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the
governing
equation
d 2 q(t )
dq(t ) 1
L
+R
+ q (t ) = E (t )
2
dt
dt
C
R=
. An inductor of
an emf of
volts. At
t=
t>0
C=
circuit:
50 henrys, a resistor of
E (t ) = 20e-3t
100 volts or (b) AC generator,
Switch
L=
electrical
E (t ) =
A
RLC
0, the switch
if
for
i(t )
E (tD)
volts.
q(t )
m
k
Governing equation:
Pt
cos(
Governing equation:
d 2 x(t )
dx (t )
m
+c
+ kx(t ) = 0{
2
dt
dt
machine
d 2 x(t ) dx(t )
m
+c
+ kx (t ) = 1
Pt
4cos
2 43
dt 2
dt
machine
in rest
is rotating
with cyclic /
harmonic force
,
The homogeneous 2nd order ODE is
known as characteristic equation
because
it
represents
the
chactacteristic of many systems. It
has the complementary solution (
yc
,
The solution of nonhomogeneous
2nd order ODE is the summation of
complementary solution (
) and
yp
particular solution (
).
yc
).
the
governing
equation
d 2 x(t )
dx(t )
2
+7
+ 8 x(t ) = F
2
{(t )
dt
dt
Forcing
function
2nd
for
vibrating
car
structure:
x(0) = 2 x&(0) = 0
,
,
. Find the total solution for the
order ODE equation if the forcing function is given as follows:
F =0
(a) No excitation,
and it is subjected to initial condition.
(b) Repeat the same problem in 2(a) with various combinations of damping,
d 2 x(t ) dx(t )
2
+8
+ 8 x (t ) = F
{(t )
dt 2
dt
Forcing
function
i.e.
(c) Repeat the same problem in 2(a) with various combinations of damping,
d 2 x (t )
dx(t )
+9
+ 8 x(t ) = F
2
{(t )
dt
dt
Forcing
function
i.e.
3. Continue the problem 2. Let the governing equation for a vibrating car
d 2 x(t )
dx(t )
2
+7
+ 8 x(t ) = {
F (t )
2
dt
dt
Forcing
function
x(0) = 2
x&(0) = 0
structure:
,
,
. Find the total
solution for the 2nd order ODE equation if the forcing function is given as
follows:
F (t ) = 5cos10t
(a) Engine excitation
F (t ) = 8sin 8t
(b) Engine excitation
F (t ) = e-10t
(c) Engine excitation
F (t ) = 5e-10t cos10t
(d) Engine excitation
F (t ) = 5cos10t + e-10t
(e) Engine excitation
F (t ) = 10
(f) Road excitation
F (t ) = 5t 2 + 7t + 9
(g) Road excitation
F (t ) = 6tet + 3t
(h) Road excitation
Hint: Student just need to show an example for the solution of homogenous part
once and do not need to repeat the same step in other examples if it is needed.
To further master the skill to solve 2 nd order ODE problem, students can repeat
Q3(a-h) for various combinations of damping as shown in Q2(b) and Q2(c)
respectively.