Skill Certification and Monetary Reward Scheme of the National
Skill Development Corporation, financial assistance is given for the training and
certification of both the existing workforce and new workers in the leather industry.
20,000 workers have been enrolled under this scheme for training and certification,
as of August, 2013.
The Human Resources Development sub-scheme under the Indian Leather
Development Programme (ILDP) implemented by the Department of Industrial Policy
and Promotion, aims to provide skill development training to the unemployed for
placement in the leather industry while upgrading skills of the existing workforce at
the shop floor level and imparting training to trainers.
More than 50,000 youth have already been trained and placed in the industry in the
last 100 days with 1,44,000 more expected to be trained annually.
The Footwear Design and Development Institute (FDDI) has established itself as the
premier training institute for the provision of skilled manpower in the leather industry.
It has 53 training centres across the country including eight branches. Another four
branches are being set up.

JILTA

100% Foreign Direct Investment is permitted through the automatic route.


The Integrated Development of Leather Sector (IDLS) sub-scheme implemented
as part of the ILDP has significantly contributed to capacity modernization and
technological up gradation of the leather sector.
Capital goods (machinery) required by the industry can be imported without
import duty underthe Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) Scheme of
Foreign Trade Policy, subject to meeting the export obligation of six times the
duty saved in six years.
As a measure to boost manufacturing in the leather footwear segment, excise
duty has been reduced from 12% to 6% for footwear costing between INR 500
and INR 1000.
The tanning industry has adopted Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems to meet
environmental regulations.
Under leather technology, innovation and environment issues, a sub-scheme
of the Indian Leather Development Programme (ILDP), assistance is provided
for technology benchmarking and environment management for the up
gradation of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs), for Solid Waste
Management and for holding environmental workshops.
State governments have a single window clearance system in place to fasttrack clearances for the establishment of production units.
The entire leather product sector is de-licensed, facilitating expansion on
modern lines with state-of-the-art machinery and equipment.
Under the IDLS sub-scheme of ILDP, 30% grant is provided on the cost of plant
and machinery for Micro and Small units and 20% for other units, with a
ceiling of INR 20 Million for each product line.
Under the MLC sub-scheme of ILDP, 50% grant with a ceiling of INR 1.25 Billion
based on size is provided for the establishment of Mega Leather Clusters to
boost infrastructure facility and support services for production and export.

AUGUST, 2015

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Editorial

Since 1950

Under the Leather Technology, Innovative and Environmental Issues subscheme of ILDP, assistance is provided for up to 50% of the project cost with a
ceiling of INR 500 Million for upgradation/installation of Common Effluent
Treatment Plants (CETPs) to address environmental pollution caused by
leather units.
The National Manufacturing Policy released in Nov. 2011 identifies leather as a
special focus sector, for growth and employment generation.
The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion has notified the Mega
Leather Clusters (MLCs) sub-scheme. Its objective is to create new production
centres for the leather industry with all the required infrastructure and support
services.
Apache Group (Taiwan), Feng Tay Shoes (Taiwan), Itares (Italy) have already
participated in this mission.

All the acknowledgements of these activities go to Department of Industrial Policy and


Promotion (DIPP), Government of India. It may be mentioned in this regard that a bio gas
plant has been sanctioned to be set up in Calcutta Leather Complex by CLRI . The project
has been granted by DIPP. Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology,
Kolkata, Govt. Of West Bengal is also implementing skill development programme in west
Bengal which has also been sanctioned by DIPP. Therefore, our sincerest thanks go to DIPP
for supporting and promoting the cause of leather industry in explicit manner.
We render our heartfelt thanks to the Government of west Bengal for sending elite delegation
to London which has already started bringing cheers among industrialists.

Goutam Mukherjee
Hony. Editor, JILTA

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

13

ILTA News
Since 1950

FROM THE DESK OF THE GENERAL SECRETARY

To,
All Members
ILTA
Dear Member,

An Appeal
You are all kindly aware of the devastation caused to Nepal by the severe earthquake
on 25 th April with continued aftershocks throughout Nepal within 15-20 minutes
interval. It was the most powerful disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 NepalBihar Earthquake.
Upto May 1, 7500 people are reported to have died with over 16000 injured. Death
toll is likely to go up to 15000. Hundreds of thousands of Houses were destroyed over
many districts of the country with entire villages flattened and large number of
families living in Camps requiring food, medicine & water.
As during Aila in May 2009, we would like to extend a helping hand to the earthquake
affected people of Nepal. The Association will donate a sum of Rs. 1.00 Lac. as decided
by the Executive Committee at its 477 th Meeting held on 07.05.2015, when the
Committee also decided to open a separate Bank Account titled ILTA Relief Fund
with Bank of Baroda, SME Kasba Branch.
Accordingly a separate Bank Account titled Indian Leather Technologists
Association - Relief Fund numbered 25600200000288 has already been opened at
the Bank of Baroda, SME Kasba Branch with following details :
Name of A/c Holder

Address of A/c holder :


Name of the Bank
Branch Name
Address of the Bank

:
:
:

Account No.
:
MICR Code
:
RTGS/NEFT IFSC Code :
Swift Code
:

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

Indian Leather Technologists Association


Relief Fund
Sanjoy Bhavan, (3rd Floor), 44, Shanti Pally,
Kasba, Kolkata 700107, West Bengal, India
Bank of Baroda
SME Kasba, Kolkata 700107
837, Rajdanga Main Road, Kolkata 700107
West Bengal, India
25600200000288
700012051
BARBOSSIKAS
BARBINBBCMS

14

ILTA News

Since 1950

We would request you all to donate to this fund to the extent possible.
From time to time the fund will be handed over to Consulate General of Nepal in
Kolkata. This fund will also be used exclusively for relief of the people devastated by
natural calamity in the years to come.
The Association needs your assistance in accumulating this fund and to perform this
noble job for the society.

Reconstitution of the Executive Committee of ILTA for the term 2015-2017:


By the time this issue reaches you, Election process will have been over. Formal
announcement of the result by the Returning Officer will be made in the next AGM scheduled
sometime in September 2015.

65th Foundation Day Celebration of ILTA :


This has been arranged on Friday the 14th August 2015 at State Youth Centre, 142/3, A. J. C. Bose
Road (Near Moulali crossing), Kolkata 700014 from 11.00 hrs. (Registration from 10.00 hrs.).
Dr. Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay, Principal, GCELT, Kolkata has kindly consented to deliver
the prestigious B. M. Das Memorial Lecture titled, East Calcutta Wetland : Source & Sink of
Heavy Metals.
Lunch will be served at the conclusion of the programme.

Discontinuation of e-mail ID :

leather1a@bsnl.in

With BSNL discontinuing providing the facility, one of ILTAs e-mail IDs namely,
leather1a@bsnl.in is discontinued with immediate effect.
Two active e-mail IDs of ILTA are:1) admin@iltaonleather.org
2) mailtoilta@rediffmail.com
With profound grief and a heavy heart we announce the sad untimely demise
of Prateek Sharma, Life Member and the Executive Member of Northern /
Western Regional Committee of ILTA, on 16th July 2015 in a road accident.
May his soul rest in peace and may God give strength to the members of the
bereaved family to bear the irreparable loss.

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

15

ILTA News
Since 1950

You are requested to :a) Kindly inform us your E-Mail ID, Mobile No, Phone No, through E-Mail ID:
admin@iltaonleather.org or over Telephone Nos. : 24413459 / 3429 / 7320.
This will help us to communicate you directly without help of any outsiders like
Postal Department / Courier etc.
b) Kindly mention your Membership No. (If any) against your each and every
communication, so that we can locate you easily in our record.

Susanta Mallick
General Secretary

Execut ive Comm itte e Me mbe rs m eet ever y Thursday


at 18-30 hrs. at ILT A Of fice.
Me mbers wi lling to par tici pate are most we lcom e.

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

16

Article
Since 1950

Novel Keratinase Enzyme from Cyberlindnera Fabianii


NRC3 Aza with Promising Keratin-Biodegradation
and Hide-Dehairing Activities
Azza M. Abdel-fattah1, EL-Shahat H. A. Nashy2*, Manal M. Hussein M. M.3(a),
Ahmed S. Attia 3(b), El-Tahir A. Sabiel4
1.

Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Dept., National Research Center,


Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

2.

Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Dept., National Research


Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

3(a). Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
3(b). Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
4.

Drug Quality Control Dept., National Medicines and Poisons Board, Khartoum, Sudan.

Abstract:
This work aimed at the isolation of new microorganism from keratinous wastes for the
production of keratinase enzyme and its application as a hide dehairing agent. The locally
isolate was a yeast sp. and identified by 16sRNA as Cyberlindnera Fabianii NRC3 Aza. The
process was optimized for the required skin quality taking into account the crude and partial
pure enzyme, contact time, temperature, pH and enzyme fraction (%). Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) was used to show the effect of the enzyme on the grain surface and fibers
in comparison with the chemical dehairing considering the skin quality. The optimization of
the keratinase activity was also examined. The experimental results showed that the contact
time of 45 min. at 37C, for 90% fraction (11152.50 Umg ) was at pH=8.5 & 9.5; for fraction
80% (7664.85 Umg ) was at pH=8 and for fraction 70% (8526.33 Umg ) was at pH=8 & 8.5.
Whereas at 30 min. only the fraction 90% at pH=10.5 gave a good enzymatic dehairing of
animal hide.
The isolate was identified as Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3 aza. SSF is more favorable than SmF
as a selective condition for growth of Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3aza, production of keratinase
enzyme with high specific activity for good hide dehairing as well as environment friendely.
The results obtained and SEM results indicate the possibility of using the enzymes for safe
dehairing of animal skin instead of using chemical compounds to assure good skin quality,
protecting the environment and saving time, water and energy.
* Corresponding Authors e-mail ID: nashy_eha@yahoo.com; elshhat17@yahoo.com

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

17

Article
Since 1950
Keywords: Keratinase enzyme, enzymatic dehairing, animal skin, crude and partial pure
enzymes, scanning electron microscope.
Introduction
Keratinous wastes such as feathers, horns, nails and hair are generated in large quantities
from various industries such as those that process leather and poultry (Gupta and Ramnani
2006). The feathers of poultry are recognized as an important bioresource with an annual
production up to several million tons by the chicken industry in the world (Fernandes 2010).
Currently, only limited amounts of feathers are utilized as feather meal in poultry feedstuffs
.Therefore, degradation of feather keratin is a necessary step prior to application for this
purpose (Teresa and Justyna 2011). Keratin, a major component of feathers, is an insoluble
protein that is tightly packed into rigid fibers with cross-linkage by cysteine bridges. In
Helix (keratin), or sheet ( keratin) structures are linked by sulfide bonds which fold
into initial 3" dimensional form. The long polypeptide chains are stabilized by disulfide
bonds, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, this result in insolubility and resistance
to the activity of nonsubstrate- specific peptidases such as trypsin, pepsin and papain (Park
et al 2007 and Jain 2012). The enzymes capable of degrading keratin are known as keratinolytic
enzymes [E.C.3.4.21/24/99.11] (Brandelli 2010). A number of keratinolytic microorganisms
have been reported, including some species of fungi such as Microsporum (Essien et al
2007) , Trichophyton (Anbu et al 2008) and from bacteria Bacillus (Macedo et al 2005, Cai et al
2008 and Pillai et al 2008) and Streptomyces (Szabo et al 2000, Tatineni et al 2008 and Syed
et al 2009). Hydrolysis of keratin containing wastes by microorganisms possessing
keratinolytic activity represents an attractive alternative method for efficient bioconversion
and improving the nutritional value of keratin wastes, compared to currently used methods
through the development of economically and environmentally friendly technology (Onifade
et al 1998 and Bertsch et al 2005). Keratinolytic enzymes are also increasingly seen as a
reliable alternative to avoid the pollutant problem created by sulfide in tanneries (Jaquess
et al 1999). The potential for the application of enzymatic dehairing in leather production is
considerable, because of the properties of enzymes as highly efficient and selective
catalysts,which reduce the sulfide content in the effluent, allowing the recovery of good
quality hair, and eliminating the bate in the deliming (Raju 1996 and Schraeder et al 1998).
Thus, enzymatic dehairing by microbial proteases may have a relevant economical and
environmental impact in the leather industry.
In leather industry, dehairing process is one step of the beamhouse operations. They include
soaking, liming/dehairing, deliming/bating and pickling steps. Beamhouse operations are
considered one of the main processes in tanning industry in which salted hide is transformed
into pickled hide. They generate large amounts of hazardous wastes, which, can be considered
as the most obnoxious materials in tanning industry, as well as a high consumption of water
(Tanikaivelan et al 2003 and Alexander et al 1991). Figure (1) shows the general processes of
beam house operations and the chemicals which can be used in each process and the byproducts combined for each process as well as the pollution problems. In the normal
dehairing process the usual procedure until now is the application of lime Ca(OH) 2 and
sodium sulfide (Na2 S) (Gerherd John 1998 and Thomas et al). As outlined in Figure (1),

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the liming and dehairing steps are usually performed in one single operation (Jrgen 1995).
The subsequent process must be a de-liming step which uses, in general, ammonium salts
such as (NH4Cl) as a de-liming agent. The result is a flaccid, clean hide and a decrease in pH
value to an acid range.
Most processes of the beamhouse operations usually cause significant pollution (air, water
and sludge) as well as a high consumption of water in the liming/dehairing and de-liming
steps. The pollutants of these two processes are characterized by high alkalinity (excess
lime), sulfide, high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and
ammonia contains high concentrations of suspended solids (skin, hair-mud), oil/grease and
N-compounds (Springer 1994). The organic matter is coming from hydrolytic degradation of
hair keratins and interfibrillar proteins (Cassano et al 1999 and Schrank et al 2005). In addition,
hydrogen sulfide, which is formed by a drop in the pH to the acid range (by subsequent
process), has a very strong smell (rotten egg gas) and is highly toxic gas (deadly poison).
The acidic hydrogen sulfide releasing into the working atmosphere affects the respiratory
system causing breathing problems and corrodes the sewer above the liquid level.
As the pollution problem becomes more and more serious, the governments over the world
are developing more suitable effluent standards. The standard of sulfide in lime/dehair effluent
is 1-2 mg/L. However, it has been stated that sulfide could be treated to zero. It is not possible
to dehaire hides by any sulfide/lime process and depletes the sulfide to such levels. According
to the current legislation on the environment, it has become necessary to replace the most
polluting processes, highly toxic and recalcitrant pollutants, by less polluting technologies
(Cassano et al 1999). In this aspect, enzymes are considered to have a great potential in
developing environmentally friendly technologies. Therefore, enzymatic dehairing has been
a subject of our considerable research (Nashy et al 2005 and 2006). This means that, enzyme
based processes represents an interesting alternative to conventional dehairing methods, where
hides and skins are obvious natural substrates for enzymes (Mukhopadhyay et al 190).The present
study aims at the selection of an environmental microbial strain possessing potent proteolytic
keratinolytic enzyme of potential applicability to efficient and safe application in the dehairing
processing of animal hides. The characterization of maximum enzyme activity and optimal
conditions for hide dehairing were examined.
Materials and Methods
Screening of local microbial isolates for keratinase production
Fourteen microbial species were locally isolated from different keratinous wastes obtained
from poultry farms and tanneries using serial dilutions technique. They were screened for
their ability to hydrolyze keratin in plates with solid medium containing: 10 g milled chicken
feather as the source of keratin and agar 20 g /l, pH 8 (Letourneau et al 1998). A novel
thermophilic microorganism, isolated from leather waste produced in Egyptian tanneries
produced high keratinolytic activity after 3 days of incubation at 37C. The most promising
isolate was identified by Sigma Co. as Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3 aza as a yeast species and
selected for further studies based on its high keratinolytic activity against feathers. The
isolate was maintained on Tryptic-Soy Agar (TSA) slants and stored at 4C.

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Fig 1: Shows the Environmental Impact of Beamhouse Operations


and Liming/Un-hairing & De-liming Steps).
Strain identification
Taxonomic studies and 16S rDNA sequencing
The isolate was identified according to Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (Williams
et al 1989). First DNA was extracted using the GeneJet genomic DNA purification Kit
(Thermo) # K0721 according to manufacturers protocol. This was followed by PCR amplification
using the Maxima Hot Start PCR Master Mix (Thermo) # K1061. PCR Conditions were as
follow: An initial 3min denaturation at 94C. 35 cycles: denaturation at 94C for 1 min, annealing
at 50C for 2 min, and extension at 74C for 1.5 min. followed by a final 5 min extension at
74C. The Primers used were NL 1 (5'- GCATATCAATAAGCGGAGGAAAAG) and NL4 (5'GGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG).
The PCR product was cleaned up using the GeneJET PCR Purification Kit (Thermo) # K0701.
The PCR product was subjected to DNA sequencing, and the obtained sequence was used to
construct a phylogenetic tree using the Biology Work Bench software.
Feather processing
Chicken feather were collected from poultry processing plant .After these feathers had been
soaked in a washing liquid with 1% detergent for degreasing for 12 h, they were washed
carefully using distilled water 10 20 times until clean. Then, the feathers were dried at
60 C and crushed by grinding with a ball mill and sieved through 1-mm pore size sieve.

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Fermentation of the selected strain for keratinase production
Inoculum preparation
Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3aza strain was grown on TSA slants at 37C for 5 days. The spores
were harvested with sterile distilled water containing 0.1% Tween 80 and transferred into
the inoculum medium which composed of (g/l) glucose, 10 ; peptone, 10; yeast extract, 3;
CaCl2.2H2O, (modified from Chitte et.al 1999). 2% of the microbial spore suspension
containing 105 spores ml -1 was used for submerged fermentation (SmF) inoculation and
incubated at 37C for 3 days on a shaker incubator (180 rpm).
Culture media
The basic liquid medium used for the enzyme production was composed of (g/l): chicken
feather, 20; NaCl, 0.5; KH2 PO4 , 0.7; K2 HPO4 , 1.4; MgSO4 , 0.1, pH 7.2 ( Cai et al 2008).
Fermentation was carried out by seeding 3 days-old inoculum of Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3
aza (6 %, v/v) in a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks with 50 ml of the basic liquid medium containing
chicken feather as the sole N and C source at 37C and incubated on a shaker incubator at
180 rpm. Prior to assay the fermentation broth was centrifuged to separate the supernatant.
Preparation of keratin solution
Keratinolytic activity was measured with soluble keratin (0.5%, w/v) as substrate. Soluble
keratin was prepared from white chicken feathers by the method of Wawrzkiewicz et al.
(1987). Native chicken feathers (10 g) in 500 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were heated
in a reflux condenser at 100 C for 2 h. Soluble keratin was then precipitated by the addition
of cold acetone (1 L) at 70 C for 2 h, followed by centrifugation at 10 000g for 10 min. The
resulting precipitate was washed twice with distilled water and dried at -40 C in a vacuum
dryer. One gram of quantified precipitate was dissolved in 20 ml of 0.05 mol/L NaOH. The pH
was adjusted to 8.0 with 0.1 mol/L Tris and 0.1 mol/L HCl and the solution was diluted to 200
ml with 0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0).
Enzyme assay
The keratinolytic activity was assayed as follows: one ml of crude enzyme properly diluted
in Tris-HCl buffer (0.05 mol/L, pH 8.0) was incubated with 1 ml keratin solution at 50 C in a
shaker water bath for 10 min, and the reaction was stopped by adding 2.0 ml 0.4mol/L
trichloroacetic acid (TCA). After centrifugation at 1450g for 30 min, the absorbance of the
supernatant was determined at 280 nm (UV-2102, UNICO Shanghai Corp., China) against a
control. The control was prepared by incubating the enzyme solution with 2.0 ml TCA without
the addition of keratin solution (Gradisr et al 2005). One unit (U/ml) of keratinolytic activity
was defined as an increase of corrected absorbance of 280 nm (A280) with the control for
0.01 per minute under the conditions described above and calculated by the following
equation: U=4nA280/(0.0110), where n is the dilution rate; 4 is the final reaction volume
(ml); 10 is the incubation time (min).

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Determination of protein concentration
The soluble protein concentration was determined by the Lowry method (using bovine serum
albumin as a standard (Lowry et al 1951).
Production of keratinase by solid state fermentation (SSF)
This was achieved by the fermentation of Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3 aza on solid waste
medium composed of 10 g feather, 10 g wheat bran, 10 g feather+0.05 wheat bran and 10 g
wheat bran+0.05 feather, which were prepared in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks and moistened
with 10 ml of the basal medium at pH 7.2 (100% moisture content). The flasks were inoculated
with freshly prepared (30%) inoculum and incubated for 72 h at 37C (the optimum time of
keratinase activity) (El-Gendy 2010).
Enzyme extraction
The content of each flask was mixed with 100 ml of 0.1% Tween 80 in distilled H2O and
shaken for 1 h at 180 rpm at room temperature. The solid mat was separated using a mesh
cloth; then, the cell extracts were centrifuged in a cooling centrifuge at 10 000 rpm for 20
min (Azza 2013). The supernatant was then used for the enzyme and protein assay.
Partial purification of the keratinase enzyme and determination of its specific activity
The partial purification of keratinase enzyme from culture filtrate was done by ammonium
sulfate precipitation. The culture filtrate/ cell free extract was saturated with ammonium
sulfate to get 50 percent saturation and the samples were incubated in ice bath (0C) for two
hours to facilitate precipitation of the protein fraction. The samples were centrifuged at 15,000
rpm for 20 minutes at 4C. The pellet was collected and dissolved in a minimum volume of
Tris-HCl buffer (0.05M pH =8). The filtrate was subsequently saturated to 60%, 70%, 80%,
90% and 100% respectively and the fractions were collected. The samples were dialyzed
against 0.01M of the same buffer for 16hrs, and these fractions were taken as partially purified
enzyme. The total protein of the partially purified enzyme fractions was estimated and the
keratinase activity of all the samples was determined by the procedure described above.
Enzymatic dehairing by Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3 aza
To optimize the conditions for enzyme dehairing of animal skin, a piece of alcohol sterilized
animal skin (5g) was transferred under aseptic conditions to a 250m1 conical flask containing
2m1 of crude enzyme solution and 48m1 of sterile carbonate and/or bicarbonate buffer
solution. The flasks were subjected to different temperatures, contact times, pH and shaking
frequency (rpm). Sodium azide (0.02% final concentration) was used for preservation. Samples
were taken for dehairing examination at different time intervals. The animal skin was not
sterilized by autoclaving to avoid exceeding the shrinkage temperature (55C).

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Dehairing of skin by Na2S/Lime
Bovine hides were soaked in 10% NaCl for 15 min, and then washed twice with surfactant or
wetting agent (Egyptol PLM). The hides were subjected to the dehairing process as follows:
the hides were limed for 30min and then 3% Na2S was added in two portions for 2 hr. The
dehaired hides were delimed with NH4CI and washed 3 times with water.
Results
There is a great need to isolate a variety of different microorganisms and their enzymes for
the studies of keratin hydrolysis. In this way we can probe the process of feather degradation
under variable biological and enzymatic conditions (Ichida et al 2001). Preliminary screening
of different locally isolated microbial strains for clarification of ball-milled feather plates
showed that one isolate exhibited the highest keratinolytic activity (1706.67U/ml) in its
culture supernatant. The promising keratin-degrading strain was isolated from leather.
Moreover, it presented pronounced growth and complete hydrolysis of native chicken
feathers. T his isolate was designated NRC3 aza and selected for identification,
characterization and optimization studies.
Identification and characterization of the selected strain
Phylognetic analysis of 16S rDNA
Phylognetic analysis based of the 16S rDNA sequence of strain NRC3 aza exhibited a high
level of homology (96%) with the sequence of Pichia fabianii 26S ribosomal RNA gene, (Fig.2).
The sequence (1,496 bp) was submitted to Gen- Bank under the accession number EF
550321.1. The isolate was suggested to be a novel species of candida and was designated as
Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3 aza.
The time course of keratinase production by Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3 aza culture grown
in minimal liquid medium with 1% (w/v) whole feather as its primary source of carbon,
nitrogen and energy is presented in Fig. 3. The keratinolytic activity of the culture filtrate
appeared on the first day and achieved its maximum level (1706.67 U/ml 183.51U/mg proteins)
on the third day of submerged fermentation (SmF). Complete solubilization of the solid
feather occurred by day 4 of cultivation as the culture solution appeared as a suspension Fig.
3. This could offer tremendous potential for development of biotechnological methods for
the hydrolysis of feather and its utilization as a feedstuff. Therefore, the present work provides
new data on chicken feather degradation by a novel isolate. It is evident that Cyberlindnera
fabianii NRC3 aza very efficiently degraded chicken feather with maximum enzyme activity
in a short period of incubation (72 h). This is in agreement with earlier studies (Wawrzkiewicz
et al 1987 and Gradisr et al 2005). Moreover, it is shorter than that of Streptomyces lavendulae
which required 7 days for maximum keratinase production (Lowry et al 1951) and Bacillus
licheniformis PWD-1 which degraded intact feather completely at 50 C in 10 days (38).

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Fig 2: Phylogentic tree based on the 16S rDNA sequence of strain Cyberlindnera
fabianii NRC3 aza within the genus Candida. The tree was constructed by
analyzing approximately 1496 bp of the sequence with CLUSTRAL W 16S rDNA
sequence alignments using the program Biology Work Bench

Fig 3: The average of keratinolytic specific activity during growth of Cyberlindnera


fabianii NRC3 aza in whole feather medium at 37 C and initial pH 7.5

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Solid State Fermentation (SSF)
The results in Table 1, illustrated the production of keratinase enzymes using the solid poultry
feather waste and the agro industrial waste (wheat bran) as the sole C and N source. Complete
feather degradation was achieved when Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3aza was grown on different
combinations of feather and wheat bran as the substrate, producing maximum keratinase
activity on the whole-feather substrate (15333.3 Ug -, 709.88 Umg - ). However, the Candida
isolate, produced active keratinase on the whole wheat bran substrate (15453.3 Ug-, 321.27
Ug-). Wheat bran as one of the important agro-industrial wastes, was used for the production
of microbial enzymes on SSF (George et al 1995 and Purushotham et al 1996). The
Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3 aza produced keratinase enzyme both inducibly and
constitutively; which was similar to the result obtained by El-Gendy (2010) who produced
keratinase enzyme constitutively on solid rice straw. In consideration of economics and
technology, it was shown that SSF has several advantages over the SmF in producing products
for the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries, especially for yeast cultures.
In addition, it is a simple, cost-effective, and environmental friendly process for the solid
waste management of feather and other keratinous wastes; it is also a potential method to
improve the nutritional value of keratinous wastes as feed supplements. However, SSF include
high volumetric productivity, relatively high concentration of product, generation of less
effluent, simple fermentation equipment, and purification procedures, which are less costly.
Additionally, the advantages of using low-cost natural material in SSF processes, which greatly
reduces pollution problems, are of special economic interest for the countries with abundance
of biomass, agro industrial, and poultry residues.

(To be continued to next issue)

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NEWS Corner
Since 1950
STAHL SPONSORS THE XXXIII IULTCS CONGRESS: COMPANY SEES THE MEETING AS
AN OPPORTUNITY TO ACCELERATE NEW TECHNOLOGIES
Committed to not only developed chemical products for leather and skin processing, Stahl
is also proud to have its technicians inside partner companies for 80% of their time, so to
ensure the better use of its top solutions.
Guided by the idea that what can be imagined, can be created the company, established in
the Netherlands, invests significantly in research and development. Its proposal is to always
be ahead, serving the industrys needs. Seeing the XXXIII IULTCS Congress (International
Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies) as an opportunity to accelerate the
announcement of new technologies, Stahl now joins the events list of sponsors.
As the events silver sponsor, Stahl believes that gathering the most important researchers
within the area can be extremely positive for the worldwide leather industry, as it will sure
bring a rich knowledge exchange as well as a relevant updates regarding latest improvements
in the sector.
The XXXIII IULTCS Congress takes place between November 24th and 27th, in Novo Hamburgo,
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
The country has not hosted the meeting for over 20 years. In this edition, the Congress looks
forward to receive professionals from more than 24 different countries.
For more information about the event, please visit:www.iultcs2015.org
(Press release XXXIII IULTCS Congress Communications 55(51) 8057 1632)
ARMY PLANS TO GIVE THE BOOT TO CANVAS FOR JAWANS
The thin brown canvas PT shoes used by Indian Army soldiers could soon make way for
sport shoes.
After an earlier attempt to replace the World War II vintage canvas shoes failed to take off a
couple of years ago, the Army now plans to go for an existing sports shoe manufactured by a
multinational brand.
The army had previously asked shoe manufacturers to design a completely new sports shoe
for soldiers. Different shoes are being evaluated by certain units and the Army is hopeful of
signing a contract soon.
The canvas PT shoes has not seen any improvement in quality since it entered the service.
Todays jawans dont like to wear those shoes. They are paid good salaries and wear smart
sneakers when they are in civil dress. In fact we give our units basketball and cross country
teams branded sports shoes from our own regimental funds, a Colonel Commanding an
infantry battalion told the media.

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A senior military official said the Armys top brass realizes that we need to manage the
perception of our jawans better, in tune with changing times.
(Indian Express 09/07/2015)
CHINAS FOOTWEAR EXPORTS INCREASE BY 11.8%
Despite the positive performance of the footwear industry in other Asian countries, China
continues to grow at an impressive pace.
In 2014, China exported 53.8 billion US dollars worth of footwear, an increase of 11.8%
compared to 48.4 billion US dollars in 2013.
The US consolidated its position as the main destination market for Chinese footwear, with
a 2.6% share in total footwear exports. Sales of Chinas footwear to the US market increased
by 4.6% in 2014, compared to 2013, totaling 13.7 billion US doller.
Three countries follow with a 5% share, Russian Federation, Japan and United Kingdom, but
all with different growth dynamics. Exports to the Russian Federation increased by 5.7%,
from 2.5 billion to 2.7 billion US dollars, while sales to Japan decreased by 2.3%, from 2.6
billion in 2013 to 2.5 billon US Dollars in 2014. Exports to the United Kingdom grew by 25.7%,
from 1.9 billion to 2.5 billion US dollars.
Sales to Kazakhstan doubled in a year, going from 1.0 billion US dollars in 2013 to 2.2 billion
US dollar in 2014. Sales to the Republic of Korea are also worth mentioning with 71.3% growth,
from 0.67 billion to 1.15 billion US dollar.
(Indian Leather June 2015)

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Model HR Encounters and Practices


Dr. Goutam Mukherjee*
Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, Kolkata
As a fresher, we often experience a lot of anxiety before we go to attend an interview. The
only solution to this anxiety is good preparation. Here are some questions which we can
expect to be asked during our HR interview with a probable way to answer them:
1) Introduce yourself
This question is usually the first question they HR might ask you. This question could form a
basis for further discussion.

Discuss your family background in short

Discuss your qualification

Discuss your characteristics that will help you professionally

Discuss your interest, hobbies

Tell me something about yourself that is no written in your resume.


If you missed out on some points while writing your resume this is your chance to discuss
them:

Whenever talking about yourself, be confident, but not over confident.

Do not praise yourself all the time

You could discuss some personal traits or achievements

2) Did you face any difficulty in finding this place?


The interviewer usually asks this question to initiate discussion and put the candidate to
ease. You can smile and answer this question by saying: It wasnt difficult to find this place.
3) Tell me something about yourself.
This is the most commonly asked first question in any interview and the one which can set
a ground for rest of your interview. You may include details like: Your education background
(not beyond 12th standard), some information about your family fathers profession, mothers
* Corresponding Authors e-mail ID : gmclt@hotmail.com; gmgcelt@gmail.com

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profession, number of siblings (no need to get into their educational details) and some
information about your extracurricular activities or hobbies.
4) Why does this role interest you? Or why have you applied for this job?
The purpose of this question is to see if you are really interested in this job or you applied to
this job just because you are jobless. Relate the job requirements with your candidature and
explain why do you believe you are a suitable candidate for this job.
5) Why do you think should we take you for this job?
This is another way of asking the last question. A company will want to hire you if you can
add some value to it. So, focus your answer on your skills and how they can be helpful for the
position you are being interviewed for. Also, tell them about your ability to grasp new things
quickly, adjust well into a team and flexible attitude. These are the qualities that employers
usually seek in a fresh graduate. Do not express your capability beyond believable limit as
you are fresher.
Remember to keep an example ready for each personal quality you offer from you own life.
6) Are you an Introvert or Extrovert?
Being on either of the extremes at work can be bad for you and the company. Your behaviour
at work should be as per the requirement. To answer this question you can say something
like: I behave as per the requirement of the situation. For example, if I am representing the
company at an event which requires me to talk to a lot of people and I am an extrovert by
nature while if there is some serious issue under discussion, I must think quietly and deeply
on it listen patiently without making comment until and unless required for.
7) What is your greatest strength?
This is also one of the most commonly asked questions in any interview. Your answer to this
question demonstrates your preparedness for the interview. Your same set of strengths can
not be an advantage in every interview and for every sort of post. This needs you to tailor
make your answer as per the requirement of the position you are being interviewed for.
Before every interview, analyse the requirements of the role carefully and list out the qualities
required to perform that role. Now, make a list of the qualities you have and match them with
the requirements. You can offer these qualities as your strength for the role. Try to know
about the nature of job/ details of company from website well in advance to impress
interviewer/s.
8) What do you want to achieve in the next 5 years?
This answer shows your ability to make plans for yourself, have an ambitious but realistic
plan:

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If you are interested in Management, say you would like to take up a part-time
course/full time course in n years of time period.

9) Are you willing to change your project / profile when required?


This is very important for a company, they want employees who are willing to change roles,
to meet business demands. So, the typical answer here will be Yes. Pronounce I understand
it will be in best interest of the business, if my manager wants me to develop my skills and
take up another role.
10) What skills do you want to develop to succeed in the assigned role?
Again talk about some key skills that are necessary for the role, this will show them that you
are ready to learn and are aware of your shortcomings. Tell them that you, as a fresher, have
the ability but formal training to enhance your skills for a professional environment is needed.
11) Are you planning to go for further studies?
This answer needs to be answered carefully and skillfully. They want to know whether you
are going to stay for long or you are just there to use their training resources and then say
goodbye in 6 months time.

If you are pursuing further studies, say so. Tell them why you want to go for
that course
If you are taking up a distance education course or a part time course, they
should know, as you will need to take leaves when you appear for examinations.

12) What newspaper/magazine/book do you read?

Browse through the newspaper that morning they might ask you what was the
front page headline, they might ask you your favorite columnists names.

Same goes for the magazine, make sure you have read the last edition when
giving names of books, remember the author(s) name(s) and be ready to give
out some summary of the book.

13) Do you know anyone who works with this company?


It is good if you do not know anyone, but if you know it will be good to give out the name:

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This shows them about your level of interest, and it is obvious that you have learnt
about the company or the role you have to perform from him.

They could ask that person for your reference

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14) Do you have any other offer at hand?
This is usually a closing question and they might want to know how actively you are looking
for a job. Usually give an honest answer and say why you are looking for another job with
that offer at hand. Follow examples of Three Idiots in reality. Be honest and bold in your
answer. So that people feel that though you need the job but you are not begging for it but
claiming it by your sincerity
15) Do you have any questions for us?
Always have a question ready to answer this one:

You can ask whether the company allows for lateral and vertical role changes

You can also ask whether the company encourages learning and development
of employees

Ask whether the company has plans for expansion

You can also discuss your role in detail

16) What is your greatest weakness?


This is another common question which increases the anxiety level of the candidate. The
interviewer is not interested in your answer unless you tell about a weakness which will
directly affect the work. He is more interested in the way you deal with the uneasy question.
Here are some ways to deal with the question:
a) Offer a weakness absolutely un-related to work For e.g. I cant cook though I have
been
staying alone for years now.
b) Offer a strength posing it to be a weakness For e.g. My friends often accuse me of
being
too conscious about the time to do everything but for me it is discipline and
punctuality.
c) Offer a humorous weakness For e.g. I have a passion for speed and bikes are my
weakness.
17) What is your greatest achievement?
The model answer can be like this: I stood first in the order of merit in class Xth standard
sounds like that you havent achieved anything big since then. Find out something from the
near past that makes you proud of yourself. If you do not find an answer to this question in
your professional or academic life, it is absolutely fine to offer an answer from your social
life. For e.g. I managed to save the life of an accident struck stranger by taking him to the

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hospital on time and donating a bottle of blood for him. This example demonstrates that you
are a responsible person.
18) What was your biggest mistake?
To answer this question try to find out a mistake you did long back. It demonstrates that you
have not committed a mistake as big as that since then. Just the time sequence will be
opposite to answer of question no. 17.
19) You do not have all the experience we are seeking for this position. How can you
claim the job?
As a fresher you will not have much experience of working on various projects and even
employers are aware about it. Offer your ability to grasp new things quickly as a solution to
this and other committed strengths as marks of your deservingness.
20) Where do you expect to see yourself 5 years from now?
The purpose of this question is to realise if the candidate is ambitious enough to grow.
Recruiting a fresh candidate is time consuming aspect for a company and costly affair so
they also want to see if the candidate is realistically ambitious to stay in the company for
long.
You can say something like 5 years down the line I would like to see myself in a responsible
position where I can make important decisions for company and the company treats me as
its asset. I am sure that this company can offer me such opportunities for growth.
21) Are you speaking to some other companies? Or how is your job search going on?
The purpose of this question is to see if other companies are also interested in hiring you. If
you are in discussion with some other companies you can say, Yes, I am in discussion with
some other companies and waiting for the results. This will manifest your competitive attitude
and your position of merit.
22) Which companies are you talking to?
This can be the very obvious next question you may face. If you are not comfortable in revealing
the names of the companies you can simply say, I respect the confidentiality of those
companies so I would not like to name them in the interview. This will express your
commitment towards any petty thing too.
23) Why havent you got a job yet?
This question will usually arise if it has been sometime since you finished your studies and
are still in the market without a job.

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You can say that, I had been offered some tempting positions in the last few days but had to
turn them down as I did not find them right for my candidature. You can follow it up with
some examples. But the answer has to be made in realistic manner.
24) Are you ready to relocate?
Say yes only if you mean yes. The employer might be planning to recruit you for a position in
some other city or might have a plan to shift you after some months. Giving them a false
hope will not be good on your part professionally.
25) Are you ambitious?
The purpose of this question is to see if the candidate is ambitious enough to grow. Recruiting
a candidate is a time consuming and costly affair so they also want to see if the candidate is
over ambitious to stay in the company for long.
26) How do you feel about doing repetitive work?
Any job you take up will have an element of redundancy and the interviewer wants to see if
you get bored of it. You can say something like: I like to do creative work but I also know that
any job has an element of redundancy. So, it is fine with me.
27) Are there any kinds of people you cannot work with?
Most of the work these days requires you to work in teams. This needs you to be able to
adjust with all type of people. So, you can say something like, I am fine with working all type
of people as long as they are sincere to their work. Citing some social works e.g. organizer in
puja committee, blood donation camp will manifest you teaming attitude.
28) If you face a problem with your own performance, what would you do?
Your answer to this question signifies whether you can identify problems with yourself or
not. So, you can say something like: If I see a problem with my own performance, Ill try to
find out and analyse the factors behind it & work on each of them.
29) How many local trains run in Mumbai?
Even the employer may not know the answer to such questions. The purpose of asking it is to
see your prompt reaction when you are asked about unexpected things. To deal with such a
question, you can start thinking vividly in a logical way and offer an answer.
This demonstrates your logical abilities.
30) In a catastrophic situation like fire what you will do?
The purpose here again is to see your reaction in such situations. They do not expect you to
do anything heroic. You can say something like: First of all Ill ensure my safety and
immediately inform the fire department of the company and city to come to help. If I am in a

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position to help some people, Ill definitely do that. Such answer will never express your
selfishness as you are also asset of the organization.
31) How much salary do you expect?
As a fresher you will usually not have much bargaining power in terms of salary. Still, you can ask
the interviewer about the package they usually offer to fresher graduates. Most of the big
companies have a fixed salary for each level and there will not be a room for much negotiation.
However, if you are required to spell out a figure, offer a range rather than an exact figure. For
example you can say something like: I expect something around mid twenties.
32) What will you do if you are offered a job with a salary higher than this?
As discussed, recruitment is a time consuming and costly affair. A company will not want to
hire a candidate who will switch the job for a couple of thousands.
To answer this question you can say something like, I know that attraction of money but at
this point in time growth is more important for me. In such a situation, Ill discuss the growth
opportunities with my manager and analyse the situation. If I see a growth potential in the
same company, I will continue to work. However, if I dont see any further growth, Ill humbly
inform him about my decision to move on.
33) Do you want to ask us something about the company?
Not asking any questions back demonstrates lack interest in the job, dullness or lack of
research about the company.
When you are asked this question, you can ask some interesting questions like the
opportunities for you to grow in the company, the expansion plans of the company and the
chances for you to grow there.
If the company has been in news recently, you can ask questions related to that also.
Model HR interview questions and answers for senior executives:
1) Assuming that you are selected, what will be your strategy for next 60 days?
Answer: If I am selected for this position, Ill use my initial 60 days in understanding my role
carefully in terms of the contribution to the business and increasing the overall profitability.
Ill sit with my line manager and other juniors to understand what has already been done
and what its impact has been. From there on, Ill formulate my strategy to growth in close
conjunction with managers and see that it is properly implemented.
2) How would you improve upon our product/ company?
Answer: Since I would be coming from an altogether new environment, I am bound to possess
a new perspective towards everything here including the company, product, customers,

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environment, strategy etc. This will enable me to constructively question things which anyone else
here might not do. This will help in improving the things and making the product & company better.
Having worked closely with product development team I understand how the research for
product development is carried out and how is customer requirement analysed; I would be
able to provide a value addition there too.
3) Dont you think, you are overqualified for this position?
Answer: You might feel that I possess more degrees than you require for this position. Model
answer will be like: I believe that I grow everyday when I talk to my staff, customers and
superiors. So, basically the learning process continues throughout the life I dont think I
am over qualified.
4) Have you ever had a problem with your peer? Can you give us an example?
Answer: Yes, it happened once. I was quite friendly with a colleague of mine from the other
department. While talking to him during the lunch hour, I casually told him about the new
marketing strategy that the marketing team was thinking about. He mentioned it to his boss
and that caused a lot of confusion between the two departments. This taught me a lesson
that you must not discuss any departmental strategies with anyone from other department
unless you have been authorised by your boss.
5) I see, theres some gap in your work history. Why?
Answer: Yes, I was feeling exhausted after years of non-stop work. So, I decided to take a
break and spend some time with my family on a rejuvenating vacation. I am happy to have
returned fully recharged.
6) Can you tell us something about your previous boss?
Answer: All my bosses possessed some skills worth learning. I have always tried to learn
something new from them including my previous boss.
7) Is there anything that you do not like about your last or current job?
Answer: I was quite enthusiastic while joining my last job. Towards the end, the number of
challenges and opportunity to grow further started diminishing. A challenge loving and growth
oriented person like me doesnt enjoy this.
8) Have there been instances, when your decision was challenged by your colleague or
manager?
Answer: Yes, there have been many such instances. I like people who challenge my decisions
rather than following me blindly. This keeps me ensured that I am surrounded by thinking
brains rather than just a set of dumb followers. When someone challenges your decisions,
you are bound to rethink over it and the chances of reaching the best option are brighter.

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9) If you are allowed to change one thing about your last job, what would it be?
Answer: I have been working at a senior level since last many years. These roles have always
needed me to make real time decisions. Sometimes the facts, figures and other information
in real time cases are not complete & still we have to make a decision. In such cases, there
exists a probability of making inaccurate decisions.
Knowing this, I usually run down my old decisions to see the outcome. It makes sure that I
dont repeat a mistake ever again in future. While carrying out one such exercise, I realised
that the product promotion strategy that I recommended would have been different, if I had
had the complete data and figures but there was no way to get them in real time.
10) How long can you commit to work with us?
Answer: I like new challenges and a chance to grow. As long I keeping getting these, I dont
think Ill need to switch over. Id like to believe that this relationship lasts for many years.
However, I havent set a time limit as such.
11) You seem to be drawing a good salary. Will you be OK in taking a salary cut?
Answer: I believe that at one point of time in career salary becomes secondary and self
actualization become more important. While taking up any new job, it will be my priority to
ensure that the work culture, chances to contribute and grow are sufficient along with the
money I am paid. I also believe that any good company who cares about its employees ensures
that they are paid well.
12. What is your expected salary?
Answer: I believe that an ideal remuneration for any position recognises the ability, rewards
the performance and provides the employee an opportunity to indulge in his hobbies and
passions. I am sure that this company also takes care of these.
13. Would you like to ask us anything?
Answer: I would like to know about the career growth I can expect being with this company.
I am quite an ambitious person and this information will be helpful.
Modern day HR Interview questions and answers:
Going to face an HR interview? Dont be surprised if you do not get asked the age old questions
like Why should we hire you? Or Tell us your two strengths/ weaknesses. Instead, expect
to see the unexpected.
Being tired of mundane questions with typical answers, HR interviewers are now
replacing the traditional HR interview questions with modern impeccable questions.
The focus is on discovering the various aspects of a candidates personality with questions
based on practical situations.

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1. Can you tell me about the most exciting aspect of your job?
Answer: The purpose of this question is to see how excited you are about the things you do
and your inclination towards any particular thing.
To answer this question, discuss about the important things that you do in your job and then
go on to explain any particular thing that you like to do the most. Also, explain the reasons
behind liking that particular activity.
For e.g. Being in the field of marketing some of my important responsibilities are getting
the collaterals developed, interacting with the online and print media, crafting effective
marketing messages, training the new recruits etc. Having an interest in training I find,
training the new recruits and getting them hit the road most exciting.
This tells the recruiter that given a job to manage a team of new recruits, you will be able to
handle them well.
2. If you are asked to do something different in your job, what would it be? Why?
Answer: The purpose of this question is to check your ability to think logically out of the
box and take an action.
This question can be answered by telling the recruiter about something that you think can make
a difference to the job you are currently doing. For a better explanation, convert the actions you
propose into results. Also, at this point in time, you need to tell them about the action you have
taken with your proposal this saves you from being perceived just as a thinker.
For e.g. I believe that communicating the information of our new ad-campaign to the internal
team will motivate everyone and also have them perform with more vigour. The template for
this is in process and very soon we will see it in action.
3. Has there been a time when you went beyond your job role? How did you take up the challenge?
Answer: This question aims to see, if you are happy to extend yourself beyond your regular
job or do you like to perform only a given set of activities. This is also a test of your flexibility.
Explain about how you went about doing that extra thing focussing on its effect on the
organization.
For e.g. I have been working in my current company for last 4 years, so I know the business
pretty well. Whenever theres a new initiative required to be taken in the business, I am one
of the very first choices of the top management. Some time back the company decided to
start a new department whose responsibility will be to attract new customers. Initially it
was to be done on the trial basis and I was given the responsibility to perform this trial. I
could do it successfully, without much assistance from the seniors. Today, this department
has 5 employees working in it and the business has grown up by 40%.

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4. Describe the work environment of your dream job.
Answer: Many employees leave the job or are laid off because they are a misfit to the work
environment. The purpose of this question is to see if your perception of a good work
environment is similar to the environment in this organization.
Theres no wrong or right answer for this question. Communicate the factors important to
you in your work environment. Additionally, you can ask them about the work environment
in the company when given a chance.
5. Describe your imaginary co-worker to us.
Answer: Your imagination about your co-workers helps the interviewer in understanding
your readiness to take up a particular position, your team playing attitude and your style of
management.
For example, if you are being interviewed for a managerial position, you can say something
like: Being the leader of team, I would like my team to be full of energy and vigour. They
should be able to think creatively and put across their views without any fear. While being
independent thinkers, they must respect the discipline at work and focus on performance. I
would appreciate that each team member must respect each others views and yes, Ill
ensure that they get a congenial environment to work in.
6. Describe your imaginary boss.
Answer: Your answer to this question gives the interviewer an insight into your style of
management and your ability to get along with the boss.
Answer this question by focussing on the qualities you may seek in your boss like good
knowledge, respect for team members, understanding, good sense of humour which every
boss would like to think, they have in abundance. Make sure that at no point of time, your
answer shows that you need a boss who doesnt question you back or gives you too much liberty
as this might mean that you do not like discipline and cant get along well with people.
7. Describe your work life as a news headline. Why would it be so?
Answer: Prima facie this may look like a question testing your creative skills but dont go by
the looks of it. This is the twisted form of our traditional question Tell us something about
yourself. So, define your work life and provide it a good heading. Sum up the factors that
make you choose the heading.
8. Have you ever been in a situation where significant change was made to your team,
department or organisation? How did you adjust? Did you feel victimized?
Answer: The purpose of this question is to check your adaptability and flexibility. Answer
this question by mentioning the change that was made but the main focus should be on how
you adjusted in that situation and the results you achieved afterwards.

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For example you can say something like, Being an early joiner in the marketing team, I
opened a lot of new customer accounts. Over the time the team grew and we had more
people in the team opening more accounts. At one point of time, we had to re-distribute the
accounts area wise so that a particular territory can be allotted to each one of us. This redistribution meant loss of my high performing accounts and a requirement to develop new
accounts in the assigned territory. Initially, it looked difficult but I could understand the
need for this re-distribution and saw more opportunities for the company and myself. I
introduced my colleagues to the old accounts I held and started strategizing for better ways
to tap the new territory. Within 6 months, I could develop 50 new accounts with the help of
new strategy. Usually we would achieve this result in 9 months to a year.
9. Have you ever conducted an on the job training? Describe your experience.
This question tests your subject knowledge, training capabilities and communication skills.
Explain the interviewer, the role you held, the training plan and material you developed and
the actual training you imparted. Focus on how you measured the performance and how
soon could you get the new recruits hit the ground running.
10. Have you ever felt being overloaded with work? How did you deal with it?
The purpose of this question is not to see whether you feel overwhelmed by work because
at some point of time all of us experience that. The basic purpose of the question is to see
how you do handle it.
Discuss the strategies like prioritizing the work, taking quick actions, striking off the
completed items from the list, delegation etc. or anything else you do to handle the work
pressure.
They demonstrate your ability to manage different things effectively.
11. Have you had a chance to give feedback about another person? How did it help them?
This question aims to check your ability to analyse others and communicate your thoughts.
Focus your answer on the factors, on which your assessment was based and the way you
communicated it.
12. Give an example where you had a hot discussion with an internal party or external party.
On the face of it this may sound like a question trying to check your temper but the real
purpose is to see who caused the problem and what role did you play in it were you the
one who caused the problem or solved it?
To answer the question you may chose an example, mention about the problem and focus
on how you went about solving the problem.

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For e.g. I was pretty upset with the way one of my colleagues was working as my activities
were dependent on what he did. I tried to explain it to him but he would turn a deaf ear to it.
One fine day we had an argument over it I decided to solve it between us as our manager
was occupied with something more important. I proposed that we discussed it in the meeting
room rather than in open. I told him how his activities were having a negative impact on his
and my work & the department as a whole. I listened to his point of views as well and realised
that he had not understood the process well. We spent two hours together understanding
and streamlining the process. Once we implemented this process, we saw our problems
going down and our performance improved.
13. Have you ever given a feedback on anyones poor performance?
It may look like the interviewer is trying to judge your back-biting habit but the real purpose
of the question is to see if you take proactive measures in things which you think may harm
the company and inform the stakeholders.
Focus your answer on your proactive approach and the process you adopted to give the feedback.
14. Has there been any chance when your boss was not very happy with your performance?
Not being able to perform well on certain things is not a problem. The purpose here is to
see what did you do about your poor performance? Were you able to analyse the reasons for
your poor performances? How did you deal with them?
A person who can assess his own performance is a great asset for a manager. Discuss about
how you analysed your performance and took corrective actions to answer this question.
15. How would you deal with a team member who is consistently underperforming?
As a manager you will come across team members who do not perform well. With this
question, the interviewer tries to see your way of dealing with underperforming employees
and your ability to make hard decisions if their performance doesnt improve.
Explain about the steps like counselling, training, job rotation you would take to help the
employee improve his performance & ultimately your ability to make the hard decision if
nothing works.
16. Tell me about yourself.
This is normal and most sought after question in any interview. If you go with preparation,
you will feel light and look convincing. Your answer should match up with the job requirement.
You need to be specific and relevant to the need.
Just remember, you must sell what the buyer is buying. Thus, it is imperative to unearth the
depth of requirement before appearing for an interview. After doing so, cherry pick only
those skills and experience that the interviewer is trying to buy while projecting yourself.

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While answering this question, you can well set up ground for next and possible follow-up
question. Just end you answer at a point which can be a base for a subsequent question.
17. What are your greatest strengths?
Here you can speak about your strengths but please ensure to state only buyable strengths.
Dont bore him by bragging about yourself.
Reading and analyzing job profile before appearing for an interview is imperative in order
to match up your response with the need. You can answer this question by adding some of
the strengths that are relevant to the job profile.
18. What are your greatest weaknesses?
The best strategy is to disguise strength as a weakness. You can even state a weakness that
is irrelevant to your work. Please dont say that you dont have any weakness. Everyone has
some weaknesses and nothing wrong in accepting them.
19. Why are you leaving current position?
This is very important and make sure youve prepared a brief reason for leaving. You can give
reasons like opportunity, responsibility or growth. You can say that job redundancy is one reason
but reassure that you are not against redundant job but it should offer some sort of challenge.
20. Why should I hire you?
To answer this question, you should well aware of the need of the employer. Help the employer
to take decision and spell out the skills you possess. Try to convince that you are the one
who can fulfill the vacuum for the post. Quote you previous similar experience if any.
21. Arent you overqualified for this position?
With this question, the employer is trying to gauge if he can expect a long-term commitment. It
is entirely on you to mould you answer in such a way that would erode doubt from his mind.
Anything you can say to demonstrate the sincerity of your commitment to the employer and
reassure him that youre looking to stay for the long-term will help you overcome this objection.
22. Where do you see yourself in five years from now?
You can say that you prefer to work on the assignment at hand with excellence and believe
that future opportunities would be taken care of themselves. Instead of think too much for
future course, you prefer to be in present and perform.
23. Why do you want to work at our company?
You can come out with best answer to this only when you have done in-depth research

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Go though annual reports, the corporate newsletter, and contacts you know at the company
or its suppliers, advertisements, articles about the company in the trade press.
24. What are your career options right now?
You can be honest about prospective options at hand by adding that though youre greatly
appreciated in you present company but you are looking for more challenging and responsible
work. If you are a fresher you can say that you are already in touch with few companies but
nothing have materialized as yet. You are eying a positive result here and sure of your job
hunting end here.
25. Why have you been out of work so long?
You need to emphasize factors that have prolonged your job search by your own choice. You can
attribute recession as one of the factor stating that not many opportunities are in the offer.
26. What are the bad qualities you present boss does possess?
Remember the rule: Never be negative. Stress only the good points, no matter how charmingly
youre invited to be critical.
He wants to find out how loyal and positive you are, and whether youll criticize him behind
his back if pressed to do so by someone in this own company. This question is your opportunity
to demonstrate your loyalty to those you work with.
27. What good books have you read lately?
This is not a usual question unless you are up for a position in academia or as book critic. But
if you come across such question, you can talk about any work related book that you gone
through if any.
You can also talk about any other books that you have recently read. If you are not a book
freak, you can state that you usually hook to the newspaper.
28. Tell me about a situation when your work was criticized.
Your honest answer will always score high for you. You can quote one of the situations where
you were at the receiving end and how you coped up and overhauled the situation. You can
also state the lesson and experience you earned.
29. How do you feel about reporting to a younger person (minority, woman, etc)?
You can say that you always prefer to work in the environment where hires and promotes are
done on merit alone. The age (gender, race, etc.) of the person would certainly make no difference
to you. You believe that anyone who is entrusted with certain job must have earned it.

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30. How could you have improved your career progress?
State that you are quite happy with your career progress barring few mistakes that could be
avoided. Highlight some of mistakes you committed and how you have rectified them. While
answering, you should take all responsibilities for where you are, how youve gotten there,
where you are goingand you harbor no regrets.
31. Who has inspired you in your life and why?
There are many stalwart that inspire you. You believe in learning from everyone. Every person
has some unique qualities that can inspire. One needs to explore and extract those qualities
from everyone.
32. What was the toughest decision you ever had to make?
Be prepared with a good example, explaining why the decision was difficult, the process you
followed in reaching it and the courageous or effective way you carried it out.
33. You have been with your firm a long time. Wont it be unethical switching to a new
company?
You have to highlight that you tackled, faced, adapted and conquered to changing conditions
at your present firm. Since you have held with many different responsibilities and adapted
easily, you dont see any objection in thriving to new challenging environment. You can also
mention that
34. May I contact your present employer for a reference?
You can say that you have no objection for this but express your concern that it would be
better if you could do it after arriving some sort of agreement.
You can even be honest in stating that your present employer is not aware of you hunting and
you would appreciate to have any contact with them after having arrived some sort of
agreement.
35. Where could you use some improvement?
You can stress the point that you look for improvement on everything at hand. There is always
a scope of improvement and you always look for such scope.

(To be continued to next issue)

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HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2015-2020 (PART - III)


(Concluding Part)
Annexure-2
B.

Services Exports from India Scheme


(i)

Served from India Scheme (SFIS) has been replaced with Service Exports from
India Scheme (SEIS). SEIS shall apply to Service Providers located in India
instead of Indian Service Providers. Thus SEIS provides for rewards to all
Service providers of notified services, who are providing services from India,
regardless of the constitution or profile of the service provider.

(ii)

The rate of reward under SEIS would be based on net foreign exchange earned.
The reward issued as duty credit scrip, would no longer be with actual user
condition and will no longer be restricted to usage for specified types of goods
but be freely transferable and usable for all types of goods and service tax
debits on procurement of services/goods. Debits would be eligible for CENVAT
credit or drawback.

(iii)

The present rates of reward are 3% and 5%. The list of services and the rates of
rewards would be reviewed after 30.9.2015.

Sl.
No.
1.

SECTORS

Admissible
Rate

BUSINESS SERVICE :
a.

Professional services, Legal services, Accounting, auditing and


bookkeeping services, Taxation services, Architectural services ,
Engineering services, Integrated engineering services, Urban planning
and landscape architectural services, Medical and dental services,
Veterinary services, Services provided by midwives, nurses,
physiotherapists and paramedical personnel.

5%

b. Research and development services R&D services on natural sciences,


R&D services on social sciences and humanities, Interdisciplinary R&D
services

5%

c.

5%

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Rental/Leasing services without operators Relating to ships, Relating to


aircraft, Relating to other transport equipment, Relating to other
machinery and equipment

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Sl.
No.
1.

SECTORS

Admissible
Rate

BUSINESS SERVICE :
d.

Other business services, Advertising services, Market research and


public opinion polling services Management consulting service,
Services related to management consulting, Technical testing and
analysis services, Services incidental to agricultural, hunting and
forestry, Services incidental to fishing, Services incidental to mining,
Services, incidental to manufacturing, Services incidental to energy
distribution, Placement and supply services of personnel, Investigation
and security, Related scientific and technical consulting services,
Maintenance and repair of equipment (not including maritime vessels,
aircraft or other transport equipment), Building- cleaning services,
Photographic services, Packaging services, Printing, publishing and
Convention services

3%

COMMUNICATION SERVICES :
Audiovisual services, Motion picture and video tape production and
distribution service, Motion picture projection service, Radio and
television services, Radio and television transmission services, Sound
recording

5%

3.

CONSTRUCTION & RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES :


General Construction work for building, General Construction work for
Civil Engineering, Installation and assembly work, Building completion
and finishing work

5%

4.

EDUCATIONAL SERVICES (Please refer Note 1)


Primary education services, Secondary education services, Higher
education services, Adult education

5%

5.

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Sewage services, Refuse disposal services, Sanitation and similar
services

5%

6.

HEALTH-RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES


Hospital services

5%

7.

TOURISM AND TRAVEL-RELATED SERVICES

2.

a.

Hotels and Restaurants (including catering)


I.
Hotel
II.
Restaurants (including catering)

3%
3%

b.

Travel agencies and tour operators services

5%

c.

Tourist guides services

5%

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Sl.
No.
8.

SECTORS
RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES
(other than audiovisual services)

Admissible
Rate
5%

Entertainment services (including theatre, live bands and circus


services), News agency services, Libraries, archives, museums and
other cultural services, Sporting and other recreational services
TRANSPORT SERVICES (Please refer Note 2 below)

9.
a.

Maritime Transport Services :


Passenger transportation*, Freight transportation* , Rental of vessels
with crew *, Maintenance and repair of vessels, Pushing and towing
services, Supporting services for maritime transport

5%

b. Air transport services :


Rental of aircraft with crew, Maintenance and repair of aircraft, Airport
Operations and ground handling

5%

c.

Road Transport Services :


Passenger transportation, Freight transportation, Rental of Commercial
vehicles with operator, Maintenance and repair of road transport
equipment, Supporting services for road transport services

5%

d. Services Auxiliary To All Modes of Transport :


Cargo-handling services, Storage and warehouse services, Freight
transport agency services

5%

Note:
(1)

Under education services, SEIS shall not be available on Capitation fee.

(2)

Operations from India by Indian Flag Carriers only is allowed under Maritime
transport services.

-: THE END:-

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Analysis of Export Performance of Leather and Leather ProductsApril-March 2014-15
vis--vis April-March 2013-14
1.0 Introduction:
As per officially notified DGCI&S monthly export data, the export of Leather and Leather
products for the financial year April-March 2014-15 touched US$ 6494.41 mn as against the
performance of US$ 5937.97 mn in the corresponding period of last year, recording a positive
growth of 9.37%. In Rupee terms, the export touched Rs. 397091.55 mn in April-March 2014-15
as against the previous years performance of Rs. 359246.15 mn registering a positive growth
of 10.53%.

A Statement showing the Product-wise Export performance during April-January 2015 vis-vis April-January 2014 is given below:
(Value in Million US$)
CATEGORY

APR - MAR
2013-14

FINISHED LEATHER

APR - MAR
% VARIATION
2014-15

% Share

LEATHER FOOTWEAR

1284.71
2035.45

1329.05
2277.52

3.45%
11.89%

20.46%
35.07%

FOOTWEAR COMPONENTS

320.15

361.21

12.82%

5.56%

LEATHER GARMENTS
LEATHER GOODS

596.15

604.25

1.36%

9.30%

SADDLERY AND HARNESS

1353.91
145.54

1453.26
162.70

7.34%
11.80%

22.38%
2.51%

NON-LEATHER FOOTWEAR

202.06

306.42

51.65%

4.72%

5937.97

6494.41

9.37%

100.00%

TOTAL

(Value in Million Rs)


CATEGORY
FINISHED LEATHER
LEATHER FOOTWEAR
FOOTWEAR COMPONENTS
LEATHER GARMENTS
LEATHER GOODS
SADDLERY AND HARNESS
NON-LEATHER FOOTWEAR
TOTAL

APR - MAR
2013-14

APR - MAR
2014-15

% VARIATION

77724.70
123144.36
19369.28
36067.17
81911.00
8804.99
12224.65

81262.67
139255.74
22085.68
36945.77
88857.54
9948.29
18735.86

4.55%
13.08%
14.02%
2.44%
8.48%
12.98%
53.26%

359246.15

397091.55

10.53%

Source:DGCI&S

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1.1 Major Highlights:
In Rupee Terms,export of leather & leather products have shown positive growth in
all the product segments during the period April-March 2014-15.
In Dollar Terms,export of leather & leather products have shown positive growth in
all the product segments during the period April-March 2014-15.
2.0 Country-wise analysis
The major markets for Indian Leather & Leather Products are Germany with a share of
12.32%, USA 11.83%, U.K. 11.57%, Italy 7.76%, France 5.72%, Hong Kong 6.50%, Spain
5.41%, Netherlands 3.46%, China 2.99%, Denmark 1.29%, UAE 4.3%, Belgium 1.68%,
These 12 countries together accounts for nearly 75% of Indias total leather& leather
products export.
Export of leather & leather products to major markets like Germany, USA, UK, France,
Spain, Canada, S. Africa, Japan, Portugal, UAE, China, Belgium have shown positive
growth during April-March 2013-14.

Trend in Indias Export of Leather & Leather Products to different countries during AprilMarch 2014-15 vis--vis April-March 2013-14:
TOTAL
APR MAR
2013-14

APR MAR
2014-15

% Change

Share in
Total Export
2014-15

GERMANY
U.S.A.
U.K.

765.56
680.22
664.92

800.20
768.06
751.33

4.52%
12.91%
13.00%

12.32%
11.83%
11.57%

ITALY
FRANCE
HONG KONG
SPAIN
RUSSIA
NETHERLANDS
AUSTRALIA
NEWZEALAND
DENMARK
GREECE
CANADA

518.04
354.72
471.61
308.07
51.58
218.55
78.73
9.66
89.38
12.01
51.66

504.26
371.75
422.11
351.27
49.96
224.92
84.66
12.11
83.90
14.22
59.24

-2.66%
4.80%
-10.50%
14.02%
-3.14%
2.92%
7.53%
25.38%
-6.12%
18.40%
14.69%

7.76%
5.72%
6.50%
5.41%
0.77%
3.46%
1.30%
0.19%
1.29%
0.22%
0.91%

COUNTRY

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Since 1950
TOTAL

(VALUE IN MILLION US$)

APR MAR
2013-14

APR MAR
2014-15

% Change

Share in
Total Export
2014-15

SWITZERLAND
SWEDEN

32.82
50.62

37.05
46.48

12.89%
-8.18%

0.57%
0.72%

S. AFRICA
AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
JAPAN

48.16
40.06
95.73
48.76

55.04
35.48
108.88
56.21

14.28%
-11.44%
13.74%
15.28%

0.85%
0.55%
1.68%
0.87%

PORTUGAL
CHINA
SINGAPORE
U.A.E.

51.84
153.63
19.77
180.54

68.39
194.26
22.14
281.07

31.93%
26.45%
11.97%
55.68%

1.05%
2.99%
0.34%
4.33%

INDONESIA
KOREA REP.
VIETNAM

27.22
58.30
86.34

28.95
68.47
115.57

6.37%
17.46%
33.86%

0.45%
1.05%
1.78%

SAUDI ARABIA

38.67

47.42

19.11%

0.73%

OTHERS

730.82

831.01

13.71%

12.79%

5937.97

6494.41

9.37%

100.00%

COUNTRY

TOTAL

Source:DGCI&S
3.0 Port-wise Export Performance
As per the Port-wise / Region-wise compilation for the period April-March 2014-15 vis--vis
April-March 2013-14, export of leather & leather products from all the Regions have shown
positive export trends.
(Value in Million US$)
Region

APR MAR
Share in
APR MAR
Share in
% Variation
2013-14
Total Export
2014-15
Total Export

Southern

1766.04

29.74%

1902.39

29.29%

7.72%

Western

1328.39

22.37%

1457.95

22.45%

9.75%

Eastern

806.13

13.58%

831.03

12.80%

3.09%

Northern

736.01

12.40%

778.81

11.99%

5.81%

Central

209.56

3.53%

220.27

3.39%

5.11%

Others

1091.84

18.39%

1303.97

20.08%

19.43%

5937.97

100.00%

6494.41

100.00%

9.37%

Total

Note: This is purely based on port-wise compilation and does not reflect the accurate regional
performance (Source: DGCI& S)

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4.0 Conclusion:
Indias export of Leather and Leather products for the financial year April-March 201415 touched US$ 6494.41 mn as against the performance of US$ 5937.97 mn in the
corresponding period of last year, recording a positive growth of 9.37%.
Export of different categories of Footwear holds a major share of about 45% in Indias
total leather & leather Products exports with an export value of US$ 2945.15 mn. This
is followed by Leather Goods & Accessories with a share of 22%, Finished Leather
21%, Leather Garments 9% and Saddlery & Harness 3%.
Chart showing the Product wise Percentage Share in total exports

CABINET PANEL TO DECIDE ON SCHEME FOR CHEAPER CREDIT TO EXPORTERS :


* Proposal involves a 3% subvention to labour intensive sectors.
Indian exporters facing the heat in a shrinking Global market are likely to get some relief
soon in the form of cheaper credit. The expenditure finance committee has approved the
interest subvention scheme or selected sectors formulated by the Commerce Ministry. The
proposed scheme under which exporters from identified sectors would be provided credit
at subsidized interest rate, has been submitted to the Cabinet Committee on Economic
Affairs (CCEA) for clearance.
We are hoping that the CCEA will take up the matter soon and the scheme can be
implemented, a Government official told to the media personnel. While most of the labour
intensive export sectors covered under the old subvention scheme will be included under
the new scheme.
Beneficiary sectors under the old scheme, which expired in April 2014 included all Medium
& Small Scale sectors, handicrafts, handlooms, readymade garments, processed agricultural
products, engineering goods etc.
The interest subvention rate is likely to be fixed at 3%, the same as the previous scheme.
The new scheme will be valid for three (3) years and will be applicable with retrospective
effect from 1st April 2015.

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Since 1950

LEATHER
SCIENCE
ABSTRACTS
VOLUME 48

NUMBER 07

JULY, 2015

NATIONAL INFORMATION CENTER FOR LEATHER & ALLIED INDUSTRIES (NICLAI)


NATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (NISSAT)

CENTRAL LEATHER RESEARCH INSTITUTE


ADYAR, CHENNAI 600 020, INDIA

Leather Science Abstracts (LESA) is published by National Information Center for Leather
and Allied Industries (NICLAI), Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai.
It is a monthly abstracting periodical covering significant papers/articles published in the
fields of Leather Science and Technology, Footwear Technology, Leatherware and
Leathergoods, Leather chemicals, Leather machinery, Leather economics etc., appearing in
about 500 scientific and technical periodicals published all over the world. The abstracts
are presented under well defined subject headings and include indexes.

All enquiries for further details should be addressed to: THE DIRECTOR, (ATTN.: EDITOR,
LESA) CENTRAL LEATHER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, ADYAR, CHENNAI-600 020, INDIA.

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CONTENTS
VOLUME 48

NUMBER 07

JULY, 2015

List of Periodicals covered in this issue :


Abstract Nos.
LEATHER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Leather Industry. History. Management. Economics. Education
Raw Hides and Skins
Proteins and Collagen
Enzymology
Leather Chemicals and Auxiliaries
Pre-Tanning Materials
Tanning Materials
Finishing Materials
Leather Processing Machines
Leather Properties. Quality Control
By-Products
Tannery. Environmental Aspects

48.13877-48.13883
48.13884-48.13888
48.13889-48.13890
48.13891-48.13895
48.13896-48.13915
48.13916
48.13917
48.13918-48.13935
48.13936-48.13937
48.13938
48.13939-48.13944
48.13945-48.13950

LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather goods

48.13951

INDEX SECTION
Subject Index
Author Index

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(i-vii)

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List of Periodicals covered in this issue :

Angew.Chem.
Chem. Ind. Dig.
Chem. Wkly.
Colourage
Indian J. Biotechnol.
Indian J. Chem. Technol.
Indian J. Exp. Biol.
Indian J.Fibre Text.Res.
Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys.
J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc.
J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.
J. Indian Leather Technol. Assoc.
J. Sci. Ind. Res.
J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem.
Leather Intl
Lett. Appl. Microbiol.

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LEATHER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


LEATHER INDUSTRY.HISTORY.MANAGEMENT.ECONOMICS. EDUCATION
48.13877
Specialty chemicals in India : Opportunities for growth. SHAH (KM), (M/s. Sauradip Chemicals
Industries Private Limited, Corporate Office, No. : A-16, Royal Industrial Estate, Naigaon Cross
Road, Wadala(West), Mumbai400 031, India). (Chem. Wkly.; 58, 33; 2013, Mar., 26; 216-20).
One, of the definitions on the specialty chemicals, is that they are small volume chemicals
with big role in performance and improve the performance of various products such as plastics,
petrochemicals, paints, printing inks, rubber goods, etc. and have become inevitable parts
of final formulations. Specialty chemicals not only add value to bulk chemicals, but improve
the lifestyle of masses by providing comforts to the society. The specialty chemical sector is
not tied to the economy as a whole. It has a vital role in key sectors of the economy. It is the
fastest growing segment of the Indian chemical industry and there is immense potential of
increasing consumption and growth rate. The global specialty industry has posted strong
performance in recent times and growth in the Asia-Pacific region, specially India and China,
has outstripped growth in other regions. The domestic scene is getting increasingly
competitive and one has to improve product features and service. Previously price was a
decisive factor, but quality, size availability of service and speed are the maincriteria
nowadays. The companies need to have a range of specialty chemicals that will fetch a
premium if they want to earn better margins. (2 Tab.; 4 Fig.; 4 Photos).
48.13878
Energy conservation in leather processing.ABHINANDAR KUMAR, ARAVINDHAN (R),
CHANDRA BABU (NK), (Leather Process Technology Division, Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute(CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai-600 020,
India). (J. Indian Leather Technol. Assoc.; 63, 3; 2013, Mar.; 326-33).
Hides and skins are converted into useful leather through a series of chemical as well as
mechanical operations. Both the kinds of operations in a tannery are performed by consuming
energy and hence it has been one of the major inputs for the tanneries. The level of energy
consumption in India has increased manifold due to the industrial and economic development
during last two decades increasing the gap between the demand and supply of power. The
consumption of energy in India is bound to increase further as the economic development
of a country is directly linked with it. Higher energy consumption has an adverse effect on
the nations environment as it leads to burning more and more fossil fuels. Discusses two
kinds of approach in this direction namely (a) efficient use of energy through right choice of
machineries and energy source for a particular operation and enhancing efficiency of the
processes etc. and (b) preventing wastage of energy in any form during production and also
the efforts towards conservation of energy in tanneries, that not only reduce the cost of
production and improve efficiency but also improve overall competitiveness of the industry

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for increased global access. These help in improving stakeholders confidence and creating
one owns brands. Reduction of greenhouse gases through energy conservation measures
helps to provide a better environment for next generation which is a moral responsibility of
every individual. (8 Ref.; 3 Tab.; 2 Fig.).
48.13879
Global conventional energy resource scenario and associated economy-A discussion-Part
3. MUKHERJEE (G), MAJID (MI), NAJAR (JA), BHAT (BA), (Government College of Engineering
& Leather Technology(GCELT), LB Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700 018, India). (J.
Indian Leather Technol. Assoc.; 63, 3; 2013, Mar.; 301-25).
It is the conformational part of the discussion on the predictions about the insufficiency
ofoil for smooth runnings of different industries and domesticusage, that had been already
predicted and surely would create drastic effects to both industry and house needs. (1 Tab.;
6 Fig.; 1 Photo).
48.13880
The World APIs market. M/s. CHEMICAL PHARMACEUTICALS GENERIC ASSOCIATION
(CPA), (VialeFulvioTesti, 223-20162, Milano, P.IVA 0435730962, Italy). (Chem. Wkly.; 58,
32; 2013, Mar., 19; 197-204).
Provides the new updated report, on The World APIs market published in March 2013, that
aims to give an overview of the market for APIs for human dose with main focus on the
international market. Lists the contents of this report.(2 Tab.; 6 Fig.; 2 Photos).
48.13881
Extraction and recovery of pectic fragments from citrus processing waste for co-production
with ethanol. GROHMAN (K), CAMERON (R), KIM (Y), WIDMER (W), LUZIO (G), (United States
Department of Agriculture(USDA), Agricultural Research Service(ARS), Citrus and Subtropical
Products Research Unit, United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock
Road, Ft-Pierce, Florida, USA). (J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.; 88, 3; 2013, Mar.; 395-407).
Approximately 0.7-1x106 dry tons of citrus processing waste(CPW), are produced annually in
the United States. CPW is sold as animal feed but often the financial return does not exceed
the production cost. Polysaccharides comprise 40% of the total dry matter of which pectin is
the major component. CPW was steam treated to extract pectin fragments(PFs) as a value
added co-product prior to formation of other sugars for biofuels production. PFs were extracted
in high yields, along with polymeric arabinans, galactans and arbinogalactans. The extracted
polysaccharides ranged in size from small oligomers to polymers of ~700 000g mol -1 .
Acidified treatments led to greater fragmentation of water soluble polysaccharides, but did
not enhance fragmentation of pectins to small oligomers(>30 mer). Methylesterified PFs

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arabinans and galactans were recovered by ethanol precipitation while dimethylesterified


PFs were recovered and purified by precipitation with dilute HCl(hydrochloric acid). Steam
treatment of CPW provides for rapid, efficient fragmentation of protopectin into highly
methylesterified PFs that could be recoveredprecipitation. The steaming process for
preparation of PFs is environmentally friendly. No toxic chemicals are introduced and
the remaining CPW can be used in fermentations to produce ethanol and other
compounds. (31 Ref.; 4 Tab.; 8 Fig.).
48.13882
Dynamic modeling and simulation for process design and engineering. SARATHY (VJ), PATIL
(S), VENKATESH BABU (R), PANDIYAN (N), (M/s. Shell Projects & Technology, Upstream
Development Business Unit, PO Box 162, 2501 AN TheHoague, The Netherlands). (Chem.
Wkly.; 58, 32; 2013, Mar., 19; 207-12).
The case studies demonstrated the critical role played by process dynamic simulation in a
project life cycle. Although such advancements in engineering design practices cannot
completely replace traditional methods of engineering, it represents a paradigm shift in the
current design methods and practices which provides a new dimension to engineering
design and analyses. Highlights the way, in which the innovative process dynamic modeling
and simulation techniques can be leveraged by engineering contractors to add value to
clients, achieve significant time and cost savings and avoid use of third party engineering
service providers and thereby improve competitiveness.(4 Ref.; 6 Fig.).
48.13883
Corporate Social Reponsibility(CSR)-A new challenge. SINGH (YA), (Alkali Manufacturers
Association of India, Pankaj Chamber, IIIrd Floor, Commercial Complex, VikasMarg, PreetVihar,
New Delhi-110 092, India). (Chem. Wkly.; 58, 32; 2013, Mar., 19; 187-8).
Corporates by tradition, are involved in various areas of social responsibilities and community
development, which is a part of nation building. Recently, the Government of India amended
the Companies Law through the Companies Bill 2012, which rules that at least 2% of the
Companys profit after tax(PAT) of preceding three years be spent on Corporate Social
Responsibility(CSR) with the idea that industries in private & public sector should participate
in thedevelopment of society. Most industrial units themselves want to build bridges with the
community in which they operate and the Government expects industries will discharge this
responsibility towards society in all sincerity. Lists various activities, of CSR as per the Schedule
VII of the Act.It is expected from the Government of India that the clause of financial penalties
could be imposed should be detected immediately as it for non-compliance, but penalties like
imprisonment of the employees responsible will discourage the entire process. (7 Photos).

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RAW HIDES AND SKINS


48.13884
Topically applied standardized aqueous extract of Curcuma longa Linn.suppressesendotoxininduced ureal inflammation in rats. AGARWAL (R), GUPTA (SK), AGARWAL (P), SRIVASTAVA
(S), (Delhi Institute of Phrmaceutical Sciences and Research(DIPSR), PushpVihar, Sector 3, M
B Road, New Delhi110 017, India). (Indian J. Exp. Biol.; 51 10; 2013, Oct.; 797-803).
Aqueous extract of Curcuma longawhen administered 4 hours after induction of Escherichia
coli lipopolysaccharide-induced ureitis in rats should significantly suppressed inflammation
with a significantly lower mean clinical grade, histopathological grade and aqueous
humor(AH) protein level compared to vehicle treated group. Although, prednisolone group
showed significantly lower clinical grade, histopathological grades and AH protein levels
compared to group, Tumor Neurosis Factor(TNF)- levels did not differ significantly. Moreover,
the mean clinical and histopathological grade as well as AH protein and TNF- levels were
comparable to Curcuma longa group when treatment was administered 4 hours after induction of
uveitis. It is concluded that topically applied standardized aqueous extract of Curcuma longa
suppresses endotoxin-induced ureitis in rats by reducing TNF- activity. (28 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 12 Fig.).
48.13885
Effect of ()-catechin hydrate on oxidative stress induced by high sucrose and high fat diet
on male Wistar rats. MEHRA (P), GARG (M), KOUL (A), BANSAL (DD), (Department of
Biochemistry, Punjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh-160 014, India).(Indian J. Exp. Biol.;
51, 10; 2013, Oct.; 823-7).
Increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione levels in liver of rats fed high sucrose
high fat(HSHF) diet werenormalized by concomitant administration of ()-catechin hydrate
concomitantly with HSHF diet. Thus the present results indicate that ()-catechin hydrate
has antioxidant activity and is effective in reducing oxidative stress. The study is of clinical
importance as oxidative stress is known to be the cause of many clinical manifestations viz.
: cancer, Parkinsons disease, atheroselerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction and many
other diseases. (29 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 1 Fig.).
48.13886
Anti-diabetic activity and safety assessment of Ayurvedicmedinine, Jasadabhasma(zinc ash)
in rats. UMRANI (RD), AGRAWAL (DS), PAKNIKAR (KM), (Centre for Nanobioscience, Agharkar
Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune-411 004, Maharashtra State, India). (Indian J. Exp.
Biol.; 51, 10; 2013, Oct.; 811-22).
Presents that the Jasadabhasma(zinc ash) is an extensively used Ayurvedic medicine for
treating diabetes mellitus. Yet unavoidable comprehensive scientific data on its physic-

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chemical nature vis--vis anti-diabetic activity and toxicity profile. Zinc ash prepared by
traditional method was found to consist of 200-500 mm sized particles, predominantly zinc
oxide with hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. Assessed the effective dose range of zinc
ash in oral glucose tolerance tests performed using normoglycemicWistar rats was found to
be 3-30 mg/kg. Subsequently anti-diabetic in streptozotocin induced type 1 andtype 2
diabetic rats. Four weeks treatment with zinc ash(1,3,10 mg/kg) resulted in improved glucose
tolerance(16-19%), lowered blood glucose levels(20-30%) and reduced serum insulin
levels(27-32%). Assessed also the systemic absorption by single dose pharmacokinetic study
where serum zinc levels were found to be elevated(3.5 folds) after oral administration of zinc
ash. Acute and sub-acute toxicity tests demonstrated safety of zinc ash up to 300 mg/kg doseie
and 100 times the efficacy dose in rats. These findings, the first of their kind, provide concrete
scientific evidence that justifies usage of zinc ash in diabetes treatment. (57 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 21 Fig.).
48.13887
Diuretic potential of aqueous extract of roots of SolanumxanthocarpusSchrad&Wendl, a preliminary
study. RANKA (D), ASWAR (M), ASWAR (U), BODHANKAR (S), (Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad
Institute of Pharmacy, Survey No. : 44/1, Vadgaon(Bk.), Off : Sinhag Road,Narhe, Pune-411 041,
Maharashtra State, India). (Indian J. Exp. Biol.; 51, 10; 2013, Oct.; 833-9).
Solanumxanthocarpumis used for treating difficulty in urination and renal calculus in traditional
system of medicine. Evaluated scientifically the diuretic potential of
Solanumxanthocar pum.Two phases of evaluation namely acute and sub-acute with
administration of aqueous extract of Solanumxanthocarpum roots are divided in this study.
The animals were treated with either aqueous extract of Solanumxanthocarpum(Aq SX; 200, 400
mg/kg, po) or furosemide(25 mg/kg, po) or hydrochlorthiazide(HCTZ; 25 mg/kg, po). The treated
animals were observed for urine volume, urine pH, urine and serum electrolytes and creatinine
after 6th and 24th hours in acute study. While in sub-acute study observations for above mentioned
parameters were done on day1, day7 and day14. Calculated the diuretic index, natriuretic and
saluretic potential. The results indicated strong diuretic potential with Aq. SX(400 mg/kg). The
diuretic prospective of Aq. SX was similar to furosemide without any type of toxicity based on the
observations of serum electrolytes, serum creatinine and urine creatinine measurement. The
findings support ethnobotanical of Solanumxanthocarpum. (25 Ref.; 6 Tab.).
48.13888
Central nervous system stimulant actions of Alpiniagalangal(L.) rhizome : A preliminary study.
SAHA (S), BANERJEE (S), (Gupta College of Technological Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
Ashram More, Grant Trunk Road, Asansol-713 301, West Bengal State, India). (Indian J. Exp.
Biol.; 51, 10; 2013, Oct.; 828-32).
Methanolic and ethyl acetate extract of Alpiniagalangal(L.) showed significant central nervous
system(CNS) stimulant activity in mice using actophotometer and rotarod test. CNS stimulation
at a dose of 500 mg/kg was comparable with standarddrugscaffine and amphetamine

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derivative modalart. The extracts did not shown any depressant effect in forced swim or tail
suspension tests. It can be concluded that Alpinia galangal rhizome may have stimulant
activity in mice and the active constituents responsible for this effect is present both in
crude methanolic extract as well as in ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of this
plant species. (29 Ref.; 4 Fig.).
PROTEINS AND COLLAGEN
48.13889
Isolation, purification and characterization of the egg-yolk proteins from the oocytes of the
Indian freshwater murrel, Channapuctatus(Bloch). OM PRAKASH, SEHGAL (N), RANI (KV),
AGGARWAL (N), (Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi,
Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Khan, New Delhi-110 021, India). (Indian J. Exp. Biol.; 51, 6; 2013,
Jun.; 411-20).
Yolk accumulation in the oocytes in oviparous organisms is critical and indispensable for
the development of the newly hatched young ones. Synthesized the major constituents of
the egg-yok in fish and many other oviparous vertebratesin a precursor in the liver. The
precursor is transported to the oocyte for uptake and cleared into major yolk proteins
lipovitellin, phosvitinand -components. The eggs of Channapunctatusare pelagic, have large
oil globule and exceptionally high lipid content. Lipovitellin was isolated by single step gel
filtration chromatography on Sepharose 6B. Purified native lipovitellin showed immunological
reactivity with vitellogenin antiserum. Phosvitin isolated by phenol extraction method could
not be visualized with reactive protein staining methods, whereas incorporation of trivalent
ions in the coomassie brilliant blue stained phosvitin. It was characterized by in vivo labeling
of egg-yolk proteins with 32 P. The molecular mass of murrelphosvitin was less than 14,000
kDa. (73 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 12 Fig.).
48.13890
Molecular cloning and expression of TB antigen protein in microalga
Chlamydomonasreinhardtii. PRATHEESH (PT), KURUP (GM), (School of BioSciences, Mahatma
Gandhi University, PO Priyardarshini Hills, Kottayam-686 560, Kerala State, India).(Indian J.
Biotechnol.; 12, 3; 2013, Jul.; 350-5).
Microalgae based therapeutics has had great success over the last few years. Although
biotechnological processes based on transgenic microalgae are still in its infancy, researchers
and companies are considering their high potential as bioreactors for drug development.
Develops an efficient and reproducible protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated
genetic transformation and regeneration of microalgae Chlamydomonasreinhardtiiwith essH
gene of Mycobacter ium tuberculosis H37Rv under the control of CaMV 35S
promotor.Transformed the Chlamydomonasreinhardtiistrain CC-125with Agrobacterium
tumefaciensstrain LBA 4404, harbouring the binary vector pCAMBIA 1304 containing the

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sequence coding for hygromycin-phosphotransferase(hpt) as the selectable marker gene,


-glucuromidase(GUS) as the reporter gene and the sequence encoding 10 kDa T-cell
antigen(esxH) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The transformation event was confirmed by
polymer chain reaction(PCR) amplification with hpt, GUS and esxH gene-specific primers.
Expression of esxHin transgenic Chlamydomonas was confirmed through Polymer Chain
Rection(RT-PCR). In future, this microalgal expression system can be used to meet the ever
growing need for therapeutic proteins by the pharmaceutical industries. (34 Ref.; 7 Fig.).
ENZYMOLOGY
48.13891
High yield production of dihydrogen from xylose by using a synthetic enzyme cascade in a
cell-free system. CAMPO (JSMd), ROLLIN (J), MYUNG (S), CHANDRAYAN (S), PATINO (S),
ADAMS (MW), ZHANG (YP), (Biological Systems Engineering Department, Seitz Hall, Room
No. : 200, Virginia Tech, 155 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA). (Angew.Chem.;
52, 17; 2013, Apr., 22; 4587-90).
Discusses the hydrogen(H2) that was produced from xylose and water in one reactor containing
13 enzymes (red). Xylose was converted into H2 and carbondioxide(CO2) with approaching 100%
of the theoretical yield by using a novel phosphosphatexylulokinase(XK). The findings suggest
that cell-free biosystems could produce H2 from biomass xylose at low cost. (31 Ref.; 2 Tab.).
48.13892
Identification of cystathioninesynthase inhibitors using a hydrogen sulfide selective probe.
THORSON (MK), MAJTAN (T), KRAUS (JP), BARRIOS (AM), (Department of Medical Chemistry,
University of Utah, SaltLake City, Utah 84112, USA). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 17; 2013, Apr, 22; 4641-4).
Describes a hydrogen sulfide selective fluorogenic, 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin(AzMC), that
serves as a highly sensitive assay for cystathione -synthase activity and is suitable for the
high-throughput discovery of novel enzyme inhibitors. (29 Ref.; 7 Fig.).
48.13893
Ammonia coordination introducing a magnetic moment in an On-service low-spin
porphyrin.WeKERLIN (C), TARAFDER (K), GIROVSKY (J), NOWAKOWSKI (J), HHLEN (T),
SHCHYRBA (A), SIEWERT (D), KLEIBERT (A), NOLTING (F), OPPENEER (PM), JUNG (TA), BALLAV
(N), (Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI,
Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and
Research(IISER), Pashan Road, Pashan, Pune-411 008, Maharashtra State, India). (Angew.Chem.;
52, 17; 2013, Apr., 22; 4568-71).

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The molecular spin state of NiIIporphyrin, supported on a ferromagnetic Co surface-can be


reversibly switched between spin-off(S-1) and spin-on(S=1) states upon coordination and
decoordination of the gaseous ligand NH 3, respectively. This finding clearly indicates the
possible use of the system as a single-molecule-based magnetochemical sensor and in
spintromics. (37 Ref.; 11 Fig.).
48.13894
Quantum chemistry as a tool in asymmetric biocatalysis: Limonene epoxide hydrolase test
case. LIND (MES), HIMO (F), (Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory,
Stockholm University, SE-10691, Sweden). (Angew Chem.; 52, 17; 2013, Apr., 22; 4563-7).
Describes thelarge active-site models, that have been used to investigate the selectivity of
limonene epoxide hydrolase, both the wild type and mutants optimized through directed
evolution. Good agreement is found between theory and the experimental data, thus
demonstrating that the quantum chemical cluster approach can be a powerful tool in the
field of asymmetric biocatalysis. (42 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 4 Fig.; 1 Scheme).
48.13895
Magnetogenesis under physiological conditions with probes that report on (Bio-) chemical
stimuli. TOUTI (F), MAURIN (P), HASSERODT (J), (Laboratoire de Chemie, UMR(United Medical
Resonance) Central National de la RechercheScientifique(CNRS), UCBL 5182, Universite de
Lyon-ENS de Lyon, 46 allecdItalie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 17;
2013, Apr., 22; 4654-8).
Describes a molecular concept that allows the generation of magnetism in an aqueous sample
under the influence of freshly added(bio-)-chemical analyte. The analyte(a chemical reagent
for enzyme) triggers the conversion of the probe, a diamagnetic chelate compound, into a
paramagnetic compound. The two probes prepared one easily accessible iron(II) chelates
and are operative at physiological conditions and/or in serum. (34 Ref.; 3 Fig.; 2 Schemes).
LEATHER CHEMICALS AND AUXILIARIES
48.13896
Promoting the activity of catalysts for the oxidation of water with bridged dinuclear ruthenium
complexes. JIANG (Y), LI (F), ZHANG (B), LI (X), WANG (C), HUANG (F), SUN (L), (State Key
Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices,
Dalian University of Technology(DUT), No. : 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, 116024 Dalian
City, Liaoning Province, China). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3398-401).
Dinuclear ruthenium catalysts prepared from two covalently bridged monomeric catalytic
units show outstanding activities towards the oxidation of water with high turnover numbers

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up to 43000 and turnover frequencies upto 40 s -1 . Direct comparison of the performance


parameters indicates that the dimers are significantly more active as catalysts than the
monomers. (38 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 3 Fig.; 1 Scheme).
48.13897
Supramolecular Velcro for reversible underwater adhesion. AHN (Y), JANG (Y), SELVAPALAM
(N), YUN (G), KIM (K), (Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science
and Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, No. : 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Pehang 790784, Republic of China). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 11; 2013, Mar., 11; 3140-4).
Demonstrates the excellent underwater adhesion with remarkable mechanical and chemical
reversibility with a supramolecular Velcro using host-guest chemistry and multivalent
interactions. Silicon surfaces(blue) functionalized with cucurbit[7] uril(CB[7] hosts and
anionomethylferrocene(Fe) guests adhere under water because of their extraordinarily high
affinity. (38 Ref.; 17 Fig.).
48.13898
Formation of hierarchically organized zeolites by sequential intergrowth. CHAIKITTISLIP (W),
SUZUKI (Y), MUKTI (RR), SUZUKI (T), SUGITA (K), ITABASHI (K), SHIMOJIMA (A), OKUBO (T),
(Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3355-9).
Hierarchically organized MFI zeolites with micro-, meso- and macroposity in one structure were
made by sequential intergrowth by using a simple organic structure-directing agent(OSDA)
without meso- or macroporogens. The use of an OSDA that imperfectly fits the zeolite framework
generated very thin zeolite plates with 90 rotational intergrowth. (42 Ref.; 26Fig.).
48.13899
Water and ammonia complexes of Germanium(II) dications. BANDOPADHYAY (R), NGUYEN
(JH), SWIDAN (A), MADONALD (CLB), (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Windsor, No. : 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor,Ontario N9B 3P4,Canada). (Angew.Chem.; 52,
12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3649-72).
The treatment of crown ether Ge IIdications with water or ammonia produces the stable
complexes[([15]crown-5)Ge.OH 2 ][OTf]2 and [(15)crown-5)G.NH 3][OTf]2. The OH(hydroxide)
and NH(ammonia) hydrogen atoms are rendered more acidic in these compounds. (52 Ref.;
1 Tab.; 2 Fig.; 2 Schemes).
48.13900
Enantioselective separation on naturally chiral metal surfaces :D,L-Aspartic acid on
Cu(3,1,17) R&S surfaces. YUN (Y), GELLMAN (AJ) (Department of Chemical Engineering,
Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 15213, USA).
(Angew. Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3394-7).

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Unequivocal evidence of enantioselective, equilibrium separation of a racemic mixture on


a naturally chiral metal surface is provided for the first time. The enantioselectivity is much
higher than that of chiral molecules on mineral surfaces. Furthermore, the quantitative nature
of the 13C labeling method provides the first direct measure of an enantiospecific adsorption
energy difference on a chiral metal surface. (23 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 6 Fig.).
48.13901
Brnstedacid catalyzed asymmetric SN2-type O-alkylations. ORI (I), KIM (JH), VLAAR (T),
PATIL (M), THIEL (W), LIST (B), (Max-Planck Institut fur Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-WilheimPlat 1, 45470 Mlheiman der Ruhr, Germany). (Angew. Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3490-3).
Brnsted acids catalyze an intramolecular S N2-type alkylation of alcohols with ethers by
bridging a pentacoordinate transition state, thus simultaneously activating both the leaving
group and nucleophile. Density functional calculations provide detailed insight into the
course of the reaction and the transition-state structure. (52 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 2 Fig.).
48.13902
Lewis acid catalyzed site-selective cycloadditions of 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes with
isocyanides, azides and diazo compounds for the synthesis of Diaza- and triazabrexadiene
derivatives. ZHANG (S), ZHANG (W), XI (Z), (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences(BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, No. : 202 Chengfu Road, Beijing
100871, China).(Angew. Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3485-9).
Lewis acid catalyzed cycloadditions of 2,6-diazasemibullavalenes with isocyanides, azides
and diazo compounds lead to structurally interesting and otherwise unavailable cage diazaand triazabrexadiene derivatives. Unique rearrangement/cycloadditionpathwways are
revealed. (93 Ref.; 1 Fig.; 5 Schemes).
48.13903
Reversible complete cleavage of Si=Si double bonds by isocyanide insertion. MAJUMDAR
(M), HUCH (V), BEJAN (I), MELTZER (A), SCHESCHKEWITZ (D), (Krupp-LehrstuhlfrAllgeneine
und AnorganischeChemie, Universitt des Saarlandes, Am Markt, Zeile 4, 66125 Saarbrcken,
Germany). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3516-20).
Observed an isocyanide-centered silene-disilene reversibility for the insertion of
isocyanides into unsymmetrically substituted disilenes. This reaction led the formation
of silenes at room temperature and the disilenewas regenerated in the presence of a
Lewis acid. (52 Ref.; 4 Fig.; 4 Schemes).

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48.13904
A concise total synthesis of (R)-puraquinonic acid. TIONG (EA), RIVALTI (D), WILLIAMS (BM),
GLEASON (JL), (Department of Chemistry, McGill University, No. : 801 Sherbrook West, Montreal
H3A OB8, Canada). (Angew. Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3442-5).
Defines the configuration of the quaternary stereocenter in puraquinonic acid by groups farremoved from the point of asymmetry. The use of a bicyclic thioglycolate lactam to set the
quaternary stereocenter at an early stage cuts the length of the synthesis of the natural
product by nearly two thirds. (33 Ref.; 5 Schemes).
48.13905
Development of a platinum complex as an anti-amyloid agent for the therapy of
Alzheimers disease. KENCHE (VB), HUNG (LW), PEREZ (K), VOLITAKES (I), CICCOTOSTO
(G), KWOOK (J), CRITCH (N), SHERRATT (N), CORTES (M), LAL (V)MASTERS (CL),
MURAKAMI (K), CAPPAL (R), ADLARD (PA), BARNHAM (KJ), (The Florey Institute of
Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,
Australia). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3374-8).
Describes the development of a platinum complex that could be administered orally and
reduce the amyloid burden in the brains of transgenic mouse models suffering from Alzeimers
disease. Analyses of brain tissues showed that treatment with the platinum(Pt) compound
led to a 26% decrease in the number of amyloid peptide plaques. (33 Ref.; 10 Fig.; 3 Schemes).
48.13906
Invertomers of fullerenophosphates. GMEHLING (A), DONAUBAUER (W), HAMPEL (F),
HEINERMANN (FW), HIRSCH (A), (Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry
& Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Mater ials(ICMM), Freidr ich-AlexanderUniversit at Erlangen-Numberg, Henkestrasse 42 , 91054 Erlangen, Germany).
(Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3521-4).
Describes the synthesis of fullerenophosphates with a C 3 -symmetrical e,e,e-trisaddition
pattern with high regioselectivity. In and out-invertomers, based on the orientation of
the P=O group, were isolated and their structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
(32 Ref.; 3 Fig.; 2 Schemes).
48.13907
FePt and CoPt nanowires as efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.GUO (S), LI
(D), ZU (H), ZHANG (S), MARKOVIC (NM), STAMENKOVIC (VR), SUN (S), (Materials Science
Division, Argonne National Laboratory, No. : 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Argonne,
Illinois 60439, USA). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3465-8).

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Describes the synthesis of alloy nanowires and their applications as catalysts in the title
reaction.The specific activity and mass activity of 2.5 nm wide FePt(Iron Platinum) NWs were
higher than those of a commercial Pt(Platinum) catalyst. The stability of FePt NWs were
tested by scanning the potential in an O2(oxygen)-saturated HClO4(perchloric acid) solution.
The corresponding polarization curves before and after the test indicate that these NWs are
robust catalysts. (30 Ref.; 10 Fig.).
48.13908
Thiatriphyrin(2.1.1) : A core-modified contracted porphyrin. KUZUHARA (D), SAKAKIBARA (Y),
MORI (S), OKUJIMA (T), UNO (H), YAMADA (H), (Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara
Institute of Science and Technology,Ikoma 8916-5 Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan).
(Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3360-3).
Describes the core-modified contracted porphyrinthiatriphyrin(2.1.1), that had been
prepared with p-tolyl substituents by intramolecularMcMurry coupling and then converted
into various alkoxy-substituted analogues. Transformed each of these compounds into the
protonated thiatriphyrin(2.1.1), which exhibited moderate aromaticity in the presence of
trifluoroacetic acid. (32 Ref.; 6 Fig.; 2 Schemes).
.
48.13909
Asymmetric synthesis of amino nitriles through a ScIII-catalyzed three-component Mannich
reaction of silyl ketene imines. ZHAO (J), LIU (X), LUO (W), XIE (M), LIN (L), FENG (X), (Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry,
Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road No. : 29, Chengdu 610064, China). (Angew.Chem.;52, 12;
2013, Mar., 18; 3473-7).
Describes the synthesis of a range of -amino nitriles containing contiguous tertiary and
quaternary stereogenic carbon centers by using the title reaction.Catalyzed the reaction by
a chiral N,N-dioxide scandium(III)complex under mild reaction conditions. Proposed a
possible transition state to explain the origin of asymmetric inductivity on the basis of the
experimental investigations.(95 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 3Schemes).
48.13910
Revealing interface-assisted charge-transfer mechansms by using silicon nanowires as local
probes.WANG (J), WANG (Z), LI (Q), GAN (L), XU (X), LI (L), GUO (X), (School of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 10083,
Peoples Republic of China). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3369-73).
Describes a semiconductor/environment interface that has been formed in which suspended
silicon nanowires(SiNWS) are in direct contact with photoactive titaniumoxide(TiO2 ) quantum
dots. The photoactivity of TiO2 competes with the intrinsic photoresponses of p-type silicon

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nanowires. Rational control of the competitive mechanism realizes remarkable mirror-imaging


photo-switching and superior reactifying effects in a single SiNW-based device. (44 Ref.; 13 Fig.).
48.13911
Stabilization and reactivity of the Lewis acidic solvated phenylcalciumcation.LANGER (J),
KHLER (M), HILDEBRAND (J), FISCHER (R), GRLS (H), WESTERHAUSEN(M), (Institute of
Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstrasse 8,
07743 Jena, Germany). (Angew. Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3507-10).
Describes the 1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME) adducts of phenylcalcium iodide that forms the
unique solvent-separated species[(dme)3CaPh]+l- with a highly Lewis acidic metal center.
Degradation of DME occurs, yielding calcium methoxide cages, such as [{(dme)Ca}4(Cal)2(3OMe)8(6-O)] and methyl vinyl ether. (44 Ref.; 4 Fig.; 2 Schemes).
48.13912
Phosphacycles as building blocks for main group cages. TOWNSEND (NS), SHADBOLT (SR),
GREEN (M), RUSSELL (CA), (School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol
BS8 1TS, England). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3481-4).
Describes the Cationic/nictogen/carbon cages that are formed from reaction of 2,4,6-tritest-butyl-1,3,5-triphosphabenzene with the carbine mimics EX 2+(E=P,As). 1,4-addition to
the heteroaromatic compound is observed for E=P, where as for E=As, cage complexes are
formed. (32 Ref.; 4 Fig.; 2 Schemes).
48.13913
Umpolung of hemiaminals :Titanocene-catalyzed dehydrolative radical coupling reactions
with activated alkenes. ZHENG (X), DAI (X), YUAN (H), YE (C), MA (J), HUANG (P), (Department
of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, Peoples Taiwan).
(Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3494-8).
A radical coupling reaction, which is proposed to proceed through in situ chlorination of a
hydroxyl group by Me3SiCl, is used to form quaternary carbon centers with amino groups in
position. The reaction can be scaled up and is used in an efficient six-step total synthesis of
()-9, 10-diepi-stemoamide. (72 Ref.; 4 Tab.; 3 Schemes).
48.13914
Copper-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of sulfoximines and alkynes. WANG (L), HUANG (H),
PRIEBBENOW (DL), PAN (F), BOLM (C), (Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University,
Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3478-80).

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Describes the development of a synthetically useful protocol for the preparation of Nalkynylatedsulfoximines(ynesulfoxinimes). The method involves a mild copper-catalyzed
oxidative cross-coupling of NH-sulfoximines and terminal alkyenes. The corresponding Nacyl sulfoximines were also obtained selectively for acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the
ynesulfoximines. (45 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 3 Schemes).
48.13915
Mild and rapid Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling with hydrazine in continuous flow : application
to the synthesis of functionalized heterocycles. De ANGELIS (A), WANG (D), BUCHWALD
(SL), (Department of Chemistry, Room No. : 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT),
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3434-7).
Describes the synthesis of arylhydrazines through C-N cross-coupling of aryl chlorides with
hydrazine and the decrease of the hazards associated with the use of hydrazine in the presence
of transition metals.Describes also the development, of the multistep flow sequences, in
addition for the generation of functionalized heterocycles utilizing the arylhydrazine
intermediates.(72 Ref.; 5 Tab.; 1 Fig.).
PRE-TANNING MATERIALS
48.13916
Removal of calcium from pelt during bating process : An effective approach for nonammonia bating. WANG (Y), ZENG (Y), LIAO (X), ZHANG (W), SHI (B), (Key Laboratory of
Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu
610065, Sichuan Province and National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of
Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Section No. : 24 of Southern Yichuan, Chengdu
610065, Sichuan Province, Peoples Republic of China). (J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc.; 108,
4; 2013, Apr.; 120-7).
Ammonium salts can improve the performance of bating by trypsin. But it is one of the main
origins of ammonia nitrogen(NH 3 -N) in tannery wastewater. The action mechanism of
ammonium sulfate(AS) on trypsin bating was investigated. The activity, of trypsin, that was
actually influenced by AS(1~30 g/L) or pH variation was partially inhibited by calcium
remained in pelts, particularly those concentrated in the grain layer was found. The main
function of AS in bating is to remove calcium so as to maintain the proteolysis activity of
trypsin. Several calcium chelating agents, including sodium hextaphosphate and the
composite of sodium citrate and citric acid, were employed in the trypsin bating process.
The extents of calcium removal from pelts by using these chelating agents were higher than
AS and the bating performances were better in terms of protein and hydroxyproline contents
in bating liquor. (23 Ref.; 3 Tab.; 2 Fig.).

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TANNING MATERIALS
48.13917
Separation and analysis of Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning agent components. WANG (K), JIA (S),
DAN (N), LIU (M), XIAO (S), DAN (W), (National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology
of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Campus, Section No. : 24 of Southern
Yichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan Province, Peoples Republic of China). (J. Soc. Leather
Technol. Chem.; 97, 2; 2013, Mar.-Apr.; 80-3).
Describes a Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning agent solution that was separated by gel column
chromatography. The structure composition and metal ion content of components separated
from the solution were detected and analyzed by Ultraviolet spectrophotometry, Fourier
infrared spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry(ICPES). The
results showed that the precipitation pH of the Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning agent solution rose
at first and then fell with increased addition of alkali. At pH 2.5, precipitation pH was the
highest i.e. 4.15. Seven components were separated from the Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning agent
solution by gel column chromatography(GCC). Zr4+ and Ti4+ prefer tend to form big molecular
complexes in the Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning agent solution of such composition. The Zr-Al-Ti
complex tanning agent solution is a composite system consisting of polynuclear and
heteronuclear complexes. (17 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 5 Fig.).
FINISHING MATERIALS
48.13918
Reduction clearing of simulated dispersed dyed PLA fabrics and their tensile properties.
BAIG (GA), (University College of Textile Engineering, B.Z.U. 60800 Multan, Punjab,
Pakistan).(Indian J. Fibre Text.Res.; 38, 1; 2013, Mar.; 22-8).
Polylacticacid(PLA) knitted fabric has been subjected to various textile wet processes, viz.
scouring, bleaching and simulated disperse dyeing. Reduction clearing(RC) has been
performed at various process conditions such as concentrations of sodium dithionite and
sodium carbonate, bath temperature and process time and a full factorial experiment is
designed. The results show that the pretreatment processes and RC parameters have
pronounced effects on tensile properties of PLA yarns. Statistical analysis of variance is
performed which show significant differences at a confidence interval of 99%. Attenuated
total reflectance spectroscopy(ATRS) of the PLA fabric is carried out to investigate chemical
changes on fibre surface. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) reveals that the bleaching
causes the formation of slits in the fibres. Since bleached fibres are already porous, the
strength of PLA yarns is further decreased during simulated disperse dyeing and reduction
clearing processes. (26 Ref.; 5 Tab.; 3 Fig.; 1 Scheme).

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48.13919
Using fluorescent pot-labeling to probe the subcellular localization of DNA-targeted platinum
anticancer agents. DING (S), QIAO (X), SURYADI (J), MARRS (GS), KUCERA (GL), BIERBACH
(U), (Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Wiston-Salem, Salem Hall, Box No. :
7486, North Carolina 27109, USA). (Angew. Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3550-4).
Describes the development of a post-labeling method for imaging a deoxyribonucleoroacid(DNA)targeted platinum drug in cancer cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy. This was done using
ligation chemistry between an azide-functionalized platinum-acridine anticancer drug and an
alkyne-modified dye, Alexa Flour 488. The platinum aeridine agent was shown to accumulate in
the nucleoli of cancer cells(NCl-H460). (20 Ref.; 6 Fig.).
48.13920
An electrophilic hypervalent iodine reagent for trifluoromethylthiolation.SHAO (X), WANG
(X), YANG (T), LU (L), SHEN (Q). (Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. : 345 Linghing Road,
Shanghai 200032, China). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3457-60). Describes the
developm ent, of a new electrophilic hype r valent iodine reagent 1 for d irect
trifluoromethylthiolation. A variety of nucleophiles, including ketoesters, aldehydes,
amides, aryl or vinyl boromic acids and alkynes, reacted with 1 under mild conditions to
give the corresponding trifluoromethylthiolated compounds in good to excellent yields.
(57 Ref.; 2 Schemes).
48.13921
Copper/palladium-catalyzed 1,4-reduction and asymmetric allylic alkylation of,
unsaturated ketones : Enantioselective dual catalysis. NAHRA (F), MAC (Y), LAMBIN (D),
RIANT (O), (Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids and
Reactivity(MCN/MOST)-UniversitCatholique de Louvain, Place Loues Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.03,
1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium).(Angew.Chem.; 52, 11; 2013, Mar., 11; 3208-12). Describes
the catalytic coupling, of the two organometallic intermediates, which is possible through a
Copper/palladium(Cu/Pd) based dual catalysis and in which the Cu1 catalytic cycle generates
the catalytically the starting material for the Pd catalytic cycle. Although reagents are present
in stoichiometric amounts in the reaction mixture and are able to trap both active species,
the desired reaction proceeds as planned. (75 Ref.; 3 Tab.; 5 Schemes).
48.13922
Influence of carbon-oxygen surface groups on adsorptive removal of malachite green dye
from water. REENA (K), GOYAL (M), BHAGAT (M), CHAUDHARY (GR), SHARMA (ML), (University
Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160 014,
India). (Indian J. Chem. Technol.; 20, 2; 2013, Mar.; 87-94).

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Studies the equilibrium adsorption of malachite green(a cationic dye) using four different
granulated activated carbons. Determines the porous characteristics of the activated carbons
using NOVA win software supplied with Quantachrome Nova 2200 surface area and pore size
analyser. Studies also the chemical structure of the carbon surface using Fourier Transform
Infrared(FTIR), high temperature evacuations and base neutralization. Different activated
carbons adsorb different amounts of the dye, depending on the surface area and the nature
of the carbon surface. The adsorption increases on oxidation of the carbon surface due to
the formation of carbon-oxygen surface groups and decreases gradually when these surface
groups are eliminated on degreasing at gradually increasing temperatures. The adsorption
data follows linear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The adsorption is very small
at low pH values of the solution but attains a maximum value at pH around 6. The adsorption
involves electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged surface sites and the
dye cations. The adsorption kinetics follows second order rate law. The values of activation
energies and desorption with solvents indicate that adsorption involves chemisorption or
activated adsorption. (32 Ref.; 6 Tab.; 6 Fig.; 2 Schemes).
48.13923
Quantitative interpretation of diffusion-ordered NMR spectra : Can we cationalize small
molecule diffusion coefficients? EVANS (R), DENG (Z), ROGERSON (AK), McLACHLAN (AS),
RICHARDS (JJ), NILSON (M), MORRIS (GA), (School of Chemistry, University of Manchester,
Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, England).(Angew.Chem.; 52, 11; 2013, Mar., 11; 3199-202).
Describes a new method that allows the diffusion coefficient of a small molecule to be
estimated given only the molecular weight and the viscosity of the used solvent. This method
makes possible the quantitative interpretation of the diffusion domain of diffusion-ordered
nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectra. (23 Ref.; 3 Fig.).
48.13924
Cobalt-catalyzed C4-selective direct alkylation of pyridines. ANDOU (T), SAGA (Y), KOMAI (H),
MATSUNAGA (S), KANAI (M), (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of
Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan).(Angew.Chem.; 52, 11; 2013, Mar., 11; 3213-6).
Describes a new catalyst for the atom-economical C4-selective direct alkylation of pyridines.A
combination
of
carbonyl(or)
Cobalt(II)
bromide(CoBr 2 )
and
Lithium
triethylborohydride(LiBet 3 H) catalyzes the reaction of pyridines with 1-alkenes at
70Centigrade to give alkylation products with C4/C2 ratios of >20:1. Substrate/catalyst ratios
of up to 4000 and a turnover number of 340 were achieved. (74 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 5 Schemes).
48.13925
Synthesis and characterization of polyanilinenano-fibres.KAVITHA (B), SIVA KUMAR (K),
NARSIMLU (N), (Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 520 007, Telengana
State, India).(Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys.; 51, 3; 2013, Mar.; 207-9).

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Describes the synthesis of polyaniline(PANI) nanofibres by polymerization of aniline in the


presence of hydrochloric acid as a catalyst and ammoniumperoxidisulphate as an oxidant by
the chemical oxidative polymerization method. The product powder was pelletized with the
help of hydraulic machine to study the X-Ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electra
microscopy(SEM) and small angle neutron scattering(SANS). The XRD pattern indicates semicrystalline nature of PANI with interplanner distance 4.210 and 3.774, respectively. The
SEM picture show fiber like nature of particles. SANS experiment is used to find different
parameters of these crystalline polymer nano-fiber particles. Dynamic light scattering(DLS)
studies are performed to find the sizes of nano structured polyaniline. (9 Ref.; 5 Fig.).
48.13926
Comparative theoretical studies on natural atomic orbitals, natural bond orbitals an simulated
UV-visible spectra of N-(methyl)phthalimide and N-(2 bromoethyl) phthalimide.
BALACHANDRAN (V), KARTHICK (T), PERUMAL (S), NATARAJ (A), (Post Graduate Research
Department of Physics, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Musiri-621 211, Tiruchirappalli
District, Tamil Nadu State, India). (Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys.; 51, 3; 2013, Mar.; 178-84).
Describes the charge delocalization patterns of phthalimide derivatives such as N(methyl)phthalimide and N(2-bromomethyl)-phthalimide that performs with the help of
natural bond orbital(NBO) analyses and simulated ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis) spectra. Predicts
the second order perturbation energies of the most interesting NBOs and the population of
electrons in core, valance and Rydberg sub-shells by density functional theory(DFT)
computations in GAUSSIAN 03W software package. The natural atomic orbital occupancies
had shown the presence of charge delocalization within the molecule. The natural hybrid
atomic studies enhanced the knowledge about the type of orbitals and its percentage of stype and p-type character. In addition, the excited electronic transitions along with their
absorption wavelengths, oscillator strengths and excitation energies for the gaseous phase
of the title molecules have been computed at TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method.
Examines the energetic behaviour of the compound in different solvent medium(water,
ethanol and methanol) by applying polarizable continuum model(PCM). The complete
molecular orbital simulations and theoretical UV-visible spectra has been carried out which
yield better understanding of charge delocalization pattern and stability of the title molecules
to a great extent. (19 Ref.; 5 Tab.; 5 Fig.).
48.13927
A photoconductive thienothiophene-based covalent organic framework showing charge
transfer towards included fullerene.DOGRU (M), HANDLOSER (M), AURAS (F), KUNZ (T),
MEDINA (D), HARTSCHUH (A), KNOCHEL (P), BEIN (T), (Department of Chemistry and Center
for Nanoscience(CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munich(LMU), Butenandstrasse 513(E), 81377 Munich, Germany). (Angew. Chem.; 52, 10; 2013, Mar., 4; 2920-4).

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Describes the observance of the thienothiphene-based covalent organic framework(COF), that


can be loaded with a complementary semiconductor, such as fullerene derivative and electronic
interactions. The novel periodic interpenetrated donor-acceptor system shows the spectroscopic
signatures of efficient charge transfer on the nanoscale. Demonstrated the photovoltaic activity
upon integrating the COF : fullerene film into a device. (24 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 9 Fig.).
48.13928
From olefins to alcohols : efficient and regioselective ruthenium-catalyzed domino
hydroformylation/reduction sequence. FLEISCHER (I), DYBALLA (KM), JENNERJAHN (R),
JACKSTELL (R), SPANNENBERG (A), BELLER (M), (Leibniz-InsitutfrKatalysee.V. an der
Universitt Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany). (Angew. Chem.; 52,
10; 2013, Mar., 4; 2949-53).
Describes the ruthenium phosphine complexes that catalyze the domino hydroformylation/
reduction of alkenes to alcohols in good yields and with good selectivities. Liner aliphatic
alcohols synthesized under reaction conditions typically used in industrial hydroformylations.
(71 Ref.; 3 Tab.; 2 Schemes).
48.13929
Protecting-group-free distereoselective C-C coupling of 1,3-glycols and allyl acetate
through site-selective primary alcohol dehydrogenation. DECHERT-SCHMITT (AR),
SCHMITT (DC), KRISCHE (MJ), (University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry
and Bioche mistr y, 1 Universit y Station-A5300, A ustin, Texas 8712-1 167, USA).
(Angew.Chem.; 52, 11; 2013, Mar., 11; 3195-8).
Describes a pronounced kinetic preference for primary alcohol dehydrogenation that enables
the site-selective iridium catalyzed C-C(catalyzed cross) coupling of polyolswith allyl acetate
in the absence of protecting groups, premetallated reagents, chiral auxiliaries and discrete
alcohol-to-aldehyde oxidation. (74 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 1 Fig.;2 Schemes).
48.13930
Stereoselective synthesis of multiple stereocenters by using a double aldol reaction.
SHIMODA (Y), KUBO (T), SUGIURA (M), KOTANI (S), NAKAJIMA (M), (Priority Organization for
Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, No. : 5-1 OC-hommachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto
862-0973, Japan). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3461-4).
Describes the title reaction of an alkyl methyl ketone and two aldehydes using chiral(S)binapo as a Lewis base catalyst allows access to 1,5-dihydroxy-3-pentanone derivatives with
multiple chiral centers in good yields with disastereo- and enantioselectivities in a single
operation. (58 Ref.; 3 Tab.; 1 Fig.; 5 Schemes).

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48.13931
Formylazide : Properties and solid-state structure. ZENG (X), BERNHARDT (E), BECKERS (H), BANERT
(K), HAGEDORN (M), LIU (H), (FB C-AnorganischeChemie, BergischeUniversitat Wuppertal,
Gausstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3503-6).
Describes the HC(O)N 3 (Formylazide), that has been prepared as the neat substance
andcharacterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy and low-temperature X-ray crystallography.
Photolysis of the azide in CO(acetic acid)-doped solid-gas matrices furnished the first
experimental proof of the elusive parent acyl isocyanate HC(O)NCO. (41 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 3 Fig.).
48.13932
Highly fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots for biology and medicine. WU (C), CHIU
(DT), (Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA).
(Angew.Chem.; 52, 11; 2013, Mar., 11; 3086-109).
In recent years, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention
because of their outstanding characteristics as fluorescent probes. Demonstrates that these
nanoparticles, which primarily consist of conjugated polymers and are called polymer
dots(Plots) when they exhibit small particle size and high brightness, have the utility in a
wide range of applications such as fluorescence imaging and biosensing. Summarizes the
recent findings of the photophysical properties of Pdots which speak to the merits of these
entities as fluorescent labels. Highlights the surface functionalization and biomolecular
conjugation of Pdots and their applications in cellular labeling, in vivo imaging, single particle
tracking, biosensing and drug delivery. Discusses the relationship between the physical properties
and performance and evaluates the merits and limitations of the Pdot probes for certain imaging
tools and fluorescent assays. The current challenges of the Pdotare tackled and the authors
perspective on the future directions of the field is shared. (176 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 47 Fig.).
48.13933
Metal-organic framework thin films : Crystallite orientation dependent adsorption. LIU (B),
TU (M), FISCHER (RA), (Chair of Inorganic ChemistryII-Organometallics and Materials
Chemistry, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany). (Angew.Chem.; 52, 12; 2013,
Mar., 18; 3402-5).
Demonstrated the fabrication of the preferred[100] and [001] orientations of metal-organic
framework crystallites, [Cu2(ndc)2(dabco)](ndc=1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate, dabco=1,4diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), attached to surfaces. Different pore openings owing to anisotropic
properties of [Cu2(ndc)2(dabco)] result in oriented thin films exhibiting distinct adsorption
kinetics for volatile organic compounds. (36 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 6 Fig.).

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48.13934
Cs2 B4 SiO9 : A deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystal. WU (H), YU (H), PAN (P), HUANG
(Z), YANG (Z), SU (X), POEPPELMER (KR), (Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information
Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, No. : 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China). (Angew.Chem.;
52, 12; 2013, Mar., 18; 3406-10).
Describes the synthesis of a new borosilicate, Cs 2 B4 SiO9 . This compound represents a new
kind of a boron-rich borosilicate and shows a 4.6 times stronger powder second-harmonic
generation response relative to Kh2Po4. In addition, Cs2B4 SiO9 has a short ultraviolet(UV) cut
off edge(below 190 nm). (35 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 7 Fig.).
48.13935
Telecholic polyethylene from catalyzed chain-growth polymerization.GERMAN (I),
KELHIFI(W),NORSIC(S),BOISSON (C), DAGOSTO (F), (Universit de Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CPE
Lyon, Central National de la RechercheScientifique(CNRS) UMR 5265 Laboratoire de Chimie,
Catalyse, Polymres et Procds(LCPP)(C292), Equipe LCPP, Bat 308F, 69616 Villeurbanne,
France). (Angew. Chem.; 52, 12;2013, Mar., 18; 3438-44).
Describes the employment, of a functional chain transfer agent, bis(10-undecenyl)
magnesium, as cocatalyst in conjunction with [(C 5 Me 5 )2NdCdLi(OEt) 2 ) 2 to catalyze
polyethylene(PE) chain growth on magnesium. Vinyl-PE-Mg-PE-vinyl units were then further
functionalized. This is the first example of catalytic ethylene polymerization with singlestep, in situ functionalization to telechelicpolyethylenes. (37 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 3 Fig.; 3 Schemes).
LEATHER PROCESSING MACHINES
48.13936
Modern machines to produce nonwoven technical textiles-Part 8. NAIR(GP), PANDIYAN (SP),
(No. : B2/12,Tecnocrat Society. Off. V.S. Marg, Prabhadevi, Mumbai-400 028, India).(Colourage;
60, 3; 2013, Mar.; 70, 722&76-84).
Describes 16 latest machine models that have been made for producing the nonwoven technical
textiles by two of the worlds leading machine manufacturers.(10 Ref.; 1 Tab.; 25 Fig.).
48.13937
Use Dyke bellows in tank farm area to address as process and space constraints. KADAM
(A), BHISE (S), (Stress-Support Group Aker Powergas, Maharashtra State, India). (Chem.
Ind. Dig.; 26, 3; 2013, Mar.; 79-80).

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Presents the advantages of using dyke bellows in tank farms and discusses these in the context of one
of their projects. Recommends the use of dyke bellows instead of anchoring of pipes in dyke wall, to
satisfy pump nozzle loads in case of process & space constraints. (3 Fig.; 1 Photo).
LEATHER PROPERTIES.QUALITY CONTROL
48.13938
The odor of leather.SCHRPFER (M), CZERNY (M), SCHULZ (H), SCHIEBERLE (P), (FILK-Research
Institute of Leather and Plastic Sheeting Meissner Ring I-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany). (J.
Am. Leather Chem. Assoc.; 108, 3; 2013, Mar.; 94-107).
Leather has a typical odor that varies depending on the type of leather. A typical leather
odor is desired whereas many other materials should preferably be odorless. It is an important
quality feature. So far the compounds causing the leather odor could not be clearly defined.
Different leathers from different application areas were chosen for this research work. The
leathers showed different nuances of leather odor by depending on the manufacturing
technology. The results from analysis of leathers by Gaschromatography-Octorimetry(GCO), Aroma-extract-dilution analysis(AEDA), Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)
and Stable-Isotope-Dilution-Analysis(SIDA) for identifying and quantifying substances
accountable for certain leather odors. Furthermore, it points out from which stages of leather
manufacturing the leather odor originates and if it can be influenced. Discusses the alternative
methods for identification and quantification of substances relevant to odor regarding their
substance.(16 Ref.; 5 Tab.; 6 Fig.).
BY-PRODUCTS
48.13939
Laboratory performance of stone matrix asphalt containing composite of flyash and plastic
waste. RONGALI (U), GANGADEEP SINGH, CHOURASIYA (A), JAIN (PK), (Council of Scientific
and Industrial Research-Central Road Research Institute(CSIR-CRRI), Delhi-Mathura Road,
P.O. CRRI, New Delhi-110 025, India). (J. Sci. Ind. Res.; 72, 3; 2013, Mar.; 186-92).
The optimum composition of fly ash and plastic waste in a composite has been established
based on various performance tests. The optimum dose of plastic waste in composite is 8%
weight of fly ash. Laboratory tests indicated increased resistance to moisture damage in
stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA) mixture containing composite as filler. The values of resilient
modulus of the SMA mixture containing lime as filler. The rutting in SMA mixture containing
composite is reduced to one third as compared to conventional SMA mixture without
composite. The results of mechanistic analysis indicate that there is an increase in allowable
number of traffic on modification of SMA with fly ash-plastic waste composite as filler in
place of lime. (34 Ref.; 4 Tab.; 6 Fig.).

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48.13940
Effect of NajanajaLaurentished skin extract on estrous cycle, hormone-cytokine profiles,
histopathology of ovary and uterus of Swiss albino mice.MUKHERJEE (S),DASGUPTA (SC),
GOMES (A), (Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, No. : 8 Rafi Ahmed
Kidwai Road, Kolkata-700 032, India). (Indian J. Exp. Biol.; 51, 3; 2013, Mar.; 235-40).
The snake shed skin though considered as biological waste products have been mentioned
in folk and traditional medicine for treatment of ailments like skin disorders, parturition
problem etc. Shedded skin extract(5 mg.kg-1, sc) did not produce any change in the estronous
cycle of normal cycling female mice. However in 10 mg.kg-1.Sc dose, the extract caused a
temporary cessation of the estrous cycle at diestrous phase in normal cycling female mice
for 10 days. Snake skin aqueous extract(SSAE)(10 mg.kg-1, sc) caused a significant change in
the level of luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), progesterone,
estradiol, interleukin(IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-. Histopathology of uterus and
ovary showed structural disorientation of both. The results substantiate the influence of snake
shed skin in mice reproductive cycle. (23 Ref.; 10 Fig.).
48.13941
PVA supported microporous adsorbents for the remediation of dye house wastewater.
SRINIVASAN (P), SIVAKUMAR (P), RAJA (S), (Department of Chemistry, Kongo Engineering
College, Thoppupalayam, Perundurai, Erode-638 052, Periyar District, Tamil Nadu State, India).
(J. Sci. Ind. Res.; 72, 3; 2013, Mar.; 193-7).
Microporousactivated carbons with high surface area are of great interest for the remediation
of textile and leather wastewater in a sustainable manner. An activated carbon prepared
from Euphorbia antiquorumL(EAC) was impregnated with polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) solution to
provide mechanical stability and increase the abrasion resistance. The surface area of EAC
and PVAC(Polyvinyl Alcohol Supported Activated Carbon) were 918 and 713.8 m 2 /g
respectively. Analyzed the adsorption characteristic of PVAC with the help of pseudo first
order and second order kinetic models. Both the adsorbents show maximum adsorption at a
pH of 8. The pseudo second order model describes the kinetics with very high correlation
coefficient of >0.995.The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity was 49.42 and 50.45 mg/
g for EAC and PVAC, respectively; further it increases with increase of temperature.
Characteristics of PVAC and dye adsorption studies prove that PVA supported EAC is a
promising adsorbent for the removal of colour from wastewater. (32 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 4 Fig.).
48.13942
Role of lignin in a biorefinery : separation characterization and valorization. YUAN (T), XU
(F), SUN (R), (Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No.
: 35 Tsingua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, Peoples Republic of China). (J. Chem.
Technol. Biotechnol.; 88, 3; 2013, Mar.; 346-52).

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Describes Lignin, a major component of the cell wall of vascular plants, that has long been
recognized for its negative impact and treated as a by-product in a biorefinery. This highly
abundant by-product of the biorefinery is undervalued and underdeveloped due to its complex
nature. The development of value-added products from lignin would greatly improve the
economics of the biorefinery. The inherent properties of lignin significantly affect the
productivity of the biorefineryprocesses and its potentialapplications. Although the structure
and biosynthetic pathway of lignin have been studied for more than a century, they have not
yet been completely elucidated. Highlights the primary obstacles too elucidating the
structure of native lignin, including separation and characterization. Reviews several
classical methods for separation and various nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) techniques,
especially 2 dimension heteronuclear single quantum coherence(2D HSQC) NMR, for
characterization of lignin. Introduces some potential applications of lignin. It is believed
that a knowledge of the method to separate lignin from the cell wall and structural features
of the lignin polymer from lignocellulosic materials will help to maximize the exploitation
of lignocelluloses for the biorefinery as well as the utilization of lignin for novel materials
and chemicals. (64 Ref.; 5 Fig.).
48.13943
X-ray K-absorption spectral studies of cobalt(II) hydroxamic mixed ligand complexes.
PARSAI (N), MISHRA (A), SHRIVASTAV (BD), (Sanghvi Innovative Academy, Institute of
Technology and Management, PragatiVihar II, Indore-452 0l0, Madhya Pradesh State, India).
(Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys.; 51, 3; 2013, Mar.; 185-90).
Studies the X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS) at the K-edge of cobalt in some cobalt(II)
mixed ligand complexes having hydroxamic acid as one of the ligands. This study can be
used to yield useful and important information about the molecular structure of the complexes.
Performs the X-ray absorption measurements at the recently developed BL-8 dispersive
EXAFS(DEXAFS) beamlline at 2.5(GeV Indus-2 Synchroton Source at Raja Ramanna Center
for Advanced Technology(RRCAT), Indore, India. The data obtained has been processed using
EXAFS data analysis program Athena. Estimates the energies of the Kabsorption edge, chemical
shifts, edge-widths, shifts of the principal absorption maximum in the complexes. The data
obtained have been utilized to estimate effective nuclear charge. (14 Ref.; 3 Tab.; 3 Fig.).
48.13944
Antifungal properties of duracins isolated from Enterococcus duracins A5-11 and of its synthetic
fragments. BELGUESMIA (Y), CHOISET (Y), RABESONA (H), BAUDY-FLOCH (M), Le BLAY (G),
HAERTLE (T), BOBERT (J), (UR(Urim) 1268 Biopolymres Interactions Assemblages, Institut
National de RechercheAgronomique, quipeFonctions et interactions des Protines, rue de la
Gerau-diere, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France). (Lett.Appl. Microbiol.; 56, 4; 2013; 237-44).
Aims a study on the antifungal properties of duracins isolated from Enterococcus durans
AS-11 is a lactic acid bacteria strain isolated from traditional Mongolian airag cheese.

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T his strain inhibits the growt h of several fungi including Fusar iumc ubmor um,
Penicillianroquefortiand Debaryomyceshansenii. It produces two bacteriocins namely duracin
A5-11a and duracin A5-11b, which have similar antimicrobial properties. Studies the whole
duracinsA5-11b, as well as their N- and C-terminal fragments were synthesized and their
antingalproperties of their chemically synthesized fragments. C-terminal fragments of
both duracins showed stronger antifungal properties than other tested peptides. Treatment
of Debaryomyceshansenii LMSA 2.11.003 strain with 2 mmol 1 -1 of the synthetic peptides
led to the loss of the membrane integrity and to several changes in the ultra-structure of
the yeast cells. Chemically synthesized duracins and their synthetic fragments showed
different antimicrobial properties from each other. N-terminal peptides showed activities
against both bacterial and fungal strains tested. C-terminal peptides have specific
activities against tested fungal strain and do not show antibacterial activity. However,
the C-terminal fragment enhances the activity of the N-terminal fragment in the whole
bacteriocins against bacteria. (32 Ref.; 1Tab.; 9 Fig.).
TANNERY. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
48.13945
Formaldehyde in the ambient atmosphere : From an indoor pollutant to an outdoor pollutant?
SALTHAMMER (T), (Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, FraundhoferWKl,
BienroderWeg 5E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany). (Angew Chem.; 52, 12; 2013, Mar.. 18; 3320-7).
Discusses the formaldehyde as a typical pollutant for decades. Legal requirements and everlower limits for formaldehyde in indoor air have led to a continual reduction in the amount
of formaldehyde released from furniture, building materials and household products over
many years. However slowly and without much attention from research on indoor air, a change
of paradigm is taking place. Currently, the formaldehyde concentrations in outdoor,
particularly in polluted urban areas, sometimes already reach indoor levels. This is largely a
result of photochemical processes and the use of biofuels. Evaluates this development which
might have consequences for the way buildings are ventilated and lead to a change in the
way for the human exposure.(83 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 3 Fig.; 7 Schemes).
48.13946
Short term preservation of skins with acids.VALEIKA (V), BELESKA (K), SERVALTYTE (J),
(Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilnu, pl. 19, LT-50524 Kaunas, Lithuania). (J. Soc. Leather
Techno.Chem.; 97, 3; 2013, May-Jun.; 101-4).
The wet salting method, which is mostly used for hide or skin curing employs approximately
40-50% chloride on raw material weight, this salt is subsequently removed during soaking
thus significantly increasing pollution in tannery wastewaters. The application of alternative
short term preservation methods can lead to a substantial decrease in materials consumption.
Proposes a treatment with a mixture of acetic acids as a short term preservation method for

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pigskins and the preservation for 16 days at 221Centigrade was achieved. The changes in
the preserved skin structure during treatment and storage have no influence on the processed
leathers chemical and strength properties, which are on part with the properties of leather
produced from pigskins preserved by the salting. (14 Ref.; 6 Tab.).
48.13947
Process safety management system implementation at Essar oil. GOPAL (J), (HSE-Energy
Business, M/s. Essar Oil Limited, Refinery Project Site, Head Post Office, Post Box No. : 24,
Vadinar, Khambhalia-361 305, Jamnagar District, Gujarat State, India). (Chem. Wkly.; 58, 36;
2013, Apr., 16; 205-20).
Essarhas come a long way in process safety management implementation in the past couple
years. The Refinery Management has sustained and developed the Process Safety
Management(PSM) System in keeping with its goals for continual improvement. This firm
believes in its future continuance of putting its best foot forward, moving beyond world class
safety norms as the importance over PSM increases in light of the many recent process
incidents worldwide. (24 Ref.; 3 Tab.; 26 Fig.; 4 Photos).
48.13948
Effect of non-siothermal condition on heterogeneous flow through biofilter media by lattice
Boltzmann simulation.YAN (W), SU (Z), ZHANG (H), (College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering,
China JiliangUniversity, No. : 258, Xueyuan Street, Highe Education Zone of Xiasha, Zhejiang Provice,
Hangzhou 310018, China). (J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.; 88, 3; 2013, Mar.; 456-61).
Biofiltration technology has received much attention due to its effectiveness, low cost and
environmental friendly properties. It is used to remove odors caused chiefly by hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) via biological treatments. Numerical simulations using the thermal lattice
Boltzmann method are implemented to investigate the effect of non-isothermal conditions
on heterogeneous flow through biofilter models that are partially filled with porous media.
The generalized Navier-Stokes model based on the Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy
model is used to make several assumptions. The numerical results indicate that the Rayleigh
number has significant influence on the removal of efficiencies of biofilters. There also exist
critical Rayleigh numbers for biofilters under non-isothermal conditions. The flow
heterogeneity will reduce with increasing Rayleight number if the Rayleigh number is less
than the critical value; otherwise, the flow heterogeneity will enhance with increasing
Rayleigh number. Moreover, the performances of biofilters, which can be improved by
designing non-isothermal conditions between the porous media layers, i.e. by adjusting the
Rayleigh number to optimize the detention time of waste air is found. (25 Ref.; 13 Fig.).
48.13949
Treatment of wastewater from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) resin-manufacturing by
biological carbon(BAC). LAI (B), ZHOU (Y), YANG (B), (Department of Environmental Science

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

79

Since 1950

LESA

and Engineering, School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Wangjiang


Campus, No. : 24 South Section 1, Yichuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China). (J. Chem. Technol.
Biotechnol.; 88, 3; 2013, Mar.; 474-82).
The wastewater originating from the production of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) resin
is a toxic and refractory industrial wastewater. Investigates the characteristics of adsorption
and biodegradation of biological activated carbon(BAC) for ABC resin wastewater. More
than 80% of chemical oxygen demand(COD), total organic carbon(TOC) and organic
nitrogen(Org N) was removed after the 100 th run in BAC with the help of bioregeneration
and the treatment efficiency of BAC was higher than that of adsorption and biodegradation
alone. The initial Org-N was mainly transferred into NH 4 +-N and the transform efficiency
reached 655% after the 100 th run. The COD and TOC removal efficiencies of BAC reactor
reached 88.97% and 86.26%, respectively after bioregeneration. The BAC had different
bioregeneration efficiencies of94.41, 64.82, 61.05 and 40.04% for 3,3-imminodipropionitrile,
3,3-oxydipropiononitrile, ,-dimethyl-benzylalcohol and acetophenone, respectively, which
mainly resulted from the different polarity of the compounds. BAC could protect microorganism
from shock loadings of toxic, refractory and complicated ABS resin wastewater. The mechanism
of the organic pollutants removal by BAC consisted of three phases including oadsorption,
bioregeneration and stability. (34 Ref.; 2 Tab.; 25 Fig.).
48.13950
River sediment testing in a former tanning area.(Leather Intl; 215, 4828; 2013, Mar.; 40 & 42).
The apparent rapid reduction in pollution levels that have been found in the River Nene
sediments over time is indicative of how effective wastewater management can be. This
offers some potential hope for the future of countries where control of wastewater from
tanneries is still to be managed properly. It is believed that the demonstrations have been
done on the projects such as this, which have the potential to solve many of the industrial
probes and lead to new processes, cannot be contemplated without the use of highly
sophisticated analytical laboratory equipment and their commitment to leather research by
making huge investments. In addition to the ICP-OES etc. that has been used, other recent
acquisitions include Gas Chromatography(GC) which is a technique that can separate out
volatile substances from a mixture enabling their identification and measurement and Ultra
High Performance Liquid Chromatography(uHPLC) which separates out and identifies liquids
instead of gases. These equipments intended to beused for studying amino acids and gain a
better understanding of vegetable tannins used in leather manufacture. (1 Fig.; 3 Photos).
LEATHER PRODUCTS
LEATHERGOODS
48.13951
Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) in Indian leather industry. PAUL (BC), MUKHERJEE (G), (M/s.
Indian Leather Technologists Association(ILTA), SanjoyBhawan, No. : 44, Shanti Pally, 3 rd
Floor, Kolkata-700 107, India). (J. Indian Leather Technol. Assoc.; 63, 2; 2013, Feb.; 190-205).

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

80

Since 1950

LESA

Describes the leather industry in India with its current position in the Universe by confocal
fluorescence microscopy(CFM). Discusses the challenges that are at present faced
respectively both by the tannery and leather sectors as well as the government policies in
support of the leather industry. Discusses also the needs, on the part of the leather sector for
attractingFDIs and the opportunities of FDI inflows to leather and leather goods. Briefly
discusses the role of foreign investment and the current global scenario for the leather &
leather products industry opportunity to attract FDI; its inferences; current FDI regulations
and Indias position in this aspect; interventions that have been suggested for the Twelfth
Plan; promotional activities in foreign countries to be carried out in various formats; utilities
of conducting different methods of the road shows in foreign countries; investment promotion
delegations to foreign countries; visit of sourcing missions to overseas countries. Strongly
recommends the various modes of the Working Group formulated with a view of promoting
activities for developing the leather industry in India through print campaign, invitations
and investment meets. (5 Ref.; 2 Tab.).

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

81

LESA

Since 1950

SUBJECT INDEX
Acetate, Allyland glycols, Group-free diastereselective C-C coupling
Acid catalyzed SN2 type alkylation of alcohols with ethers, Brnsted
Acid, (R)-puraquinonic, Concise total synthesis
Acid fabrics, Polylactic, Simulated dispersed, Reduction clearing, Properties
Acids for skins, Short term preservation
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin manufacturing with wastewater,Treatment
Actions of Alpiniagalangal(L.), Stimulant, Central nervous system
Activated alkenes indehydroxylative radical coupling reactions
Adhesion, Reversible underwater withsupramolecular Velcro
Adsorbents, Microporous, PVA supported, Use,Wastewater remediation
Agent components, Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning, Separation
Agents, Anticancer, Platinum, Localization, Fluorescent pot-labeling, Use, Probe
Albino mice, Swiss, Ovary and uterus, Cycle, Profiles, Skin extract,Effect
Alcohol, Primary, Site-selective, Dehydrogenation
Alcohol supportedmicroporous adsorbents, Polyvinyl, Use,Wastewater
Alcohols with ethers, SN2-type alkylation, Brnsted acid catalyzed
Alcohols from olefins, Sequence
Aldol, Double, Reaction, Use, Stereoselective synthesis of multiple stereocenters
Alkenes, Activated, Dehydroxylative radical coupling reactions
Alkynes andsulfoximines, Copper-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling
Allyl acetate and glycols, C-C coupling through alcohol dehydrogenation
, -unsaturated ketones, Copper/palladium-catalyzed 1,4-reduction and alkylation
Alpiniagalangal(L.) rhizome, Central nervous system stimulant actions
Ambient temperature with formaldehyde
Ammonia, Coordination for magnetic moment in On-service low-spin porphyrin
Ammonia and water complexes ofGermanium(II) dications
Anticancer agents, DNA-targeted platinum, Subcellular localization, Probe
Antigen protein in microalga,TB, Molecular cloning and expression
Aqueous extract of roots, Diuretic potential, Preliminary study
Area,Tank farm with Dyke bellows for process and space constraints
Area,Tanning, Former with river sediment testing
Ash, Fly, Plastic waste with composite, Stone matrix asphalt, Laboratory work
Ash, Zinc in rats, Ayurvedic medicine, Activity and safety
Asphalt, Stone matrix with composite of fly ash and plastic waste, Laboratory
Associated economy and global conventional energy resource scenario
Asymmetric biocatalysiswith quantum chemistry as tool
Asymmetric synthesis of amino nitriles throughMannich reaction of imines
Atomic and bond orbitals and spectra of phthalimides, Natural, Studies
Automated pharmaceutical ingredient, Market,World
Ayurvedic medicine in rats,Anti-diabetic activity and safety assessment
Azide, Formyl, Properties and solid-state structure
Azides, Diazo compounds, Isocyanidesindiazasemibullevalenes, Cycloadditions
Bating, Non-ammonia, Effective approach
Bating, Process, Calcium from pelt, Removal
Bellows, Dyke, Tank farm area for process and space constraints

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13929
48.13901
48.13904
48.13918
48.13946
48.13950
48.13888
48.13913
48.13897
48.13941
48.13917
48.13919
48.13940
48.13929
48.13941
48.13901
48.13928
48.13930
48.13913
48.13914
48.13929
48.13921
48.13888
48.13945
48.13893
48.13899
48.13919
48.13890
48.13887
48.13937
48.13950
48.13939
48.13886
48.13939
48.13879
48.13894
48.13909
48.13926
48.13880
48.13886
48.13931
48.13902
48.13916
48.13916
48.13937

82

Since 1950

LESA

-amino nitriles throughMannich reaction ofsilyl ketene imines


-synthase inhibitors, Cystathionine, Use, Hydrogen sulfide selective probe
(Bio-) chemical stimuli, Report using probes withmagnetogenesis
Biocatalysis, Asymmetric, Quantum chemistry as tool
Biofilter media for non-isothermal condition on heterogeneous flow
Biological activated carbon, Use, Resin, Manufacturing,Wastewater,Treatment
Biology and medicine with highly fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots
Biorefinerywith lignin, Role, Separation, Characterization and valorization
Blocks, Building, Phosphacycles, Use, Main group cages
Bond and atomic orbitals, Natural and spectra ofphthalimides, Theoretical studies
Bonds, Si=Si double, Reversible, complete cleavage usingisocyanide insertion
Borosilicate, Deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystal
Brnsted acids catalyzed SN2 type alkylation of alcohols and ethers
Building blocks for main group cages usingphosphacycles
Cages, Main group, Phosphacylesas building blocks
Calcium from pelt, Removal, Bating, Process
Carbon, Biological activated, Use, Resin, Manufacturing, Wastewater, Treatment
Carbon-oxygen surface groups, Influence, Green dye from water, Removal
Cascade, Synthetic enzyme in cell-free system, Dihydrogen, Production
Case, Limonene epoxide hydrolyase test
Case studies using modellingand simulation for process design and engineering
Catalysis, Dual, Enantioselective
Catalysts, Activity, Promoting, Use, Water with complexes, Oxidation
Catalysts, Efficient, FePtandCoPt nanowires, Use, Oxygen reduction reaction
Catalyzed chain-growth polymerization fortelechelic polyethylene
Cation, Lewis acidic solvated phenylcalcium, Stabilization and reactivity
Cell-free system with synthetic enzyme cascade, Use, Dihydrogen, Production
Central nervous system stimulant actions of Alpiniagalangal(L.) rhizome
Chain-growth polymerization, Catalyzedfortelechelic polyethylene
Channapunctatus(Bloch), Indian freshwater murrel, Proteins, Isolation
Charge transfer towards included fullerene, Covalent organic framework
Charge-transfer mechanisms, Interface-assisted, Revealing using local probes
Chemicals in India, Speciality
Chemistry, Quantum, Use,Tool in asymmetric biocatalysis
Chiral metal surfaces, Naturally, Enantioselective separation
Chlamydomonasreinhardtii, Microalga
Citrus processing waste withfragments, Extraction and recovery, Finance, Effect
Cobalt(II) hydroxamic mixed ligand complexes, Spectral studies
Coefficients, Diffusion, Small molecule, Rationalization
Complex Zr-Al-Ti,Tanning agent components, Separation
Complexes, Bridged dinuclear ruthenium,Water, Oxidation with catalysts
Complexes, Cobalt(II) hydroxamic mixed ligand, Spectral studies
Complexes ofGermanium(II) dications,Water and ammonia
Components, Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning agent, Separation
Compounds, Diazo, Azides, Isocyanides, Site-selective cycloadditions
Composite of fly ash and plastic waste in stone matrix asphalt, Laboratory work
Concise total synthesis of (R)-puraquinonic acid

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13909
48.13892
48.13895
48.13894
48.13948
48.13949
48.13932
48.13942
48.13912
48.13926
48.13903
48.13934
48.13901
48.13912
48.13912
48.13916
48.13949
48.13922
48.13891
48.13894
48.13882
48.13921
48.13896
48.13907
48.13935
48.13911
48.13891
48.13888
48.13935
48.13889
48.13927
48.13910
48.13877
48.13894
48.13900
48.13890
48.13881
48.13943
48.13923
48.13917
48.13896
48.13943
48.13899
48.13917
48.13902
48.13939
48.13904

83

Since 1950

LESA

Conditions, Physiological, Magnetogenesis, Probes, Report on chemical stimuli


Constraints, Process and space using Dyke bellows in tank farm area
Continuous flow of hydrazine in mild and rapid Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling
Contracted porphyrinthiatriphyrin(2.1.1), Core-modified
Conventional energy resource scenario, Global and associated economy
CopperPlatinumand FePt nanowires as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Core-modified contracted porphyrinthiatriphyrin(2.1.1)
Corporate Social Responsibility, New challenge
Covalent organic framework,Thienothiophene-basedfor transfer of fullerene
Crystal, Non-linear optical, Deep-ultraviolet, Borosilicate
Cs4B4SiO9, Borosilicate
Curcuma longa Linn.aqueous extract, Effect, Rats withureal inflammation
Cystathionine -synthase inhibitors with hydrogen sulfide selective probe
Deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystal, Borosilicate
Deoxyribonucleoroacid-targeted platinum anticancer agents, Localization
Derivatives, Diaza- andtriazabrexadiene, Synthesis withazides and compounds
Diaza- andtriazabrexadiene derivatives, Synthesis
Diazo compounds for Diaza- andtriazabrexadiene derivatives
Dicationswith water and ammonia complexes, Germanium(II)
Diet, Fat and sucrose in rats, High, Stress, Hydrate, Effect
Dihydrogenfrom xylose, Cascade in system, Use, Production
Diffusion coefficients, Small molecule, Rationalization
Diffusion-ordered NMR spectra, Quantitative interpretation
Dinuclear ruthenium complexes, Bridged, Use,Water, Oxidation
Direct investment, Foreign in Indian leather industry
Dots for biology and medicine, Highly fluorescent semiconducting polymer
Double aldol reaction forstereoselective synthesis of multiple stereocenters
Double bonds, Si=Si, Reversible, complete cleavage byisocyanide insertion
Dual catalysis, Enantioselective
Durancins, Antifungal properties
Dye from water, Malachite green, Removal, Surface-groups, Influence
Dyehouse wastewater, Remediation, PVA supportedmicroporous adsorbents
Dyed PLA fabrics, Simulated dispersed, Reduction clearing, Tensile properties
Dyke bellows in tank farm area for process and space constraints
Economy, Associated and global conventional energy resource scenario
Egg-yolk proteinsfrom oocytes, Isolation, Purification and characterization
Electrophilic hypervalent iodine reagent fortrifluoromethylthiolation
Enantioselective dual catalysis
Energy, Conservation in leather processing
Energy resource scenario, Conventional, Global, Associated economy
Engineering, Process design with dynamic modellingand simulation, Case studies
Enterococcus durans A5-11 and synthetic fragments, Durancis, Isolation
Enzyme cascade in system, Synthetic, Use, Dihydrogen from xylose, Production
Epoxide hydrolase test case, Limonene
Estrous cycle, Profiles, Histopathology of ovary anduretus, Extract, Effect
Ethanol, Use, Pectic fragments in waste, Co-production, Finance, Effect
Ethers and alcohols, Brnsted acid catalyzed SN2 type alkylation

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13895
48.13937
48.13915
48.13908
48.13879
48.13907
48.13908
48.13883
48.13927
48.13934
48.13934
48.13884
48.13892
48.13934
48.13919
48.13902
48.13902
48.13902
48.13899
48.13885
48.13891
48.13923
48.13923
48.13896
48.13951
48.13932
48.13930
48.13903
48.13921
48.13944
48.13922
48.13941
48.13918
48.13937
48.13879
48.13889
48.13920
48.13921
48.13878
48.13879
48.13882
48.13944
48.13891
48.13894
48.13940
48.13881
48.13901

84

Since 1950

LESA

Extract of Curcuma longa Linn.,Aqueous,Topically applied standardized


Extract of Solanumxanthocarpum roots, Aqueous, Use, Illnesses,Treating
Farm area,Tank with Dyke bellows for process and space constraints
Fat diet and sucrose in rats, High, Stress, Hydrate, Effect
Films,Thin, Metal-organic framework, Absorption
Fly ash and plastic waste in composite, Stone matrix asphalt, Laboratory work
Flow, Continuous, Hydrazine, Mild and rapid Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling
Foreign Direct Investment in Indian leather industry
Formaldehyde in ambient temperature
Formylazide, Properties and solid-state structure
Fragments, Pectic, Extraction and recovery from waste, Finance, Effect
Fragments, Synthetic, Enterococcus durans A5-11, Durancins, Isolation
Framework, Covalent organic, Photoconductive thienothiophene-based
Framework thin films, Metal-organic, Crystallite orientation dependent absorption
Freshwater murrel, Indian, Proteins from oocytes, Isolation, Purification
Fullerene, Included, Charge transfer, Covalent organic framework
Fullerenophosphateswithinvertomers
Functionalized heterocycles, Synthesis, Application
Germanium(II) dicationswith water and ammonia complexes
Global conventional energy resource scenario and associated economy
Green dye from water, Malachite, Removal, Groups, Influence
Group cages, Main, Phosphacyclesas building blocks
Groups, Surface, Carbon-oxygen, Influence, Green dye from water, Removal
Growth with opportunities
Hemiaminals, Umpolung
Heterocycles, Functionalized, Synthesis, Application
Hierarchically organized zeolites, Sequential intergrowth, Use, Formation
High sucrose and fat diet in rats, Oxidative stress, Hydrate, Effect
Highly fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots for biology and medicine
Histopathology, cycle and profiles of ovary and uterus of mice
Hydrate, (+)-catechin, Effect, Stress with high sucrose and fat diet in rats
Hydrazine in continuous flow in mild and rapid Pd-catalyzed cross coupling
Hydrogen sulfide selective probe, Use, Inhibitors, Identification
Hydrolase test case, Limonene epoxide
Hydroxamic mixed ligand complexes, Cobalt(II), Spectral studies
Hypervalent iodine reagent, Electrophilic,Use,Trifluoromethylthiolation
Imines, Ketene, Silyl, Three-component Mannich reaction
India withspeciality chemicals
Indian leather industry with foreign direct investment
Indoor pollutant to outdoor pollutant
Industry, Indian leather, Foreign Direct Investment
Ingredient, Pharmaceutical, Automated,World market
Inhibitors, Cystathionine synthase with selective probe for identification
Interface-assisted charge-transfer mechanisms using nanowires for revealing
Intergrowth, Sequential, Use, Hierarchically organized zeolites, Formation
Invertomersoffullerenophosphates
IronPlatinumandCoPt nanowires as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13884
48.13887
48.13937
48.13885
48.13933
48.13939
48.13915
48.13951
48.13945
48.13931
48.13881
48.13944
48.13927
48.13933
48.13889
48.13927
48.13906
48.13915
48.13899
48.13879
48.13922
48.13912
48.13922
48.13877
48.13913
48.13915
48.13898
48.13885
48.13932
48.13940
48.13885
48.13915
48.13892
48.13894
48.13943
48.13920
48.13909
48.13877
48.13951
48.13945
48.13951
48.13880
48.13892
48.13910
48.13898
48.13906
48.13907

85

Since 1950

LESA

Isocyanides, azides and diazo compounds in 2,6-diazasemibullevalenes


Jasadabhasma in rats, Ayurvedic medicine, Activity and safety
Ketene imines, Silyl,Three-component Mannich reaction, Use, Nitriles, Synthesis
Ketones, ,-unsaturated, 1,4-reduction and asymmetric allylic alkylation
Leather, Odor, Property
Lewis acidic solvated phenylcalciumcation, Stabilization and reactivity
Iodine reagent, Electrophilic hypervalent, Use,Trifluoromethylthiolation
Laboratory performance of asphalt in composite with fly ash and plastic waste
Leather, Processing with energy conservation
Leather industry, Indian using foreign direct investment
Ligand complexes, Mixed, Hydroxamic, Cobalt(II), Spectral studies
Lignin, Role inbiorefinery, Separation, Characterization and valorization
Limonene epoxide hydrolase test case
Local probes, Silicon nanowires, Use, Charge-transfer mechanisms, Revealing
Low-spin porphyrin, On-service with magnetic moment, Ammonia coordination
Machines, Modern, Use, Nonwoven technical textiles production
Magnetic moment in On-service low-spin porphyrin
Magnetogenesisunder conditions with probes, Report on (bio-) chemical stimuli
Main group cages withphosphacycles as building blocks
Malachite green dye from water, Removal, Surface groups, Influence
Male Wistar rats with sucrose and diet, Stress, Effect
Management system implementation with process safety for oil
Market,World for Automated pharmaceutical ingredient
Matrix asphalt, Stone with composite of ash and waste, Laboratory work
Mechanisms, Charge-transfer, Interface-assisted, Revealing
Media, Biofilterfor heterogeneous flow, Non-isothermal condition, Effect
Medicine, Ayurvedic, Anti-diabetic activity and safety assessment
Medicine and biology with highly fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots
Metal surfaces, Chiral, Naturally, Enantioselective separation
Metal-organic framework thin films, Crystallite orientation dependent absorption
Mice, Swiss albino, Ovary and uterus, Cycle, Profiles and histopathology
Microalga with TB antigen protein, Molecular cloning and expression
Microporous adsorbents, PVA supported,Use,Wastewater, Remediation
Mixed ligand complexes, Hydroxamic, Cobalt(II), Spectral studies
Modern machines for nonwoven technical textiles production
Molecule diffusion coefficients, Small, Rationalization
Multiple stereocenterswithstereoselective synthesis using double aldol reaction
Murrel, Freshwater, Indian, Proteins from oocytes, Isolation, Purification
N-(methyl) and (N-2 bromoethyl) phthalimides, Orbitals and spectra, Studies
N-(2 bromoethyl) and N-methyl phthalimides, Orbitals and spectra, Studies
NajanajaLaurenti shed skin extract, Effect, Cycle, profiles of albino mice
Nanowires, FePtandCoPt, Use, Efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Natural atomic and bond orbitals and spectra ofphthalimides,Theoretical studies
Naturally chiral metal complexes, Enantioselective separation
Nervous system stimulant actions of Alpiniagalangal(L.) rhizome, Central
Non-ammonia bating with effective approach
Nano-fibres, Polyaniline, Synthesis and characterization

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13902
48.13886
48.13909
48.13921
48.13938
48.13911
48.13920
48.13939
48.13878
48.13951
48.13943
48.13942
48.13894
48.13910
48.13893
48.13936
48.13893
48.13895
48.13912
48.13922
48.13885
48.13947
48.13880
48.13939
48.13910
48.13948
48.13886
48.13932
48.13900
48.13933
48.13940
48.13890
48.13941
48.13943
48.13936
48.13923
48.13930
48.13889
48.13926
48.13926
48.13940
48.13907
48.13926
48.13900
48.13888
48.13916
48.13925

86

Since 1950

LESA

Nanowires, Silicon as local probes, Use, Charge-transfer mechanisms, Revealing


Nitriles, -amino, Synthesis viaScIII-catalyzed three-component imines reaction
Nonlinear optical crystal, Deep-ultraviolet
Nonwoven technical textiles, Production using modern machines
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra, Diffusion-ordered, Interpretation
Odor, Property of leather
Oil with process safety management system implementation
Olefins to alcohols, Sequence
On-service low-spin porphyrinwith magnetic moment, Ammonia coordination
1,3-glycols andallyl acetate, C-C coupling through alcohol degeneration
Optical crystal, Nonlinear, Deep-ultraviolet, Borosilicate
Orbitals, Natural atomic and natural bonds, Spectra ofphthalimide, Studies
Organic framework, Covalent for charge transfer towardsincluded fullerene
Outdoor pollutant from indoor pollutant
Ovary and uretusof Swiss albino mice with cycle, profiles, histopathology
Oxidative stress, Effect, (+)-catechin hydrate with sucrose and diet in rats
Oxygen reduction reaction with FePtand CoPt nanowires as efficient catalysts
Pectic fragments from citrus processing waste for co-production, Finance, Effect
Pelt, Calcium, Removal, Bating, Process
Phenylcalciumcation, Lewis acidic solvated, Stabilization and reactivity
Phosphacyclesas building blocks for main group cages
Photoconductive thienothiophene-based covalent organic framework for transfer
Phthalimide, N-(methyl) and N-(2 bromoethyl), Spectra, Studies
Physiological conditions with probes, Magnetogenesis, Report on chemical stimuli
Plastic waste and fly ash with composite, Stone matrix asphalt, Laboratory work
Platinum anticancer agents, DNA-targeted, Localization, Probe, Pot-labeling
(+)-catechin hydrate, Effect, Stress with sucrose and diet in rats
Pollutant, Indoor to outdoor
Polyanilinenano-fibres, Synthesis and characterization
Polyethylene, Telechelicwith catalyzed chain-growth polymerization
Polylactic acid fabrics, Simulated dispersed dyed, Reduction clearing, Properties
Polymer dots for biology and medicine, Highly fluorescent semiconducting
Polymerization, Catalyzed chain-growth,Telechelic polyethylene
Polyvinylalcoholsupportedmicroporous adsorbents forwastewater remediation
Porphyrin, Core-modified contracted
Preliminary study
Preliminary study,SolanumxanthocarpumSchrad&Wendl root, Extract, Potential
Primary alcohol dehydrogenation, Site-selective, Use, 1,3-glycols, Coupling
Profiles, Hormone-cytokine, Histopathology of ovary and uterus of mice
Protein,TB antigen in microalga, Molecular cloning and expression
Proteins from oocytes of freshwater murrel, Egg-folk, Isolation, Purification
Probe of platinum anticancer agents with localization using pot-labeling
Probe, Selective, Hydrogen sulfide, Use, Cystathionine -synthase, Identification
Probes, Local, Silicon nanowires, Use, Charge-transfer mechanisms, Revealing
Probes withmagnetogenesisunder physiological conditions, Report
Process, Bating, Calcium from pelt, Removal
Process and space constraints using tank farm area with Dyke bellows

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13910
48.13909
48.13934
48.13936
48.13923
48.13938
48.13947
48.13928
48.13893
48.13929
48.13934
48.13926
48.13927
48.13945
48.13940
48.13885
48.13907
48.13881
48.13916
48.13911
48.13912
48.13927
48.13926
48.13895
48.13939
48.13919
48.13885
48.13945
48.13925
48.13935
48.13918
48.13932
48.13935
48.13941
48.13908
48.13888
48.13887
48.13929
48.13940
48.13890
48.13889
48.13919
48.13892
48.13910
48.13895
48.13916
48.13937

87

Since 1950
Process design and engineering with modellingand simulation, Case studies
Process safety management system implementation for oil
Profiles, Hormone-cytokine, NajanajaLaurenti-shed skin extract, Effect
Proteins from oocytes, Egg-yolk, Isolation, Purification and characterization
Pyridines, Cobalt-catalyzed C4-selective direct alkylation
Quantum chemistry as tool in asymmetric biocatalysis
(R)-puraquinonic acid, Concise total synthesis
Rats with endotoxin-induced ureal inflammation, Aqueous extract. Effect
Rats with Jasadablasma(zinc ash), Ayurvedic medicine, Activity and safety
Rats,Wister, Male with sucrose and diet, Use, Stress, Effect
Reagent fortrifluoromethylthiolation, Electrophilic hypervalent iodine
Report on (Bio-) chemical stimuli usingmagnetogenesisunder conditions
Resin, Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, Manufacturing,Wastewater,Treatment
Resource scenario, Conventional energy, Global and associated economy
Reversible underwater adhesion usingsupramolecular Velcro
Rhizome, Alpinia galangal(L.), Central nervous system stimulant actions
River sediment testing in former tanning area
Role of lignin inbiorefinery, Separation, Characterization and valorization
Roots of SolanumxanthocarpumSchrad&Wendlaqueous extract, Potential
Ruthenium complexes in water, Bridged dinuclear, Oxidation using Catalysts
Safety, Assessment and anti-diabetic activity ofAyurvedic medicine in rats
Safety management system implementation, Process, Use, Oil
Scenario, Global conventional energy resource and associated economy
Sediment, River, Testing in former tanning area
Selective probe, Hydrogen sulfide, Use, Cystathionine synthase inhibitors
Semiconducting polymer dots for biology and medicine, Highly fluorescent
Sequence from olefins to alcohols, Domino hydroformylation/reduction
Sequential intergrowth, Use, Hierarchically organized zeolites, Formation
Si=Si double bonds, Cleavage usingisocyanide insertion
Silicon nanowires as local probes, Use, Charge-transfer mechanisms, Revealing
Silyl ketene imines, Mannich reaction, Use, Nitriles, Asymmetric synthesis
Simulated dispersed dyed PLA fabrics, Reduction clearing,Tensile properties
Simulated UV-visible spectra ofphthalimideand orbitals, Theoretical studies
Skin extract on cycle, profiles, histopathology of ovary anduretus, Effect
Skins with acids, Short term preservation
Small molecule diffusion coefficients, Rationalization
Social responsibility, Corporate, New challenge
Solanumxanthocarpumroots extract, Urination and calculus, Difficulty,Treating
Solid-state structure and properties offormylazide
Space and process constraints with Dyke bellows in tank farm area
Speciality chemicals in India
Spectra, Diffusion-ordered NMR, Quantitative interpretation
Spectra ofphthalimide, Simulated UV-visible, Orbitals,Theoretical studies
Spectral studies ofcobalt(II) hydroxamic mixed ligand complexes, X-ray
Stereocenters, Multiple, Stereoselective synthesis using double aldol reaction
Stereoselective synthesis of multiple stereocenters using double aldol reaction
Stimulant actions of Alpiniagalangal(L.) rhizome, Central nervous system

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

LESA
48.13882
48.13947
48.13940
48.13889
48.13924
48.13894
48.13904
48.13884
48.13806
48.13885
48.13920
48.13895
48.13949
48.13879
48.13897
48.13888
48.13950
48.13942
48.13887
48.13896
48.13886
48.13947
48.13879
48.13950
48.13892
48.13932
48.13928
48.13898
48.13903
48.13910
48.13909
48.13918
48.13926
48.13940
48.13946
48.13923
48.13883
48.13887
48.13931
48.13937
48.13877
48.13923
48.13926
48.13943
48.13930
48.13930
48.13888

88

Since 1950

LESA

Stone matrix asphalt with composite of fly ash and plastic waste, Laboratory work
Stress, Oxidative, Hydrate, Effect, Sucrose and diet in rats
Structure, Solid-state and properties offormylazide
Studies, Case, Effect, Modellingand simulation for design and engineering
Studies ofcobalt(II) hydroxamic mixed ligand complexes, X-ray K-absorption
Studies on orbitals and spectra ofphthalimide,Theoretical
Study, Preliminary
Study of Sodium xanthocarpumSchrad&Wendleroots extract, Preliminary
Sucrose and fat diet in rats, High for hydrate on stress, Effect
Sulfide, Hydrogen, Selective probe, Use, Cystathionine synthase inhibitors
Sulfoximinesand alkynes, Copper-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling
Supramolecular Velcro for reversible underwater adhesion
Surface groups, Carbon-oxygen, Influence, Dye, Removal
Surfaces, Naturally chiral metal, Enantioselective complexes
Swiss albino mice, Ovary and uterus, Cycle, Profiles andhistopathology
Synthesis of Diaza- and triazabrexadiene derivatives
Synthesis of functionalized heterocycles
Synthesis of multiple stereocentersusing double aldol reaction, Stereoselective
Synthesis of (R)-puraquinonic acid,Total, Concise
Synthesis and characterization ofpolyanilinenano-fibres
Synthetic enzyme cascade in cell-free system, Use, Dihydrogen, Production
Synthetic fragments of Enterococcus durans A5-11, Durancis, Isolation, Properties
System, Cell-free with synthetic enzyme cascade, Use, Dihydrogenfrom xylose
System, Process safety management, Use, Oil, Implementation
System stimulant actions of Alpiniagalangal(L).rhizome, Nervous, Central
Tank farm area with Dyke bellows for process and space constraints
Tanning agent components, Zr-Al-Ti complex, Separation
Tanning area, Former, River sediment testing
TB antigen protein in microalga, Molecular cloning and expression
Technical textiles, Nonwoven, Production using modern machines
Telechelic polyethylene from catalyzed chain-growth polymerization
Temperature with formaldehyde, Ambient
Test case, Limonene epoxide hydrolase
Textiles,Technical, Nonwoven, Production using modern machines
Thiatriphyrin(2.1.1), Core-modified contracted porphyrin
Thienothiophene-based covalent organic framework, Photoconductive
Thin films, Metal-organic framework, Crystallite orientation dependent absorption
Tool, Quantum chemistry, Use, Asymmetric biocatalysis
Total synthesis of (R)-puraquinonic acid, Concise
Transfer, Charge, Included fullerene, Framework
Triazabrexadiene, Diaza- derivatives, Synthesis withazides, compounds
2,6-diazasemibullvalenes, Lewis acid catalyzed site-selective cycloadditions
Ultraviolet-visible spectra and orbitals ofphthalimides,Theoretical studies
Underwater adhesion, Reversible withsupramolecular Velcro
Uretusand ovary of Swiss albino mice, Cycle, Profiles and histopathology
Velcro, Supramolecular, Use, Reversible underwater adhesion
Waste with fragments, Citrus processing, Extraction and recovery, Finance, Effect

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13939
48.13855
48.13931
48.13882
48.13943
48.13926
48.13888
48.13887
48.13885
48.13892
48.13914
48.13897
48.13922
48.13900
48.13940
48.13902
48.13915
48.13930
48.13904
48.13925
48.13891
48.13944
48.13891
48.13947
48.13888
48.13937
48.13917
48.13950
48.13890
48.13936
48.13935
48.13945
48.13894
48.13936
48.13908
48.13927
48.13933
48.13894
48.13904
48.13927
48.13902
48.13902
48.13926
48.13897
48.13940
48.13897
48.13881

89

Since 1950

LESA

Waste, Stone asphalt with composite of fly ash and plastic waste, Laboratory work
Wastewater from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin,Treatment using carbon
Wastewater, Dyehouse, Remediation with PVA supportedmicroporous adsorbents
Water, Adhesion, Under, Reversible usingsupramolecular Velcro
Water, Murrel, Fresh, Indian, Egg-yolk proteins from oocytes, Isolation
Water, Oxidation with catalysts, Activity, Promoting
Water with malachite green dye, Adsorptive removal, Surface, Influence
Water from resin manufacturing,Waste,Treatment using carbon
Water,Waste, Dyehouse, Remediation, PVA supportedmicroporous adsorbents
Water and ammonia complexes ofGermanium(II) dications
Wistar rats, Male, High sucrose and fat diet for hydrate on stress, Effect
World market for automated pharmaceutical ingredient
X-ray K-absorption spectral studies ofcobalt(II) mixed ligand complexes
Xylose withdihydrogen, Cascade in system for high-yield production
Zeolites, Hierarchically organized, Sequential intergrowth, Use, Formation
Zinc ash, Jasadabhasma, Ayurvedic medicine for rats, Activity and safety
Zirconium-Aluminium-Titanium complex tanning agent components, Separation

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13939
48.13949
48.13941
48.13897
48.13889
48.13896
48.13922
48.13949
48.13941
48.13899
48.13885
48.13880
48.13945
48.13891
48.13898
48.13886
48.13917

90

LESA

Since 1950

AUTHOR INDEX
ABHINANDAN KUMAR
ADAMS (MW)
ADLARD (PA)
AGARWAL (P)
AGARWAL (R)
AGGARWAL (N)
AGRAWAL (DS)
AHN (Y)
ANDOU (T)
ARAVINDHAN (R)
ASWAR (M)
ASWAR (U)
AURAS (F)
BAIG (GA)
BALACHANDRAN (V)
BALLAV (N)
BANDOPADHYAY (R)
BANERJEE (S)
BANERT (K)
BANSAL (DD)
BARNHAM (KJ)
BARRIOS (AM)
BAUDY-FLOCH (M)
BECKERS (H)
BEIN (T)
BEJAN (I)
BELESKA (K)
BELGUESMIA (Y)
BELLER (M)
BERNHARDT (E)
BHAGAT (M)
BHAT (BA)
BHISE (S)
BIERBACH (U)
BODHANKAR (S)
BOISSON (C)
BOLM (C)
BUCHWALD (SL)
CAMERON (R)
CAMPO (JSMd)
CAPPAL (R)
CHAIKITTISLIP (W)
CHANDRA BABU (NK)
CHANDRAYAN (S)
CHAUDHARY (GR)
CHIU (DT)

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13878
48.13891
48.13905
48.13884
48.13884
48.13889
48.13886
48.13897
48.13924
48.13878
48.13887
48.13887
48.13927
48.13918
48.13926
48.13893
48.13899
48.13888
48.13931
48.13885
48.13905
48.13892
48.13944
48.13931
48.13927
48.13903
48.13946
48.13944
48.13928
48.13931
48.13922
48.13879
48.13937
48.13919
48.13887
48.13935
48.13914
48.13915
48.13881
48.13891
48.13905
48.13898
48.13878
48.13891
48.13922
48.13932

CHOBERT (J)
CHOISET (Y)
CHOURASIYA (A)
CHUN (Y)
CICCOTOSTO (G)
ORI (I)
CORTES (M)
CRITCH (N)
CZERNY (M)
DAGOSTO (F)
DAI (X)
DAN (N)
DAN (W)
DASGUPTA (SC)
De ANGELIS (A)
DECHERT-SCHMITT (AR)
DENG (Z)
DING (S)
DONAUBAUER (W)
DOGRU (M)
DYBALLA (KM)
EVANS (R)
FENG (X)
FISCHER (R)
FISCHER (RA)
FLEISCHER (I)
FRANKE (R)
GAN (L)
GANGADEEP SINGH
GARG (M)
GELLMAN (AJ)
GERMAN (I)
GIROVSKY (J)
GLEASON (JL)
GMEHLING (A)
GOMES (A)
GOPAL (J)
GRLS (H)
GOYAL (M)
GREEN (M)
GROHMAN (K)
GUO (S)
GUO (X)
GUPTA (SK)
HAERTLE (T)
HAGEDORN (M)

48.13944
48.13944
48.13939
48.13891
48.13905
48.13901
48.13905
48.13905
48.13938
48.13935
48.13913
48.13917
48.13917
48.13940
48.13915
48.13929
48.13923
48.13919
48.13906
48.13927
48.13928
48.13923
48.13909
48.13911
48.13933
48.13928
48.13928
48.13910
48.13939
48.13885
48.13900
48.13935
48.13893
48.13904
48.13906
48.13940
48.13947
48.13911
48.13922
48.13912
48.13881
48.13907
48.13910
48.13884
48.13944
48.13931

91

LESA

Since 1950
HHLEN (T)
HAMPEL (F)
HANDLOSER (M)
HARTSCHUH (A)
HASSERODT (J)
HEINERMANN (FW)
HILDEBRAND (J)
HIMO (F)
HIRSCH (A)
HUANG (F)
HUANG (H)
HUANG (P)
HUANG (Z)
HUCH (V)
HUNG (LW)
ITABASHI (K)
JACKSTELL (R)
JAIN (PK)
JANG (Y)
JENNERJAHN (R)
JIA (S)
JIANG (Y)
JUNG (TA)
KADAM (A)
KANAI (M)
KARTHICK (T)
KAVITHA (B)
KELHIFI (W)
KENCHE (VB)
KIM (JH)
KIM (K)
KIM (Y)
KLEIBERT (A)
KNOCHEL (P)
KHLER (M)
KOMAI (H)
KOTANI (S)
KOUL (A)
KRAUS (JP)
KRISCHE (MJ)
KUBO (T)
KUCERA (GL)
KUNZ (T)
KURUP (GM)
KUZUHARA (D)
KWOK (J)
LAI (B)
LAL (V)

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13893
48.13906
48.13927
48.13927
48.13895
48.13906
48.13911
48.13894
48.13906
48.13896
48.13914
48.13913
48.13934
48.13903
48.13905
48.13898
48.13928
48.13939
48.13897
48.13928
48.13917
48.13896
48.13893
48.13937
48.13924
48.13926
48.13925
48.13935
48.13905
48.13901
48.13897
48.13881
48.13893
48.13927
48.13911
48.13924
48.13930
48.13885
48.13892
48.13929
48.13930
48.13919
48.13927
48.13890
48.13908
48.13905
48.13949
48.13905

LAMBIN (D)
LANGER (J)
Le BLAY (G)
LI (D)
LI (F)
LI (L)
LI (Q)
LI (X)
LIAO (X)
LIN (L)
LIND (MES)
LIST (B)
LIU (B)
LIU (H)
LIU (M)
LIU (X)
LU (L)
LUO (W)
LUZIO (G)
MA (J)
MAC (Y)
MACDONALD (CLB)
MAJID (MI)
MAJTAN (T)
MAJUMDAR (M)
MARKOVIC (NM)
MARRS (GS)
MASTERS (CL)
MATSUNAGA (S)
MAURIN (P)
McLACHLAN (AS)
MEHRA (P)
MEDINA (D)
MELTZER (A)
MISHRA (A)
MORI (S)
MORRIS (GA)
MUKHERJEE (G)
MUKHERJEE (S)
MUKTI (RR)
MURAKAMI (K)
MYUNG (S)
NAHRA (F)
NAIR (GP)
NAJAR (JA)
NAKAJIMA (M)
NARSIMLU (N)

48.13921
48.13911
48.13944
48.13907
48.13896
48.13910
48.13910
48.13896
48.13916
48.13909
48.13894
48.13901
48.13933
48.13931
48.13917
48.13909
48.13920
48.13909
48.13881
48.13913
48.13921
48.13899
48.13879
48.13892
48.13903
48.13907
48.13919
48.13905
48.13924
48.13895
48.13923
48.13885
48.13927
48.13903
48.13943
48.13908
48.13923
48.13879
48.13951
48.13940
48.13898
48.13905
48.13891
48.13921
48.13936
48.13879
48.13930
48.13925

92

LESA

Since 1950
NATARAJ (A)
NGUYEN (JH)
NILSON (M)
NOLTING (F)
NORSIC (S)
NOWAKOWSKI (J)
OKUBO (T)
OKUJIMA (T)
OM PRAKASH
OPPENEER (PM)
PAKNIKAR (KM)
PAN (F)
PAN (P)
PANDIAN (SP)
PANDIYAN (N)
PARSAI (N)
PATIL (M)
PATIL (S)
PATIO (S)
PAUL (BC)
PEREZ (K)
PERUMAL (S)
POEPPELMER (KR)
PRATHEESH (PT)
PRIEBBENOW (DL)
QIAO (X)
RABESONA (H)
RAJA (S)
RANI (KV)
RANKA (D)
REENA (K)
RIANT (O)
RICHARDS (JJ)
RIVALTI (D)
ROGERSON (AK)
ROLLIN (J)
RONGALI (U)
RUSSELL (CA)
SAGA (Y)
SAHA (S)
SAKAKIBARA (Y)
SALTHAMMER (T)
SARATHY (VJ)
SCHESCHKEWITZ (D)
SCHIEBERLE (P)
SCHMITT (DC)
SCHRPFER (M)
SCHULZ (H)

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

48.13926
48.13899
48.13923
48.13893
48.13935
48.13893
48.13898
48.13908
48.13889
48.13893
48.13886
48.13914
48.13934
48.13936
48.13882
48.13943
48.13901
48.13882
48.13891
48.13951
48.13905
48.13926
48.13934
48.13890
48.13914
48.13919
48.13944
48.13941
48.13889
48.13887
48.13922
48.13921
48.13923
48.13904
48.13923
48.13891
48.13939
48.13912
48.13924
48.13888
48.13908
48.13945
48.13882
48.13903
48.13938
48.13929
48.13938
48.13938

SEHGAL (N)
SELVAPALAM (N)
SERVALTYTE (J)
SHADBOLT (SR)
SHAH (KM)
SHAO (X)
SHARMA (ML)
SHCHYRBA (A)
SHEN (Q)
SHERRATT (N)
SHI (B)
SHIMODA (Y)
SHIMOJIMA (A)
SHRIVASTAV (BD)
SIEWERT (D)
SINGH (YA)
SIVAKUMAR (K)
SIVAKUMAR (P)
SPANNENBERG (A)
SRINIVASAN (P)
SRIVASTAVA (S)
STAMENKOVIC (VR)
SU (X)
SU (Z)
SUGIURA (M)
SUN (L)
SUN (R)
SUN (S)
SUGITA (K)
SURYADI (J)
SWIDAN (A)
SUZUKI (T)
SUZUKI (Y)
TARAFDER (K)
THIEL (W)
THORSON (MK)
TIONG (EA)
TOUTI (F)
TOWNSEND (NS)
TU (M)
UMRANI (RD)
UNO (H)
VALEIKA (V)
VENKATESH BABU (R)
VLAAR (T)
VOLIAKES (I)
WeKERLIN (C)
WANG (D)

48.13889
48.13897
48.13946
48.13912
48.13877
48.13920
48.13922
48.13893
48.13920
48.13905
48.13916
48.13930
48.13898
48.13943
48.13893
48.13883
48.13925
48.13941
48.13928
48.13941
48.13884
48.13907
48.13934
48.13948
48.13930
48.13896
48.13942
48.13907
48.13898
48.13919
48.13899
48.13898
48.13898
48.13893
48.13901
48.13892
48.13904
48.13895
48.13912
48.13933
48.13886
48.13908
48.13946
48.13882
48.13901
48.13905
48.13893
48.13915

93

LESA

Since 1950
WANG
WANG
WANG
WANG

(J)
(K)
(L)
(X)

WANG (Y)
WANG (Z)
WESTERHAUSEN (M)
WIDMER (W)
WILLIAMS (BM)
WU (C)
WU (H)
XI (Z)
XIAO (S)
XIE (M)
XU (F)
XU (X)
YAMADA (H)
YAN (W)
YANG (B)
YANG (T)

48.13910
48.13917
48.13914
48.13896
48.13920
48.13916
48.13910
48.13911
48.13881
48.13904
48.13932
48.13934
48.13902
48.13917
48.13909
48.13942
48.13910
48.13908
48.13948
48.13949
48.13920

YANG (Z)
YE (C)
YU (H)
YUAN (H)
YUAN (T)
YUN (G)
YUN (Y)
ZENG (X)
ZENG (Y)
ZHANG (B)
ZHANG (H)
ZHANG (S)
ZHANG (W)
ZHANG (YP)
ZHAO (J)
ZHENG (X)
ZHOU (Y)
ZU (H)

48.13934
48.13913
48.13934
48.13913
48.13942
48.13897
48.13900
48.13931
48.13916
48.13896
48.13948
48.13902
48.13907
48.13902
48.13916
48.13891
48.13909
48.13913
48.13949
48.13907

-: J I L T A :Owner: Indian Leather Technologists Association, Printer: Mr. S. D. Set, Publisher: Mr. S. D. Set,
Published From: Sanjoy Bhavan, (3rd floor), 44, Shanti Pally, Kasba, Kolkata - 700107, West Bengal, India
AND Printed From: M/s TAS Associate, 11, Priya Nath Dey Lane, Kolkata- 700036, West Bengal, India,
Editor: Dr. Goutam Mukherjee.

JILTA

AUGUST, 2015

94

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