Piagets Periods of

Cognitive Development

Infancy

Toddlerhood

Freuds Stages of
Psychosexual
Development
Period 1 (Birth-1yr)
Oral Stage
Sensorimotor Period:
Sensory Organ: Mouth
Reflexive Bx is used to
Infant takes in &
adapt to the envt
explores during oral
Egocentric view of the
passive substage (1st
half of infancy)
world
Infant strikes out
Devt
of
object
with teeth during
permanence
oral
aggressive
substage (latter half
of infancy)

Period 2 (2-7 yr)

Anal Stage
Preoperational Thought:
Major focus of Sexual
Thinking
remains Interest: Anus
Control of body
egocentric
becomes
magical
and
is
functions is major
dominated
by
feature
perception

Eriksons Stages of
Psychosocial
Development
Trust vs. Mistrust
Devt of a sense that
the self is good and
the world is good
when
consistent,
predictable, reliable
care is received;
characterized
by
hope

Kohlbergs Stages of
Moral Development

Premorality or
Preconventional Morality
(Stage 0 0 to 2)
Naivete
and Egocentrism
No moral sensitivity
Decisions are made
on the basis of what
pleases the child
Infant like or love
what helps them
Dislikes what hurts
them
No awareness of the
effect
of
their
actions
Autonomy vs. Shame and
Premorality or
Doubt
Preconventional
Morality (Stage 1 2 to 3)
Devt of sense of
control over the self Punishment-Obedience
Orientation
and body functions;
Right or wrong is
exerts self;
Characterized by will
determined by
physical
consequences

Preschool Age

School Age

Phallic or Oedipal/ Electra

Stage
Genitals become
focus of sexual
curiosity
Superego
(conscience)
develops
Feeling of guilt
emerge

Period 3 (7-11 yr)

Concrete Operations:
Thinking becomes
more systematic and
logical, but concrete
objects and activities
are needed

Latency Stage
Sexual feelings are
firmly repressed by
superego
Period of relative
calm

Initiative vs. Guilt

Devt of a can-do
attitude about the
self;
Behavior becomes
goal-directed,
competitive and
imaginative
Initiation into gender
role
Characterized by
purpose
Industry vs. Inferiority
Mastering of useful
skills and tools of
the culture; learning
how to play and
work with peers
Characterized by
competence

Premorality or
Preconventional
Morality (Stage 2 4 to 7)
Instrumental Hedonism
and Concrete
Reciprocity
Child conforms to
rules out of self
interest
Bx is guided by an
eye to eye
orientation
Morality of Conventional
Role Conformity (Stage 37 to 10)
Good Boy or Good Girl
Orientation
Morality is based on
avoiding disapproval
or disturbing the
conscience
Child is becoming
socially senstive

Adolescence

Period 4 (11yr-Adulthood)
Formal Operations
New ideas can be
created
Situations can be
analyzed
Use of abstract and
futuristic thinking
Understand logical
consequences of bx

Puberty or Genital Stage

Identity vs. Role Confusion
Stimulated by
Begins to develop a
increasing hormone
sense of I; this
levels
process is lifelong
Sexual Energy wells
Peers become of
up in full force
paramount
Resulting in personal
importance
Child gains
and family turmoil
dependence from
parents
Characterized by
faith in self

Morality of Conventional
Role Conformity (Stage 410 to 12yr)
Law and Order
Orientation
Right takes on a
religious or
metaphysical quality
Child wants to show
respect for authority
Maintain Social
order
Obeys rules for their
own sake
Morality of Self-Accepted
Moral Principles (Stage 5)
Social Contract
Orientation
Right in determined
by what is best for
the majority
Exceptions to rules
can be made if a
persons welfare is
violated

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Devt of ability to
lose the self in
genuine mutuality
with another
Characterized by
love

Morality of Self-Accepted
Moral Principles (Stage 6)
Personal Principle
Orientation
Achieved only by the
morally mature
individual
These people do
what they think is
right, regardless of
others opinions

Generativity vs.
Stagnation
Production of ideas
and materials thru
work
Creation of children
Characterized by
care

Morality of Self-Accepted
Moral Principles (Stage 6)
Universal Principle
Orientation
Achieved by only a
rare low
Understand the
reason for theor
existence

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Realization that
there is order and
purpose to life
Characterized by
wisdom