\

'Neluil-ID

Inspeclion Teclliloloqy

Fundallientais
'Which of tilL following
high-CHI bUll sleel

IY'l:ia!s

GlIl~l

be efTicienily

l:llt

wilh Ore?

a,

b,

](1\\',car!;o!1

(I.

cast i rnn

c,

tempered

stainless

\1

['2

sleel
steel

I:OllcluCiivity

Electrical

a.

LT

b_

UT

c.

F'T

d,

I~T

'e.

\IT

.- -

sleel

of a part is the primary requirement

The mel~il\g point of carbcn

-:.1,

steel is Hpproximately:

n50F
l

2780"F300Y'F

a.

lIT

h-

R'!

c.

MT

d,

1"1'

e.

[T

Which

for which NDr;, method'!

v\.
t

1;,1

GtvtA \V Inet,,1 transfer

a.
b.

g!cJlllJlar
shOll circuiling

c,

spray

d_

[Juhed ~;pray

e.

globular spray'

mode results in the least

amolillt

I.
Iff;

of penetration?

/\

\Vlllclt of the foilowing

gas(es)

m: y g,-'TI

"igc;nJcil!lJOn
Tri ini>.

dioxide

i:; commoniy

tlsed as a shielding

gas for q-.I)A\\'?

Examination

...

__.
7

<'ll;~we,",ng
,

---~

'?/F14,

, :; j I
'j

FI5

lail of a welding

synlbol

3.:--(knOling
b.
denOling
c.
denotil1g
d.
denoting

welding
welding
welding
welding

e.

groove

denoting

sh{)ulcillGI

process reCJuirernenls
procedure requirerncrHs' .
electrode requirements'
specification requiremenls
angle

In GlvfA.\V, the distance

,

from the endof

,

which orlhe

, b.

electrode

c.

stickout

d.

stand off

.~'.'"

the cOlltnel tube to the arc is:

__

~.~~:-.

17,":'-

in GMA W?

11uIsed ai'c

d.
e.

open circuiting
.'

'';;'"

.'

.J' 1.:.

..

:.

U)lr,;violel light may be \lsed\vilh

a.
V'j';and UT
b.
c.

P'1'andUT
M'1' tlnd PT

d.

1<.1'
andUT

c.

ET and MT

The technique
a.
peening

C.

extension

following. which is not a lype of Illclallransfer

sprilY
. short circuitihg
globul't1r.

3..
b.
c.

\dlich NDE melhods?

which docs not aid in reducing r~idual

. ...-/

vibratory slress relief

r-IheI111[.1stTess relieJ_ . .z--...---- .-.-

eXlema~~~~~ainl
prehealmg
-

f'

l(

'(,.

t:l\

'f)
.

...
../,/1
",-",,..-

are correct'?

.V/

or th~

b.

following

ni'c length

(I.

Fundamentals

be lIsed fL'w

During ternperiilg, as the teinperalure'illcJ'(~ases,'

a.
hardness increases
b.
hardness decreases v
c.
eJongaljon decreases
d.
strength increases
e.
ductility decreases

Inspeelion T~GhnolOgy "

stress is:

Exarninatiofl

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

9J

f19

F20

tjF21

\Vhich of the following may

a.
large surface crack
.

b.

underCUI

c.

overlap

II.

underfill

Lamellar

NIT
PT
ET
RT

e.

LT

.0-

be delected 'wilh VT?

leaf

Ileal Irenlmel1l condilions

a.
b.
- c.
d.

nOI

can be delermined

using which of lhe following?

Of lhe followil1~ leSlS. which can be used for lht: actual delennination
,

a.

. b.
c.
d.
c.

-,

..

Charpy
tvlT

lesl

. .

. "

ora material's

. "

_-

.,

IOln!hness?
~rwl

-~-

chclllic.'al analysis
tensile lest
bend leSI

v~

'-"'"
(,//'

'i

~;/.F22
,

r'

\Vhich

of Ihe .following

produce GTA

\V

elemenls

are commonly

used as alloying

elemenls

with

lung$ten

10

eleclro9.ts?

ce;;iull)

~.

b.
c.

columbium

d,

vanadium

e.

chromium

Ihorium

(/.

.
"

.,

~?~

for single be\ d-?ro~\'e weld symbols, lhe ~i!!e~f lile A ws w~d symbol rUI1IHng p.<?r~~n.~_icl~l~r: . /
\0 Ihe reference
ll'le IS always drawn on which slE!e of .the \'~~eldsymbol?
~

~..:~::~:
;:~"
c.
d.
.. e.

on either side. depending 011conlpany policy

on the sijc in \lihich lhe slraiglll side actually appears in'the joint
does nor

The portion

~~~ t
i

1'\

1,

LJ_.'..

~...-\J.

malleI'

of lhe groove

a.

weld iJ1\erJace

b.

c.

faying surface
groove weld edge

d.

fOOL

e.

groo'.'e <Elgie

face

face wit!lin Ihe joint rOOI is ca,lIed:.

----,.

Weld inn lm;pection

FUlldamenlals

Technology

Examinalion

i
()
)

F31

Arc bioI': can not be caused by;

a.

rnag'netic field distortion.

b.

improper

c.

welding

worklcad

(grolJl1d) location

welding

al the end of a joint

in corner~;

L:.

welclin<d

Oil

Which

AC

of the following

a.

carbon clioxide--I

b.

argol\--IOOiA:

c.

heliuin-- J OOiA:

.d.

ox -......
\'S!cn-2(7.:.,

e,

argon

,/

-._---

shielding

gases is lIsed for GtdA \\1 spray

OOS-Ie

lransfer

---...-

'

on steel?

'

ar!:!on--~98clc
.

75%, carboll

1S3; /

dioxide-

Developing
is one of Ihe sleps in which NDE method?
a,
UT and 1::1' \,
h.

1"('1"and PT
"
~ ,,;~'\-'J
PT and I'vlT4'
IJ~ ~,V,~'

lvIT

ET

<lIlt!

f)Il.re)~\~'l

VT and PT
below will provide Ihe sharpest

Which discOllllnuity

a.

SUI

b,

surfact~ crack

c,

face porosity
subsurface crllck
indicalions

<:.-:>- 'J"'v

i!" (j

1\

\'

""l

e.-Jl~

J ~

c.

decreased

,~b.

J~

increased

healinplil.

(l

d.

..

J,

l~_' _._. _
',,JI

~":) _.

1I1,lllk, 01: Iypewfltten and ~Ig:\ed >"-p

t!,:,:, (.~one In pencil so Il1lslilkes,canbe easily corrected
be, 11IIed out only If lhe weld IS reJecled
/etyped
by a;:lerk so !hm evcrYlhio& is r~acla~

V: ./c.. i"'.~\f':\'''e1<1''S ide";ifJ""i~ \

'\.\11'j

j~\ ~t;

should alwuy's: )~~.--:,

-i'._~2~com~eq

"

.\~~~'

'v/"

t f)!Lc.

..

-.' "/~~/
cun-eot;

~ \Veld inspeclionreI?~)~l~

~{

~.

a.
b.
c.
d,

in arclene.lh
-----, _-~-,,~results in:'
increased ClUTen!; increased vollage
c1ec,.eas~d curlenl; increased voltage
increased heat inpul; decreased voltage
decreased CliITC1H;decreased volL(lge

F36

will be ielcn,Liclll for all of lhe above'

\\" . an increase

'v

~....

tI\~"

L(/
.

'':;

0'"

face porosity,

SUIlSUI

InSI\'lA

MT indication?

,r!'-~",/
/(
~_'t'l

>l

.
G

';':~/
"'c' ". )

~l

_~

Weldinrllnspeclion
Fund'lInentals

bfF37

l'he ability to be cyclically

loaded without failing is rdated to which of the fOI;owing propcrtie~~

of a rnetill?

a.

Technology
Examination

"

hardness
IC)lJghi-less
tensile

strength

fatigue

slJength

ductility

a.

spray

b.

globular

c.,.
(1.

plilseiJ arc
shon circuiting
open ,arc ~ ,

e.
Which

2/

F40

./

of tile following

a.

n.T

b.

UT

c.
d.

Vl
tAT

e.

vr

is irlily a volumetric

lest method.)

Use of preheat ,"viII result in:

a.

a faster cO'oling rale a.Ill! wider heat-affected

zone

-./,'
~

a flister cooline: rate and narrower heal-affected

zone
a slower coo)i~g rnte ancl wider heat-affected
zone
a slo\\:er cooling

rate and nan'ower

none of the abo~'e'

heal-affected

~/.

zolle

'.~

Fill

\Vhic!l of the following

.
,

- melhods
.

is .,..~
most like)\, to llse a trnnsdllcer

to
scan for flaws'?
._~,.'-

RT

6/

b.
c.

tvIT

d.

PT
VT

e.

F42

UT

For plain carbon

~.

incre3se

steels,
hhrdness;

110\\' lilT

decrease

hn;'dnes's nncltensile

~lie

streilglh

b.

LQcreasehardness;~crease

tet;lsile strength

c.

decrease

hardl)ess;

tensile 51;'~ngth

d.

hardness

nnd

hardness

inqease

slrength

relateu?
.

lensile :.11:enE,lhcan
be incr.:;asc() by lempering
~
.... both
,
.
and sLrength [lrc not relnled

Welding Insp~clion

..

fundall)enlals

1/

Technology

Examination

.;.:I ,

~!
F43

In GrvtA \V, the welding

variable

controlled

by the

nrc Ien~lh
- ""
vOltage v

a.

b.
c.

~~7Jj~d

s )ee.'.!is:

. ~
\.

'

current ..
V

slickoUI"

e.

Iru\'(:1 speed

Jl-c

't

useel

The welding "ariables

[0 calculate
heal inpul are:
a
voltage and clInenl
b.
currenl and lravel speed
c.
voltage.currenl
and lravel spe~d
~1.
tH\\'c1 speed, preheat lemperature and\'ollage
e.
vollilge. ClUTenl and preheal lemperalure
As Ihe temperalure of Ihe base metal is in~reasell:
a.
impaCl strength decreases"
C. -(.
.h.
tensile strengl\) decreases -6' a-c.
ductility decreases
K
(I.
e.

hardness increases
x'"
tensile strength increases'
\

~J

During

RT. \'hich

of Ihe following

pro\'icl~s !he best ,protection

thickneso.v.,.
.
a.
lead shleld1l1g
b,
sleel shieldii1g
c.
concreleshielding
d.
copper shielding
e.
wood shielding

/ F47

,.(1)::

plan sh'ould be devcloped<

welding begins

a.

before

b.
c.

during welding.
:,f,cr' "'tlding is completed

d.

before

e.

anI\' "hen

.
~//

.~

a.n~)j

If the weid syn!bo':~ihgl~~\the ref~I~'!~':.Ji~e,il means:

a.'

weld bOlh sides

b:

weld alTOW side firsl

weld Oilier side first

the symbol

.~.

..

the work

there is a problem'

signifjcance
was drawn incolTectly

weld hasllQ..sicle

for a give'n.

.. ~

A weld inspection

shipping

from radiation

./

t/-/
.
c/ '--~-'~h _/)

,\~_.-.-'j,.. 1(fYJt/J
- .
'.
.
U
r-5.~-~'n

~~

-__\ j

'j"

rr:J./

91

~.

-~~-,

F49

?'

_,-I \,'

\J

';',

c;~,

t!

Welding In~pection Technology

Fundamentals

Examination
0

!\., /'

're~resents the prope~eye protection 1'01 S ,\ ''-....

a welclmg helmet wuh filter lens of the ap'propriate shad,ew~)'
clear safetv - (!Iasses
'

Which of the. following

': /Q

q /"",,")'

a.
b.

"

K. .

~,

c.

JJ.Q eye protection

"tinted

<I.

,/

50

An

E:ZQI8_ SMA

a,
b.
c.
d.

e.

\V electrode

is a materinl

properly

exhibits which or the r9)lo\~ing

low hydrogen; lIse ~n (\C only; iron powder
low hy(~rogen; lIse on AC and DCEN
loll' llydrogen; AC an(IDCEP; iron pO\\'der
rutile; DCf=:F' ;
futile; beEP; iron powder,'

Piezoelectricity
a.
U'1'

~/F52

because there is no \isible arc

,
,--'.
" .

a' full f.lce shield Wilh a shade tl5lnir;ilTlUHl

e,

n""jF

is required
safety glasses'

used by \\'hicht\DE

'

characteristics?

method')
/'

b,

ET

c.

R'1'

l../

d.

MT

,~

e.

PT
r---c--"~-

A thennalli'eal!nel1ttha~followsquenchingAnd
\ <--.......
to as:
.

/'.

./'

"

,(estores s()rne of the metal's

~ ,

ductility

stress relief
tenlp~1 ing
harclen itlg '/..
normal izing '"
postheat
..
Which

of these

methods

-.
------c.:..----/
.

..

.. '

is most often use(Lio

welding?
v
a.
prebending
b.
shot blasting~
c.
quenching rapidly after welding
cI.
post weld heat treating
e.
preheating
:.--'

....
- __
..--,

iis referred

eliminate

the high re.siclual str~ss created

'e-;;;:

,V

The i)hysical principl; that permits

discoOilllllities
is:
..
a.
magnetic permeability
b,
optical n~orescence
c.
capillary action
(i.
ernulsificatio;)
e.
solubility

hy

the

~.

~
'~'

'0

Welding Inspection

Funuamentals

Technology

t:xarninalion

;,h55

I',

torch bl:azing

arc brazing

.-

bra z.e wcldi

II\!

dip brazing

brazing

0\)\1,'

'1\

of the following

\\'hich

b.

\V S D I .2
ASME SeClion

i\ \VS

d.

ASME

e.

ASl\'IE Section

J,

cOlltains

ferrous

bnse metal specifications?

/\

Which

oflhe

conducting

C,

Seclion V

II, Pan/\

follo\\ing
is comidered
a magnetic panicle leSI?

a.

AC coil

b.

AC yo\;e

c.

DC coil
DCplOd
Ilead ShOI

d.
e.

II, Pan

A.S I

.~

', ...---.~i/""

....

..

,".

Advantages of 1\'1T include:

n.
Illl': detection of SUI face flaws.
b

IJ;,I)) AC and DC methods

C.

111l'
.. (ktection

d.

ihe,lact

e.

all of Ihe above

In general.

ductilily
hardness
defeclS
toughness

e.

all

or lheabove

SMA V,,'

.b.

GMAW
GTAV/

in the carbon

eqlliytll~n.t.. of a carbol)

.... 9-'

10

,
.~

----,.

--'-

steel will resullill

an increase'

c<-W

reA\V

,
~

\~G'"-'~'l
L------,.>

OF\\'

face flaws ~igh~lj_c:~o~~.(U)Y

c.~I~b9n,
~I~g or contamihallls
l'T

is:

d
e.

'~.t

,
'.,

plO:::ess C0\111110111y lIsecllo jOi~~_~tainleSs'Sleel

tl.

c.

an increase

b.
c.
d.

Iions

SlIi

"

IhaUI is fa~ler lhan

a.

A wddillg,

of

V' / .

'

.,'~7'I~c

tubing for cri~ical

I ;

Y'

in its:

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals EXqminnlion

Hydrogen

in lhe molten weld n1etal can calise:'

a. '

tindercut

und civerlap

b.

cracking

and poro~ity

c.
d,

incomplete penetration and inc()li1plete fusion

porosil;' and slag inclusions

e.

hydrogen

",

will c1if~u~;((during welding and will not cause prqblems'

/'0r
,
"
,

Which of the' followillg

results fr'onl impropertelll1inution
of the' molten weld pool during weldii1g?

u.

porosity

b.

slag inclusions

c.

delayed cracking

d,

crqter

e,

incomplete

of

the SlvlA \\t electrode' and shrilYkillg

",~"

C1t.lckil,1g

fusion

.
.~~
E~~I.i.!.rm~(Lsla.!Lcan result wh~n ~lsil1g all of the foll.o\\"ing$xcep.s
a.
SMA\\...-- '
b'.
c.
d.

SA \V '"'
FCAW ~
ESW--;

c.

GMA \V

The Illaterial

"

property

h.
c.

touehness
ten;ile srrength

d.

fa!jguestrength

e.

torsional

The presence
method?'

?F IH;int

RT

and UT

If.ll2 infonnulion

'('
~
.

",

MTandET
UT and ET
ET andVT

(" "( ?

c.
d.
e.

a ~!i1qc I~~d is:

-.

strength',

b.

a.

its ability to \\ ilhstand

".

and .\111'

vi).

{or\;

that 'best describes

PT

a.

.~-

hardness'

"

"/,

a.

,:

V:"

"

C'

' I~

on the

i,

siurface of a part will 1110st greatl,Y affectlhe

'

resultsof,which

Y
1../ ;

0'

appears to the: !~lt of a groove weld symbol, Ihis means:

t/ ,

no weld is required on that side'

the \\'cl(j is to, be complete joint penetrati0n

c.

lhe \\'(:!J is

d.
e.

bc\'clliJig is nol, required

weld size is 10 be determined

10

be continuousfor

the entire 'Iell'glh of thejoillf

,

..

by the welder

~,"

NDr;:

Weldin~J Inspection Technology

Fundamentals
Examination

~,

Which of lhe following i,sJ1ot~1ly

Illl~~L
.
.
a.
'hroat cra..::k
pOroSilV . _ 0 ,\,

"".f/~/-'

detected uSinerthat
-

is perpendicular

to the weld C~nter

_
",'"

side wall incomplete fusion al a ~el angle oU5~~-~~~--==.

acrack wilh ils depth parallcllo
radlillion beam -er, u. .
incomplc[c

Dwclltime

(5)

'.5

or

-_"_-~-:-'\

is a term associated \'ith which NOE method?

a.

I\'IT

b.

PT

c.RT
J.

joint penelralion

ET
UT

c.

The material properly expressed in terms of an endurance' limit is:

a.
fatigue slrength
. -..b.
lntlghness

..QF70

c.
(1.

tensile slrength
ductjlity

~.

hardness

Fracture toughness results will often be eX.J2ressedi\ller!11S of:

a.
breaking eneTgy 'i .
../
b.
tensile slrength "
~.
c.
d.
e.

percent elongall~n
endtirance lil11it
reduction of area

'

Shielding of the molten pool in 9fW is accomplished by:

"i.
I

F72

~ x5?.'

IV

~. ~

a.
b.

a granular flux
a chemical reaclion

c.

an inen

ct

a vacuum

e.

nllX

23S

chamber

- .

paste

The welding. inspector is llsually not responsi.bl~ for which of lhe rOl70Wing?
.
n.
checking for proper electrode stor3~e
.
---..verification of 11 welder's Cjuaiificalion
c.
d.
e.

~all
re~air~.
rClnspecling repalr~.
~ck::1e.
fil up

~J

I
l

""

Welding'lnsp~c.tion Technology
Fundamentals
Exa!ninalion

The Inst digii ohm S~1A W electrode dasignalibn

a.
(ensile strength or the weld deposit
b.
c.
d.,
e.

is an indication

of:,
,

position th~ welder is qualiried to weld in

Operating characteristics
impncl slrenglll of the \\'elddeposil
posilion suitable for electrode use

~
./

ET can he useclto delect which 'of the following')

a.
a material's conducti~'ity
b.
n milleri a I' s hardness
c.
a lhin malerifd's thidnc,ss
d.
a n1Hterial's heattrealmCnl
e.
all of tlie ilbo\'c
For an S!vIA \V 'electrode designation E~9X3 the "X" refers. to:
a.
lhe tensile strength of the weld deposit
b.
the position in which the electrode can be used
c.
lhe type of coaling
d.
the recommended
type of currenl
e,
rIux chemistry
The property of-a material
endurance limit
fatigue strength
fracture toughness
tensi Ie; strength
ductility
Of the following
of steel?
a.
porosity
b.
lamination
undercut

Which

that best relates tb its resistance

discOhlinuities,

V."

loin1pact

loading

is:

,.-hich is most likely to be a' rIaw callsecl during! the mnnufac'ture

I"

"

/'

>:

~"./
v

b.
c,

of the following is considered to be an advantage of VT?

discontilluilks
can be IOCQied and noted when they occur
it is (apable of detet;ting subsllrface discontinuitiesy
welders can accept their 0\\,1) kork'

d.
e.

equipllleJ1t can be expelbive

it can determine rnaterial slrellglh

4.

V
'/""""",11,:/~.'

"

Welding

Inspection
Technology
Examinalion

Fundari1enlals

,"/

F79J; ~\~;':;\,
~ ~\e;~10W;,\gis cons~~f,(~:t

part of the:welding inspector's respoi"ibilily to. the

,U\U' . ~.. .~;~,~~::~I~:~~I

~;:;a:~~:~:,~:S~'~'t~~~~
"

for all

inspeCliolls

c,

signing

d,

reporling

verify conformance

on lhe job

. tJ\'f;.

b?sed

/--

~.

processes

--

----

is performed

primarily

SA\V

~
~/

Gl\t/\ W-S

A '-e.roovc weld
symbol
'.

-.

Ihe weld is 10 be cCHn,)lele joinl penetration'

IlO weld is required
on that side

c
(I.

lhe '~;eld is lo'be conlin~lOu~ for Ihecf~li~~'JoinLlength

j]O weld joinl
pre.parmion is required

e.

weld lengLh can be determined

)j,.,'.i,

Thew:,lding
process
a.
':::.MAW

6}S3

\\,jlh. no'
infon11alion <ippearing to the rlgbl Illean~; ,
..-

'a.
b.

c.

FeA\\'

d.

SA Vv

c.

ESW

Lhat requires

by lhe welder
a tubular eleclrode

is: ~;/'
.

.,'

.'

",

.'

..
The proper~y relating
a.
tensile slrel1glh
b:
c.
d.
e.

10 a

llleLal"s resislllllce 10)1~~!~I,~liHi{)nis:

...--G--- ~ ", ',"

dl\ClililY~
hardness
loughnesb
faLigue strengLh

l.T is Ihe abbreviation

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

"

CTAW

CitviA W

l/

in [he flat and horiz~:mlal positions?

OAW

b_

/,', "

on past experience

(/"~,

V"hich of lhe following

,~

i.r-!;/3'

all discontinuities

, ):J

i~~h~~I~
t~::li;:,~~~~~,tor
is qual ifie~

for:

' leaR Icsling

liquid penelranl Icsling
liquid lest inspcclion
liLhium testing
lender tesl mClhod

Welding Inspection

Technology

Fundamentals

F05

Filler
a.
b.
c.'

metal specifica~ions
are found in which of the followipg
A WS A5.1 through A5.:>O
A SlvIE S~ction II, Pan.:>"
'.:>. W S A 3.0

e.

The nux covering

a.
b.
c.'
d.

on nn SMA \\" eleclI'ode

gas shielding for the rnallen pool
are stabiliz.atioll
alloying
deox idation
.'

e.

all of the above

FB7

provides

()

rlo~uments?

V/hen,a

\\hieh of L1je following'?

~ \.

I~C

',."/,,,.,.

\\'eliJ jointpl:epanition

is f:und t~be defective.

the' inspector

I,

should:

. " a.1.t)~llo\\'
welding to pr~ceed if,l~e feels tlJat the welder can produce
b~
Hlstruct the welder,ln how 10 p\'~rCOlDe the prol~lem
'
,~
~v(
.
"f)-(:.

I
c,.
report the deficiency iO ll~e proper supervisor)' personnel
.
d.
require thnlthe parts be disassenlbleg
and properly assembled
e. .
none of the above
~.-~._ ..."'
.."

..,

AWS AlA
A \"'5 01.1 Seclion 2

J.

\/
/

Examinalion

(~

. .

a satisfactory

'"

\Ve"I~~

y' ,
.

,I

------,

:. /F88
.//

The orientation
of the probing
signi ficanl variabie for \'V lieh

a.

In

b.

UT

c.

10

that of I;(n~~, is considered

:-:-bE metnQrp

_~
..",

"I~

ET-.,

/f'

all of the nbove.

""

.. ~--,'

.f.,

io be a

.. ,,,

!~"'\
\

i:;>:p

d.I\'1T
e.

will\ respect

'://

1.;,

~FB9

Information
a.
b,
c.
d.
e.

lhal appears

10

the left of lh~ weld symbol refers

10:

the weld length

lhe weld siz.e
lhe eiectrode size
the number of passes requi.red
'none of lhe &bove

".

';' F90'
J

Wh'ich process
a.

SMAW

b,

GTAW
ESW

c.
d.

SV..,1
FCAW

uses a granular

nux [hal can be manually

added

10

the weld pool? :

V,
~

'/

Welding

Inspection

fundiHl1entais

Technology

Examination

"

~',/

" ,/
\"..,;1" ..~,."

'.>

~\

Of those microslru(:tural
a.
b.
c.
e.

F92

the hardesl

below,

is:
~','

'f/'

bainite
auslenite
peallile

d.

9)

consliluenlslisled

mane ns ite
felTile

In radiogrnphy:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

appeal"
appeal'
appear
appear
appear

the image on the filll) of a completely

as a
as a
as'a
as a
as a

through-cracked

weld will:

well-defined,.I(~w
cJensi~y, lightIy shaded, '~har~ li~)e ~ .
well-defined.
l)JghcJ~nsIty, darkly shaded, .sharp l,lne .
row of low density light spots or flats ~
row of high density dari; spots or dots
white line
.

"~'
~'

'j'

;;;Y

A material's
ductility is commonly expressed in lenns of:
a.
percent elongation
and reductional'
area
b.
width and thiCKness

'/
t./'

...

'~'

tensile streng!h
(oughnes$

C.

and yield strenglh

~'

~\
Who is responsible
a.
b.
C.

for verifying

d.

pro<;:edllres hUile beenpror~rly

test lab

independent
contractor
.

f~
welding

.'

if

welding inspe<;:tor
an:llilect

.
"

What MT technique could be used for the discovery

a.
coil shot
b.
circular magnetization
.

..

G.

longillidinal
magnetization
.parallel Il)qgnetism
using a central conductor

--_ _-~
Which

code gi\,es(prequalified\status
API 1104

/ ..:

~\

c.
d.
e.

qualifi.ed'? /

b.

A \VS D 1.1

c.

A \\' S D I 7. I

d.

ANSI

e.

AWSB.:U

1131.1

to certain

.
weld joint configurations?

WeleJing Inspection
Fundamentals

Tecllriology
Examination

Infonnation
that appear~ to the right of lhe I\'cld symbol refers to the:
a.
process to be llsed
b.
type'of electrode to be lIsee!
c.
length of \veld required
d.
size of \veld required
e.
re(jllirecl joint configuration

.~.
t#'

J}~ F9p..JI

-1jfl
'U

J",It>'.J
i)v<2

g/

:Vhen a t:~is
d. /~~~e_the
/,1.).; f\~~~,.:)~he

repoll.

-(fle"rapid.

tile inspector

and ~and

a nOle to lhe report explaining t:1Creason for the chanee

the C1Tor or IJse \\ hite Qut, initial, and dale the occulTen~ce in I~

quenching

of a high carbon

'should:

.r
\,

a,mg\<J~,~~~on

sleel 'from lhe a'ustenitizing

Lh~

in.!:

range

'.

will r.esult

In

lhe

foqnaliol1 of:

n.

pearlite'

b.

manensi
cemcniite
ferrit"e

c.
d.
e.

~/

m~de while C(1I1~p:eling ~ll inspection

and fill In lhe COlfeCIII)[ornW[lon
en'or ~nd supply the proper illfol malion

it;~c/,:~1~~',;;~,~~~:t;@ji:ljh

)~ e~/
F99

enor

'

FIOO

""/1;;{
'b'r

101

te

austenite

\Vhen an auslenitizecl carbon steel is cooled to room temperature;.<1n

will result in:
a.
an i;\qease in hardness and n decrease in ductility
./
b.
an iner,case in lellsfle strength and a decrease in hardness
.z
c.
. a decrease in tensile strength and an increase In hardness
1
..it
an increase in ductiHty and a decrease in hardness.~
--<
e.
a decrease in hardne~s and an, increase in,ductility -J
Which of Ihe
a.
tensile
b
faligue
c.
impact

following
strength
strength
strength

d.

nicL break lest

e.

Ilwcroelch

is lea~t affected
,
-

illcrenseinllie

by the slIrface finish lof the spcci,:nen?

C()olillg rate

I
"

;"'-J

;1\

.':>

;tJ'3

0""

V
~

The heat treatment in which a carbon steel's tempcralure

for n prescrjl~ed tinle and lhen allowed to ~;;~m
flJll1r~
is referred to as:
;:"
.stress rei it f
,
annealing.
b.
c.
n0nnali7.ing
d,
lempering
e.
nuslcnilizing

c--!/''
is raised tolhe
temperalure

austenitizing
1;ulIge. held.
while re,iHiii1ing inlhe

~.

.~

Welding Inspection Tecl)nology

Fundamentals
Examination

,6;FI03

In wlticb direclion
parallel

b.
c.

trans~'erse to the,rolling direction

in the through thickness,directi0J)
in the direction of welding
rolling direction has no significance

d.

e.
~

,/

1 04

does a rolled plate of C81uon steel usually exllipit its least amount of ductility?
to the rolling direction
.' -------..-~ ..

a'.

Wilen

a we! d

to a s been

a:-""LeY~~1

~\ ,/..-{).

",,)
i

c.

dUClility;

rej ecled by a qu ali Oed ND E leclln lei a n, llie wel d in gins pec lor shaul
results

rClnspectto

regarding

anrllmdnlainlhe

lest record

"

venfy the defect'

accept the weld if its visual appearance is in compliance

specification,
require an<:>ther inspection by a third party
accept the welrj ?inceit is in a low stress region

, ./

If equal .thicknesses

of ~1.
c~.
alul}ll!.l2: leg~ .and c.~
conditions, which material will result in the darkest

same exposllre
a.

lead

b.

steel

'

Ii, "

" ,

' ,

~,

with ,tile applkable

coele or

are radiographedllf)ing
rQ1iogr~h?
"

th~'
'
"

~'
~'

copper

r"f

cast iron

Tile welding process thai llses a nonconsulllable

a.

Cilv{,\ \\'

LL

SAW
CiTA \Y

C.

elecirode is:

reA \\.
SMA\\'

9:1 Fl07

,
,I

"

' The heat tre:1lment in which the metal's temperature,is

a prescribed

raised to the austenitizlng

range, held for
lime and then allowed to cool to I~oorn temperature
in ~'-!.nir.:..isreferred to as:

a.
b.

,lIlstcnilizing

llorlllalizing

~..-

c.

allnealin~

d.
e.

qllcllchi~g
IcmpcTlilg

,d"";1\'5::' in.

as sp'ecificd

ill

0.5 in.
0,65 in
:\s staled

Ihe tvlTR

Oil

the appropriate

code or specification

,/

~/

Welding Inspection Technology

FlIndClm~nla!s

) /~09

An E7IT-l electrode
a.
f'A Vi

b.

FCA\V

c.
d.

SMAW
GMAW
SAW

e.

f11 0
.,_"
\...; '.

LeV
i

is for which welding

,H.! ,~;

PT'

-identifying

d.

positively
supervising

e.

c1elenniriing

bilse~~.:.rials
--,..

,,-_.=----

welding

the dispo~ilion

j1

of a radiographed

//

/"

'~~."""'"""",,/,,,,/
'

, . ~

/):rt'l~...s""j
'-:,'_""
r (_"......--,,_,,/.
pill-i

"./

F1'I1

>...._-).

J"/

per[orniing

proce'ss?

~he A ~e~d~~~lified Welding Inspector is responsibl~, for:

b.

!\.~.~'/

designation

Examination

~.
~.

A break in the arro\\' line ~Jfa welding symbol has what significance?
a.
Weldin!.~. triliSl firSI
.... be aone on the . alTo\\, side
Weldin\rmusl
first be done on the otl~er side
Welding must be do~e alternat~IY on L)91hthe tln'ow and the' otl)cr sicl~s
Tile broken ariow line segmenl points 10 Ihilt member which receiv<1s preparation
all inlecr.qillent \\;eld is required
. .
~
.
.
.
It is discmiered Ihal a GMA'N mild sleel \\'dd was produced ~\'ilh a shielding gas ,conlaining
excess rnoislure. To determine Ihe eXlenl of the surface ilnd su\)surfnce porosilY Ihal resulled.
which NtlE method \\Ollid be moSI effeCli\'e?

:vlT

b'.'

~{T .

c.

VT

d.

PT

e.

1',

G~\

( .

l.>\l~

Which welding
posilion?
a.
ESW
b.
c.
d.
e.

process
.

ulilizes

a vertical joinl orienliliion

'

\"ilh \\'eldiilg

ocdllrring

in the Hal
fI,

r0J;~'

. V

SA \\1

SMAW
FC,Il, \V
OFW

The heal IrenlJ))f'nl for cl'.rbon sleeis in \.;hich lhe melal:s len,peralure
is raised 10 jllSIJ?cl(\~\ Ihe
~c:r
lran:;;forn~nlion~~~!l!~,
held fl)r a prescribeclliillc
b~)re allC'\~;ng il 10 co(\1 m a
controlled rale IS rererred 10 as:
.Il:mpcring
_.
i\\I<;(enilizing
"
Siress relieving
normalizing
-I
)rehcill
in~
,
I
\
\

,",/
}

Wel(jjng Inspection Technology

~F

:~':

Il1e;~~:f;~;~;;~~:,~O: ",el~I'5 5 ress~",.i curvereferriIig LO iLseh.Ilge in beh.vio~from eI.,!ie Lb

a.
b.
c.
(I.
e.

yield point
modulus of elasticity
cnchlrance limi~
Iransform<ition
le;mpera,lure
Young's tvloclll'I~ls

Low-hydrogen
electrodes can be prop~rly
a.
first digit
b.
second c1ieil
c.
first and second together
d.
second 10 lasl digil
e.
last digil

idenlified

All weld~

to the

1'0

.
, ,~~
I\ ("

"'!
o

F119

'f

The markin~

of a rejectable

by Which digit of a c1:issification

number'?
.'~

\ymbol infor,l11ation referring

inlhcl[Llil.
above the reference line
below Ihe reference line
ill a nOle
10 the. left of Ihe weld symbol

a.
b.
c.

""" ~

weld should:

a . .....----be-clear and underslandable

10 ~i~
be made wjlh a steel impressioI:l stamp
c.
notc II1e proper r~palr. proce d~"
Lire,
7

alTOW

s'id~)of the joint is found:

/<

59fyJ&

<

.-_.

iJ

1,;

d.always

be in red )f

e.

include Ihe welder's

always

f':IT can be lIsed effeclh'ely

10 inspecl which of the following

a.

welds on A36 sleel

b.

Sleel welds on siainiess

c.

\\'clds on aluminum

d.

Welds on all allo~: m:llerinh

e.

Inaterials

Of lhe \\clding

prop~rly
processes

idF:ll\inCi\lion

metals?

steel plale

qualified

for use

listcd below.

wi!"

E30S electrodes

tilt Oile mosl commonly

/
having

Ille highest

N ""~\:.:
\

rale is:
a.

0.'\ W

b.
c.

FeA \\1

d.

.5\1:'\ \\;.

e.

deposilion

SAW
Ci\I.'\ W,

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamen.tals

gV

F121.

on a medillln carbon sleel weid lest plale will perform

The use of preheat

f'~ except:
a.

. reduce

b.
c.
d.
c.

distortion

reduce the possibility

of hydrogen cracking
result in the fomlalion of martensite",
produce a wide heat-affemed
zone
'
dilfusehydrogen
u ..

e.

values for which of the following?

all of Ihe above

Which of the following

a.
color coding

isan

b.
c.
d.

alpha-numeric
coding
first in, first out
location segregation

e.

bar coding

accerjta~le

method

J.
e.

~~\V

materials')

AWS A3.0

of a CVll described?:

ANSI Z49.l
f\ \VS QC-t
A\VS QC-7

.
'

.----.~

All welding symbols~:eCJllirc)\\'hich

of the following
a.
rderence
line, ari:o,Cand
tail
.
b.
c.
d.
e.

F126

of
.

;
I

b.
c.

for control

In what document are the duties and responsibilities

a.
A WS D 1.\
a

ej

all of Ihe fOllow;ng

The tensile lest can be llsed 10 provide

a.
yield point
b.
ultimate tensile strength
c.
modulus oJ elasticity
d.
elastic limit

o/F125

Examination

reference
reference
reference
reicrence

line
lin~,
line.
line

and anow
.arro\\': and weld symbol.
aIT,?\\'. weld symbol, dimensions.
ollly

The sile of the weld repre~erHed

in Figure

basiC elements
........,.,.

rind slipplcl11entary

1':

a.

is not imponalH

b.
c.
d.

cannol be detenllined
directly from the symbol
can be determined
from the symbol
is not specified therefore may be determined b~' the
""'cldcr
11'III5tbe found

in the \VPS

in their coristruction?

data

Weldin[llnspectioll

FLlllclarnenlals

Technology

Examination

J127

Welding
n.
b.

f12B

symbol information
field welding

a fillel weld
the use of shielded

e.

all of Ihe above

oJ

f13~

melal arc welding

in which Ihe welder f~iled to properly clean betwee:n p~sses .ir a

weld. Which nondestruclive
teSI would beSI reY~llhe
flaws lhat may he present in the

A Sl\'1A W weld was produced

Illullipass

weld?'

, ~~'

a.

n:~.

~'"

b.

.
.

d.

Vl.
IvIT.
Iff.

e.

ET.

c.

f129

I requires:

:::s~
completed

'/

in Figure

weld-nll-around

c.
d.

")J

provided

/'

e-/.'
~,-

S~A W is lypically ~sed in which lype of apPlicalio";;/n.

a.
senllilulomatlc
b.
machine
.
c.

Illflllllal

d.
e.

ailtornatic
mechanical

'.
RESTRICTION

RING

\Vhat position is depicled in Figure ??

a.

6Ci

b.
c.

6F

d.
e.
Usino

SG

6GR

Figure 2:
.
i

5GR
Ihe appropriate

appr<~ximale diameter
a.
llO::t7 in.
b.
,1.7 in.
c.
0 OOe\7 i tl
d.
C.

"".
conversIOn

f'

actor

lhill measures

0n

1.2 mm.
~

Oil 7 in.
(I 7 .:~ in.

Underbead
cracking is prirnarilycHused
a.
a source of hydrogen
b.
c.
d.
c.

pro\'l(. I1;:(:I' In IIle c I1a n

in' inches for nn eleclrode

l"Eslraint
cxcessi\t:

prChci11

v
..~

faligue
cxu:ssiv(:

by:

loading

..

'>oe
pu;::

,t I'\i (Iet'ernlinc
1

the

Welding Inspeclion Technology

Fundamentals Examination

Which of Ihe following is a correct stalemenl about brazinQ?

a.
Ihe base metal is nol melted
--=-"'.
b.
c.
d.
e.

the filler metal melts at a temperalure below lWoof

il must be clone in an inert gas atmosphere
in order to achieve capillary action larg2 rool opening
inert gases may be substituted for oxygen

.',

Which
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Y;"""

'

is refluired

'

of Ihe following welding process~s commonly lIse a constant

GMAWandFCAW
v
"
SMAW and GTAW
'
"
GTAWandGMAW
FCA,W and SMA W
SA VV and SMAW

currenl

The fii'st orJeration required by tl'le symbol ill Figure

is: /~.
a.
ultrasonic inspection of the base metal
V
b.
visual inspection of joint preparation
c.
',vellling a V -groove from the other-side of the joint
<\.
welding a ba;king weld from 'the arrow-side of the joint
e.
backgouging
and back welding frolll the arrow-side of the
joint
For Figure3.
ullrasonic inspection is to be performed:
a.
on the back weld only
b.
o~lthe entire length of the other side weld
c.
on 10% 'of the weld length'.
d.
from tl\e arrqw si.de
e.
on the single V groove, from the~.d.e

Which of the f()lIciwing'~lisconlinllilies

thickness direction oJ thick plale?
a.
craler cracks
b.
lamellar tears
c.
loe cracks
d.
rOOl cracks
e.
none of the above

(Ire associated

powe~ source?

"

'~.~

~'

VT'

--cT-"'-,
"--~--~"

/
.
"",,-

Figure 3

machine

, th~ wclder?..

a.
b.

semiautornntic
rnnnlla!

c.

machine

d.
c.

nUlom:Hic

mechanized

//

\f
(~

with shrinkage

stresses

in the through

___ t

\V\lid\ of the welding

fee~Ungis

'
"/

techniques bc.lo\\describes
a welding process in \.hich the DUel' me:lal
operated \\hile the j0inl Ira\'~1 speed an~1 g~_i~Ian~e are lh~ r,espon~ibi!iIY of
'

,-

'~:

~,~

Welding Inspection Tecllnology

Flindainentais E:xamination

The welding symbol shown in Figure 4 depicts:

.
a.
a backing weld other-side followed by a V-groove
side
b.
c.
d.

a V -groove weld alTow-side followed by a back weld olher-side

fI V-groove
weld an-o\v-side with melt-through
a bevel groove weld Inade ol1e-half .the way around the diameter
of a pipe
. a V-groove
weld arrow-side V:'ilh the l'OOt finished to a convex
contour

e.

\. J

F14

weld arrow-

Which of the followiog symbols correctly describes the joint configuration

shOwn in Figure 5'

7/16

"-

~
..

"-

.;-

7/16

1:4.

"-

.-:T,
.

"-

"?

l!4

,
I

"-

fig4re 5

The width of the

a.
I'oolopening
b.
c.
d.

kerf
be \'e I
bevel angle

e.

chamfer

Clit

prod~,ced '~lLliing a CUlling process

is referred

For the 1Ci posilion in pipe welding:

to ~s:

v' ..
'

..

a.
b.
c.
d.

the axis of lhe pipe is \'enicz:Jl andlhe plane of the weld is horizontal..
.
(..,-_
the a.>,j:, of Ihep.ipe is horizontal and the plan(~ of the weld is venical
'~
lhe pipe IS not fixed
,
, "
'.
.
','
the axis
the pij)e and the pl~lne of Ihr. welel fire at 45 angle~ wuh the \'emenl pl~l!e

e.

the axis l)j" the pipe is horiL0Il,lal and lile pipe is rotated

of

'.

Welding Inspection Technology

'Fundamentals Examination

During operation,
a.
the arc;:

(
0)

b.
c.
d.
e

F144

'.

lY

F145

by:'

Us ing the a ppm p,;ate coO"us ion facto' pm vidcd in the ehan on page 41, deto ~,: iOle the appmx _.
feet per hour (en)

(;.

'1

\~elding is provided

the electrical resistance healing of the molten slag

the conslimable
guide rube melting
cli'rrent passing through the base metal
current passing through ~he filler wire

i~cllbic

lhe heal for ~ectro~lag

:y. t 7

ytl'f\

466 dh
b.
c.
d.

for a no\\' rate of 22 liters per tninute.

46.6 Cfll
10.38 dh
103.8 cnl~~):

"'l,'

~.

--(,

e .. ,,~.66\c.fll

.l~"\.',

\.

'N./,!

>J/

e.

.~~.

none of IJ)e above

The size of the afTOW side weld in Figure 6 is:

n.
1/'1 in.
b.
5116 in.
c.
I in.

II~'

I in. deposited

every 6 in~
~i

i Figure 6

The lenglh of lh~ olher side weld in figure

a.

I in.

b.
C..

6 in.s
'1 in.

d.

4 in.

e.

continuous

d0wn Ihe Ienglh

6 is:

or the joint

The pilCh of the other sic!e \\cld in Figure 6 is:

a.
1/4 in.
b.
'\ i11.
c.
5/16 in.
..
1I.
I In.
'-.

6 in.

~2"'1

'--:-51~r~7t=-6~
..
;'
.""-

I'
_ In.

F147

' __ "
C5~

.
x./-<'.'
It is suspected that a GMA \V weld was produced in an area where there was an exceSSl ve (!1.'1.0.
Wllich nondestructive
test would best reveal the \llt~rn31 discontinuities
"hich
may Ililve
resulled?
. ---~~
.
///_-.,......
.
0>y;--'

~.,
vj

'
:.

'2

.f~"t

''1.,

~F148

In order to learn
would be:
a.
b.
c,

d.
c.

9
I

! f152
j

Crater
a.
, b.
c.
d,
e.

flaw iJ{ three directions,

,

lhe best NDE

.1'

'.

method

'.

PT
UT
VT
.

of a member

included

in Ihe groove

of a weldment

.
best describes:

rootorening
groove angle
weld ii11erface

~
I

,/,/

g.roove face
none of the. above

cracks can be the result of:

poor welding technique
\
abrupt termination
of welding
shrinkage of the molten pool
underfi II of (he crater '/,
all of the above

figure '7 depicts

process?
a,

SAW

b.

S!':lA\V
PAW

c.
d.
e.

--.----.----

RT

c.
d.
e.

local ion of a subsurface

-

J'vlT'

The surftice

a.
b.

the exact

which

welding

J\'
x

~-;;/
J

com ACT
ElECTRODE
MOLTEN

SLAG
'''"',

FLUX
~~A
,-L

GMAW

','

fCA\V

",.

II':

~;,

'~

..:\V'~.,

/!
~

TUBE

SOLIDIFIED
WELD "lcTAL

'U
I

NOULE
,/
)' FLUX IN
FROM HOPPEn
GRANULAR
,/ FLUX flL.ANI<ET

Welding Inspection

Fundam/'nlals

The boundaries
indicated
a.
fusion line
b.
depth of fusion
c.
weld interface
d.
e.

'(. ;I I F150-R
~

by "A" ii\

figure 8
.

Technology

Examination

at~:/

fusion face
none of the above

The dim. ension "D" in Figure 8 'is referred

a.

fllsionface'

'

b,

fusion zone

c.
d.

depth of fll$ion
weld interfilce

e.

fusion line

C.

('en

d.

"f)"

e.

none of the above

to as:

//

V .
~

..

.~.

Using the aprror~iate

cOlwersion factor provided in lhe chan on page 41. c1cteplli ne the approximatt;: degrees Celsius for a preh~at temf)~nllure of 215F.
..
a.225C
.A -' i.:s.
1--'7
".,
I).
10'jOC" .
, 'L.

0./

:I

FlEa

c.

437C

d.

lo,rc

e.

1.07C

Which

of t!le following
V-groove' ~-,'
plllg

'L

b.
c.

~F159

edgc-Oange

d.

lj--groQv(::

e.

Jgroove

welds

iS~ollsider~

The dimension "A" in Figlll'e 9 refers to:

1'001 penetration
b.
weld penetration
c.
depth of fusion
a.
joinl penetration
e.
side wall penetration
L!.

!.

for a'I~_l~t~)oinl'?

applicable
:

>-

~.

Welding Inspeclion Technology

fundamen1als
t=xaminalion

The dirnells'ion "C" in Figure Sf identifies:

a.
jOint penetration and )-Veldsize.
b.
weld size and roOl penetration
c.
deplh of fusion
d.
cornpletejointpenetration
~
c.
incornp!t;te joint penetration
I, '~-

~f160

///

f../.

:'
/

l./
','

'f),'

. _.<J:~\".{

.,

\.

.'

'..'.

If the groove weld In hgure

Yf16~
.'

a,
b.
c.
d.
e.

9 has beenf>ro~erl'tlwelded;
the dimension "D" is refem;~.d to as:.
underfill because [he weld is lefl Unrrllecl
.
'.
"
lack of penctration,becallse
weld size is inadequate
e/-~~
. ,
.fl!.
panial joi~[.penetration,
because weld s~ze is, indicated
~
.. ~~
complcteJollltpenetrallon
!.lecause theJoint i~ filled
.
.
.~".
incomplele joint penen'alion because the joint should have been filled

\Vhidl of the following

a.
lap,
b.
T-,/
c.
fillet
d.

butt

e.

edge

is nol a type of weld joint?

When using SMA W. ~

a.
undercut

tY

fl64

b.

overlap

c.
d.
e.

underfill
porosilY
all of [he above

electrodes

will most likely cause:

\Vhich of the following is considered

weld in a carbon sle~Lbull jgjl}!L
a.
b.
c.

cappel: blac\;'ki~g ~ar

ceramic lac'lllg
nux backing

d.

backing weld

e.

:111 of the above

.'/

(,/"

10 be

al) acceptable

way [0 provide

.'-'

~-

( ~/ ~'

y..;;
.~

~~

~~/5
.

backing 'for a V- groove

A welder deposits an average ofL!-2/pouncls of weld metal per I~ .. Using the appropriate
con,version factor provided in the chari on pagct 41. detem1ine the approx.imate kilogrnms
of ,?,eld
metal that will be deposited in~of
continuous welding.
"
.
"
a,
Sk
.....
",

33'~g
6 ko'
b

~f

'

*.
\'

,,'0

~1t >'

,~

'O~

54

.,\ ...
I--~

,'L

\~8'

~ ,."

tt:5 "\ \ l;'

26 kg.
37 kg

11'\v" ' 1~. f /'h

s'
~\~

/~\

'L\~~~:
,'u

,"-.

. ,,/

Welding

Inspection

Technology

Fundamentals

V'

Examination

(\

sil)gl~,wire,
sUbm~rge~ arc welding machine is operating at 32 ~'olts. 600 llmps, and is tra\'cl'Illg aWi IllC~leS per InJnute. Using r,he fonnula provided on pages 40 and 41, what is the Ileat input
for this situation?'
.
~
.

J/in.

l{

.J"? ,It ';,:/

,.~
ti~j':'~'J, .~ ,\'

. V x A x 60

? \\

Speed ~ (ipm)

Travel

2,400 J/in.
1,152,000 J/in.
I ALl x 105 J/in.
I 10,000 J/jn .

.14,400 J/in.
.

.~

'.}

'~A~

..I'f

If an (vlT indication
is noteg at the t~of
what is the.appropriare
action?

~'-~.>

ignore

it is a n.onreie\'ant

1t, since

b.
c.
(\.

reject th~ weld

e.

none of the a!l()ve

COJT(~ct

accept

a fillet we.ld that exhibits

'.
.\\'

the excess
1'1e weld

indication

. ,'"

".

,k '.' -../
UV
~

The pipe welding lest position in which the axis of the pipe is~tal
so ihat welding
a.
2G

~~

F169

COllvex profile .
.
.
'~

'
and retest

con,;exity

:,'l

nnexcessively

takes place at or near tile top is designated

and the pipe is rotated

as:

/'
.

2F

d.

IG.,
3G

C/ ..

e.
.

60R

<'

1<.'1'

c.

UT

.;~J

TI)~.~J>!-~fficient
a ... /" YT'
b.

NDE method

,...

'.

fOl'~cov~}.

" . !

1,'

""",

of l.II1~Jer.cut011 the face of a weld i,s:

/

\
\

X.

~/

~.~;~ /

..
.

strengfh rf

a fillet weld is always based on th~Jhrollt,1irnel\sion

n.
b.

~t ~las !l62.!~mnar ~1icroslructure.

v;lhich is more0Yo;~'craCkihg
!lIS the shortest fi.lIlure path through the weld
\.....N

c.

it is the location

d.

Ihe design

e.

it is a theory

'J ~

of mOSl defecls

calculations
of failure
.

cannol

I)

. .i,)P)

6f
The design

..

beenuS);.:..,
/~

be checked

lhat cannot

by actual laboratory

be supported
".

~.'

testing

\~

Welding Inspeclion Technology

Fundarner;lals
Exam'ination

Arcslrikes

are disL:ontinuities

a,

ESW

b.
c.

SAW

d,
e.

OAW
CMA\V

with:

slviAW

DO\lble.groo\'e

/ F173

most comiTlonly associated

('

XC,

welds in butt join~s always require:

n,

backgouging

"

, .

b.
c.
d.
e.

spei:ial welding processes

high deposilion rale processes
",elll to be deposited from bOlh sides of lhe joinl
aJsi)'iic~IO hqld critical root openings

.rJ1')

rv

<--

,..:._re:J
\Vilal
Figure

Welding

process

is depicted

In
ELECTRODECOVERING~

a,

10'1
FeA \V

11,
c.

C:;MAW
Slv1AW

d.

SAW

WELD

ESW

SOLIDIFIED
~G.,

e.

CORE WIRE--'

SHIEU)Jf)lGATMOSPHERE\

Lightcolored
~.e~
within
the weld
in n radio~raph could represent:
ii.
porosity and trapped slag ,
b.
llIhgslen
inclusions
and ,melt .

zone

lhI()ug!\

l11elHhrollgh and trapped sing

porosity and lungsten inclusions.
underfill and excessivereinforcernent

,)

:
/////

'.

I.' .

W/1 ..

PDOL---.::Jijfl/li
:,;::--."/:$;:, ~,::: ..

METAL AND SLAG.

OROPLETS.

"W

~,~q-1r~J.U-~,

WELD..
METAL

/
,

-'--

~~.L...L

-PENETRATION
DEPHI

~,

____

.'

/'

BASE METAL

DIRECTION OF WELDING --_.~

.~.

A singk Y--groo\'e welel always requires:

a.
special welding processes
b:
back gouging
c.
a bncking bar
d.
llQ root opening
e.
CPJ unless olher\vise specified
1

.'.'

~_substance
lIsed in UT to aid in the lransmis1:iion of souud from the:~lni~~~
and back is called:
~
solvem
,//
.
b.
attenuation
~, .;
/
c.
couplant
~
/
d.
cable
.
//
e.
transclllccr
V

-pTec"d

.- .

lh~E"'OJl=
.
.

Welding Inspection

Fllndarnentals

Using the appropriate conversion faclor from the Chfirt on page III, determine'
kilogram weight of a 30 pound roll of welding wire ..
a. . 1.36 kg

Technology

Examination

the approximate

---.! b

, b.

c,
d.
e.13.6
.~....

66 kg

136 kg
66.1 S kg
kg

The junction
a.
face
b.

root

c.

leg

of the;we'ldface]with
'..---'

the exterior slIIfu(:e of the base metal.is

are best re\'ealeclusing~

.,/'

0/

,,'

V..

MT
M'/
ET

. Porosity in GMA W can be caused by:

&.
drafts
~
I 'l\...>/ "'"'-y\~'
b.
contamination
c.
lOa li1!LesfiTelding gas flo\\'
d.
lOc;)much shielding gas flow

F181

all

ofll-le: abo

ve

The q\'erheaLl fillet position

a.

SF

b.

4F
3F
2F
IF

c.
d.

e.

The radiograph

~F182
.-r

ns the:

V:

Intemnl plate lam!nutions

a.
UT
.b.
RT

e.

referreclto

is designated

as:

~
0

.Vv//'
in Figure

I I shows:

a.

crack

b.
r.
d.
e.

incomplete fllsion
incomplete joinl penetlatian
slag inclusions
_
none of the above

Welding Inspeclion
Technology
Fllndamenlals
Examination

The welding process depicted

II)

Figure

12 is:

a.
b.
c.
d.

e.

/
/

GMAW
SAW
SMAW

_..
~

OI,RECTIONOF WELDING

~
I

BACKCAP~

BODY

GAS NOZZLE

~-

~'

~I#'

LEAD

>t.....~

~--:-

1&~%\~7
MOLTENc=.
WELD METAL

SHIELDING
GAS IN

FILLER MEl ~~"

\E1.ECTRODE

-~

COLLET BODY

PAW

_'

..

TORCH~

GTAW

NONC0NSUMABLE
TUNGSTEN ELECTRODE
GAS SIIIELO

M'iC

SOLIDIFIED
WELD METAL

'AiF18~

The radiograph in Figure 13 sho\'~s:

a.
slag incilisions due to improper fitup ..
h.
lungslen inclusions clue to poor tungsten
grinding
c.
porosity due 10 inadequate shielding
d.
IOllgillldinal crack due 10 stress
(: {Alack of penetration due [0 poor starts and ~
st()P~.

1:))

F185

Which of the following is

a.
EWTH-2
h.
d.

AS.\
AS.9
L"lUI~

e.

ER70S-2

c.

a'g example

of an electrode c1as~ification number.for;QT~

"

w?

.
~

In a gro;:we-weld cross section, the 'line' separating weld metal from b~,,~~metal i~called:
a.
the fusion face
.
..
.
b.
c.
d.

the depth of fusion

the depth of penetration
the y;,jld interface

e.

none of the above

Welding Inspecti'on Technology

FundamEntals Examination

In the radiograph
a.

in Figure 14, lile arrows point to:

Iransverse

b.
e.

cracks
craIeI' cracks
longitudinal cracks

d.

underbead cracks

e.

loe crncks

Incomplele

fus'ion can be caused b~':

a.

not preheating

b.

not filling lhe joint completely

c.

ill1proper

. d.

ga~ shielding

poor fillip
.
.'.

excessive

u,!

In pipe groove
a.
IG
b.

c.
d.
e.

0)1

90

#91

__

ampernge
.~-'--.

welding,

,
'\:,
1r -

the ;l5 fixed position

is desigl~ated
.

as:

,,0 '/

2G
2F

5(;
6G

'/

Using the appropriate conversio.n' fa_c,ior provided in the chart on I).a~e 4\ delermb~
,nate ~e~_c!31)eed in\~nch~_s)per JTlinu~':1for a wire fed at a speed
r1]!!~~
~,."
a.
28.3 ipln'
.'
.".,
.
b.
2&3 ipm
__) 1'1. ,. ,';;"" . j
c.
2,83'1 ipm'
~
,',

ofCSQ

d.

5.076 ipm

e.

. ~0.76 ipm

'I

The defecl pOled in lhe radiograph

a.
incomplele pelletration
b.
l\ crilek
e.
ineoinpletc fusion
d.
porosity
c.

slag inclusions

/'

V. '
in Figure

15 is:

{> ",

the approxi.~

"

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals
Exarninalion

The ~'(\" dimension

in figure

16 is l;efelTedto

as:

L/~//

nelltal weld throat

weld size

t/

weld kg

[heoretical weld thro'at

effeedve
weld throat
<

'",

~"

"F" in Figure 16 points to:

a.
Ihe root penetration
b.
the weld penelralion
c,
the weld root
d.
tile joint root .
e.
'none of the above

~19:J

The dimension "e" in Figure

il.
thetheoretjcal
throat
II.
the aClualthroat
c.
the effective throat
d.
e,

F1H5

.0

196

c7

16 shows;

~~//.'

weld I~g
convexity

- '"
The dimension'''f)''
in Figure 16 is called:
a.
IIIC lhel)relicalthroat
and the dfect\\'c throat
b.
th~ erfecliv~ Ihroat and theactllallhr.<?at
c.
the actual throat anel ihe Ihcoretical throat

d.

weld sIze

e.

(:unvex il)'

The dilnension
a.
b,
c.

"E" iJ) figure

the aClualthroat
the effeelive throat
. convexity

d.

'leg and weld size

e.
concavily
'~ V
<'

<:' .

16 refers

V/
.

(0:

v...../
.
One common uiuse of centerline
welel crnck-s is: (
..
the lIse l)f preheal ~---.....;:,
i?f(
a highly restrained weld joint
r
V /
v

\5> ~

--_.-'-

.
I
'I .
\
usmg
t )e. wrong po ant)' ..-- ~i/'

I.,

,0>

slless re"I~:~(\[ Irealmenl

,
the Plese;
of incomple\e sidewall -f;\s;on

<,~..

, ~ (),~'L

311

/i

::9P ,
,

/'

(~J4F
/
~.

'.

~._."_

..

-.-

,A

B'

--'~S{j
__\I'

'.

Welding Inspec\iori Technology

r-undamenta,ls EX<llllinaiion

Using the nppropriale conversion faclor from the chant))) page <11, detcllnine
pounds per sCJuare in, (psi) for n yield sllen!:!th of 198 l\1Pa,
"

.""' .. /

I F199

' 'I

a,
b.
c.

2.8?IXI03ps~'
2.011 x 10'1 pSI
'1,136'psi
'

(I.

'11.36 psi

'c.

2Jn I psi

,'/.'

'I')

the flPI)foxif11flte
_
'; ..

'

~'i?#:
t

,$

'

'

...
".

,I,

'

'.,. , .

/ 'f.1'

\Vhich NDE method will best reveal subsurface porosity?

a.
RT
'
,
,
'//
b.
c.
d.

PT
tvfT
UT,

(/'
,.'
~/'

e.

none of the above

.~

,,)

.~

. J200

61

penetrant

testing is

nO[

recommended

when iJ1specting

a.
b.

Aluminum plate (hnt has been chelilicJlly

Steel weld test p.lates brl\shed clean

c1ea,ned

c.
d.,
c.

Stainless steel pfpe as.\\el~Jed l:y GT A VI

a casting tl13t has been sand blasted
a w~ld test plate with defect's remo\'cd by machining

!
I., /

Using the conversioil factors provided

for a !enslle strength o~()?~QQ()~
a.
<148,000
h.
c.
d.

4.'18 x 108.

e.

9.425 x 106

'

'.
,(
\

,.,/,/',
~

'~..

r~

\<'~

'..,

41. (letcl'mine
~

the a[)proximnte
.

'

~/
,

MP;l '

448
9,415,000

A II IvIT indication of a subsurface discontinuity

1 in. below the surfflce will! app~ar
pared to a surface discontinuity?
a.
intemlittent
b.
shaq)er
c.
less distinct
d.
, MT cannot detect a subsurface fla\\' I in. below lh~ surface
e.
only the central conductor method can be tlsee! 10 deleci naws iH I

9/F203

V.," ,'h of the following condiiions can cat;se' sl~g inclusions in n weld?
. ~ }a. ~\; il llfficient groove angle in an SMAW single V-groove weld
c/ 'j:>. _pcareful intcl-pass cleaning of subsequent layer ,unci beads. of FCA W
. r9-(!7' insuf0cient preheal of test plale
)t;
.
'(1.
~nsl~f0cient shieldi~)g gJ;, flo\\:in GTA \V ..f
e.
Improper fitup of GrvL\\V test p1at~s
))
1.0
'.f
Y,
,.C "

..

">'''-.

~:

I:

in the chari on'page

!,'
~..,

',..

}).i

F202

\\'hicl) of'tl)c fo.l19Whtg-~Fi-4a..lerii\ls?,

/

'.

201

"_

Liquid

how' as com-

> \

l'
u
.~ '._\'~
?

Welding Inspection
Technology
Fundamentals
Examination

..tqJ F204
I r ~.~

. t>< '"
\Vhat

is meant

by the tellll essential

variable,?!'

.a-'...--I~
on a W1S tha,t if chUl,~ed d~d!lg pro~tion
wil! render a .~p~ ~qll~llifje,d.
b.
Daia on an Inspecllon report that If changed render the report dlsqllailfied,
" .
Data on an MTR that is essential to the chemistry oJ the material.
d.
the recommended
amperage and voltage for \\'eldi11g as p~lblished by the manufacturer.'
e.
describes
what should be included in a \\,PS.
,.

(;/ 7" (;.

"-~
/

F205

The dimellsiOl~ "B" in Figure

a.
the weld tlu'oat
b.
the weld size
c,
point of tangency
d.,
groove wde) size ,',
e.
fi lIet weld profile

17 is:

F206

The dimension
"A" in Figure
a.
convexity
b.
conca~'ity
c.
face reinforcement
d.
weld size
e.
overlap

17 is the:_

~fVI
~

F207

The dimension
"E'? in Figure
a.
the aclual thrQat
b.
the effective, throal
c,
the thet)retical throat

d.

weld size

e.

convexity

The dimension
"0" in Figure
a.
the ,ictual throilt
b.
the effective throat

. /

l/.
, '.

'.

,.C.

/"

17 is:

17 is:,

" '/

,V "

c.
d.

the theoretical
wcldsize

e.

welclleg

Where

shoulclthe
preheat temperature
be t)lea5\1red?
in''\he weld groove
in. from the weld groove
where the arc will be initiuled
1-3 in. from the weld groove
preheat lemperOlure need riot be mensllred
x..

,;1, .

b.
c.
d.
c.

13

.:

throat

.,

.~

',r//

.~

V.
~

Welding Insreclion

FlJndamentals

a,

"
f;

', .. ''''''.

7"

but it:_~ondition

e.

should be not~cl in the inspection

;': ..~''';, ,

'!J", . '.I~ S I'}OWn

\X'I
Ill' \.1~1
, I,ll we ( ( I.';COllllnulty

In

Figllre 18?
a.

crack

b.

illcomplele

\\;.;

porosily

(I.

hurn t]uougll

e,

11In~slel1

is set rO~.~Using

the

2,758
27,580

c,
d.

2758

e.

275.8

\ \I

I!

/'

'

2'1.58

\A/hiGh

(jf the following

discontinuitics
iricolnplete fusion

a.

<'

b.

/ porosity

enn be caused

tec\mi,(IU'?

uy i)oo~elding

. ~'-'

.,...

'/
,,/

/,

unc.!el"cut

d,

O\'crlHP

c.

all of lheabo\'e

.~
welding

inspector

should:

.'

L/

require requalilicalion

"c.

\;!...---

Je.

"/,,,

V ./

jF;;~/

/ .e=C-)
~- /'~-/

"
r

i\ I,

If a we\dq is continually
~uDl!ng.ollt re.icc~~l~le wJ)~lhe
n.
iuspectlds
WOlle
more critiqJlly4iJ..,.~
J~~
, b.~
ask I~Hlt lhe \\'~~Ier ,be terminated
"<:_' ~,,;/'(~

/).f?-

(11)prQ:,'

priate conversion faclol .frQ1}~ the chan cHlliage

determine the pressure in,l!:'il.'
b.

,~',

t-R ,

inclusions

An oxygCI,lregulnlor

a.

ill

report'

\.

the rndiograph
.

[///

.Ioint pClletrntion

c.

~/F213

.i/

v~ \ ~
&<r
.-I~ ~ 11~ ,
lhatl:~,~er
a parI 1!.!:'L1~.
C\~
an iiIICrrll~)~ion in llle unifonllity
or a weldmcl1t
-

,
,
,
an Indication

d,

F2'1 '1

,.,1."

n_~vc~rejectable,
aiways a defecl

L.

t .

alw'1)'srejectable'

rJ.:S"'~Y
__ '"

is:

A discontinuity

Technol,99Y

Examination

iW,l~~lct the \\ elder ,in proper lechniques

,ask that the welder use another process

/'

/
~

{low docs a wel<Jtr becol1'c Certified?

a.
b.

c,
(\.

~'

certification
cn'n only be oblained b.\' Inking a weld lest ,ei"'en by a C\VI
by graduating from a welding school
~"
-,
by having documented
p~oof of 5 years in welding industry.
b)' documenljng sllccessful COITII;!<'lil1l111f
a weld tcst according
to the I (:(julrcrllclltsof
~~)

appl icable stand:nd

certification

can only

l"

'

bl': obtained

by taking

a ,veld lest 1,ltall approved

tefl,l center

, ../'

'. ~
,l

an

Welding Inspection Tec:IH)Ology

funcJarnenlals
Examination

\Vhich

discolHinliityoccurs

in th<1heat-aFfected.

lone ancl can result from cxces~

moiSture

V .'

in the.

~. ~::::::'I~:~~~.raCkC~'~'-c,-,,-- :/;:/
weld lone?

d.
\Vhich

'-0)
.. )/

f21B

F219

f220

crack

of lhe following

..
measurements

a.

mass and volume

b.
c.
d.
("

length find thickness

widlh and length
width and thickness
load and pressure

."

.'

are taken from a tensile lipec;imen

tei detennine~

".'.'

'

".

~'.'

~/

V
~

\Vhen establishing
a PQR? .
.
a.
.Ihe type and number of tests required is delemlined by the applicable 'standa:rtl
. b.
;)face and root bend Wi!' qualify all plales
. -<.. .
.
".
c.
te,sting requirel11enlS aredetennined
by lhe C(!'itE!lE.!:9!aqd approved
by th~ inspector
d
destrucllve
testing is required only if a rjlOblem is suspected
.
e.
a weld lest plale does not have 10 be mechanically
lested 10 establishf\
PQR ~
,

Which of Ihe following discontinuilies

a.
lack of fusion
b.
slag il,1Clll~ions
('.

IItn~Slen

d.

. porosilY

e.

.',f"x!.

C/'

porosity
cemerline

'

,.

'..vith GTA \V?:

~
.~/.r

inclusions

....

lHHlercut

Using Ihe apprbpriate'con~'ersion

21ipm 10 mm/s.
,n.
88.9
b.
8.9
c.
0.88
d..
e.

is not associated

'K

fn.ctor from tlie chart.on

page ill, conv(~rt

0.088

49.61

Using Ihe aprro riate conversion facial' fl'om Ihe chari on page 41, calcllla.~~tJt~ ultimate
tensile
slrength in MIC)tl\of~.~e.I}~!~specimen
ha\;ing n_~~~-sectional~r~a.?rO.3QQ
~.j~:)and
broke. ..at
a lensile loaaot!24,600
Ibs.
-_.-......
,
'.
,,--_._ ....

=. Tensik

Load (Ibs.)
/\ie3 of specimen

a.
b.

56) Pa
565 ~11\.l

c.
d.

5.65 Pa
565 \;Pa

e.,

5.650 k F'a

(sq. in)

strength (psi)

Welding Inspection

. Funclaplentals

~ /

F222

Wl1ich of the following discontinuities

a.
incomplete
fusion
b.

l_~?3

tungste'n inclusions
ifl~olilpletepenetration
cracks

The CA WI:

;;') ),,\;:--1i:-'-~::~~~er~;
responsible
r

.-9

c..:, I "'Y
y.. \/

are not fouqd with (jfvl A W?

porosity

c.
d.
c.

"'I

Tecllnology

Examination

b.

c.
d.
e.

of a weldmen . s confornJance

inspecls \\'eldn1enls only under thedireClioll of a ~~\\lI or SC\\lI._~~._

cannot inspect critical \\'eldments
performs all inspections the same as a CWI '.
all of the above

NOE technicians. are certified

tl.
AWS 01.\
b.
API 1\04
c.
ASNT SNT-TC-IA
d.
ASI'v[E Section VI
c.

for determination

ASlvlE Section

IX

ill

accordance

with:

10 acceplabl,
'.

'V'

'-'". /

':~

Welding Inspeclion Technology

fundarnentals
Examinalion

Area =

Final Gage
. Lenglh - Original

9c Elongalion

9'c Reduction

of Area =

UTS

><

Original

Load al specified

Original

l/in, :::;

v
Travel

area

where:

(ipm)

15

P max = laaello break specimen

Area = specimen's original cross-sectional

offsel

Carbon t=quivC\lent

100

0,7854 (OD2 - Jl)1)

x A x 60

%C + %Mn + %Ni

P max

cross-sectional

Speed

x 100

.Original, Area

where:

UTS for full section pipe =

YS

Gage Length

Area - Final Area

Area

Gage Length

Original

P max

diameler:!
'-I

1 X ----

-I-

%Ct\ + ~olvl?
13
14:

:::;

V
A

lp:11

:::;

loules (ei1ergy)
weleling voltage
welding amperage
inches per. minule:

area

Welding

Inspecllon

Technology

Fundamentals

'

Welding Usan~ Conversion Chart-U.~.

ProperlY

.'

density

deposilion

and 51

To:

area dimensions
current

Customary

rate

111.mm2

mm2
.

A/in.1
A/mm2

A/nim2
A/in.2

1.550 x I b-J
6.452 x 102

Ib/hr.

kg/hI'

0.454

I.n,~

..,kgI1jr:.
,
ft3/11
..(ltmin

, nowrate

.2.205

" ::JQ!Jlf.- '

4.1\9 x 10-1
/"2""""1"~'1"-9

I/mitl

, .fr'!ll)
...............

.~

..

t .. " .

j.. .

heat input

J/il1-

.11th

Jim

,IIi p.

._-----...------;~--_.----

.............

Examlna\ion

39.37
2.54 x \0-2

"

f.--'-

Iinear measure

In.

mm

25.4

mill

1/1. :

3.937 x 10-2

mill

Ft

3.0'18 X 102
3.281Xlq-)

III

kg

OA54

kg

lb

2.205

pSI

kPa
tv1Pa
psi
psi

6.895

, . ft
mill

psi
kPa ..

MPa
bal'

..

. 6.895 x 10-)
I A 5.0 x 102

MPa

.,

in.lmin

)\

mm/s

~"_

in./m in

'ra

torr

'in./l1lin

nlln/s
inJlllin

" 'I,D.?)
~.

..

0.\23
.. .

-,

Jt.:.?

.-

""t

1-..
~

..j.

"

... ~I
'

41

f.362

;L:..--------v'"

.,/

i-

\'

10-1

" .,/
1.3q2,
''''::/.'50 I x I0-)

mm/s

'',i
",,,-, .. ,,.

niql/s

\~

1'l.SO

of

MPa
psi

psi

102

,; (OF -32)/1.'8
\ (OC x 1.8) -/-~2

o'e:

(l.9 x Itr-2,

bar

OF

0.145
"1.450
_ ....

pSI

pSI

_K

6.895.x \0-) ..

(, v