Background of the Study:

Many peoples definition of hospitality extends only to restaurants and hotels. In reality, it goes
far beyond this and includes any organization that provides food, shelter and other services to people
away from home . When viewed in this light, the hospitality industry can be quite large and far reaching .
Also, the numerous career opportunities become readily apparent. Students considering entering the field
of hospitality should take into consideration all of the types of businesses that hospitality encompasses but
also, the various career streams in functional areas across segments (such as accounting, finance,
marketing, human resources, etc.). One of the common threads that binds all segments together is the
service orientation that exists one must possess this in order to be successful.
The Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management (BSHRM) program is geared
towards equipping students with the necessary knowledge, skills and attitude to provide quality service in
the hospitality industry. The program contains subjects that will address the needs of different sectors in
the hospitality industry, such as culinary, front office, tourism, resort and hotel operations. Its primary
concentration is on the development of practical and management skills which are achieved through the
combination of theoretical classes, practicum exercises and experiential learning. Graduates of this
course will possess business management and accounting skills to be able to compute daily sales, recipe
costing/cost control and inventory management. The program also helps students to develop effective
communication

and

interpersonal

skills

which

are

essential

in

establishing

positive

employer/employee/customer relations. Over the last 10 years, other types of businesses have begun to
recognize the unique combination of skills that hospitality students possess the combination of sound
business and management along with a service orientation. As a result, other industries have begun to
recruit hospitality graduates including health care and retail.
Hospitality management is the academic study of the hospitality industry. Hospitality courses prepare
students to face the challenges of the corporate world. Hospitality management courses also provide all
the training for the students to cope with the workloads of the hospitality industry. Other than that, these
hospitality management courses also prepare students with leadership skills and qualities so that students
have the right kind of qualities and attitude to cope in the corporate world later on. Hospitality
management can be divided into various different disciplines such as culinary arts, hotel management,
tourism management etc. Each different branch of this course prepares student and graduates to face the
different challenges in different field of the hospitality industry. As hospitality grows into becoming one
of the most important economic sectors in the world, more and more graduates of hospitality management
is being demanded in to this fields.

Objectives of the study:

Societal objective: To be socially responsible to the needs and challenges of society while minimizing the
negative impact of such demands upon the organisation. The failure of organisations to use
their resources for society's benefit may result in restrictions. For example, societies may pass laws that
limit human resource decisions.
Organisational objective: To recognize that HRM exists to contribute to organisational effectiveness.
HRM is not an end in itself; it is only a means to assist the organisation with its primary objectives.
Simply stated, the department exists to serve the rest of the organisation.
Functional objective: To maintain the department's contribution at a level appropriate to the
organisation's needs. Resources are wasted when HRM is more or less sophisticated than the organisation
demands. A department's level of service must be appropriate for the organisation it serves.
Personal objective: To assist employees in achieving their personal goals, at least insofar as these goals
enhance the individual's contribution to the organisation. Personal objectives of employees must be met if
workers are to be maintained, retained and motivated. Otherwise, employee performance and
satisfaction may decline, and employees may leave the organisation.

Discussion:
Hospitality and Tourism Management (HTM) is a multidisciplinary field of study with the
purpose of preparing people with the expertise, commitment, and skills for management, marketing, and
operations positions in the expanding industry that provides food, accommodations, and tourism services
to people away from home. As a field of study, Hospitality and Tourism Management is interdisciplinary.
It draws upon a wide range of basic disciplines to provide the fundamental knowledge and skills that are
required to fulfill the diverse demands placed upon individuals in management positions within the
hospitality industry. Hospitality management focuses on ensuring customer safety and comfort in a hotel,
restaurant or entertainment facility. Hospitality management centres on customer satisfaction that would
lead to his loyalty and repeated business. Students in hospitality management usually have the
opportunity to receive hands-on experience in real hospitality organisations. Hospitality management
integrates theories from similar disciplines like: commerce, business administration and supply chain
management and logistics.

Hospitality, leisure and sports includes disciplines related to tourism, recreational activities and
fine living, in general. With the increase of tourist activity all over the globe and the diverse leisure
options available to date, this field offers rich career opportunities for future business managers and
service providers alike. There are countless different aspects to tourism and hospitality, matched by a rich
array of specializations leading to popular job titles as travel agent, hotel and resort staff or tour guide,
restaurant manager or transportation professional. A career in tourism requires people-oriented skills, a
feel for current trends as well as technical competencies. Sport science is also a very well developed
branch, concerned with the physical and mental training of individuals and teams wishing to reach high
levels of performance. With professions like sports coach or trainer, to therapist or nutritionist,
universities offer diverse study opportunities in sports science. Graduates in this broad field develop an
advanced awareness of their bodies, knowledge of individual and group psychology, and learn to stay
informed about popular entertainment and relaxation opportunities. Management skills are also crucial for
professionals in the field, whether they choose to organise a business, a professional sports team, or an
individuals personal training.

There is no board examination for BSHRM. However, there is an existing competency

examination that is taken by most graduates who belong to courses that have no board examinations. This
test is called the Civil Service Examination which is conducted by the Philippine Civil Service
Commission (PCSC). BSHRM graduates can also work as civil servants; they can be qualified to work in
government offices as administrative staff if they wish to do so. Those who will pass the civil service
examinations are conferred a civil service eligibility, a basic requirement for entrance to government
service.

The admission requirements for the BSHRM program in the Philippines:

Must be a high school graduate; but for students who were not able to complete secondary level
of education, admission is still possible as long as you passed the Philippine Educational Placement
Test (PEPT).

Must take and pass the college entrance examination.

Must pass the interview conducted by the college admission officer.

Some schools require a specific grade average upon graduating high school.

Must pass the minimum height requirement: 5"2 for women and 5"4 for men.

Skills required to succeed in this course:

There are no specific skills required for BSHRM because everything can be learned. However, you need
to possess certain attitudes and qualities for you to succeed in this course:
First, you have to be comfortable giving service to others. This means that you enjoy and take pride in
your work; Secondly, you must be approachable and friendly while maintaining professionalism; Most
importantly, you have to be an effective communicator, both in written and oral English. You will meet
and provide service to different people of different nationalities, to eliminate the language barrier, you
have to speak English well enough to be understood.
The difficulty level of BSHRM is quite low. Although there are business management and accounting
subjects incorporated in its curriculum, mathematical skills are required at a very minimal level. BSHRM
is a convenient course for students who are only seeking to achieve a college degree.

Hotel & Restaurant Management as a profession:

Hotel & Restaurant Management is not considered a profession. It does not have a specific and peculiar
set of theoretical knowledge that can only be understood by students taking the course. It also does not
entail great responsibility and accountability as most professions do.
How long does it take to complete the BS in Hotel and Restaurant Management course in the Philippines?
The BSHRM program takes 4 years to complete.
The duration is spent in classrooms for theoretical classes, practicum exercises and on the job
trainings/practicum program ( local or international ).

Training and internship:

There are certain schools that have partnered with international business establishments in the hospitality
industry that offer internships for students who can afford the expenses to go abroad.
Before students are immersed in hotels and restaurants, they have to undergo a hands on test first. For
example, if the topic is bartending, the student will usually perform this infront of a designated teacher
who will taste and assess his skills. By the end of the exercise, the teacher will grade and inform the
student if he is indeed ready to be placed in a practicum program with a certain establishment.
According to CHED (the official governing body of both public and private higher education institutions),
the suggested number of hours for on the job training required for the BSHRM program is 420 hours.
(See http://pinoyhotelier.com/bshrmchedsuggestedpracticumprogram.html)
Career opportunities for BSHRM graduates

Entry Level jobs

Jobs designated for recent/fresh graduates of BSHRM who have no prior experience.
o

Commis junior chef

F&B service attendant a person who takes customer orders, ensures tables are clear
and carries dishes back to the kitchen area

Bartender or bar attendant a person who serves alcoholic beverages; responsibilities

include maintaining supplies and inventory for the bar and mixing a variety of cocktails

Housekeeping attendant a person who cleans, changes linens and places things in
order in hotel rooms

Front Office agent/Front Desk clerk a person who takes charge of guest reception
inquiries and reservations, checks in guests upon arrival as well as giving the best customer
service to promote a positive first impression

Advanced Positions
Require years of experience and practice to perform certain jobs.
o

Food and Beverage Director manages the whole operation and control of the food and
beverage department

Restaurant Operations Manager responsible in overseeing the entire planning,

directing and coordinating operations of a restaurant; they are also tasked to do financial
record keeping, hiring, handling and firing of employees

Front Office Staff and Manager supervises front office personnels and ensures that all

front desk duties are properly completed; they are also responsible in the preparation of the
budget for the front office department
Cruise Line Staff maintains passenger cabins and runs the restaurant, bar, recreation

area and retail shops inside a cruise ship

Executive Housekeeper supervises activities of cleaning personnels to ensure well

kept hotel rooms

Chef a chef is someone in charge of the whole food service operation including menu

planning, purchasing, hiring and staffing

Food Service Consultant independent professionals who have a wide knowledge and

experience on food service and the hospitality industry, they serve as advisor to people and
help them achieve their goals
Academician a graduate of BSHRM who teaches at a college

o
o

Jobs not related to BSHRM that graduates can apply to

Call center agent answers phone calls and inquiries of clients and provides customer

support, usually to people from other countries

Freelancer working online doing online jobs for clients abroad, such as data entry,

article writing, SEO, customer support, administrative support etc., which mainly depends on
your skills
Administrative Staff personnel responsible for the organization and management of

office duties and tasks; positions that include office secretary, personal assistant and office
clerk
o

Career Opportunities Abroad

BSHRM graduates are one of the most sought after employees in terms of work abroad. Career
opportunities are more or less the same with the above mentioned job positions. The salary levels
can be 3 to 6 times higher then in the Philippines.

Salary Levels
Usually, in the Philippines, BSHRM graduates hired in entry level jobs are paid a minimum wage,
from 5,000php to 8,000php per month (as of 2013). For more advanced positions, salary can reach
up to 14,000php per month.

Advantage of Hotel management:

The advantage of working at hospitality industry are you will be knowing the different culture,people and
their values.
Hotel industry runs on the essentials of proper management at its every stage. For everything to function
in the right order a record needs to be maintained in an organized manner. As the hotel business expands,
the task of data organization and maintenance becomes even more cumbersome. This is where Hotel
Management System comes to rescue. They are computer software that takes control of the data
corresponding to the various functioning aspects of a hotel.
The software is an integration of various modules, which cater to the different aspects of hotel
management. For example hotel staff management, hotel reservation and hotel accounting are taken care
of by the various modules in a single software entity. Many software companies have put together more
areas of hotel management into their software. Hence, the software is referred to as Property Management
Software(PMS) since many other features are clubbed within the basic hotel management chores.
There are numerous advantages of the hotel property management system. Some of the benefits that
hoteliers reap from the management system are: The complexity involved with managing of data is
reduced considerably. All the logs and records can be easily stored in a digital form without any hassles
and otherwise necessary paperwork. All the operations like booking & reservations, check-ins, checkouts
etc. are available on screen and can be carried out through a few clicks of mouse. Therefore, the overall
efficiency of the hotel staff and the management system is increased. Clients can book the rooms and
other services through hotel website directly. This leaves no room for any third party involvement. Many
other tasks such as database for back office, scheduling of hotel events, staff management, hotel tasks and
jobs, hotel services can be controlled and monitored by a single system.
Servicing in the hospitality industry is subjected to personal interest. To people who are interested in
social skills and interpersonal communication skills, they may find hospitality industry an interesting
career field. This is because in hospitality industry, we are dealing with people, servicing people where
almost all of them are strangers. A great deal of interpersonal communication skills are involved in this
industry. This may be of an advantage or a disadvantage as not all people are born with fluency in
interpersonal communication skills though it can be acquired through a great deal of training.

A career in the hospitality industry can provide one with responsibility, advancement, diversity and
personal satisfaction. A career in the hospitality requires a great deal of responsibility due to the high
amount of workload. Advancement in hospitality industry is so when opportunities are provided for
employees to be promoted to a higher post in the industry.

As said earlier, hospitality industry is an industry which involves serving guests and customers who are
strangers most of the time. This is meant by diversity in hospitality industry. Each day, employees of the
hospitality industry face people who come from different part of the world; this proves the diversity of the
hospitality industry. Other than that, people who are interested and have acquired skills such as
interpersonal communication skills, they might achieve personal satisfaction working in this industry.

The hospitality industry is full of opportunities for great advancement provided one puts in a great deal of
hard work. Hospitality industry can be divided into so many fields and branches. As stated earlier,
hospitality industry is referred to as one of the fastest growing economic sector around the world.

In hospitality industry, there are countless job opportunities offered to employees. From waiter at a
restaurant to Chief Executive Officer (CEO) at large hotels, all of these jobs are classified under the
hospitality line. Moreover, the hospitality industries nowadays are facing a serious problem on the lacking
of human resources. More and more employees are needed in the hospitality industry. If one were to
graduate with a degree in hospitality management subject, he or she will never have to worry about not
getting a good job with good pay.

However, working in the hospitality industry brings some disadvantages too. Hospitality industry is
known for its extended, odd and uncertain hours of operation. Most hospitality premises have to operate
24 hours per day, if any colleagues are on leave, others might have to extend their working time or work
load in order to compensate the efficiency of work. For instance, ski or water sports resorts operate
seasonally based on weather conditions. Some restaurants operate only during breakfast or lunch hours.
Employees working under these sectors of the hospitality management have to cope themselves with the
irregular working time. However, employees are human too; they need adequate rest time in order to

maintain high work efficiency. There are cases where employees work over time just to compensate the
work load of absent workers, they fell sick or ill.

The Many Benefits of a Hospitality Management Career:

More and more high school graduates and college-educated adults are discovering the benefits of
a career in the hospitality industry. In fact, the World Travel and Tourism Council recently affirmed
that travel and tourism account for 8 percent of total world jobs. The Council also reported that this
industry boasts a higher potential for growth than any other.
The truth is that people are traveling for both business and leisure in greater numbers than ever before.
And when these people are away from home, they rely upon hospitality professionals for service,
comfort, and a bit of diversion and fun.

The following are several reasons to explore the exciting and rapidly expanding field of hospitality
management:
Entry Level Job Opportunities
Its frustrating to discover that you cant get a job without experience when you certainly cant get
experience without a job. Unlike many industries that demand years of work experience even for lowlevel positions, the hospitality industry offers a wide range of career options for relatively inexperienced
individuals with the proper training. Because it often values a strong work ethic, a dedication to quality
service, and an outgoing personality more than years of experience, the hospitality industry is brimming
with opportunities for new grads.
A Relaxing Work Environment
Few career paths center on helping people relax and get away from the hectic ups and downs of everyday
life. Individuals who work in hotels and resorts enjoy the same welcoming environment that attracts
tourists in search of a good time. When you are surrounded by happy vacationers, you cannot help but
absorb some of that calm and pleasurable vacation vibe.
Career Advancement
Worldwide, the hospitality industry takes in approximately $3.5 trillion per year. This money is
divided among a wide variety of employers. From large hotel chains to roadside motels to exclusive

resorts and casinos, a career in hospitality can lead an ambitious worker in countless directions.
Individuals who start in property-level management positions often accept quick promotions to regional
and executive management posts.
Job Benefits
Because many hotels are owned and/or operated by major companies such as Marriott, Hyatt, and Hilton,
they know what it takes to stay in business. In large part, this means offering great benefits in order to
attract and retain exceptional management team members and staff workers. Industry leaders typically
provide extremely competitive healthcare packages and 401(k) retirement plans. They also often support
generous maternity leave, sick leave, and vacation pay policies. Many even offer tuition reimbursement
for various relevant educational programs. The industry itself comes with considerable benefits as well. In
many cases, travel and tourism managers are able to journey to exotic and desirable locations at a great
discountor even for free!
For all of these reasons and more, a career in hospitality is more than worth examining. Respected
institutions such as the Ecole Htelire de Lausanne (EHL) offer bachelors degrees in hospitality
management with a variety of focuses. They also offer masters degrees for existing hospitality
professionals who wish to accelerate their careers. Interested individuals can also earn an executive
MBA with a concentration in hospitality administration.
The Roles & Responsibilities of a Professional Restaurant Manager:

Up to 18,000 new jobs for food service managers may be available through 2018, according to the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, and many of those jobs will be with restaurants. The specific roles and duties
that managers assume often depend on the size of a restaurant and the owners level of participation in
managing the business. Managers often oversee a restaurants operation at every level.
Employees
Restaurant managers are responsible for interviewing, hiring and firing employees. It's also a manager's
responsibility to handle staff training and scheduling, but those duties may be delegated to an assistant
manager. Restaurant managers sometimes take on the role of a mediator to resolve employee conflicts.
Conflicts are inevitable in the fast-paced restaurant industry, and dealing with conflicts immediately helps

keep them in check. For example, a manager might meet with quarreling employees to discuss their
differences and require them to find a solution to end their conflict quickly.
Patrons
Customer service is a constant concern for restaurant managers who hope to gain repeat business from
patrons. Managers must coordinate activities between the kitchen and dining room to ensure a restaurant's
service is efficient. Problem-solving and investigative roles are added to a manager's duties when a patron
complains about the food or service. The manager, for example, may retrace the events that led up to a
complaint and discover a backup in food preparation slowed down service. It's then up to the manager to
add more staff or find another solution to speed up service.
Supplies and Purchases
Placing orders for food, equipment and supplies may fall under a restaurant managers purview. Some
restaurants have executive chefs who handle food and supply orders. Mangers are responsible for tracking
food costs and raising menu prices when necessary. They may maintain records for purchases and ensure
that payments go out to suppliers if a restaurant doesnt have an accountant on staff. Some managers
assume a key role in negotiating deals with suppliers to get the best prices and potentially reduce a
restaurants operating costs.
Health and Safety
Its up to a manager to ensure a restaurant complies with health, safety and labor laws. An assistant
manager may be responsible for overseeing the order and cleanliness of the kitchen and dining room to
avoid health and safety violations. Managers roles also include tracking regulatory changes to prevent
violations that could embroil the restaurant owner in a lawsuit.

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For a career in the field of tourism and hospitality, students can start specialised study programmes in
Tourism and Hospitality Management. Through these programmes, you will have the opportunity to work

in a vibrant and welcoming environment in sectors such as transport, hotel and restaurant, tourism, travel,
and more. The programme can include courses in general business management as well as specific
courses related to the field of hospitality and tourism.

What is tourism and hospitality management?

A management course in tourism and hospitality covers the fundamentals of each industry including
tourism economics, food service, and legal issues. This course can help you develop the management and
entrepreneurship skills necessary to work in establishments related to the field. It will also give you the
knowledge and ability to develop marketing strategies based on a practical business plan.
Some institutions allow you to choose your specialty in areas such as hotel administration, conference
management, or travel and tourism. To start a course in tourism and hospitality management, you require
a GED or a high school diploma.

Topics covered in a hospitality degree course

A Master's or a Bachelor's in tourism and hospitality management helps you gain practical knowledge of
the industry. The course may include topics such as tourism geography, customer service, business math,
hospitality law, accounting, convention marketing, and hotel reservations systems. Ideally, the program
should be able to prepare you for most of the popular job roles in the tourism and hospitality industry.

1. Airlines
You can find the maximum career opportunities in airlines after completing a course in tourism and
hospitality management. With this qualification, you should be able to land jobs in managerial positions
overseeing the operations of various industries. You could work in reservations, maintenance, and more.

2. The cruise industry

With a course in tourism and hospitality management, you should be able to pick up the necessary skills
and knowledge to work in the multi-billion dollar cruise industry. Whether its in the area of
entertainment and recreation to food and leisure, this industry has plenty of career opportunities for you.

3. Hotels and resorts

After completing a degree in tourism and hospitality management, you can even build a career in the
accommodation aspect of tourism. This involves hotels, motels, and resorts. You could hold the role of a

General Manager or even a Resident Manager. In these roles, you would be required to oversee the
overall functioning and administration of the business.

4. Event management
Another popular career option for graduates of tourism and hospitality management is in event
management as an event planner. Your job would involve overseeing the planning and organization of
upcoming events such as concerts, fundraisers, and charity events. With this career option, you could be
working for various enterprises related to the field such as cruise ships and international hotel chains.

5. Travel counselor
With a management course in tourism and hospitality, you could even pursue a career as a travel
counselor. This involves giving advice and guidance to clients in regards to travel destinations as well as
products and services. You would be required to work closely with the client and oversee proper travel
arrangements like booking reservations, issuing necessary documentation, and giving notifications about
any changes or new requirements related to their travel plans.
Reasons why hospitality jobs are great
You make peoples day:
Whether youre a concierge in a hotel, or a kitchen porter working behind the scenes, or even if youre
involved in the management of a hospitality business, every time you come into work youre making
someone's day that little bit better. Your business is all about people. Its not about widgets or
spreadsheets; its about making people happy. So much so that there's a dedicated website for it! Check it
out and join in the Smiles of Britain Campaign.
Its creative:
As well as being a people-oriented industry, hospitality is creative. You are creating a product be that
food, drink, or an experience and there's always scope to dream up new ways of making it more
enjoyable for your customers.
It opens a door to the world:
Every country in the world has a hospitality industry, and the skills you learn here are readily transferable,
meaning that a career in hospitality can very easily be the key to discovering new countries, new culture

and new people. If you're considering taking your skills abroad, our sister site, Catererglobal.com, is the
place to go for international hospitality jobs, cruise ship jobs and jobs in the Middle East.
Theres no need to get stuck:
There is such enormous scope within the hospitality industry that theres never any need for you to get
stuck in one niche. You could very easily stay with the same employer and in the space of a few years,
move between receptionist jobs, reservations manager to concierge and beyond. Where else could you get
that sort of variety?
You can take on early responsibility:
Just as there is the potential for rapid horizontal movement, you can also make your way up the ladder
very quickly in hospitality. If you work hard, acquire your qualifications, get on with customers and
colleagues, and show initiative, very soon, you'll find yourself in a senior position managing people and
projects.
Not 9-5:
If youre the sort of person who likes getting up at the same time in the morning, having the same
breakfast, putting on a suit and tie, and then catching the same train into the same office, day after day
after day, then hospitality probably isnt for you. It involves a great deal of variety, not only in terms of
the hours you work, but also the work you do during those hours.
Clear route in:
There is a clear set of hospitality qualifications that are accepted across the industry and there are
hundreds of places up and down the country where you can train to achieve those qualifications. You can
find out more about getting qualified in our dedicated training section.
Springboard, the hospitality charity, can help you with entry-level qualifications, or you can contact the
National Skills Academy for Hospitality to find out about their accredited courses.
Great perks:
If you work in an office then the perks probably dont go much further than a dismal Christmas party with
cheap drinks, dire music and everyone looking a bit awkward. In hospitality things are different. After all,
were here to help our customers have fun, so we can also make sure we share some of that fun with each

other in the form of employee perks. Rubbing shoulders with celebrities and gourmet meals are just some
of the perks those in hotel jobs could enjoy.
Great atmosphere:
In any workplace, there are always colleagues you don't get on with, and one or two who are a bit
unfriendly, but the good news is that not many work in hospitality. We dont hire people who are
unfriendly to our customers, which is why the hospitality industry contains some of the most vibrant,
lively and fun people youll ever meet.
Its a safe bet:
People always need food, drink and somewhere to sleep, don't they? So, even in shaky economic climates
like the recent credit crunch, the hospitality industry is relatively secure. In fact, in late 2009, Bob Cotton,
CEO of the BHA said of the recession:
"The past 12 months [since October 2008] have been some of the most difficult the [hospitality] industry
has experienced for many years, but it is noticeable that both hotels and restaurants are surviving, largely
unscathed."
Conclusion:
Hospitality industry is a fast growing sector and is economically important to the world. Tourism which is
one of the fields in the hospitality industry shrinks the world by providing a more in-depth look at the
enormity and complexity of international travel. Working in the hospitality industry has both advantages
and disadvantages and is subjected to people's point of view. It also depends on one's interest. As said
earlier, people who have good interpersonal communication skills will find working in the hospitality
industry an easy feat but to those who does not possess of good interpersonal communication skills, they
would not like it in the hospitality industry.