6.

5a)
Pearson Correlation Coefficients, N = 16
Prob > |r| under H0: Rho=0
y

x1

x2

1.00000

0.89239
<.0001

0.39458
0.1304

x1

0.89239
<.0001

1.00000

0.00000
1.0000

x2

0.39458
0.1304

0.00000
1.0000

1.00000

Scatter Plot M atrix

x1

x2

x2

x1

You see moderate correlation from the table, which is good because it means that we have the right predictors. By
looking at scatter plot, it seems that data is evenly scattered.

6.5b)
Parameter Estimates
Variable DF

Parameter Standard
Estimate
Error t Value Pr > |t|

Intercept

37.65000

2.99610

12.57 <.0001

x1

4.42500

0.30112

14.70 <.0001

x2

4.37500

0.67332

6.50 <.0001

The estimated regression line is y = 37.65 + 4.42 X1 + 4.375 X2. Beta1 indicates that as moisture content increases, the
degree of brand liking increases about 4.425 on average, given fixed amount of sweetness.
6.5c)
Boxplot of residual is below,

Residuals are symmetrically distributed.

6.5d)
QQ plot and residual graphs are below,
Residual by Regressors for y
4

Residual

-2

-4
4

x1

Residuals are normally distributed and randomly scattered.

10

2.0

2.5

3.0

x2

3.5

4.0

6.5e)
Heteroscedasticity Test
Equation Test

Statistic DF Pr > ChiSq Variables

BreuschPagan

0.00

<.0001 1, x1, x2

I have tried this, but for some reason, the code below did not work. if p-value is lower than .01, we reject null hypothesis,
which means that it does not have a constant variance.
proc model data=brand;
parms x1 x2;
y = z0 + x1 *z1+ x2*z2 ;
fit y /breusch=(1 z1 z2);
run;
6.5f)
Analysis of Variance
Source

DF

Sum of
Squares

Model

1872.70000

936.35000

Error

13

94.30000

7.25385

Lack of Fit

37.30000

7.46000

Pure Error

57.00000

7.12500

15

1967.00000

Corrected Total

Mean
Square F Value

Pr > F

129.08

<.0001

1.05

0.4530

Null hypothesis is that there is no lack of linear fit. Alternative hypothesis is that there is lack of linear fit. As we see, pvalue is very high, so we fail to reject the null hypothesis, which means that y and x1 and x2 has a linear fit. P-value
is .453.
6.6a)
Parameter Estimates
Parameter Standard
Variable DF Estimate
Error t Value Pr > |t|
Intercept

37.65000

2.99610

12.57 <.0001

x1

4.42500

0.30112

14.70 <.0001

x2

4.37500

0.67332

6.50 <.0001

Null hypothesis is that slopes are zero. Alternative hypothesis is that slopes are not zero. As we see, p-value is low, so we
reject the null hypothesis, which means that y and x1 and x2 are not zero and beta1 and beta2 are significant.

6.6b)
Analysis of Variance
Source

DF

Sum of
Squares

Mean
Square F Value

Model

1872.70000

936.35000

Error

13

94.30000

7.25385

Corrected Total

15

1967.00000

129.08

Pr > F
<.0001

p-value is less then .0001.

6.6c)
Estimates are the same as above. 4.425 and 4.375 for x1 and x2. (same alpha level)
6.7a)
2.69330 R-Square

0.9521

81.75000 Adj R-Sq

0.9447

Root MSE
Dependent Mean

3.29455

Coeff Var

R^2 is equal to .9521. it means that the model explains 95 percent variability of the response data around its mean.
6.7b)
Yes, It is the same. Refer to page 224 in the textbook.
6.8)
Parameter Estimates
Parameter Standard
Variable DF Estimate
Error t Value Pr > |t|

95% Confidence
Limits

Intercept

37.65000

2.99610

12.57 <.0001

31.17731

44.12269

x1

4.42500

0.30112

14.70 <.0001

3.77447

5.07553

x2

4.37500

0.67332

6.50 <.0001

2.92037

5.82963

7.3a)
Sum of
Squares Mean Square F Value Pr > F

Source

DF

Model

1872.700000

936.350000

Error

13

94.300000

7.253846

Corrected Total

15

1967.000000

Parameter

Standard
Error t Value Pr > |t|

Estimate

129.08 <.0001

95% Confidence Limits

37.65000000

2.99610324

12.57 <.0001 31.17731247

x1

4.42500000

0.30111971

14.70 <.0001

3.77447043

5.07552957

x2

4.37500000

0.67332413

6.50 <.0001

2.92037165

5.82962835

Intercept

44.12268753

7.3b)
Test 1 Results for Dependent Variable y
Source
Numerator
Denominator

DF

Mean
Square F Value Pr > F

306.25000

13

7.25385

42.22 <.0001

p-value is very small so we cannot discard the variable (keep in mind that our sample size is a bit small). P-value is less
than .0001