EPISODE 7 Foundations of Curriculum Development

Activity 1 Complete the timelines by indicating the significant contribution of each

person.
Franklin Bobbit
1876- 1956

Werret Charters
1875 1952

William Kilpatrick
1875 1952

Harold Rugg
1886 1960

presented
curriculum

EmphasiViewed curriculum
as purposeful activities which are child-centered.
as a science that
riculum also as a science which is based on
zed
students'
social studies
need, in
and
the
the
curriculum
teachersand
plan
the
the
teacher
activities.
plans the
emphasizes on
students' need.

Hollis Caswell
1901 1989

Ralph Tyler
1902 1994

Hilda Taba
1902 1967

Peter Oliva
1992 2012

Peterand
Oliva's
Teninterests.
General Axioms of Curriculum De
dum
social
functions
themes,
organized
knowledge
earner's
Social
processes,
including
socialization
of
human
beings,
areon
notstudents'
linear, and
they
cannot
be modeled throug
is a science
andofan
extension
of school's
philosophy.
based
need
and
interests.

Activity 2 Interview an administrator, a faculty and cite specific examples in each of the

Items given below. Complete the Table.

Foundations of Curriculum
Samples/ Situations
1. Philosophical Foundations Teacher provides oral recitation regarding to their topic
to provide information of the subject matter.

2. Historical Foundations

Teacher gives pre-test and post-test.

3. Psychological Foundations Students were mentally present on its lesson.

4. Social Foundations
Students were having a group activity.

My Personal Insights

SINGCO, KATHLEEN O.
The stakeholders gives importance to espoused the four major foundations:
philosophical, historical, psychological and social foundations are deemed necessary for
planning, implementing, and evaluating in a school curriculum.
The philosophy in the classroom is to promote learning activities and enhanced
the skills and knowledge of the students, the important subjects to be taught, the kind of
learning students must have and how they can acquire them, the instructional materials,
methods and strategies to be used, and how students will be evaluated.
Historical foundations gives importance like what Franklin Bobbit says that
curriculum as a science that emphasizes on students' need.

Psychology provides information about the teaching and learning process. It also
seeks answers as to how a curriculum be organized in order to achieve students
learning at the optimum level, and as to what amount of information they can absorb in
learning the various contents of the curriculum.
Social Foundations inquiry helps to sharpen students capacities to understand,
analyze, and explain educational issues, policies, and practices in order to improve
education.
As a future teacher, I will give importance and strengthen the foundations of
education. Without the strong foundation then the education will weak and it will never
provide a good quality education to the students or no learning at all. The vital role of a
teacher is to strengthen the foundation of education in order for us to provide proper
education, the values we impart and knowledge that they need to acquire in our
capacity.

BARRERA, MARIVIC V.
As I observe again in Actin National High School, the teacher that I interviewed is
Mr. Junard Umale which is one where we observed before. The teacher is mastered his
lesson where curriculum is strongly important that he used. If we based in the
foundation, you can deliver your topic accordingly and you also rate the capabilities in
learning .Most of the students had also mentally present in the class. In philosophical
foundation, you should always remind your students that they come always in school
and you should encourage them to school.
It is not only the philosophical foundation is important but the three foundation of
curriculum is very important in our part as a future teacher, we can used/apply this if you
are the field. These are the three foundation of curriculum Historical, Psychological and
the social foundation of curriculum.

GELERA, KRISSA MAE O.

As I interviewed the teacher in Actin which where we observed, I found out that this
foundation of curriculum is most important on conducting a class. It is because base on
this foundation, you can rate your students with their capabilities in learning. Most
especially, in Philosophical foundation which the students are mentally present to their
class, because of oral recitation activity which their teacher give.

But not only is the Philosophical foundation important but also the three foundation
of curriculum which the Historical, Psychological, and Social foundations which give a
big impart to the curriculum.
As a future curricularist, I will use the four foundation of curriculum because it helps
me to manage my classroom settings of discussion. It gives a participation or alertness
of my students during our discussion. And they were physically and mentally present.
And their socialization with others and to their classmates will develop. And when
someone presents their works in front of their class they are confident enough to
present it in front
PANILAGA, LOVELY V.
As I interviewed a teacher in Actin National High School which we observe, I
realize that the foundation of curriculum is much important in conducting a class
discussion, because the teacher or curricularist can determine/identify their students in
which they are capable or their every lapses. Specially in Philosophical foundation in
which students are mentally present in their class, because there is a one-one question
between the teacher and the students or the teacher should ask question to his/her
students that the students should answer. But of course, not only Philosophical
foundation of curriculum are important but also the three of them which the Historical,
Psychological and Social foundation of curriculum they are also effective in conducting
a discussion which makes the discussion more lively.

CATUBAY, JUVY ANNE E.

As a future curricularist someday, my insights is that this episode is important to know
what are the foundations of curriculum development and the importance of it in the
school. Knowing the value of philosophical, historical, psychological and sociological is
also important. By this episode I know this four foundation of curriculum development
are interrelated to each other. As what I have observed the school we are assigned I
have this four which help them to improved and their student to be competitive enough.

Activity 3 Evolve your own philosophy based on the existing philosophies of education.
Illustrate through a graphic organizer. Explain how this will be applied, if you
are going to put up your own school.

Educational Philosophies

Rationalism

Pragmatism

Ethics

Contrustivism
Descriptive Ethics

Meta Ethics

Cognitive Theory

Information
Processing

Mind Map

Learning Styles

Explanation
This
graphical
organizer
illustrates
the
functions
of my
school
using the
philosophi
cal in
education.
Pieces of
First
is Evidence
Records

LEARNING
PORTFOLIO

Documents
Pictures

Normative Ethics

Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956)

Werret Charters (1875-1952)

William Kilpatrick (1871-1965)

Peter Oliva
1992-2012

Hilda Taba
1902- 1967

Ralph Tyler
1902-1994

Harold Rugg (1886-1960) Hollis Caswell

1901-1989

School Documentation:

EPISODE 8 Crafting the Curriculum: The Teacher As A Designer

teacher to explain
Activity
how
1 the ten (10) axioms are realized in the school setting, The administrator or the

Ten (10) Axioms for Curriculum

Designers
1. Curriculum change is
inevitable, necessary and
desirable.

Situations/ Samples on How These Axioms are Realized

in the School Setting
Yes indeed it is necessary because if there is no
curriculum its like going to nowhere.

2. Curriculum reflects its

own time. It is a product
of its time.

Curriculum should be timeless which means it responds to

the change that comes from social forces and education
reforms.

3. Curriculum changes
made earlier can exist
concurrently with newer
curriculum changes.

The change that occurs in curriculum development can

co-exist, oftentimes overlaps for long period of time.

4. Curriculum change
depends on people who
will implement the
change.

It is best that teachers design and own the changes.

5. Curriculum development
is a cooperative group
activity.

Any significant change in curriculum must involved the

stakeholders get their support and input.

6. Curriculum development
is a decision making
process made from
choices or alternatives.

A curriculum developer or designer must decide what

contents to teach and what methods or strategies to use.

7. Curriculum development
is an on going process.

AS needs of learners change, as society change, and as

new knowledge and technology appear, the curriculum
must change.

8. Curriculum development
is more effective if it is a
comprehensive process
not piecemeal.

A curriculum design should be based on a careful plan,

intended outcomes clearly established.

9. Curriculum development
is more effective when it
follows a systematic
process.

A curriculum design should always be SMART.

10. Curriculum development

starts from where the
curriculum is.

An existing design is a good starting point for any teacher

who plans to enhance and enrich a curriculum.

Activity
2 lesson. Using the elements/component, write a sample curriculum using the te
a class or get
a sample

Intended Learning
Outcomes

To know the
different foot
massage
technique.

Subject Matter or
Learning Content

Basic foot massage

technique

Teaching/Learning
Methods

Assessment/Evaluatio
n

Demonstrate the
different foot massage
technique with
models.

Arrange
CHRONOLOGICALLY
the following
accordingly.

Activity
3
Request
a sample
lesson. Analyze the components present in the plan. Paste the lesson plan be

Pieces of Evidence
Records

LEARNING
PORTFOLIO

Documents
Pictures

Collect 3 sample lesson plans for various schools. Evaluate the similarities and
differences using the Venn Diagram.

Actin National Highschool

NAME OF SCHOOL

Differences:
Procedures
Assessment
Agreement
Strategies
Similarities in Component:
Same Intended Objectives
and Subject

Differences:
Procedures
Assessment
Agreement
Strategies

Bal-os National High School

NAME OF SCHOOL

Differences:
Procedures
Assessment
Agreement
Strategies

Kalumbuyan National High School

NAME OF SCHOOL