Professional Documents
Culture Documents
T. J. Betts
82
1 Kings 6:1
83
84
85
Judges 11:26
The final Scriptural text for consideration concerning the Exodus is Judg
11:26. This verse is located in a message
Jephthah sent to the king of Ammon in
order to persuade the king to discontinue
his aggression against the Israelites living
in the Transjordan. The Ammonites were
attempting to retake some of the land that
Israel had taken when Moses had led his
people there. As Jephthah was contending
86
87
Archaeological Interests
88
Destruction Layers
89
90
Amarna Letters
91
determinative accompanying Israel indicates that it was a less settled people indicating they were a tribal people without
any fixed territorial boundaries, a picture
in keeping with the time of the judges.60
Since, no other mention of Israel appears
prior to ca. 1220 B.C. and Merenptah
recognized Israel as only a tribal people
instead of a nation, some argue the stele
supports a late date.61 On the other hand,
supporters of the early date contend that
Merenptahs mention of Israel indicates
the Israelites were established enough
for Merenptah to boast about having
fought Israel, meaning Israel was wellestablished in Canaan by this time.62
92
Conclusion
Endnotes
93
Ibid.
Hoffmeier, What Is the Biblical
Date for the Exodus? 237. See R. D.
Patterson and Hermann J. Austell
1 & 2 Kings, in vol. 4 of The Expositors Bible Commentary with the New
International Version (ed. Frank E.
Gaebelein; Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1988), 181, for a discussion of
the events taking forty literally.
25
I would like to thank my colleague
Peter Gentry for pointing out this
passage to me and its significance to
this discussion; cf. Wood, The 13th
Century Exodus-Conquest Theory,
486-86.
26
Wood, A Response to James Hoffmeier, 253.
27
Dyer, The Date of the Exodus Reexamined, 235.
28
Umberto Cassuto, The Documentary
Hypothesis and the Composition of the
Pentateuch (Jerusalem: The Magnes
Press, The Hebrew University,
1961), 52.
23
24
94
meier, 255.
Dyer, The Date of the Exodus Reexamined, 233; J. A. Thompson, The
Bible and Archaeology (3d ed.; Grand
Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982), 60-62.
68
Hoffmeier, What Is the Biblical
Date for the Exodus? 239-40; Wood,
A Response to James Hoffmeier,
253-54.
69
Robert C. Young, When Did Solomon Die? Journal of the Evangelical
Theological Society 46 (2003): 599603.
70
Nelson Glueck, Explorations in
Eastern Palestine and the Negeb,
Bulletin of the American Schools of
Oriental Research 55 (1934): 3-21;
Gerald L. Mattingly, The ExodusConquest and the Archaeology of
Transjordania: New Light on an
Old Problem, Grace Theological
Journal 4, no. 2 (1983): 245-62; Gsta
W. Ahlstrm, The History of Ancient
Palestine (Minneapolis: Fortress,
1993), 220-21.
67
95