Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Report on Mass
Transportation
Sanchez, Joshua Edward L.
CE171 / C1
November 05, 2016
Submitted to:
Engr. Geoffrey Cueto
Gasoline used in cars, motorcycles, light trucks and boats. Aviation gasoline is used in many
types of airplanes.
Diesel fuel (distillate fuel) used mainly by trucks, buses and trains and in boats and ships.
Kerosene used in jet airplanes and some types of helicopters.
Residual fuel oil used in ships.
Biofuels are added to gasoline and diesel fuel.
Natural Gas used to operate compressors to move natural gas in pipelines.
Propane (hydrocarbon gas liquid) used in cars, buses and trucks, Most of the vehicles that use
propane are in government and private vehicle fleets.
Electricity used by public mass transit systems and by electric vehicles.
Petroleum is the main source of energy for transportation wherein it provided about 92%
of the total energy the U.S. transportation sector used. Gasoline is the dominant transportation
fuel in the U.S.
3.) What are the health effects of emission from mass transportation?
Carbon Monoxide a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas emitted from the vehicle's
exhaust as a result of incomplete combustion. It interferes with the blood's ability to carry
oxygen to the brain, heart, and other tissues. Unborn or newborn children and people with heart
disease are in greatest danger from this pollutant, but even healthy people can experience
headaches, fatigue and reduced reflexes due to CO exposure.
Ozone it is not emitted directly into the air but is produced in the atmosphere when
gases called hydrocarbons combine with nitrogen oxide compounds in the presence of sunlight.
In the body, ozone reacts with lung tissue. It can inflame and cause harmful changes in breathing
passages, decrease the lungs' working ability, and cause coughing and chest pains. Even healthy
people are found to be sensitive to ozone exposure. *Ozone smog at ground level
Sulfur Dioxide emitted when fuel containing sulfur is burned in diesel engines. Sulfur
dioxide exposure constricts air passages, creating problems for people with asthma and for young
children, whose small lungs need to work harder than adults lungs.
4.) What are the government regulations and laws in controlling air pollution and emission?
Include the agencies and its role.
Republic Act No. 8749: An Act providing for a comprehensive air pollution control
policy and for other purposes. (also known as Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999). It was enacted
by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines. Chapter 1 Article 1 Section 2
states the following Declaration of Principles:
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The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful
ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain sustainable
development while recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units to
deal with environmental problems.
The State recognized that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is
primarily area-based.
The State also recognizes the principle that polluters must pay.
The State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for the good of all and
should, therefore, be the concern of all.
Having healthy environment is one of the purposes of the Act. With these principles, polluters
may have the idea of giving importance to the environment by doing something excellent that
will contribute to healthy air pollution.
Republic Act No. 3931: An act creating the national water and air pollution control
commission. It is to maintain reasonable standards of purity for the waters and of this country
with their utilization for domestic, agricultural, industrial and other legitimate purposes.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
primary agency responsible for the conservation,
management, development and proper use of the countrys
environment and natural resources. They shall serve as the
central depository of all data and information related to air
quality. They also have the power to closely supervise all or
parts of the air quality action plan until such time the local
government unit concerned can assume the function to
standards set by the Department and designate areas where
specific pollutants have already exceeded ambient standards
as non-attainment areas.
Department of Transportation (DOTr) this department is in
charge of the emission charge system and impose on and collect
regular emission fees from said dischargers as part of the
emission permitting system or vehicle registration renewal
system, as the case may be. The system shall encourage the
industries and motor vehicles to abate, reduce or prevent
pollution. The basis of the fees include, but is not limited to, the
volume and toxicity of any emitted pollutant.
Department, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), the Department of the
Interior and Local Government (DILG), the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Philippine
Information Agency (PIA) they shall encourage the participation of other government agencies
and the private sector including NGOs, POs, the academe, environmental groups and other
private entities in a multi-sectoral information campaign.
5.) What are the suggestions and recommendations to achieve environmentally public transport?
I suggest that there should be proper maintenance of the public transportation vehicles
and adapt to the use of biofuels instead of using petroleum based fuels. I also suggest that there
should be encouragement for healthy community design and promotion of safe and convenient
opportunities for physical activity by supporting active transportation infrastructure. The laws
must be strictly enforced because nowadays, there has been old transportation vehicles that
travels in the country that emits a lot of smoke and they were not properly taken well. It still
contributes to the air pollution so there must be an enforcement to the provided laws. Lastly, I
recommend that we must seek solutions to reduce the pollution generated by highways and roads
and requiring strict inspection for the public transportation vehicles.
References:
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (n.d.). Energy Use for Transportation. Retrieved from
http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/?page=us_energy_transportation
The National Academics of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. (n.d.). How We Use Energy.
Retrieved from http://needtoknow.nas.edu/energy/energy-use/transportation/
Wikipedia. (2016, November 03). Environmental impact of transport. Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_transport
Washington State Department of Ecology. (n.d.). Health Effects from Automobile Emissions.
Retrieved from https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/0002008.pdf
Madlambayan, Mariel. (2012, January 14). Current Laws Regarding Air Pollution in the
Philippines. Retrieved from http://airpollutionandmanagement.blogspot.com/2012/01/
current-laws-regarding-air-pollution-in.html
The ChanRobles Group. (n.d.). Philippine Environment Laws Republicc Act No. 3931, An Act
Creating the National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission Chan Robles
Virtual Law Library. Retrieved from http://www.chanrobles.com/RA3931.htm#.
WBz5i_p97IU.