Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ISSN : 2395-7069 (Impact Factor : 1.7122) Volume 02, No. 03, July- September, 2016, pp. 184-196
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Abstract
At current scenario occupational patterns are changing day by day. New jobs
arrangements are emerging. Higher skill categories are the demands of todays employment.
Hence it is necessary for India to move up produce a larger number of people with higher
education and training for knowledge work. For India, skill development is critical from both
socio-economic and demographic point of view. Therefore, the present paper attempts to
study the present skill capacity, modern techniques in skill development through which
maximum number of citizens can enhance their talent. The study also found that both the
Government and its partner agencies have undertaken various measures/initiatives for the
effective implementation of the skill development system in the economy.
Keywords: LMIS, NSDA, Skill Development, Ministries, Modern Techniques, Government Bodies.
Introduction
Today the corporate world is focusing on the training and development programs just to
make their employee more skilled in their specialized field, so that they can very efficiently
focused on their work in a very less time giving maximum output in a minimum resources. Till
now only private companies were focusing on such techniques for their employees so that
through those skilled employees they can face the competition prevailing in the market. At
present scenario not only private sector government is also taking initiative to make Indian
citizens more skilled in their perspectives areas so that they can grow their self in all the aspects
to increase their living standard which also affect Indian economy development. The
government already spends several thousand crores every year on skill development schemes
through over 18 different Central Government Ministries and State governments. The Union
Smriti Srivastava, Shailesh Kumar Singh & Prof. Peeyush Pandey : Modern Techniques .
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Budget 2015 paved way for the launch of a much-awaited National Skills Mission to
complement Prime Minister Narendra Modis Skill India and Make in India exhortations.
India is one of the few countries in the world where the working age population will be far in
excess of those dependent on them and, as per the World Bank, this will continue for at least
three decades till 2040. This has increasingly been recognized as a potential source of significant
strength for the national economy, provided we are able to equip and continuously upgrade the
skills of the population in the working age group. In recognition of this need, the Government of
India has adopted skill development as a national priority over the next 10 years.
Objectives
The objectives of the study are:
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even have a unified definition of skill. A 2013 paper of the Institute of Applied Manpower
Research (IAMR) questioned the basis of governments target of skilling 500 million people by
2022 without this definition. Skill development efforts today cover everything from
personality development, 40-hour long outreach and awareness programmes conducted for
farmers by the Ministry of Agriculture, 3-6 month courses encouraged by the NSDC and the
National Skill Development Agency (NSDA), as well as two-year programmes in Industrial
Training Institutes (ITIs). The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE)
was created as the aggregator in the sector, but the duplication of roles and policy confusion
has persisted. Tasks allocated to MSDE, such as frame policies for soft skills, computer
education, and work relating to Industrial Training Institutes.
It is essential that MSDE performs the difficult role of coordination relating to skill
development. To begin with, the delivery of at least 70 per cent of the total skill development
targets should rest solely with the MSDE. Large scale training delivery systems, such as the
Directorate General of Employment & Training (DGE&T) of MoLE should be integrated with
MSDE, while ministries working on skills in specific sectors (such as Textiles and Tourism)
should closely coordinate with it. In addition, overarching roles such as apprenticeship
system, LMIS implementation, private sector coordination, etc., should be housed exclusively
within one agency to reduce policy confusion. Finally, the MSDE must explicitly be made
responsible for coordination with the States and their Skill Development Missions.
NSDA
NSDA is the key coordinating body for skills development in India. It is an autonomous
body which is coordinating and harmonizing the skill development efforts of the Government
and the private sector to achieve the skilling targets of the 12th Plan and beyond.The NSDA
will anchor the National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) and facilitate the setting up
of professional certifying bodies in addition to the existing ones. NSDA has subsumed the
three earlier bodies of Office of Advisor to PM on Skill Development, National Council of Skill
Development and National Skill Development Coordination Board.
NSDC
To execute skill development initiatives NSDC is an organization setup in the PPP
mode. The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is a Public Private Partnership.
The NSDC was formed by leading industry associations and the Government as a Public
Private Partnership to enhance the role of the corporate and private sector in skill
Development. The NSDC funds skill development initiatives, Sector Skill Councils and other
activities related to skill development including the setting-up of large scale, for-profit
sustainable vocational institutions in the country, by encouraging private sector participation
and providing low-cost funding for training. For Indias participation in the World Skills
Competition NSDC is responsible.
Role of NSDC in Skill Development
It has three important roles-create, fund and develop an ecosystem .Other Central
government ministries and State governments have a focus on skill development within the
purview of their domain. The overall initiative is also contributed by NGOs and the Private
Sector. Sector Skill Councils have been set up to standardize the occupational standards, they
are responsible for certification and to train the trainers and accreditation. They also
participate in the creation of the Labour market information system by developing LMIS for
their sectors. A Cabinet Committee on Skill Development with representation from various
ministries and NSDA drives the policy formulation on skill development.
Smriti Srivastava, Shailesh Kumar Singh & Prof. Peeyush Pandey : Modern Techniques .
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Enterprises in the skill development space. This will help to create a positive and aspirational
image around skill development.
The Rural Broadband Initiative
The Rural Broadband initiative of the Ministry of IT and Communications proposes to
connect 250,000 panchayats in India using high capacity broadband connectivity of at least 100
Mbps. Riding on this technology highway, skill centers can be established at panchayats and
skilling content can be delivered digitally. Pilots for this are being planned in Vizag, North
Tripura and Ajmer before a larger rollout.
Citizen Service Centres in Skill Development
CSCs are the Citizen Service Centres set up under the Ministry of IT & Communications
to provide prescribed citizen services including in the villages. These centers are being used both
to deliver skill development through IT and also as centers for skill development.
Employment Exchanges in Skill Development
Currently, employment exchanges have become just repositories of lists of unemployed
persons. NSDA is working with the States to improve the functioning of the exchanges and also
explore alternate roles for them. Various states are taking into account to convert the current
Employment Exchanges into District Career Guidance and Counseling Centers, in which, the
exchanges can play a crucial role in skill development. These exchanges are leveraging
technology to increase their reach to the stakeholders. They are providing guidance to
individuals and mentoring aspiring individuals on entrepreneurship and self- employment.
They are working in a PPP mode to effectively leverage the technology and process knowhow of
private sector organizations. An example is the Karnataka State Employment Exchange
initiative.
Involvement of Private Sector in Skill Development
Private Sector plays a crucial role in skill development. The private sector is delivering a
majority of skill development programs of various Central Ministries and State Missions. For
example, Private organizations are adopting ITIs, leading and participating in their
management boards and benchmarking the training courses and curriculums in these ITIs to
be suitable for industry requirements. This plan of sucha scale cannot be successful without a
significantly increased participation from the private sector especially since a large percentage
of skill demand is in this sector. The government realizes and is engaging in a PPP mode
where relevant to make this a success. NSDC is a body setup in the PPP mode to increase the
active participation of the private sector in skill development including the building of
training capacity. Sector Skill Councils are setup with participation from industry bodies and
private employers to standardize trade and competency and as a part of the larger strategy to
get employers to lead skill development efforts. Private training organizations, NGOs are
being funded by NSDC to increase their training capacity.
Community College in Skill Development
Community colleges are aimed at supplementing mainstream education by providing
alternate pathways to professional growth. Offerings could include vocational courses that
enhance employability of students. MHRD announced the launch of 200 pilot colleges in 2012
after a series of events in 2011 built momentum for implementation of a more broad-based role
for community colleges in the Indian system of higher education. This was unanimously
endorsed in the State Education Ministers Conference held on 22nd February 2012, and a
Committee of 9 Education Ministers of States was constituted to finalize the concept and
framework of the Community College scheme.
Smriti Srivastava, Shailesh Kumar Singh & Prof. Peeyush Pandey : Modern Techniques .
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Main Objectives
To provide opportunities for employable and certifiable skills with necessary general
education to high school pass-outs not ready to enroll in traditional colleges while also
providing them a path to transfer to higher education including technical education
programs;
No. of
instituti
ons
Proporti
on (%)
PrePrimary/
Pre-Basic
School
Primary
/Junior
Basic
School
Middle/
Senior
Basic
School
High/Post
Basic
School
Pre-degree
Junior
Colleges/Higher
Secondary
School
Board of
Intermediate
Secondary
Education
Total
67,822
823,162
367,745
123,726
66,917
48
1,449,420
4.7%
56.8%
25.4%
8.5%
4.6%
100%
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Pre-primary
67,822
4.7%
Class I-V
823,162
56.8%
Class VI-VIII
367,745
25.4%
Class IX-X
123,726
8.5%
Class XI-XII
66,917
4.6%
Total
48
-
Smriti Srivastava, Shailesh Kumar Singh & Prof. Peeyush Pandey : Modern Techniques .
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Low Enrolment Rates above Class XII Contribute Most of the Increase toward
Potential Learners
The percentage of enrolment for respective courses is decreasing with the level of
education. There is a sharp rise in learners at the graduation and post-graduation level as the
higher and technical education is inadequate on account of the following parameters:
Education institution in the country face shortage of quality faculty that results in
inadequate quality of education.
Increase in the cost of higher education on account of reduced government funding and
increase of private investment in the education system.
Male
3,023,570
3,791.797
6,319,612
6,770,505
23,930,684
Female
3,328,518
4,007,130
6,170,156
6,465,556
24,036,504
Total
6,352,088
7,798,927
12,489,768
13,236,061
47,967,188
SC/ST Constitute 28% of the Total Learners, Consistent with the National Average
The socially disadvantaged groups (SC and ST) have received a special focus over the
years for their social and economic advancement. The total number of SC and ST learners is 67
million and 35 million, respectively. Notably, the share of SC and ST among the learners in
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their respective age group is consistent with the share of SC and ST in the working age
population.
The total enrolment in the schools during 2009-10 was 243.3 million, representing 21% of
the total population. The enrolments have increased over the years, resulting in a high literacy
rate of 74%. During the same time, a high drop rate of more than 50% (till class Xth) is proving
a major hurdle to the growth of the economy and creating a pool of potential learners.
Dropout Rate
28.9%
42.4%
52.8%
Smriti Srivastava, Shailesh Kumar Singh & Prof. Peeyush Pandey : Modern Techniques .
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Findings
Through Economic survey terming skill development and utilization of skilled
workforce as a major area of concern, The Economic Survey 2014-15 stated that as per the
Labour Bureau Report 2014, the present skilled workforce in India is only 2 %, which is much
lower when compared to the developing nations and that the number persons aged 15 years
who have received or be receiving skills is merely 6.8 percent. However, data from the 68th
NSSO round (2011-12) indicates a revival in employment growth in manufacturing from 11
percent in 2009-10 to 12.6 percent in 2011-12. Indian workforce in the age group of 15-59 and
which was found to extremely low i.e. around 38% of the workforce are not even literate, 25%
are having below primary or up-to primary level of education and remaining 36% has an
education level of middle and higher level whereas only 10% of the workforce is vocationally
trained (with 2% formal and 8% informal training).
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Policy Support
The government has rolled out targets for various ministries based on the employment
potential in those sectors. The ministries have introduced schemes in the field of infrastructure
development and employment linkages in order to impart quality skill training.
Ministry/department/
organization
National Skill
Development
Corporation
Labor and
Employment
HRD higher
education
S.No.
Projected number
of trained
individuals in
2022(in million)
150
100
50
Smriti Srivastava, Shailesh Kumar Singh & Prof. Peeyush Pandey : Modern Techniques .
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Transport
Rural development
(RUDSETI) and IL
& FS
Agriculture
Construction Industry
Development Council
Urban development
10
Textiles
11
12
Department of Heavy
Industry
13
Department
of Information
Technology
14
15
16
17
18
Finance-Insurance/
Banking
Consumer affairs
Tourism
Food processing
industries
195
30
20
20
20
15
15
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
196
19
20
21
22
Not available
5
5
Not available
15
Total
530
Conclusion
As we have mentioned above that Skill development is one of the essential ingredients
for India's future economic growth .Skill development is going to be the crucial ingredient in
India's growth. Its impossible for India being a larger population to up skill all of its youth
across the country through the conventional education framework. By promoting PPP models
of financing skill development, more employment can be generated Central & State
Government, private industries & several NGOs has supported Modern techniques to
enhance skill development .The student has to be cautious on a few points before taking a
decision to go for skill training: firstly placement track record of a particular skill center.
Secondly, the track record of the training centers. Thirdly, the certificate awarded by the skill
centers should by certified by NCVT and NSDC. So to conclude this there are abundant job
opportunities in India and world over for skilled people, there are plenty of skill development
centers across the country, there are number of schemes running by government where for
getting trained student does not have to pay a single penny, this is creating a perfect
environment for getting trained and placed, so its very important to choose the skill center
very carefully as this is the first step towards a career ahead.
References
http://www.ficci.com.
http://www.nsdcindia.org.
http://planningcommission.nic.in.
Ministry of Labour& employment
Skill Development
http://tmgt.lsrj.in
http://abhinavjournal.com
Skilldevelopment.govt.in