EEwcpunno, L8nu50noirjGrj, MOVTCl(, EK1:lJnWGrj Art of Text A.E.

K. N. EmGKOnOU 4, 88GGOnoviKrj TK 546 35

Trjn. - Fax: 2310/218.546

ISBN: 960-86863-8-5

EK66G8l~ IEPA EI\I\Ar An8nnou 6

TK 540 13 88GGOnoviKrj, T.8. 50503 Trjn.: 2310/270.663, 2310/226.833

T rjn80~OlO1:Unov: 2310/270.663

Acplepoural otout; 'fnnlwec; noiteiuouu; ttu; 1017C; xtiuetiac IT.X. Kat otouc BaaKouc;

nEPIEXOMENA

Mla rtpocrrdflsur cvnrmouotnoeoc

tou Eilil'lvo-A'(ilavnKou norteuou 11

np6iloyo~ 19

ElGaywy~ 27

KequlilolO A

rVoolle~ cpxnkov Kat GUYXPOVWV GuyypmpEwv 6la tnv A'(ilav'((6a

H V~GO~ '(au nila'(wvo~ 33

KeqlllilolO. B

H KawGKeUaGIlEV'l 6(v'l

Ol 6uo nila'(wvel; 65

To mcteueo rou nila'(wvo~ 69

Ol 8pUilol vur rnv E~aqlaVlG'l Illa~

Ileyail'l~ V~GOU 71

AUTO( nou evoxdouvtm an6 tnv npaYllanK~

ail~8ela 76

Km aililal an06e(~el~ 6ta '(0 yeyov6~ 6n

a noftmouoc npo~il8el ana rnv Eilila6a 80

8

K£quiilalo r

AB~vat, 11 noihe: Tile: nai'li'laooe: ABIlVae:

To I-IUOTlKO TWV BaoKwv 103

To ovouc Tile: lepae: noi'lewe: Tile: ATTlK~e: 108

H noi'lle: TWV ABIlVWV OTIlV uorepn cpxmornrc 111

K£quiilalo fl

a Tlumoc TOU ni'laTwvoe: Kat Ol El-ll-llO"BOl

cpvnrsc TOU relplOU

al «elOlKOl» ltJeUOOVTal Ola TOV cpoBo

TWV 10uoalWV epvooorov TOUe: 125

a Ttumoc TOU ni'laTwvoe: 129

Km ai'li'lat anooel~ele: Ola TOV ncvupxmov

ei'li'lllvlKov nofuuouov 146

K£quiilalo E

Ta i'laBIl Tile: lepae: ei'li'lllvlK~e: cpui'l~e:

al El-ll-llO"Bol ATi'lavTOi'loyol 165

relpLOe:, AVOpOI-IEOa, ni'lelaoee:, Tuupoc Kat OCPl(~ 171

H Aeuouptn ~ Mou 178

a QloBoe: xm 0 !\ell-loe: 182

Epsuvsc OTOV ATi'laVTlKO OKeavo 188

9

ATAaVTi~ - To MUGTIKO TWV MUGTKWV

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K£quiilalo Z

To oeUTepo EPYO TOU ni'laTwvoe: nepl ATi'lavTlooe:

To EPYO «KplTlae:» ~ 197

al e~ExOVTee: ATi'lavmi'loyOl Kat Ol uuuntor 208

!\Ili'lwoele: emOTlll-IOVWV yw TIlV AB~va

Tile: 101le: xuustlnc 216

KaBwe: Ol xuustlec nspvouv 222

Kpnluc OUVExew (TO I-IUOTlKO TWV I-IUOTlKWV).. 226

Ta lO"TOplKa vevovorn 232

H eKOlKIlO"le: TWV Ei'li'l~vwv 240

BlBi'lloypacpla 247

MIA npOInA9EIA ANAnAPAITAIEOI TOY EAAHNO - ATAANTIKOY nOAEMOY

H 8anaaaa ~Il~ MEaOYEl?U aTTnWVOt~v ax~06v aKlV~tll, aav Ka8pEmll~, TTOU ueon rnc 11 8Ea ~Enllvll, uljJWJ,lEVIl apKEta, Ka8pEqm~E rn Kannll rnc. 0 Alono~, 8EO~ tWV Enn~vwv, ElXE aUnnE~El Kat KnElaEl ortouc roue aVEJ,lOU~ otnv annll aKPIl tll~ YIl~, xm J,lOVO ElXE ~ECPUYEl J,lla nEm~ J,lUPWJ,lEVIl oupu YEJ,latll opoma. ran~vll Ba8Ela Baa(flEuE aE Onll tnv MEaOYElO, EVW W Alyalo mmvorcv oov va KOlutrrtn, Kat to J,lOVO TTOU tOU tapa~E to Ba8u tOU,UTTVO, riouv ru «oumn nov TTEpmonlKWV A81lva'lKWV _ TTnOlWV, Ka8w~ Boutouonv om vepu xm E~EPXOVtaV TTanl oorpcrprepu one XnWJ,lE~ aKtlVE~ tll~ ~En~vll~.

AvawnlKa aTTO to vnot l\la~, nrtevnvn aTTO to onpepwo HpaKnElO tll~ I<P~tll~, aaTTpl~OUV ro rtnvur aTTO tu TTOnEJ,llKa nftotn tWV A81lvalWV, tWV Alvumlwv Kat tWV annwv aUJ,lJ,laxov, TTOU xnprepouv rnv avawn~ tOU ~nLOu, vur va OPJ,l~oouv J,lE Ev8EIl uovln oro TTnola tWV Atnavnavwv. Ertnvto ljJllna otov oupuvo tWV Enn~vwv, avap(8J,lllta norepur tPUTTOUV tOV uonuevio oupuvo. Hvm 0 oupuvoc tWV VlWV tWV SEWV. Evnc oupuvoc TTOU OJ,lOla~El J,lE aKOtElVO atEcpavl KEVtllJ,lEVO J,lE CPWta, Ennvro oro lEPO opec 'lOll aJ,llYOUV to J,lEyanoTTpETTO TTEta\1.la tOU~ Ol nerot Kat rn YEpaKla. H vuxrn

12

AVtOT/K KE:paJ1uoa~

exetvn slxs Kan 10 olOqlOpEnKo, 10 anOKOOIlO, VUXW unoBnllnKOu uuornplou. 'Onll 11 OUpaVlO nurr] ouoptpur OEV oqietrterm 1l0VOV 0111 qJEyyaponOU011l VUXW, anna Kat om tpln tspnonu OlOcr11l1l0nnOla lOU rEiplOU Kat 11l~ AvopoIleoa~ nou rtnpnxoftouflouv nc noooncfleiec nov natOlWv 10U~, 10U~ qJwlo061E~ Kat ~W0061E~ 11l~ otxouuevnc, EI\I\HNEr. 01 Beol DE Sa nupouv uepoc ornv cvnuevouevn ouvxpoucq IlEW~U lWV MEcrOYElaKWV Kat Alnavnavwv, EnE 1- O~ yvwpi~ouv ~Oll on 11 xtopu lOU OKEavou nou euoloxetm e~w ana nc otrutsc lOU Hpcxftscuc, rrvssi W noicrSlO.

Tnv wpa nou apxi~El 11 OI~Yllcr~ 1l0U, 11 onoln cnotsftsl Ilia rtpocnnflsm uvunupuotuescoc, avmonlKa 11l~ vrioou l'1ia~ (nou 101E riruv IlEyanulEPIl) ~Exwpi~El svcc IlEyano~ crK01ElVO~ OYKO~. Hvm 0 otorlor; lWV ueooveicxov nawv, nou sxouv W~ YEVIKO apxllYo lOU~ ASllvaiou~, curouc nou npoepxovtm ana W cotpc, onoic YEvlKa 01\01 01 'EnnllvE~, Kat slvm 01 anllSlvoi uiol lWV Kanwv SEWV.

01 rHnavlE~ slxuv aYKupoBon~crEl otov Konno 11l~ onIlEPlV~~ rouoa~ lWV Xaviwv Kat nepluevnv IlE 111 crElpa lOU~ va ~IlIlEpWcrEI.

Til vuxtn uutn, Ol rHnavlE~ sivm mo npoosxnxol, sneio~ ana 11lV nponvouusvn, etxe nnprrrnpnflst eva tspuono crUVVEqJO nou KanumE onll 11lV avalOnlK~ KP~lll. H unto aUl~ 10U~ KavEl va xmpomurtcxtouv oinna ana nc xourrcU1e~ Kat sxouv srouiouc lOU~ nupoouc va lOU~ uvuurouv, WcrlE va owcrouv 10 cruvSlllla os orto W utftnvnnvn rrdolu va onsuoouv ylO svloxuon.

01 AlnavlE~ mpouool, slvm onrucuevoi IlE xovttipur, IlEyana 10~a, mcpsrpec veuctec Benll, llaKpua nnana one-

13

ATAaVTi~ - To MUOTIKO TWV MUOTKWV

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Sla Kat IlEplKa anna onftrr IlE napa~Evll eurpnvion, W onoln ollola~ouv IlE crwn~vE~ Kat EKlO~EUOUV qJwna IlE 1l1Kpe~ IlE1OnnlKe~ IlnannE~ Ila~i, anna niyOl 1l0VO ana curouc ~epouv va W xpnouiorroiouv ornv evtsftem. Tnv KawcrKEu~ aU1WV lWV onftrov, lOU~ 11lV ellaSav 01 KUPlOi lOU~, 01 'EnnllvE~, 01 onoloi elvrn nope Bcvnouim ExSpoi lOU~ Kat IlE 11lV avalOn~ lOU ~nlou Sa nonsunoouv lOU~ annolE EUEPyelE~ lWV.

01 ATI\ANTEr sxouv encvcotmrioet, em' 010U svourccv moe 01 SEoi lWV Enn~vwv nvexopnouv 118 10 IlEyana «mtnusvo aPllala» lOU~ nou ellolO~av 118 menewec acrnioE~ vur lOV oupcvo. Ilioreunrv moe EqJ' ooov OloaxSIlKav ana 10U~ 'EnnllvE~ ana 10 llucrnKa 11l~ ~w~~, elvm ce Secrll va 10U~ nortsuncouv, Kat cmou lOU~ unofioufuocouv, va KawKl~oouv Kat 10U~ unoftoutouc naou~ 11l~ MEcrOYEiou, 10U~ onotouc 10U~ SEWPOUV W~ allEnlllea nooornrc.

ENTOr lOU IlEyanulEpou nftolou lWV AlnavlWv, oe Ilia aiSoucra, 10 xpuou KaVlllneplO oxopnouv ortovupn 10 lPEuouruuoro qJW~ lOU~. Mecra ana eva xpuooorofuoro rpinofio Byaivouv avaSulllacrEl~ ana IlUpWOlKa nou xnlvs. Emrvto one qJapole~ nEiE~ ouvtoec 11l~ aiBoucra~ slvm annwileva xpuooxevrnrc xanla. Onoyupa entivro orouc tolxouc qJavla~ouv crlOniola ana ~uno eBEvo, ana nonunllE~ netpsc Kat EnEqJavl60ovlO. H Kupla stoofioc elvrn Kanuw Ilevll IlE BapEla nlva nnpunenroumn.

MEplKe~ crKnaBE~, KaStcrllevE~ oro yovala 10U~, nspuievouv mwnllne~ nc olOwye~ lOU Bamnea lWV AlnavlWv. 0 Bccutsuc 11l~ Alnav1ioo~ KaSEwl oe eva Bpovo, Kpma oro XEPI lOU evnv xanKlvo oqn, EVW 0 rrloto rolxoc an81Kovi~El

14

Avtarl]~ K£paJ1uoa~

TOV aOU;plGIlO TOU 'OcpEWe; Kat iHvo rno XaWlna anElKOVI~Etm 0 corspiouoc rnc fleptotepnc. Ta xapaKUIPlGnKa TOU ATnavnavou BamnEwe;, EIVat unulour, ornoc Kat onwv TWV Mo KaKWv nawv HIe; ATnaVTlOOe; TOU 'OcpEWe; Kat tr1e; lleprorepnc. 10 Ilannla TOU EIVat llaUPOKOKKlva, IlIlUTIl TOU vcutlJ~, 10 urmo TOU KaTallaupa Kat EnacppWe; OXlOTa, TO Mpuo TOU OKOUpO.

Mia ana nc oKnaBEe; VUPOCPEPVEl TOV BamnEa, BEnovtrrc xrrn va rou net, anna OlGta~El. TOtE, 0 vcuopxoc rou rrrftnvncvou otoftou, tnv npotpsnet va Illn~OEl, anna 11 oKnaBa nou aV~KEl OE ilia an nil cpun~ tile; AtnavtlOOe; EIVat OlGmKnK~.

«MlnIlOE OE IlEVa, Kl EVW Ba IlEmBlBaow 10 novLO oou OTOV xuplnpxo rou KOOIlOU», Tile; elrrs svflnppuvtucc 0 vnuupxoc,

H oKnaBa EBvanE ana tov KOPCPO Tile; to OEPlla EVOe; CPlOLOU, Kat etne IlE rpsuuuevn cpwv~ Kat to BnEIllla xallllnwIlEVO «'Onwe; TO Mplla rou oqietoc, E~~nBE avwouva ana to otouu 1l0U, erm Kat rouroc 0 crortoc Ba E~EnBEl avwouva nrro tnv npw"(v~ Ilaxll».

o BamnEue; tile; AtnavTlOOe; Ila~l IlE TO vuuupxo TOU xcuovefluccv EUXaplGtIlIlEVOl, EVW 11 oKnaBa nou stxe ncvrc to BnEIllla xallllnwllEvo, stne «0 Mavoe;, KUPlE tile; Vile;, ElVat an' E~W Kat nepiusvsr to KanEolla oou».

«<PEP' tov usee», npoom~E 0 vnuopxoc.

Evtoc onlVou, Evae; avopae; cnpoooroounnc IlnlKlae;, EVOEOUIlEVOe; om nEuKa, ElG~nBE IlE avanacppo Brjun otnv BamnlK~ alBouoa. Acpou rrpooxuvnos IlE rtpoorromto oEBa-

15

AT"aVTi~ - To MUOTIKO TWV MUOTKWV

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0110, tpaBIl~E E~W ana to llaUpOOaKKO nou KpaTOUOE, svnv IlEtannlKO OIOKO KanUllllEvo IlE ~EpallEvll ntoon. Ensue EPPl~E ertdvto otq BpaKa nou BplGKOmV OTO rptnofio BUIlLO"(~Pl, IlEplKa apwllanKa cpUta tile; Atnav"(looe;, Kat npxros va rtspvd apva ncvro ana nc IlUpWOlKEe; avaBulllaoEle; TO OIOKO, owououpuoupkovtcc ilia 1l0VOTOVll tlJanllwOla. Kcrornv nrtnotcoe IlE rpouo tov BamnEa, IlE rnv avwvla ~wvpuqnousvn oro rrpootorto tOU, xm navlKoBnlltOe; nnpe TO XEPl tou IlVEIlOVa, EVW mutoxpovn OUVEXl~E va E~Eta~El npoosxnxu tnv uuupn emrpuvsm TOU oloKou tOU olxwe; va oruuntn to 1l0VOTOVO 1l0UPllOUPlltO tou. IacpvlKa OIlWe; ouonnos.

Ta xapaKtllPlonKa tOU rrpocomou tOU ouonnornxuv, 10 xnorcvn ucnn tOU OKOtEIVLOoav, Kat npxroe va nEEl cxnBOpLOtEe; nE~Ele;. 0 avBpwnoe; curoc, Kmavomv ana tnv AvniHa, ilia nnetpo nou BplGKOmV vonoounxrr tile; Atnavrlooc, Htuv npxtepeuc oro IlEvanO EKEIVO vnoi, Kl EcpBaOE otnv Atnavtloa IlE Eva nrtolo. H Avnnla etxe xutuctpctpel, anna otuv 0 muxoc AvnnlavOe; EcpBaoE ornv Atnav"(loa, EVlVE aIlEOWe; to nuouevo npocemo tile; nnetpou, novw tou on rituv orrovovoc tWV rtptotcov Enn~vwv nnotstov, Kat ern nitenv, 11 vsn TOU rtntplfin rittrv uno rnv uueon enlBnEtlJll tOu "aou tou Alvalou. 'OIlWe;, IlEplKa xpovur cpvoreoc, Ol AtnavtEe; Ol onoloi riccv ncvorreputn avBpwnwv nou KaBoOllvouvmv nrto ilia atOXP~ Kat EnEElv~ cpun~, rnv cpun~ rou Orpstoc, EOlw~av IlE unouno tpono TOUe; onovovouc tou BamnEWe; Oupnvou Kat nOOElOWVOe;, 'EnnIlVEe; IlE anOtEnEolla 0 ucvtnc Kat opxrepecc tile; Avnnlae; va VIVEl avunOnllntOe; Kat va rrsoei OE OUOIlEVELO. Tov erpspcv ropn

16

AVtOTf]<; Kcpal1uoa<;

Ila~l lOU~ Kat lOV stxuv os eva nftoto. a vnuupxoc OIlW~ tOU unooxe31lKe Ilevailll allolB~, ontoc snlonc Kat IlEvaila a~lWllata, av eileve euxnoiorc veo orov Bamilla.

Me uur cnosoopn qJwv~, ocv va rituv nrro xunoto ov eoorepo, 0 eililllvlK~~ KataVWV~~ iepeuc tile: Avnillae:, slrts:

«H 8ea H30vOll (A3Ilva) elver uopu 3ullwllevll .... Brr eil- 3el olnila oou, ailila eou oev Bn rnv oele:. Tnv Kailumouv tn ouvvemo nou e~epxovtat ana tnv Eileuolva xm urto rnv 'lOll. Auta ro ouvvemn oou KoBouv to OPOIlO oou, 0 Atilav, uie lOU Oqisroc, e~attia~ curou tOU ~oqJou xnvsic til 06~a Kat tnv EUVOla oilwv nov 8ewv tll~ 'lila Tlxr (tile: Eililaooe:)1. H Vll os oe 3eilel, enelo~ Ol npovovot cou nripnv xrmore ue 06ilo oilll tnv evspveur tnc ana rnv rineipo tnc Mou Kat tile:

Avnrttnc, Kat rtopn sou nulpveic tnv evepvsur tile: Atilavtiooc., 11 rirru os aVKailla~el... 11 nuilll tile: viKIle: Kilelvel eunpoc oou, Ta rsxvn tOU felplou Kat tile: AvopollEOae: os nepuievouv ornv auil~ roue, orrou Kl sxsl Bn oe VlK~OOUV. Yotspu oe aKoilou30uv ... nspvouv til 3ailaooa ... Bilenw va Ba~ouv qJwna Kat va xulvs to Ilevailo VIlOl... Ol KatOlKOI lOU oev os uvnnouv, enelo~ oe Bstopouv uneufluvo vur oila tn oelVa nou uneotnouv ana to eVKilllllanKo qJepmllo tOU ilaou oou, qJepvovtae: tnv KatamWoll Gilll~ tile: Atilavtlooe: ... ».

ftallata onotoun rpouoxpumusvoc.

1 II\A-TIKI. H npdrrn rlE~lC; Ol1nOI rov ~nIO, to QlWtelvo. To oelltepo cruv3enKo npoepxstm ana 1:0 «tlxtto». 'Onwc; nelle, 0 avo pac; ve»: va Kat 11 vuvolxu tlxtei.

ATAaVTi<; - To MUOTIKO TWV MUOTKWV

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17

«Mlillloe, Olata~el 0 Bamillae:, nBrtsrrsrc aKOlla;» «Tinote Kupm, cncvrrr 0 ucvrnc, rn KUllata rnc 3ailaoone Kat Ol qJilovee: ue rurprltovouv, oev Bilenw rtnoto ... 1l0VO KUllata Kat rnv Bcolinccn tWV A31lvalwv, H30vOll onv va 3plaIlBoilovel».

«Kat 0 ilao~ 1l0U; a ilaoe: tOU Dtpsorc;» pternoe 0 Bamilla~.

«'OilOl Ol Bsol aOlaqJopouv, xrn..».

To npootono tOU BamilE:we: rmpuuopmoverm ana 1l100e:

Kat oPV~. Hvm os E:~aililll KataOtaOll, xm apna~el evn OKaillOtO ~uilo nou 11 aKPIl lOU elvm tuillVIlE:VIl uson oe eve KOKKlVO urpuouc, Kat xtunn 11' ouro eva lletailillKo xm notpctptspo «VKOVK». fe illVo napouma~ovtat otnv elcooo rrsvrs nofteurorac.

«~wote tOU oupcvru xtumunrru ue to ucorlvro ornv nilatll cutov tov npo06tll, nou toillllloe va net moe 0 ilao~ uou 3a Ilttll3el uno tov ilao tile: H30vOIl~ (3eae: A3llvad. Meta neta~te rov otnv 3ailaooa».

al nortsuurtsc, OPIlOUV Kat apna~ouv Blmn tOV nruxo repea tile: xuusvnc Avnilla~. Km tote, 0 cvrpcc exetvoc vupl~el npoc tOV BamilE:a rnc Atilavtiooe:, xm us Bnvnouro 11[ooc tOU ileel:

«Anile crperspurtri, oev oou tn etnn Gila. 8a nilllPwoele: tn eVKil~llata oou, nou npoxnfteorrv tnv Il~VlV tWV 3ewv rou Kuvo~ Kat tll~ Avopolleoa~. Tnv auv~ rtpiv Bvel 0 ~ilLOe:, ~Oll 0 i\aoe: tll~ 8ea~ H30vOIl~ 3a ce ouvtptuiei, Kl uorspu Sa OE KuvIlV~OOUV w~ rnv Mevailll Ilofursln oou, 11 onoto Bn KatanovnotEI IlE:OaOE eva IlIlEPOVUKtO».

18 AvtOT'1<; Kcpapuoa<;

o 8aGlnea~ tWV Atnavnavwv tropn, l:Ucpno~ ana UIV opvn '(QU, npOOta~El '(QU~ mpoupouc vm ulu XElPOtEPIl nuoiplrr, anna exelvn til onvun, aKOuOtllKE ).1ia KouKou8aYla vo Kpa~El rpeic rpopec. Tpounvusvoc 0 vuucpxoc snsos ow nofila '(QU 8aGlnew~ neyovw~ lKEtEUnKa

«'OXl KUPlE ).10U, ).111 '(Q KavEl~ auto. Aurrrioou '(QV nao oou., ).111 XElPOl:EPEUEl~ '(Q ypacpto cou., ).1 11 v npoxnrlelc tOU~ 8EOU~ tWV ExBpwv».

Bousoc, opYlO).1eVO~, 0 8aGlnEU~ tll~ Atnavtlfio~, fiEV aKouYE rtnots run. KapCPwoE '(Q 8ne).1).1a '(QU O'(QV unvtn Kat npoow~E vo tov uuonvooouv Kl uotspn vo '(QU KO$OUV tu xspin Kat va rov nEta~OUv ern Banaooa.

ME Bunorqrc Ol CPPouPOi apna~av '(QV rspen xm ronoBetnonv to xspur '(QU ornv KounaOtrl. Evcc nenEKu~ fileOXlOE '(QV csptr Kat 600 KO).1).1eVa xspur erteonv otn Banaooa. Kat tors cxouctnxe vur ).1ia aKO).11l cpopa 11 KOUKOU- 8aYla. Ol utuxoc 'Ennllva~ U$WOE to 8ne).1).1a '(QU npoc '(QV oupuvo Kat slrts otnv ).1aYlKrl ynwooa tWV Ortuuntrov BEWV.

«EK f<PAfK A8HNH»! (l\a).1nEPrl ABllva).

npOAorOI

n onnoi ouvvputpstc rrvntpepouv ow 8l8nia roue on sxouv ypacpEi vupto ow 5000 BlBnia Yla rqv Atnavtifia. fuvEnw~ npoxerrm vur eva YEYOVO~ to onolo vonreusr xm EVl:UnWGla~El ow encxpov.

'O).1W~!...

Ano tn 300 BlBnia rrou exto ).1EnEtrlOEl vur rnv Atnavtlfia, fiuol:Uxw~ Kat W 300 nneKouv '(Q EYKW).1l0 tWV Atnavnov, EVW '(QU~ 'EnnllvE~ '(QU~ cvvoouv oKavfianwfiw~ xropi~ vn xputouv Ta npooxriuutu.

fuvrlBw~ Ol ouvvpacpEi~ xnvouv KanOla «w~ifila» ).1E rnv neva tOU~, apxi~ovw~ ana tnv A).1EPlKrl «m OUYKEKpl).1eVa ana rnv rrepioxri nov lvrat; tWV Maytac:, tWV A<'rsKcuv. Kntornv Ol ouvvpnrpetc Kavouv uro «mrion» npoc tnv MeaovetO, Kavouv urn creon ornv Aiyurrro, rnv EYKW).1la~Ouv, ucrepc Ba~ouv nopetn npoc tnv Msal1 Avaronrj, oruuntouv otnv BaBunwva, cvcmepouv vur '(QV «noitmouo» rnc, ustn nnvnlvouv ornv Xanfiaia, rnv xwpa tll~ ).1aYEia~ xm tll~ atOXPOtlltO~, Kat cmou tnv snmvouv Kl curriv, rsftoc Kavouv ).1EplKa w~lfiaKla one annE~ neptoxec tll~ MEoonow).1[a~, orrou tll~ nneKOuv Kat nurse to EYKW).1l0, O'(Q teno~ xmnnrlYouv OtO - upxulo - laparjn Kat apxi~ouv vn E~U).1VOUV '(QV MwOOrl Kat '(QU~ «npomrirec», '(QV firlBEV ).1Eyano nofunouo

20

AvtaTlj~ KE:paJluoa~

nov E8pa(wv Kl uotspu emorperpouv nerovrcc rrtrvto ana W 80PEW napaiha nl~ ACPPlK~~, O(XW~ va ~avacpEp30uv otnv Eflflaoa, xmptc Teflo~ nnvnov va Kavouv tnv rmpmnKP~ vU~1l vur tnv xtopn nou ecoce tnv av3pwnoTllw ...

AnavTE~ flllullOVOUV UKon(IlW~ W floyw rou AlYUTTr{ou ieoeiac inc [alooe; nou slrts uWV roflwva: «[THN EllIlALlA EfENNH8H TO oPA/OTEPON KA/ EVfENE[TEPON fENO[ TON AN8PonON»!

Avacpepouv tov Iliuittava 1l0VOV oWV roue ouurpepet, aflfla sxouv navTEfl~ cvvour vur to YEYOVO~ on 0 AUJxufloe; nou e~1l0E rno rtpiv ana tov nflaTwva, eypalJ,JE vur TIlV ATflavdoa.

OUOEl~ E~ nutrcv YVWp(~El rn tou nflaTwvo~. 'Exouv noVTEfl~ cvvom vur ro YEYOVO~ on 0 3E'iKO~ cplflouocpo~ Ei'la- 8E uepoc uWU~ OflujJTTlaKOUe; AyciJvee; xm on nrips uepoc oro Eiteucivu: Muortjpta.

MEplKe~ mopec cvcmspovtm UWV Koavtoo« Kat uWV npoKflo, aflfla OUTE Kav Ol€UKplV(~OUV noic Ol DUO nutol riouv EAAHNEL.

<PuUlKa, oudenors ow8auallE yw tov nuvnpxmo noftmUIlO. TWV Eflfl~vwv. OUTE ow8auallE note uE KanOlo 8l8fl(0 vm nc noflElllKe~ ixuvorntec TWV Eflfl~vwv. OnOTE, W~ npoc tnv neplrruoon vevvntm Eufloya eva epdnnuc: EqJ' ooov 01 Jhflavree; eixav svav aouYKplro TToflmojJo Kat svav UTTSPOXO otoaio, ytari rors utteotnoav E8N/KO Ll/A[VPMO aTTO roue; 'Eflfll1vee;;

Kat OEV etvm 1l0VO aUTO, Ol 'EflflIlVE~ roue KaTeuTpElJ,Jav Kat roue E~acpavlUav ana rtpootortou Yll~. Errpnfuv KaT' au-

ATAaVTi~ - To MUGTlKO TWV MUaTKWV

21

TOV WV TpOnO floyw TOU on enpEnE va npocpufla~ouv OAOKAHPH TIlV av3pwnoTllw. Kat W KaTacpEpav!

MEplKO( av3pwnOl nou elxnv IlEyaflll avaYKIl ana 1l3lK~ ixnvorrotnon, eruxe va exouv IlEyaflll olKOVOlllK~ smmnVEW IlE crroterteouc va sxouv olaKa~ n030 va vtvouv olaonuoi. Miu3woav 6UTE~ Kat EmUT~1l0VE~ Kat cpxronv va Kavouv epeuvsc UWV 8u30 wu ATflavnKou Ilxstrvou, AvaKartuumv KioVE~ Kat aflfla cvnxetuevc oflo·iow onw~ nutn TIl~ Eflflaoo~ nou 11 KaTEuTllllevll upxmortovtn lUxupi~EWl nw~ elvm -anfla- TIl~ ... npo·iUwplK~~ erroxric.

Auwi dotrrov Ol epeuvnrsc vpnmouv 8l8flia os AIlEPlKavo-E8pa·iKou~ EKoonKou~ OiKOU~ Kat Kpu80uv rnv unnp~Il eupruumov. AflflwUTE, OEV Bn rrperrei va Ila~ OWCPEUYEl to YEYOVO~ on 0 «noflu~» Kouoro 8P~KE Kat IlW ocppayioa uTOV ATnavnKO 11 onoto rirnv aKpl8w~ ouour IlE nutriv nou 8pe31lKE UW ftavvlma TIl~ nEIlIlAr.

rUYKEKpllleva, UW Teflll <PE8pouapiou rou 2002 8pe3W KE urn ucppayioa ore furvvrrori IlE efl-fll1-vl-Ko-ra-ra ypaw uurn. Mw ucppayioa 11 onoia riruv ncvouoionmn IlE nurriv rou Kouoro, ManlUw, Ol ECPIlIlEpioE~ TIl~ Eflnaoa~ (ElolKa TO «E8NOr») eypalJ,Jav cuurptovu IlE cure nou o~flwuav Ol apxalOfloyOl, on: 11 ypaqJl] eivat tnt; 511e; xiiuetia« TT.X. TIlV EnollEvllllllepa Ol EflflllvlKe~ ECPIlIlEpioE~ (OXl OflE~) evonurov ern «lJjlna» on 11 ypacp~ elvm TIl~ fill~ xlnlETia~ rt.X, Evw TIlV tplrn nuepo OllllooiEuuav noc rtpoxsmn viu oroqnn EflflllvlK~ ypacp~ TIl~ 71l~ xlnl€da~ n.X. Isrcprn nuspc QEV un~p~E. Yrtripxe aKpav rou nnpou ouonri.

Errv aUTO nvorrnrot AvayvwUTE~ uUVe8atvE OE aflflll xw-

22

AvtaT"'~ K£paJluoa~

pa 8a 81xaJ,18 08lOJ,10 rrnvro ana 50 Plxrep ... Ev LO(HOl~, 80W OU1V Ennaoa MAr anoOlwn~8IlK8.

Auto rtou f:ypalj.Ja nspl 50 P1Xt8P 08V sivrn un8pBon~.

Lllon Ol Iepuavoi Bp~Kav eva xuprpl ana tnv PWJ,1a·(K~ srroX~ Kat OLO 01lJ,1810 8K81VO sxnocv Mou0810!

llepcv onwv cuuov, 0 OlaOIlJ.10~ rKOLO~ 1l80nOlO~ rov KOV8PU 0J,10noY1l08 moe Ol rKOLOl slvm cnovovor Enn~vwv J,1la~ J.1aKplV~~ enoxric, 8VW nnvro ana rnv rKOtla urmoxei svn vnot nou OV0J.1a~8tal MUKtjvec;!

Kat 81Vat an~88la!. .. BOP8lO tll~ rKOtla~ unrrpxei to vnol MUK~V8~. Ta eupruurrc OJ.1W~ 08V elvm tOU 1500 n.X. anna rnc 101l~ xuuerloc rtpo me Y8VV~08W~ LOU Inoou. To 10tO aKplBw~ oUJ.1Balv8l Kat J.1E tn supnuutu tWV lurvvuorov otnv lheptn. !Onw~ to 10lO errtonc oUJ,1Balv8l Kat J.18 LO rtmoJ,1810 nanl ornv lhepln. rUYK8KplJ,1f:Va, otnv nepioxri «EsVtOUKl» tWV Ihspkov, 0 ernoxemnc Bnf:n8l f:K8aJ.1Bo~ rerocvovrouevo KOJ.1J,1ana unpudpou, anna Kat KloV8~ (KOnwv8~) tepuorlev olaOtau8wv. Evnc roull06~ opxmonovoc; J.18ta ana 8KtEtaJ.1f:V8~ f:P8UV8~ anf:08l~8 J.1E aOlau8luta OtOlX81a on to naLOJ,1810 elvm rnc 101l~ xuuettcc n.X. Kat J.1anlOta EYKat8n8lJ,1f:VO ~aqlVlKa ...

'Dna rn uvcorepto 01 AJ.18plKavol Kat Eupomulot ouvvpcqlEl~ ru avvoouv oxonunoc Kat npxouvtm cue upxolsc 8p8mWJ.1f:V8~ non8l~ rnc Mf:ull~ AvaLOn~~. A~ J,1a~ nouve OJ.1W~ nore Ktl081lKav tn rtprotn 88J.1f:nla tOU llnpflevtovoc:

Ll8V LOnJ,10uv 8n8lo~ 08V LOU~ 8vOlaglf:p8l Kat nponcvnoc 08V tOU~ OUJ.1qlf:P8l va Y1V8l vvooro oro nftnru KOlVO on 11 A8~va umtorurm 80W Kat OW08Ka Xlnla08~ xpovur,

Ertl rrfleov:

ATAaVTi~ - To MuaTIK6 TWV MuaTKWV

23

Kav81~ ana outouc roue ouyypaql81~ 08V yvwPl~El vur HIV nprotn A8~va nou 8UP10K8tO one aKtf:~ tll~ Kwna"foo~, anna J,18ta tOV xnrcnovnouo tll~ aJ,1aptwn~~ vrioou - ATI\ANTlr -, Ka8w~ tpaVtaX81lK8 onoKnllPIl 11 Yll, f:YlV8 f:va~ 00- nOqlOVlKO~ 08l0J.10~ J,18yanll~ olapK8la~ J,1E unorefteoun va xutrmovnoflet Kat 11 nonl~ nov A8llvwv. TOt8, 11 Bcouuoon A 81] VG, nrips LOU~ 8Van0J,1E1VaVt8~ A8llvalou~ xm roue 00~Y1l08 otnv AKpav-n6i11 (= AKpononl~).

Anna:

Ol av8pwnol nutol J,18 tnv OlKOVOJ,1lK~ suotoorln nou apeoxovrm OtOV tlrfto lOU ouyypaqlf:w~ tn nvvoouv OI\A cum, Olon cnftoucrutu, etvm 8P8UVlltf:~ KaK~~ nouirnroc xm KUPlw~ J.1LUf:nnllvS~ cmou nonnol uno ourouc nnllPwvovtal aopa vio va annolwvouV rn npaYJ,1anKa lOtOplKa Y8YOVOta.

EKtO~ tourou, uncpxouv Kat 8K81VOl or ouyypaql81~ Ol ortolor ola8f:tOuv yvw08l~ oxoprnec nou npoKanouv tov yenwta aKOJ,11l Kal 08 J,1lKpa nalOla.

VnapX8l Kat J,11a annll oJ,1aoa uuyypaqlf:wv '1 orrolo unoOtllPl~8l moe 11 npaYJ.1anK~ Atnavtloa elvm 11 v~oo~ Btjpa, 8n8l0~ tnv Beteptn nurn aVf:mU~E 0 Inoooc Map I VGroC;. LllaBa~oUJ,18 nomov 08 J,18PlKf:~ 8ql'1J.18p108~ moe npnvutm 11 Betopln nutn umtctcrm. To 10lo olaBa~oUJ.18 Kat 08 rrepioOlKa, orrou Bnf:nOUJ.18 va XP'10lJ.10nOtOuv onouoctc 8mX8loriuorc, Olxw~ coorcoo va urrnpxst oxornuotntn.

rtOu~ lOXUpOU~ tll~ AJ,18PlK~~ - nou '1 Kataywy~ roue 8iVat nrto tnv Mf:OIl AvaLOn~ - OUJ,1qlf:P8l va KUKnOqlop8i J,1la terorc 88wpia, aqlOu Bp~Kav J,1anlOta uro annll 88wpia: or Kp~tE~ riocv anOlKol t'1~ 8~pa~, anna Ol KP~t8~ 08V rioov 'Enn'1v8~ ...

24

AVtOT'1t; K£pallu{5at;

Otnv 0 f. Maplvcn:o~ avnfl~qJ8llK8 tnv YKaqJa lOU, o~flW08 moe olenpa~8 fla80~. MafllOw, Ilia nuspu 8Up(OK8lO am xelrtoc evoc vxpeuou, aflfla xtmoror; lOV eonpw~e am xevo. Einav on yflUOlp108 8~alda~ lll~ Bpoxru; nou npony~8IlKe. Aflfla avec cpxmortovoc oev exei avaYKIl va Bps- 88( ce KanOlo ULlJWlla vur va oel nc spvnolsc. nepav curou, urtripxnv nnorunoucro unodnurmov one flaon8~ Kat ana osutspo npooomo, yeyovo~ lo onolo anooelKvuel on npony~8llKe naflll npw tnv oortotpovlu ...

E~aflflou 0 AlOxuflo~, 0 nflalwv Kat aflflOl 'EflflIlV8~ 00- mot oleuKplv(~OUV on 11 vriooc Alflavd~ euplossto e~w ano nc HpaKilelec; Irrjilec;. Enouevorc vurri va unv moreuiouue lOU~ nyavle~ tou llveuuutoc, nurouc roue suosuetc Kat evnoerouc emotnuovsc Kat va motsurouus roue elllllo80u~ unaflfl~flou~ lOU xmsornuevou,

Vn~p~av ueptxot ouvvocmetc nou exouv am eveovnnxo roue BlBfl(a ue 8ellaw Eflflllvoua(a~ oro onolo cvcmepoVWl neplflllntlKa Kat otnv Alflrivtloa. Ilposenm ylO fllYOotouc ouyypaqJe(~ uutou rou eloouc Ol orrotoi oev ypaqiouv oxomun unep lWV xwpwv me Meall~ Avmofl~~. Aflfla unocrnokouv on 11 Alflavl(oa rituv EflflllVlK~ urroudu, Kat on 0 n6flello~ Ilew~u Eflfl~vwv Kat Alflavlwv rrrov evnc ellqJUfllo~. Ilpnvunn errpoxsrro vur tun eflflllvlK~ unoudc, npaVlla nou onuulvet on 11 Alflavtloa exnroueelro Kat ana 'Eflflllve~, aflfla 8a ~wv ofle8plO oqJafllla va urroornpttro on lo vnot exslvo rircv epeuuouevo Kat KmOlK~8IlKe vin npwIII qJopa ana roue ·Eflflllve~.

Anflw~, 11 Alflavl(oa sxcrouoiro ana olaqJopou~ duouc eK lWV orroltov ~8xwplOe avec flao~ nou upvorspu euews

ATAaVTit; - To MUOTIKO TWV MUOTKWV

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25

yvwalo~ W~ Xafloala. Ol Xailoalol tnc Meall~ AValOfl~~ nouv Ol cnovovor lWV KaKWV tnc AlflaVl(OO~ Kat omnccv orrovovouc npvorspu roue EBpa(ou~!

TeflelWVOVW~, 8a urrevfluutoto on 11 ouvexsur rou nftnlWVlKOU «KPITIAr» etvm eva rtpotpnnxo xetusvo to onoto cvomeperm 08 ofla oon npcxemn va ouullouv am Ileflflov. noflfla sxouv vivst, eueivuv n(ya vur va ofloKflllPw80uv. Euvenroc ana ooo 8a vlvouv 8a etvm ere Bapo~ lWV NeoAlflavlwv (= AlleplKavwv xm Ayyflwv) olon uncpxst Kat 11 noomntelo lOU Opcpewc; ((OpCPIKa», «'VIlVOC; eu; Llrjilov}}, aux. 186-214. K. XalJaTTI1, I. Ilaoea, eKO. «'HilIOC;}}), onou Ol ElOBofle(~ 8a vivouv oKflaBOl rou Anoflflwvo~ «8a eivat 101- KOV 1l0U BpaBelov)}.

L\llflao~, Ol (OlOl KawKlllle~ 8a vivouv oKflaBOl lWV Eflfl~vwv!

fe VOl ro!

EIIArorH

'0 oo ertupuveottrroc Kat av elvm a Avuvvroornc, a UUV-

vpaqJea~ OqJElnEl va avaqJepEl ortouc OUOU~ E:vpaijJav vro T'lV ATnaVTl6a. 0 vpcrptov KaVEl cvumopu UE onou~ l:OU~ 6laU'lj..lOU~ ouvvpurpelc T'l~ upxcuitnroc nou VVWUl:OnOlOUV T'lV Unap~'lT'l~ ATnaVTl60~.

~l:OV « Tiuato» l:OU 8E·(KOU 'Enn'lvo~ qJlnOUOqJOu nnaTWVO~ 6tamuTWVOUj..IE ruor; npOKElTOl vur svn E~alUlO BlBnlO anna BnenOUj..IE UE j..IEplKa UIlI1Ela uur xtmmu aUUVTO~la. ~TO onueto uuni a Ilfurnov xpnmuortoiet svav Kw6lKa nou VlVETat KaTOVO'lTO~ j..IOVOV Ul:OU~ uunuevouc, EKTO~ l:OUl:OU 6lamUTWVOUj..IE Kat Ul:O 6EUTEPO BlBnlO l:OU eRoniac», Ol cvrtnortor TWV Enn~vwvJ Ol f\TnaVTE~ va E:XOUV evuv Bouucmo norunouo.

~UVEnw~:

~l:OV «Ttumo» a 'Enn'lv UOqJO~ nepwpuqier rov aaUYKplro T1oilmall6 rc:uv Eililtjvc:uv, EVW Ul:OV «Kprtln» avaqJE:pEl TOV nonmuj..IO TWV ATnavTWv.

OUTOUOV:

H nEplvpaqJ~ VlVETOl ana evcv OU6E:TEpO. 0 Ou6E:TEPO~ aUTO~ elvtn unepvnpoc, lEPEU~ Kat UOqJO~. 'Dna nutn eixnv W~ qJUUlKO srrtrxortouflo va j..IEnETa OnOTEl:O srnfluuei TO npxstn tnc ~a·(60~. 0 Ou6E:TEPO~ aUTO~ cvopuc, a AlvU-

28

AVtUTf/C; K£papuoac;

rrnoc W~ lI::PEU~ ETTOlleVO eivm va aTTexSaveml tnv Konaxeln. I1Ev Exel xovevu OUllepEPOV va OUlVllSei OtOV ABlJvaio ootp» tOV ~O"ONA xtrn TTOU OEV EYlve. AvnSEtW~, rou nEyel yLO Eva yeyovo~ TTOU OUVE81l 9000 xpoviu TTPlV rnv ETTOX~ rou, Tou avaepEpel snionc yLO tnv teiteux Iloittteia. KOl 11 Iloftrrslu rrutri euptoxero evtoc tll~ Ispt((; XSP(JoVlj(Jou. 0 lEPEU~ tll~ ~a'ioo~ oeixvel va elvm uneprupnvoc yLO rnv ennllvlK~ Kamywy~ rou. KOl OIlW~!... Or ouvvpurpetc to ncpnYKwvi~ouv to YEYOVO~ auto KOl EYKwllla~ouv tOU~ naou~ tll~ AlleplK~~, roue Aivurmouc KOl tOU~ naou~ rnc Aolcc. I1Ev rtpoxsum OIlW~ va nstoouv exelvouc TTOU EXOUV nc nveuuunxec lKavOtllte~ va oLOxwpioouv tnv an~SeLO uno tnv TTnavll·

To Ileyano uuottxo OIlW~ Bploxsnn ueorr orov «Kpnin», OTTOU EKei ueon vivstm to oUIl80unlo tWV Bstov. KOl ornv 0 Zeu~ oUYKanei roue annou~ Seou~, to Keillevo crcuutc orroroun.

o nnatwv OIlW~ oev olEKol.jJe to EPYO rou, I1lon av to olEKome tote eTT' oucevt noyw Sa to ollllooieue. l1ev Sa to e~EoloE. ATTnw~ stxe tOV OKOTTO rou. H ouvexeur tou EPYOU rou UTT~PXE KOl urtrrpxst. ~~Ilepa Bptoxerm ornv Bl8nLOS~KIl rou Bunxnvou anna KOl orov ASw (AyLOv Opoc). ETTione Bptoxenn KOl OE lleplKE~ lOlwnKE~ 8l8nLOS~Ke~. BpiOKEtOl OIlW~ KOl om XEPLO tWV E""HNOrENON Baoxtov!

Euruxoc yLO rov ouvvpurpeu tOU ava xslpnc 8l8f1iou, KaTTolol avSpwTTOl uno rnv Apysvrlvrj Eyyu~SIlKav yLO autOV, ~Exwpa TTOU 0 ypaepwv slxs rrpoodnoeu; OtOU~ BtiOKOU~, KOl tou Eowoav tnv OUVEXELO tOU «Kpttiu».

To 8l8nio 1l0U {{Arilavri6a - To MU(JrKo rwv MU(JrlKclJV»

ATAaVTic; - To MUUTIK6 TWV MUUTKWV

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29

e~E06SIl vur TTPWtll epopa to 1998 KOl eixe OKtW eTTaveKOOOEl~. ~~Ilepa eKoioEtOl vro 911 epopa aTTO tov EKoonKO OiKO «IEPA E""Ah onOKnllPwllEvO ornv evrerteur,

Otnv KatOpSWOEl svuc ernrpnvric cvuvvccctnc va onnost tOV KWOlKa tOU nnatwvo~ OtOV {( Iiuaio» KOl ((Kplrim>, Sa E~aKpl8woel on Ol 'EnnllvE~ UTTETTeoav oe onESpLO oepanllam, OTTW~ Kata tnv OlapKELO tOU TTonEIlOU us roue Atnavte~. Ta naSIl ouvsxtotnxcv IlEXPl rnv EnnllvLUnK~ ETTOX~ KOl 11 EnnllvlK~ epun~ UTTEepEPE tn ncvoewo, ATTO tnv ETTOX~ TTOU ~nSav Ol PWJlaiOI KOl xntexrnouv rnv Ennaoa Ol KatOlKOl tll~ elvm oKna80l IlEXPl nc IlIlEPE~ Ila~.

Na YLOti 0 nnatwv oev e~EBwoe rnv OUVEXELO tOU ((Kplrim>, olon Eyvwpl~e yLO to n IlEnnel yevEoSOl. Q>uUlKa, EYVWPl~E xm yLO rnv ouvexeur rou EnnlJVI ouoc. I1llnao~, Ilonl~ 11 avSpWTTOtllm ELUEnSIl oro ZWOlO rou vtiooxoou, Ol 'Ennllve~ Sa OLOTTpEl.jJOUV TTanl EVW Ol unovovoi tWV Atnavrtov Sa UTTOOtOUV npdnc ESVlKO olaouPllo Kl uotsptr Sa e~aepavLUSouv uno TTPOOWTTOU Yll~.

Auto elvm to oxEBLO tll~ ElllapllEvll~ KOlIl Eumpuevn etVOl E""H-NI~. O~ Ennllvi~ sivm ouvvevric IlE uur annll Seotntu TTOU Kl uutn slvm E""H-NI~. To ovolla tll~ slvm NEMEn~ KOl IJ Neueou; Kpara cia xeoux inc ro BIBnio tnt; xaJlevlJC; (wrjC;! H KaKia. Sa uTTaYEl ere tnv omutpuv tOU Aepaviouou, EVW 0 Ennllvlollo~ Sa aVE8el TTanl otnv KOPUep~ tOU Ilveuucnxou Ortuunou,

I1lon:

H ElllapllEvll - Sa TTPETTEl va to ETTavana80uIlE - eivm oucurootntn: I1llnao~, VOl IlEV elvm to iOLO KOl to auto IlE tnv Moipa anna stvm KOl OUVElPIlO~ ouvatot~twv. AnnWOtE,

30 AvtUTIK K£paJ.luoa~

ueoc orov «KpITia» aVllfla~BavStal 0 ernrpcvnc Avavvworne on to ~E:flflov tOU EfiflIlVLO~OU elvm noovpcuuunouevo ueon oro KOO~lKO kournoursp. Onors sits to 3E:flouv slre OXl, to XSlPOtSPO cnorerteouc VlO tnv EfiflIlVlK~ Qlufl~ 3a SiVOl 11 viKIl·

Eoeuu 'HJ.lap!

AV6aTIJC; KepaJ.lu6ac;

OKtwBplOe; 2003 ~sta rnv VE:VVIlOIl

tOU Anoflflwviou Tucvetoc KOl rou IIlOOU XPLOtou

KE(J)AAAIO A'

rNOMEr APXAION I<AI IvrxPONON IvrrPA(J)EON IlIA THN ATMNTIAA

« H onusprvri nOAH; TWV A8nvolwv riro rrporrn OTOV nOAEJ,Jo KOI ~oKouoTn yw rnv TEAElo oloKuBEpvnon me, EKE! EYIVOV 80UJ,JOOTO EPYO KOI OIOJ,JOPCPW- 8nKE TO KOAUTEPO nOAlTEUJ,JO nou EXOUJ,JE OKOUOTO OTI unnp~E rrdvco am yn».

nAcirwv: « Kpnia; II

H NHIOI TOY nAATONOI

O l reWilOVOl unoornpkouv noic oile~ Ol rineipor riouv svouevec os uln j..lOVa6lK~ xspornn j..la~a, VVWOt~ w~ navva(a (ano uc eilill']vlKe~ ile~el~ nav + rata = 'Dill'] I'] rl']l Ol evrouevsc rirreipm xWp(of:)I']Kav npiv 200 exutcuuopru xpovur, Eto renee tnc nailatO~WlK~~ erroxric I'] navva(a extoplofin os QUO uspn: rtO Nono ruriun me, to onolo cnorsftououv I'] AqJPlK~, I'] Nono~ Aj..leplK~, I'] Iv6la, I'] Auorpnilia, I'] Nea rOUlVea, I'] Ma6avaoKapl'], I'] xepoovnooc rnc MailalG(a~, I'] lvoovnoto K.a. evw to Bopeio tunuo to erroreflououv I'] Eupomn, I'] Bopetoc Aj..leplK~, I'] Atilavtl~, I'] rpOlilav6(a Kat I'] Ao(a.

rtOu~ tefleututouc nsvre alwve~ Ol ouvvpaqJe(~ tslvouv rmvtn oro (6l0 epdnnun: floroi ricov Ol j!\tilavte~ nou avaqJepel 0 nilatwv;

8etouv sroutn rnv epwtl']ol'], Kl uorspn ncpoucmcouv 6Uo 6laqJopenKe~ neptofiouc tl']~ rrpotoroptnc, one onotsc xaf:)I']Kav j..leplKa j..levaila vnoui, omoc I'] Mou ~ Aeuoupln Kat I'] Atilavtl~. flpocrruflouv va rtporroturtncouv 0 Kaf:)eva~ xcopuna, wote va mcvel OtOU~ uvuvvrocrec tOU on slvm evcc epeuvntric nou 6laqJepel ana tOU~ aililou~, Kl evw - 0 xu- 8eva~ - «avaKailumel» us tn voonpri mcvtuotc tOU KanOla xaj..lEVI'] rirrsipo orov Bu80 rou AtilavnKou ~ tOU ElPI']VlKOU

34

Avtor/K Kcpal1u{)ac;

Ilxsnvou, aTO rertoc ouortovel on Il Atnavtioa tOU nnCHwvoc un~p~E, Kat npu OEV slvm lluBo~! ruv~Bw~, Ol EPEUVIlrec aUTOi EKOioouv ru BlBnia tOU~ IlE tOU~ iOLOU~ nnvrn rttftouc, ornoc: «To aivivua inc ArilavrI6oc;», «To uuotnou: tnt; ArilavrI6oc;», «Arilavrl6a IJ xauevn rjTTSIPOC;» K.O.K. Kat EVW, nomov, unotlflsttn on uertstouv tn epvn tOU Bslou nna:rwvo~, ouoei~ e~ nunov aVmpE:pel tn neyolleva tOU atWVOBLOU lepE:W~ tnc raToo~ tll~ Alyumou, KaBw~ rmnpoqiopei TOV ABllvaio ronwva on ornv Ennaoa un~p~e to onouomorspo yE:VO~ nrto KataBon~~ xoouou, crro to onolo Katayetat Kat 0 iOLO~ 0 r6ilwv. Kave(~, nomov, oev cvumspel vur tOV norunouo nou uverrrufuv Ol 'Erlnllve~ TOU crroirurou napenBovTO~, omoc erttonc Kat tOV Bnuunmo - cooYKpno yw tOU~ annou~ naou~ - norunouo tll~ terteurotcc npoxprounvixnc xuueriuc.

En( nnE:ov, ouoe(~ cvnmeper vro tnv CPOVlK~ eLOBon~ tWV Atnavtwv ornv MeaoyeLOv, onou Ol ABllva(Ol (= 'Ennllve~) tOU~ evlxnccv xm tOU~ rmpsoupcv E:W~ tnv Atnavtloa.

Ol ouvxpovoi sosuvnrec ourocnoaurtouvtm «AtnaVTOnoyol», Kat 0 KaBE:va~ tOU~ KataOKeua~el uln ven Bstoptc, evw one~ nc anne~ Bsoiptsc nepi Atnavt(oo~ nc Bewpe( navBaOIlE:Ve~. Ev rouroic, Ol «ootpol» uutol Katan~youv nnvro oro (OLO onuelo, nE:yovta~ ntoc eKtO~ ano tnv nepwpncp~ tOU nnatwvo~ vur tnv xousvn rinstpo, oev urrnpxouv anne~ ndnpoqioplec. Auto oev slvm orooro. 6lon Ileta tOV nnatwva, npxetol 'Ennllve~ E:ypaltJav Yla tnv xcusvn vrioo. Annwate, Ol llovaolKoi avBpwnOl nou ta~(oeltJav E:~W ono nc rt~ne~ TOU HpaKnE:OU~ (= rlBpantap) slvm Ol 'Ennllve~, em' OOOV IlOVOV yl cutouc uncpxouv ucpruotec uno TO

ArAavric; - To MUOTIKO rwv MuorKWV

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35

anclnatO napenBov E:W~ to tE:nll rnc 8' xlnletia~ n.X. AvttBeta, Ol rllllltOcpoivlKe~ ta~(oeltJav Ilonl~ to 1000 rt.X. 6la mum Ol iepetc tWV 6encpwv e~E:owaav cpavepa nnE:ov tnv «06uaasta» Kata tOV 100v cuovc, OUtW~ wate va npoororsuoouv TOU~ 'Ennllve~ Banaaaonopou~ cno nc KaKOtOmE:~ xm nc nay(oe~ nou e~ucpalvav oi rllllltOcpo(vlKe~. Tnv (ow enoxri, OIlW~, E:KaVaV novronopn ta~iow Kal Ol Ennllvocpo(vixsc tnc ME:all~ AvaTOn~~, nap' on Ol neorooorepor slxuv eYKatane(ltJel rnv nanaLOt(vll. E~ annou, Ol rllll(te~ nripuv rnv ovouuotn nutriv ano TOU~ 'Ennllve~ AlyatOKp~te~. (Bil. IlS(IKOV filsu8spoUOaKIJ, IlS(IKOV Etauattixou, IlS(IKOV n. /JopjlTTapaKIJ «at Xprjarou Ilavavuatr; ((01 TTSpIT1SrSISC; rorv f8vIKWV ovouauov»).

Ocov acpopa tOU~ Qlo(vlKe~, o,n yVWp(~oulle Yl' aUtOU~, to yVWp(~oulle nrro tOU~ upxotouc 'Ennllve~ ouvvpumetc. Anna Kat vur tnv Atnavtloa, o,u yvwpi~oulle, to yvwp(~oulle xnpiv nov Enn~vwv!

01 8PV/\01 vur evnv CPOVlKO KataKnUallo, 0 onoloc rirnv Il mtln va e~acpav(oel evcv npOXWPIlIlE:VO nortmouo, elvm KOlVO~ oe onou~ oxe06v tOU~ naou~ nou eixnv npotpoptKE:~ napa06oel~. Ynripxuv, BE:Bata, Kat ro vprmru Ke(lleva nov Enn~vwv, anna ue tOU~ ceiououc, TOU~ xntnrtovnallou~ Kat tnv anno(woll tOU xopou, exaBIl llE:ya IlE:PO~ tWV KelllE:VWV nou cvsqiepuv nept Atnavt(oo~. Yncpxouv OIlW~ lleplKa xeluevn tn onoln stvm KpUIlIlE:Va ce IlUOtlKO xwpo ....

lur tnv Ileyanll vrioo, Il onoia BPlOKOtaV E:~W uno n~ HpaKneLE~ rt~ne~, yvwat~ toe Atnavtl~, 0 nporoc nou avecpepE vpnrrnor; vur tnv unap~~ tnc, ritnv 0 ALOxuno~.

36

AVtUT'IC; Kcpapuoac;

o AplurorSnl7t:; ritnv 0 rrptotor; KamKpll:~~ rnc Al:navTiOO~, nap' on 0 iOlO~ eVPOl.jJE VlO eva ~Evano vnot orov Al:f!avnKo nou Ol KapxllOOvlOl 10 Evvc.iJpl~av Kat 10 ovoun~av Avnnia. Dotooo, cs eva nrro rn xuuevn BlBnia lOU APlororertouc, 0 onouoctoc cutoc llcvernorriprov, ouurprovsl ~E lOV nnal:oova, Kat vpacpEl on urtripxcv rplu ~Evana Vilma EK l:OOV onotrov 10 uvurofuxorspo, OllnaO~ 10 nnllmeorepo npoc nc HpaKnElE~ fl:~nE~ (l:0 rlBpanl:ap) elxs uc iOlE~ neptnou OlOal:aaEl~ ~E tnv flKEnia.

o npoKnot:; (410-485 u.x.), 'Ennllv cplnoaocpo~, 0 onotoc BEOOPEil:Ol coc 0 onucvusorepoc exnpooomoc me aBllva'(K~~ axon~~ l:OU vsormurcoviouou, ~aB~l:EUaE 010 rtrlsupo l:OU cpioroteruxou Ortuumofiopou otnv AnE~avOpEla KOl otov nnoumpx02 KOl fUPlOVO otnv AB~va. 0 npoKno~ svpnure oxorun VlO nonna nnal:OOVlKa epvc, omoc orov dlaoueviol7», « Tiuaio», «AnKIBujol7», «Kparuno» K.a. Enteric, eivm ouvvpuqisuc KOl nonnc.iJv BEooPllnKc.iJv epvoov, ornoc «itoixeicao«; 8eonoYIKrj», «Elt:; tnv Iliuuiavoc Geoitovia», «nepi tnt; ttpovoiac Kat euiapuevnc», KaBc.iJ~ xm noinrnc e~l u~voov OlOnona~evoov uno BaBumlO Bpnoxsunso ouvnlaBIl~a.

o npoKno~, rtourov, EOiOa~E EKl:O~ l:OOV annoov, moe OunKa l:1l~ Euptonnc urtripxnv ~EplKa Vilma, onou Ol Kal:OlKOi l:OOV OlOl:IlPOUaav aKO~1l tnv cvcuvnon uurc ~EvanUl:epa~ vrioou 11 onolo xupmpxoucs xnnore ennvro lOU~, anna sneuu crro ~Evanou~ aElG~OU~ 11 Banaaaa tnv xutmue.

2 tJ.ev npoxemn VIa toy nno(rrapxo, toy npxiepen tWV tJ.en!pwv.

ATAavrfc; - To MUUTIKO TWV MUUTKWV

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37

o KpavfCcJp (6' atc.iJv n.X.) onaoo~ lOU nnal:oovo~, smoxscpBIlKE rnv Aivumo Kal EioE uc Konc.iJvE~ one onotec etxs OWl:IlPIlBEi xcpuvuevn 11 urtopln tnv onoiav nepievpcure 0 nnal:oov.

o Kparl7t:; MannciJrl7t:;, al:OOlKO~ qnrlooomoc l:OU 8' n.X. rnc.iJvo~, 0 onotoc ~Enel:llaE KOl oxorucoe tu epvu lOU O~~pou, unoal:llpi~El on tn nomumo lOU Ounpou exouv annllVOPlKO xupuxrnpn. [(VOl 0 noorroc nou unovpduuioe lOV E~ooKEavla~o lOU Oouccsrcc.

o VIlI7POt:; 0 onotoc VlO nonnou~ speuvnrsc ritov 0 iOlO~ o OOuaaEu~ xm Kal:a ouvsnsurv 0 iOlO~ 0 ouvvpcmeuc l:OOV QUo aBaval:oov Enc.iJv «lituic: xm «OoUuuelQ», uvumepsr ornv «/flujoQ» on «11 'Hpa neVEl orov 6ia: fl:ll~ Bperrrcc Vll~ ta rtsputu Bn naoo va lOc.iJ tn unvu TIlBuv xm rou Ilxsuvou, upxriv l:OOV BEc.iJv onoov». (<inlat:;»: :E 301J. Omv nomov, Bnenouue \l:llv 'Hpa va aXEOla~El VlO eva m~iOl ctov ooKEavo, all~a(vEl on 0 OOuaaEu~ m~iOEua&lEKEi Kat OXl EVl:O~ l:1l~ nEKavll~ l:1l~ MEaoVEiou.

o BOUKtJoiol7t:; (460-400 n.X.J evpal.jJE ro E~~~: «H Banaaon one OpoBlE~ l:1l~ EuBOla~ anol:paB~xBIlKE nrto rnv rote nnpoftln xm EOIl~loupVllaE eva ~Evano Ku~a, ~E crroreftsouu va KanUl.jJEl eva uepoc l:1l~ n6nEoo~. Apvotepc, os OPlouevc cnustc, anol:paB~xBIlKE, anna oe anna onuelu 11 nnll~~upa rituv ~OVl~1l Kat 10 nponvouusvo ~EPO EOacpo~ aKEnaaBIlKE ana tnv Banaaaa. Oom OEV Kal:opBooaav va EUPOUV KamcpuvlO am ul.jJc.iJ~am aneBavav. flcpouoru nflll~~upa eVlvE Kat otnv VEllOVlK~ Amnavl:ll, ~W vrioo al:l~ aKl:e~ n~ Onouvnnc "OKp(OO~ .... »3.

3 Atanavtl1: Iloorteuouou tl1~ errcpxtcc l\oKp(6o~, otov VOlJo Ql3IW-

38

AvturlK KEpapu6ac;

o 8sorrollrrof; (Ll' atwv Tl.X.) m~plvpaqJBl uto ~Bvanll B~WtBPlK~ ~TlBlPO rnv onoto KatOlKOUOaV TlOnnE~ qJUnE~ TlOnBuoxupstc, uln aTlO nc OTlOlB~ BlXB TlpOOTlaS~OBl va xntuKt~OEl tOV TlOnltlO~EVO KOO~O, nurov TlOU BPlOKOtaV BVtO~ tWV HpaKnBlWv ftllnwv.

o 8sorrollrrof; slvm oaqJ~~, Olon uvorpepst vur TlOnB~Oxupelc qJunE~ TlOU KatOlKOuoav otnv ~Bvanll B~WtBPlK~ ~TlBlPO, urto OTlOU Kat B~Op~1l0av (aTlOTlBlpaSlloav) va xntaKt~OOUV tov nOAlTlfMENO KOfMO, Kal 0 KOO~O~ nutoc riruv to APlfTON rENOf, OTlW~ oaqJw~ tOVlOB 0 unepnuovoBLO~ LBPEU~ rnc faToo~ tnc Alvumou TlPO~ tOV fonwva.

o TtllayeVI1f; (Eva~ anno~ 'Ennllv 0 OTlOlO~ E~1l0E tOV A' cuovo Tl.X.) uvuqieper on opxerol ranatE~ enEvav TlW~ KaTlOtE slxcv UTlOGtEl rnv EloBon~ EVO~ nortsuoxupouc naou uno uln vrioo TlOU xnrerrovttofm, xm on ~EPlKOl nrto roue ranatB~ roxuptofinxcv TlW~ Ol Pl~E~ tWV xputoucnv aTlo rnv xa~evll EKElVIl vrioo.

o Arronnoocupof; (B' atwv Tl.X.) uvntpepet eva Tlonu EVOlaqJepov VEVOVO~: «0 Atna~ sm Il nnElOVIl Buvrrrspn tOU OKEavou, elxnv errnr KOPB~ TlOU ovo~a~ovtav nnElaOE~ Kat

n6o~ Kat E6pa 6~llou. H AlOilavtl') nrcv renee e~opia~ vta roue r\'(ilavte~ exelvouc nou eKallav avolle~ npa~et~ ornv Mevaill')v N~crov. Eniol')~, un~p~e I') Atailavtl') Kat w~ ttn0PIKO npoocmo, Suva~Epa tOU Exoweo ~ toU Maivailou nou mpeSI')Ke BpelJlo~ aKOll1') ana tov nurepc rnc oto Bouvn, enel6~ 6letl!euoe nc eilni6e~ tou moe Sa vsvvrotcv VIO~. AvatpalJll')Ke ana tOU~ KUVI')VOU~ Ki apvotepa EVlve aKoilouSo~ rnc ApteIl16o~. Htnv vsvvoto Kat roxutrrtn, ViKI')Oe oilou~ roue 6pollei~, aililli VIK~SI')Ke ana rev lrmousVI'), rov onoiov Kat rov rrcvtpeutnxs. (8n. EYKUKnOTTOioSIO Yop6- YSID!;" tOIlO~ 3, oeil.·284).

39

Ar},avric; - To MuurlK6 rwv MUaTKCiJV

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etxcv VEVVIlSd ere tnv Kunn~vllv me ApKaOla~, rirm: An«uovn. KEnalVW, HneKtpa, ftllPOTlll, TaOvetll xm Mala ... KaTlOtE 0 nOOElOWV TlnaVlaOB ~E QUO cno nc Buvmspec tOU Atnavto~ Kal tnc nnElovll~, nporu ~E tnv KEnatVW, orro tnv onotn aTleKtllOE tOV AUKO, tOV OTlOlOV 0 nOOElOWV tOV eOtElnE va KatOlK~oEl ern ~OVl~OU BaoEw~ ora NIlOla tile:

Eutuxluc, Kal xorornv TlnaVlaOE ~E tnv AnKuovll .. .».

o fjloocupof; ° [IKsnuiJrl1f; (A' alwv Tl.X.) TlapaSetEl tnv totopin tWV Atnavtwv ~E apKEte~ nEmo~epElE~. fUVKEKpl~evw~, avaqJepEl Vla svnv Tl6ilE~O ~E A~a~ovE~ Kal vur svcv nao 0 OTlOlO~ nrnv VVWOtO~ we: Atnavno~. Ol A~a~oVE~, neVEl 0 Lll60wpo~, ~nSav aTlo eva vnot tll~ TPltWVlOO~ TlOU ovo~a~otav EOTlEpla4, nrtnotov rou oxeuvou TlOU TlEPlBannEl tnv VIl Kal to Bouvo EKElVO TlOU Ol 'EnnllvE~ ovouc~ouv Atnavta. H vriooc TPltWVl~ E~aqJavloSIlKE E~ untuc EVO~ lOXUPOU OElO~OU.

To BaolnELO tWV Atnavtwv rrtuv OlalPE~eVO cvuuson oro TlalOla tOU Ouonvou, urro ro onoln to mo vvwota riocv o Atna~ Kat 0 Kpovo~. 0 Atna~ BEndwoE rnv smotrum tnc Aotpoftovtcc, xm ritnv curoc TlOU TlPWtO~ Oloa~E ornv avBptonctntn tnv oqJatPlKOtllta tnc VIl~. (Auto~ rirnv 0 KUPlOtEPO~ novo~ TlOU rtlorsunv Ol annOl TlW~ Il VIl ~ 0 oupnVlO~ S6ilo~ aKOU~TlOUOE orouc W~OU~ tOU AtnavtOd.

o Lll60wpo~ OEV OlEUKPlVl~El vur TlOlOV Oupnvo TlPOKEltal, Olon 0 TlPWtO~ Bnouteuc tOU KOO~OU rirov 0 Oupuvoc, nnrmoc tOU Llla, 0 OTlOlO~ EBaolnEUO& ornv TlOnll tWV EnEU-

4 Eonepia ovolla~OtaV OilOKill')pl') I') alleplKavlK~ nneiooc, 0 'Eilill')v Xpt(HOIJIOpO~ KoilollBo~ ovounoe rnv AlleplK~ os OMHPIKH!

40

AvtUTfK Kcpallul){;rC;

Beptav HIe: lhsptuc, onou rrpxerouc atOOVEe: cpvorepn 10pUBIlKE OXEOOV oro lOIO uspoc to 6iov5.

o 'Ennllv !JlOOCIJpOe; ana tnv flKEniav cvnrpepsrm one:

EUVEvlKee: BUvatepEe: tOU Atnavtoe: nou nuvtpeutnxnv ~E roue mo nEplBolltOue: BamnEie: Kat ~PC.tlEe: tile: Atnavtiooe:. Hoov euepvsnoosc, VEVOVOe: to onolov elxs C.tle: qJumK~ ouverreur va nc nurioouv Ol aVBpC.tlnOl Kat va nc BEU)POUV C.tle: aBaVatEe:.

Kat etvm an~BEta! ... 01 'EnnllvEe: BanaooonopOl uurc ucKPIV~e: srroxric nou ta~lOEuav ornv nnoudn nov, tnv Atnavdoa, nripnv ana tn VEVOVOta nou ouveflnoov EKEi Kat rn OIEOwoav ornv Mlltepa natplOa. 01 'EnnllvEe: vnunxol ricov nurol nou evflpovionv ou~BonlKa orov oupuvo nc BuvatePEe: tOU AtnavtOe: Kat nc ovoucouv nI\EIA6Ef. BEBaiC.tle:, 11 EnnllvlK~ MuBonoYla slvm ypa~~evll ~E KooolKa Kal KpuBEl rn ~EyanUtEpa ~uonKa tOU ouurmvtoc, ru onoto tauti~ovrm ouprmoucnxn ~E ro oupcvur qimvouevu nou ouveBIlouv «Ele: tnv axnuv tile: loroptcc». AnnC.tlOtE, OEV Bn nperrer va ucc OtaqJEUYEl to YEYOVoe: on 0 Betoc nnatC.tlv eypa4JE

5 AvaKailucp31')KE l..Iia rtuvapxmn noille; rtdnotov lOU 6iou. 'Onwe; yvwpi~OUI..IE ana rnv iotoptc, noililee; noilEle; lOU cnotcrou nnpEil3ovtoe; rioav Kata 10 eva tptto unoYElEe; npoc cnomuvnv xntaKiluol..lwv. friI..lEPOV, elvm a6Uvatov va nill')OlaOEl KavEie; 010 otouiov tnc novnpxmor; urrovsmc nMEWe;, EVW tn cpoptl')ya auroxlvqrn uerumepouv, ayvwoto n, xlillMEe; rovouc ayvwota UillKa. Manlota one cpxec lOU I..II')VOe; AnpliHou 1998 0 tl')ilEOntlKOe; liiauiloe; «EPMHf» npooenuanoe l..Ieow lOU YVWOtou lil')l..IOOloypacpou xm ouyypacpewe; K. K. BEilonouflou va ELOefl3El one; EflEU- 3Epee;, ailna roue El..ln66l0av Blmn Iepucvot oWllalOcpunaKEe;. Kal Ollwe;, I') nonle; cum avriKEl ornv EnnMa Kat OXl OlOUe; ~evoue;!

ATAaVTic; - To MUUTlKO TWV MUUTKWV

41

oro aBavato epvo rou «Kparunoe;» (401-403) «on uutol 01 MuBonoyOl OEV riocv 01 onorofinnote, napa uovo nocv AotPOVO~OI, Aerrroitovo. xm Muotath>.

Tenoe:, ooov umopn tnv Atnavtioa, 0 6160C.tlpoe: 0 fIK&nlootlle: avaqJepEl Yla ana tu Eioll OEVtpC.tlV tile: ~Eyanll<: v~oou, roue K~noue: Kat tnv E~alpEnK~ suocuiovic tnc,

o TeprunnlavOe; 0 Ptouaioc (160-240 u.x.), avaqJEp6~&voc ornv xnusvn rinsipo, aqJllYEitat nEntO~EpOOe: nspt nov ~Eta~opqJooOEC.tlV tile: YIle:, Kat onueuovet on xm ornv &"0- x~ tOU aKO~1l «11 Yll urtoxeum OE tornxec annayee:». napaKatC.tl, nvntpepsr vur tnv ~Eyanll vrioo tOU AtnaVnKou 11 onotn ritnv ~Eyanll 000 11 I\IBull Kalil Aoia6. Ern nneov, 0 Teptudfunvor; ovuqispsr moe 11 ava~~tlloll tile: vrioou &iVOl sic ucrnv. To avaqJepEl auto, olon otnv enoxri tOU ta~(6&uicv opxetot PI4JOKlVOUVOl epeuvntec e~C.tl ana nc ft~il&.e: tou HpaKneoue:, vur va E~aKplBoooouv env ovroc un~pxav aKO~1l Ixvn tile: xcusvnc nneipou.

..

o KnauOIOe; AlntaVOe; lf" AlOOV ~.X.) evcc aKO~1l Pw~aioe:

cuvvpcmsuc, 0 onoloc nap' on oUYKataneYEtal otoue:

KnaomKoue: ouvvpcrpstc, evtouroic OtO spvo tOU «nepi me; mooeo»; rCIJv (ciJClJv», avaqJepEl vur ta otOnlOta nou ton03Erouccv oro KEqJanl roue 0 I\uol~axoe:, 0 Avtlvovoc Kat cinnOl MaKEoovEe: BaOlnEie:, otoniota tn ortoln rionv O~OLO ~E nc nEuKee: tmvlsc vupro ana to ueromo nov KptaPlOOV. «01 KatOIKOI rtov aKtOOV tOU C.tlKEaVOU - neYEI 0 KnauoLOe: AlilLO.voe: - uvnmepouv on om nanla xpnvm, 01 BamnEle: tile:

6 'Otnv 0 TEptuflfhavoe; neYEl on I') Atflavtie; slxe nc ililEe; lilaOtaoeic I..IE tnv "lBul') Kat rnv Acto, EVVOEi tnv BOPElO ACPPlKri Kat HIV MlKpa Aola. l'II')na6ri 10 liunKo llepOe; tnc M. Aoiae;, tnv ltovtc.

42

AvtaTfj~ KE:paJ1uoa~

AtnaVtlOOe;, aTtOVOVOl tau nOOElOWVOe;, mopououv OtO KEqJanl roue, oiocv EI1BnrUla E~ouOlae;, to OtOnlOl tau KPlOU».

~uVEnWe;, ro cupnepnouurc Bvalvouv ncvsuxortc, EqJ' OOOV Ol KatOlKOl E~W ana nc rt~nEe; tau HpaKnEOUe; (to rlBpantap) vvwpl~av EK napaooOEWe; moe KanOtE unripxe uln I1Evanll vnooc 11 onoto xa81lKE I1Eoa oro KUl1ata. EnoI1EVWe;, a Beooruftroc nnatwv, o,n evpoure, rc EvpaijJE I1E aKnOvllta ornplvuctu, EKtOe; tOUtOU, Ol cpxntoi ouvvpnqJEle; nou EvpaijJav vur rnv AtnaVtlOa, elxnv ornv KatOX~ roue apKEta ncvcpxmc Vla tnv snoxri roue xelueva tu onoto nvntpepovtnv ctnv xnuevn rinsrpo. E~ annou, stvm VVWOtO Kat anOOEKtO on one; nuepsc uuc EXOUIlE 110VOV to 3% ana tnv EnnllvlK~ lpcuuctetc. Enl nnEov, a ~ll1l1lae; a 81lBalOe;, l1a8Ilt~e; tau ~wKpatOUe;, EvpaijJE 23 EPva EK tWV onouov tn QUo EvpaqJav vio rnv AtnaVtloa.

fur xrrrunovnououc EvpaijJE Kat a EBpalOe; qJ{ilwv (29 rt.X, 40 I1X), anna tn nEVOIlEva tau OEV euotufiouv, Olon rirnv ~aolaVtpOnoe; ovnvpnqiecc tWV Enn~vwv ooqirov, ijJEUtlle; Kat ouxorpcvtnc. Apvotepo, tov I1ll1~8IlKE svcc anrtoc a onotoc riruv Kpumo-EBpalOe; Kal EIlElVE VVWOtOe;We; KO(JptiC; 0 IVOIKoTTileu(JflJC; (60e; m. I1X). Tov nnpouotuccv Kata «moouc we; 'Ennllva, EVW un~p~E I1loEnnllv Kal I1lGOUOE Ka8En nou ElXE OXEOIl I1E Ennaoa Kat Enn1lVl0110. Eav xtm rituv tEKl1llPlWIlEVO oro sncxpov, a Kool1ae; npocnc- 80UOE I1E Ka8E I1EOOV va to OlaOtpEBnwOEl. 'EXEl OlamOtW- 8El ana aOEOIlEUtOUe; EPEUVlltEe;, nwe; o,n oouvuptnro OKEqrroruv, to unOOt~pl~E I1E «lEPO» qinvrrnouo".

7 (Bit neplolilKO <tlEPA EIlIlA.E», rsuxoc 1ov).

43

ATAaVTi~ - To MUGTIK6 TWV MUaTKWV

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o Koounc a IvolKonnEuOtlle; EvpaijJE on: «0 nnatwv aVEqJEPE orrouis«; ncpouoiec ME TI~ 6IKE~ MA~, I1E rporronoi~OElG. AvaqJEpEl (0 nnatwv) vur nc OEKa vEVEEe;, ornoc Enrolle; xm vur til xropc EKElVIl nou EUPlOKEtal xuno ana til 8anaooa. ~pa, onOl curet oavEl~ovtat ooc elns a Mwuo~e; Kat tu ncpouourzouv vm OlKa roue».

De; npoc tnv nsplrmocq, BnEnOUIlE tOV «lvoueoruteuotn» va unv EXEl Kal1la oxeon I1E to EnnllvlKo nVEUl1a, anna oure va Kpata ro npooxrumtn, ornv nEVEl «anOijJEle; ncpo- 110lEe; I1E nc OlKEe; l1ae;»!

Ol Ka80nlKol, vur va OlKatOnOV~oouv tOUtOV tOV moxpo, nEv nwe; «orcv 0 ~vlOe; Kool1ae; avaqJEpEl vur nc anoijJEle; rou nnatWVOe; Ol onotec elvm noooumec I1E uc OlKEe; ucc, EVVOEl moe 11 nnatWVlK~ Beroptn tatPla~El I1E tile; nanalae; 6la8~KIle;»·

Auta nou EnEvav Ol avpal1l1atOl loufinlm tou MeoukoVOe;, Kat uutn nou urrootnpl/ouv Ol rmrnxol, elvm BpWl1lKa rrupuuufiur. 6l0n a Beloc nnatwv VEvv~8IlKE rouftcxictov evvsn ouovsc rtpiv tOV Kool1a tOV IvOlKonnEUOtll. Eni nnEOV, a nnatwv ouosutc OXEOIl elxs I1E tOV Ooapo~qJ-MwOo~, Olon a OEUtEpOe; EKtOe; tau on ovrevpmue tn BlBnla tau 'EnnIlVOe; Epl1~ tau TPlOI1EVlOtOU xm oavElOtllKE uc EvtonEe; nou snmpve Ka8E svveu XPOVla a Mlvwae; a A' emivto otnv KOPUqJ~ tile; 'IOIle; ano tOV 6la, rircv Evae; KOlVOe; 00- nOqJovoe;, ornoc oaqJwe; tOVl~El oro «AIYUTTftaKti)) tau a cpxispecc Kal vpuuunteuc tile; Alvumou, MavE8wv, a onotoc I1EnEtlloE rn cpxeln tile; xwpae; tau NEiilou Kat EI1a8E tnv npaVllanK~ an~8Ela nou cmopn roue EBpalOUe;, tOV 0~8EV «EKnEKtO nao», Kat Bn OOUI1E noioc rirnv uuroc a naoe; nou

44

Avtur'lt; KtpaJ1uoat;

eYlVE 'l mtin va xrrrrmovnoflei n AtflavtiBaB. o Mave8wv eypaLjJE:

~

«Kata rnv lEP~ nnpudoon 'l rrofl'l aut~ (Auaplv) BPIOKOtnv (lVW8EV rou TUQJc.i)vlO~. EKEivOl (01 EBpaiOl), omou Ilrr~xnv ornv rrofl'l Kat etxov rrfleov nurriv w~ Bao'l, BloplOav vtn apx'lYo roue xnnoiov nrro roue Hfnonorlltsc lEPEi~, rov Oncpcnmov (MwOo~~). EKEivo~ OpIOE ... va Il'l cuvnntouv oxeoeic IlE xnvsvnv rrfl'lv exelvrev, IlE roue onolouc exouv svopxo OUVBEOIlO». (MaveBwvoe; AlyurrnaKli"_ oeii. 143-145, EKlioaele; rewpyuilirye; ~ BlBnlOBrjKry reiv Ennrjvwv, ABrjvat 1996).

Ol EBpaiOl riocv Bouflol nov Alyumiwv Kat Epya~OVtav ore flatOIlEia, aVatOfilKa rou NEifiou. Ilepl rtov flatOllEiwv mmov KavEl floyo 0 Hooooror; Ieknopitu» 118 Kal124). Apa ~ (,0 Mave8wv ypaQJEl tnv afl~8Ela vtn tOU~ EBpaiou~, EVW 0 kocnnoc LjJEUBEtal.

'000 rtopo vtu rov OKotaBlOt~ Koolla rov «lvBlKorrflEuern», xunorm 8EOfloyOl etrruv noic 0 Koolla~ nvcmepotcv orov KaraKfluollo rou NWE rrou rrpO~eV'lOE tOU~ «urcrrovnououc BlaQJopwv vriorov. 'OIlW~ 'l fle~'l «NOE» slvrn EKatO

8 ~~IlEpa, I") IlEnEll") tnc EnnI")VlK~C; CPlnoGoqliac; Katapy~BI")KE orto tu; 8EonoYlKEC; ~xonEC; rov Ennl")VlKWV naVETllGll")lliwv. ().EV IGXUst, nEVE 01 rpatKunOl «EI51KOi» I") EnnI")VIK~ CPlnoGoqlia Kat CPlnonoVia!!! ~ll") BEGI") ll")C; 15puBI")KE E5pa tnc EBpa"iK~C; CPlnonoyiac;, tnv ortoln aVEnaBE EIlTlElPOC; E8patonoyoc;.

Eutuxtoc, 01 IlEXPl oriuspc EK56GElC; apxaiwv Enn~vwv ouvvpoqlEWV Kat IlEtaqfpaGElC: orpelrtovrm (j{I")V a~loBaUlla(j{1") nnvtors 151wnK~ TlpwmBouflia, TlOU GUV~Swc: aVnKaSl(Ha G' aUlOV {OV to-

TlO rnv KpanK~ a5paVEta Kat cvuecvotntc. "

ArAavrit; - To MuurlKo rwv MuurKwv

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45

tou; EKatO EflfI'lVlK~ Kat unrrvrmm otnv AtnK~-lwvlK~, orrw~ aKplBw~ exei 'l fle~'l NOr 'l onotn onuolver Em, OtOV BE rrfl'l8uvnKO onuclver EMElr, npoepxetm BE uno tn fle~'l NO. 0 '01l'lPO~ fleYEl: «Nwl BE xm KEV alla nvoui ... » {JIIIAE. Ettiont; Biiette «a: lIe~IKa n. /JoPJlrrapaKry: nrjJlJla EMEI[, Kat Euavveitou Koqnvuatr; «OJlryPlKOV lIe~IKov»).

o CHARLES BERLITZ (Toapfl~ Mrrepfllt~), YVWtO~ nrro to BlBflio tou «To JlUarrjplO tnt; Arnavrilioe;» ypaQJEl otnv OEfliBa 64 vur tOV IvBlKorrflEuOt'l tu E~~~:

«Q>aivEtal ntoc 0 Koolla~ oKEQJtOraV nc BlBfllKe~ avamopsc one YEvEe~ npiv tOV KaraKfluollo nou xcreotpeurs rov KOOIlO, Ylati riruv KaKo~». (Tcapiu; Mrrepnlr~: «To Muotnoio tnt; Arnavrilioe;» aenie; 64, EKlioaele; DPOPA)

o ApvoBIOe; 0 ArrofloY'lt~~, eva~ xpurnnvot; rrou e~'lOE tov r' Il.X., nuovn, npoormdouce cnevvciouevn va KaflULjJEl KarrolE~ ara08afliE~ tWV KpumoE8paiwv a~lWllatOuxwv t'l~ enoxric tOU. 0 ApvoBlO~ urr~p~E Eu8u~ av8pwrro~, aflfla ensos otnv rrayiBa tWV r'lllltWV, Yl' auto Kat nupunovuitcv w~ E~~~: «EOEi~ 8a QJ8aOEtE OtO onueto va Ila~ xmnvopnOEtE aKOIl'l Kat vur to on EIlEi~ rtcporpuvnue npiv 10.000 XPOVIa tov IlEyaflo otpuro, nou aQJoPllwIlEVO~ uno to vnot nou ovolla~Eral AtflavtiBa rou nOOElBwvo~, Ka8w~ uuc fleYEl 0 nflatwv, EKIl'lMvIOE KUploflEKnKa nc QJufle~ unc. M~rrw~ QJraillE EIlEi~ 01 Xpumnvol».

Ol xpumuvol, 8EBaiw~, BEV QJepouv Kallla Eu8uv'l, rrapa IlOVOV Ol av8pwrrOl tOU 'OQJEW~, orrw~ 8a BOUIlE otnv ouvsxein. 0 ApvoBlO~ OIlW~, BEV EYVWPl~E orocrn tnv rotoptu t'l~ AtflavtiBo~, Blon urrOOt'lpi<El nuflalpetu on 0- orpuroc exelvoc nou ~fl8E uno tOV coxeuvo EKIl'lMvIOE OflE~ nc

46

AVtGT'1~ KE:paJ.luoci~

qlunEI:;. OOTOOO, m:OV «Iiuaiov» llta8a~oUj.lE OTI 0 AlyunnOI:; iepsuc tnc ra"f601:; nEYEI OTOV ronwva, on OW31lKav opxeTEl:; qlunEI:; Xapll:; OTOUI:; 'EnnllvEI:;. rpaqlEI, nomov, 0 nnaTwv WI:; npoc rnv neplrmoon aurriv:

« ... W uev TWV Enn~vwv IlYOUj.lEVIl, W 6' aUT~ j.lOvW3Eloa E~ avaYKll1:; TWV annwv rmooruvuov, erti TOUI:; EOXaTOul:; aqlIKOj.lEVIl KIVllUvoul:;, KPaT~OaOa usv TWV smovrov TPOnata EOTIlOE, TOUI:; 6E urimo 6E60unWj.lEvOUI:; 6lEKwnuoE 60unw3~vat, TOUI:; 6' annoul:;, 0001 KaTOIKOUj.lEV EVTOI:; oorov HpaKnElwv, aql30vwI:; uncvrnc IlnEu3EPWOEV». (L\llna6~ TIlV erroxriv exslvnv, 11 ouvmuc rnc nOnEWI:; ouc aVE6ElX31l E~atPEnK~ j.lEW~U onwv TWV av3pwnwv Kat E~alTlal:; rnc uvopetcc rnc, L\lon, omou E~EnEpaOEV onoul:; KaTa TIlV avBpElav xm WI:; nOnEj.lIKal:; TEXVal:;, ElTE cpxnveooucc TWV Enn~vwv ElTE Kat TEnElWI:; uovn rnc, KaT' avaYKllv, 61on-0l annOl rnv EYKaTEnEllIJav, umou Eql3aOEV Ell:; TO XElnOI:; Till:; KaWOTpOql~l:;, KaTEvlKIlOE TOUI:; emopouetc, EOTIlOE TPOnata EVaVTlOV TWV, HMnOL\lrE NA VnOL\OV"080VN orol AKOMH L\EN EIXON vnOL\OV"08H KAI AnH"EV8EPOH, xroPll:; Kaj.lj.llaV a~lWOlV, o"ovr HMAr TOVr A""OVr nou Elj.lE3a EVTEU3EV TWV HpaKnElWV rTllnwv .. .l. Utitauav: «TiJ1alOC;» t", eKO. nAnYPO~ oeit. 29-31).

BnEnOUj.lE, nomov, OTOV «Ttumov» TOU 8ElOU nnaTWVOI:;, TOV Alyunno repsn va nEYEI OTOV ronwva on 01 ouuunxor EYKaTEi'lellt,Jav TOUI:; 'EnnllvEI:;, anna 01 6EUTEPOI WI:; E~EXOVTEI:; aV3pulnOl curou TOU nflcvritou, KaTEVlKIlOav TOUI:; El- 080nEll:; «m Ej.lnMlUav va un060unw30uv 0001 6EV slxuv un060unw3El, EVW 0001 naoi erxav atxj.lanWno3El uno TOUe: ATnaVTEI:;, 01 'EnnllvEe: TOUe: AnE"EV8EPOrAN xwpie:

ATAaVTi~ - To MUGTIKO TWV MUGTKWV

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47

Kaj.lj.lla a~lWOIl! OnOTE, WI:; npoc TIlV neplrmocn aUT~V, YEVvaWl TO E~~I:; epWTIlj.la: nOU El6E 0 Apvo8101:; nc qlUnEI:; nou EKj.lIlMvlUav 01 ATnaVTEI:;;

El6aj.lE on apKETOl YVWOTOl av6pEI:; rnc cpxnuitnroc avacpEp31lKaV otnv ATnavTl6a. To YEYOVOI:; aUTO cnofietKVUEI on 01 av3pwnOl EKElVOl sixnv OTIlV KaTOX~ TWV Kanom rmvnpxmc KElj.lEVa W onolc onuepc 6EV uncpxouv, AnnwoTe, 6EV Bu nperrsr va j.lal:; 61aqlEUYEl TO YEYOVOI:; nWI:; EXOUj.lE j.lOVOV TO nEVTe TOLl:; EKaTO rnc EnnllVlK~1:; rpaj.lj.larstcc. Be8alWI:;, urttrpxouv KanOla xslusvu W onoto 8PlOKOVWl one anOPPIlTEI:; 818nl03~KE·1:; TOU Bnnxcvou xm annaxou. Iur TO TpaYIKo oUj.l8av OTO nrrorttrto napEn30v, avaqlEPOUV apKETol euvvpcmetc - spsuvntsc eK TWV ortoltov

3a rmpououroouue EKElVOUI:; rtou EKaj.laV nspiooorepn

evrumocn, E(TE 3EnK~ ElTE cpvnnxri.

o OutillaJ1 T(61J1C; Nrtptiv (etotoo!« rou noitiuouoo») ypaqlEl on OTOV ATnavnKo wKEavo urmpxsr Eva ooonsoro opoOElpal:; nou 61aTpExEl OE 8a301:; 1000-3000 j.lETPWV us xuTeu3uvoll orro Boppn npoc NOTO. [upro nrto aUTO TO opone- 610 TO 8a301:; Till:; 3anaooal:; KaTEpxEwl uno 5.000-6.000 uerpc. 0 Nnpav ypaqlel entonc nWI:; 11 V~OOI:; 8u3l0TIlKE cno evnv YEwnoYlKo KaWKnUOj.lO. METa TIlV ouyypaql~ TOU avwTEPW 818fllou, EYlvav EPEUVEI:; Kat 6lOmOTW31lKE on 0 Nnpav EXEl 6lKalO!

H Ma(PIl Xooun, Aj.lEplKavll:; ouvvpumeuc, EYPal.J,JE OTO 81Bfllo me «To J1Uurrjplo inc; XaJ16VI]C; Arilavrioac;» nWI:; ona W ovouctn nou cvcrpepovrm OTIlV EnnllvlK~ Mu30noYla Elval utrtuvnuvric npOEnEUOEWI:;. H Xoourt ypaqlEl Kat yta TIlV 3Ea A31lva npuvucm rtou 6ev euotnflouv.

48

AvtUTf]~ K£palluoa~

«To BlBfHo 1:r1~ Ofra Linda nepwpnqisr ertionc to noc 11 lBpew-nonej..liotpla Mlv-'EpBa, emKeQJan~~ uurc 0j..la6a~ tOU naou rnc npooapa~e one aKtB~ rnc npotoropueic Enna6a~ «m (6puoe tnv rtperrn nonl1 tWV ABl1vwv ... H MlV'EpBa riruv QJpl~lav~ srn 0 nao~ rnc riruv BamKa uovosetotric, evw Ol 'Ennl1ve~ nou rituvs nonuBe'iotB~, 6ev elxnv KavBva npoBnl1j..la».

H aveK6l~Yl1tl1 Aj..leplKavi6a «epeuvrirpm» nvvoet ncvrenw~ moe Ol 'Ennl1ve~ tl1~ «rtpolotopucric» snoxnc BKn~av e~aopoQJa xrlpur Otl1V Kp~tl1, Otl1V lleftoncvvnco, Otl1V llrepia, omocxm nc YVWOtB~ nupaj..li6e~. Krn orcv ulu QJun~, ornoc 11 Ennl1vlK~ KataOKeua~el Ktipw B~l opomov, KUKnwnew KtlPW, nupculfiec, tote BXOUj..le aKOj..l11 ulu nepltpavq an66el~11 on 11 QJun~ nurn eyvwpl~e ta j..laBI1j..lanKa xm tnv corpovoulu. Anna 11 Maipl1 Xoourt osv exei npooomxn YVWj..lI1, yeyovo~ to onolo exei w~ QJUOlK~ ouverreur va UlOBetel rnv YVWj..l11 rnc OFRA LINDA. EKtO~ tourou, 11 6~Bev outn epeuvritpur ovvosl moe Otl1V upxmotntu Ol 'Ennl1ve~ exeivoi, Ol onoloi riouv j..lU11 uevoi, 6ev riouv nonuBe'iotB~ ours OtO enaxlOtO, napa j..lOVO MON08E"ifTH:, xm Ba to an06ei~w euBu~ aj..lBOw~.

fTOVf OPQJlKOU~ 'Vj..lVOU~, Kal oUYKeKplj..lBVW~ OtO unoorrneun 6, nrlqporpopoupsfln on 0 Zsuc slvtn «MBya~ apxoc nrnrvnov, nup xm u6wp krn yaia xm alB~p, vu~ te xm ~j..lap Kal M~n~, nponoc vsveuop xm Eptoc nonurspnnc navtn yap ev ZI1VO~ j..leyanw ta6e ooucn xetrm. .. ». (6I1na6~ 0 Zsuc slvm to nav, elvm 11 QJwna xm to vspo 11 YI1 xm 0 alBBpa~, 11 VUKta Kal 11 nuepc, 11 M~n~ xm 0 BPWta~ 0 nofturepnric. Ta ncvrn suploxovrm evroc tOU oWj..lato~ tOU Zrovrnvou 6(a).

ATAaVT;~ - To MUUTIK6 TWV MUUTKWV

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49

Ilepuv onwv nuttov un~p~av coxerot npOOWKpanKO( ai'lna xm Ki'laoOlKoi Ol OnO(Ol evpmpov ue BVaV ynaQJupo Kal oaQJ~ tpono nw~ 0 611j..llOUPYO~ tOU fUj..lnavto~ stvm ENAf uovovl 0 ni'latwv to avaQJBpel ouvexroc orov « Tiuaun nroc Bva~ etvm 0 oupnvoc Kal eva to cneipov xrn 611j..llOuPY~BI1KaV Kata to rrpeturto rou ENOf 6HMIOVProV. [« Tluatoc: 31 a).

o Eevotptbv j..lu~BI1Ke oro Eneuo(vla Muot~pw, km onoKai'lumel oro epvu rou on «evcc Bsoc orouc Beouc, cqiou Ol Beol elvm evroc rou evoc Beou» (Diets, 23).

o 6e HpaKnelroc; Bypalfje:«Ano ru ncvrn e~Bpxetal evoc, xm ana tOV evn tu rtnvm» {HpaKnelroc;, Diets 10}.

Errl ni'lBov, 0 j..leyanoQJu~~ tpaYlKo~ Eupmi611~, Bypalfje OtO aBavatO BPYO rou (<<BaKXal», 275) on xm 11 6~j..ll1tpa eiVal j..lBpO~ tOU Evo~ Beoul

AKOj..lI1, 0 nnourapxoc; 0 orroloc 6letBneoe Apxiepeuc orov Naov tOU Anonnwvo~ orouc 6ei'lQJou~, i'lBYel on «BVa~ slvm 0 I\oyoc: nou 6leuBuvel to fUj..lnav xm ulu 11 Ilpovour, 11 onoia to xuflepvu» {nnourapxoc;: «nepi toisoc Kat O(JiPIooc;» 378a). .

revlKW~, Ol 'Ennl1ve~ QJli'lOOOQJOl oi'lwv nov fxonwv, ontoc tnc IWVlK~~ fxoi'l~c:: Ej..lne60Ki'I~c:, Ava~ayopa~, I\euxutnoc, 611j..lOKPltO~, npWtayopa~, ropyia~, fWKpatl1~, EuKne[611~, Aplonmtoc, HYl1oia~, nnatwv, IevoKpatl1~, APlOtOtBi'lI1~, Bsompuotoc, onoic Kal Ol ftW"iKOi Zrivrov 0 Kmsue, Xpuomrroc, nooel6wvlO~, Ernxtnroc, tl1~ fKemK~~ fxoi'l~~ llupptov Kal ApKeo(nao~ tl1~ Neoni'latWvlK~~ Exoi'I~~ raKKa~ xm ni'lwtivo~ j..lBXPl tnc Yrtuttcc trl~ Ane~av-

50

AvtGr'1~ KE.paJJul5a~

OPlV~e:, onoic Kat 0 EnlKOUpOe: ai'li'la Kat 8KOl:OVta08e: ai'li'lwv 8~8XOVtWV npoetortueotntrov riouv OAOI MOVOS8'(utee:!

'Oi'la cum tu aYV08l n MalP'l Xoourt, ornoc sntonc aYV08l to Y8YOVOe: neoc Ol lluptpcoor 'Ei'li'l'lV8e: nportunocv tOV aplSllo IB' (= 12) vro roue Bpnoxeunxouc uUIlBoi'llGIlOUe: tWV. 6lon to 6w08KaS80v exnpooronel nc 6w08Ka Mopmec tOU Evoc rUllnavtOe:, i'loyw KUPlWe: t'le: Aorpovouuoic onucotnc tOU 8V i'loyw aplSllou, 8CP' ooov KaS8 IB' (= 12) Il~V8e: emorpsqier 'l avol~le:, onou nvnvevvutcr 'l CPUGle:, sncvepxetm 'l ~w~ Kat apXl~8l nai'll 0 snouevoc 121l'lvoe:

KUKi'loe:! Enl ni'leov, Ol 12 S80l elvm sxrppaceic tOU Evoc 6'llllOUPYou, Ol onotoi 8~epXOVtat ana to 8uWt8PlKO cpor tou, nutpvouv OnOt8 8ntSUllOUV Ui'llK~ unoornon, Kat elvm, 118 ai'li'la i'loyta, onwe: or i\yy8i'l0l. Oe: npoc tnv rreptmtoon, 0 AplGtOtei'l'le: KaV8l ni'l~p'l cvcmopn oro epvo tOU «'OpyaVOV» rrspl tWV S8WV Kat roue napOUGla~8l ai'li'lOt8 cueoo Kat ai'li'lOt8 euueontoc 6taGt'lllaVSpWnoue:. 6'li'lao~, 0 APlororeftnc tOU NlKollaxou i'leY8l on Ol 1l8V 'Ei'li'l'lV8e: elvm S80l Bvnroi, Ol 08 S80l eivm avSpwnOl aSavatOl. En8l0~, i'lomov, we: ovtotnrsc nepuouv uecn uno tOV xtopoxpovo, sivm aSavatol. Auto OIlWe: nou slvm Y8YOVOe: uuitornc u'luuolcc, sivm on ouoslc emorruuov npoeB'l oro olaB'llla va olaijJ8uu8l tOV AplGtotei'l'l!!!

rUv8nwe:, vur roue EVHBElr 'Ei'li'l'lV8e: t'le: npotctopuoic ertoxric, ai'li'la Kat rnc Ki'laUGlK~e:, onroc enlonc xm tnc uotspnc npxmotntoc, 0 Evnc 880e: 08V slvm cnpoouoc, OUt8' OOi'lOCPOVlKOe: OUt8 ~'li'l8U8l rn ni'laullata tOU, ai'li'la OUt8 nvmpst nc unooxscsrc rou npoc roue morouc tou. 68V xp8la~8tal MErAZONTEr (= «rrporpnrsc»l, vrn va 8K-

ArAavris- - To MUGTtK6 rwv MUGrKWV

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51

cppau8l roue VOIlOUe: tOU, ornoc n.x. 0 rtaxBe t'le: 8Bpa'(K~e: «BLBi'lou», 0 onotoc tnv snouevn unYIl~ uetnvost vtn nc anocpau8le: rou Kat cvmpet roue CPUGlKOUe: VOIlOUe: nou 0 lOlOe: 0~S8V 8CP~PIlOU8.

Ai'li'la 'l M. Xoourt, omocxm ooxerot «'Ei'li'l'lV8e:» uuva08i'lCPOl rnc ijJ8u008p8UV'ltee:, uuc nrrpououizouv oi'l'l tnv ayvOla nou roue OlaKatex8l! napa08lYlla: H Xoourt 8le: tnv u8i'lloa 203 rou npocvcqiepfievroc BlBfllou t'le: ncpoucur~8l evov nlvcxn 118 roue 880ue: tWV Tsocnptov rtOlX8lWV os Olacpopa navS8a, Kal npounaS8l va netcei - XWPle: xrrv

c

lXVOe: 8uSl~lae: - roue uvuvvoiotsc rnc rttoc Ol ri'laBOl (nou

~i'lSav tOV 70 mmvn Il.X. uta Bai'lKavta), Ol EBpalOl (Ol onoloi nonv novoneputo avSpwnwv nou 8~80lW~8 ana Aui'l~e: Alyumou 0 CPapaw, Ola tOUtO 08V slxnv OlK~ roue yi'lwuua, Illi'lWVtae: avaYKaunKa tnv KOlV~ olai'l8KtO rnc AVOl:oi'l~e: nou 8neBai'lav Ol M~OOl, tnv apalla"(K~ Kat rnv Ol8SV~ yi'lwuua tOu tore "vvroorou" xoouou, tnv 8i'li'l'lVlK~), Ol CPOlVlK8e: Kat Ol T8UtOV8e:, on elvm ncvnpxmor i'laoL To Y8YOVOe: auto cpep8l ce aKpa nvtlfieon rov uetnrppconi KOV MautaKOUP'lV, Wut8 cnopel tooo noi'lu 118 rnv aYVOlav rnc All8plKaVlooe: uuyypacpewe:, xm U'l1l8lWV8l:

«Olloi'loyw nwe: 08V ~epw ytad uln rooo a~loi'loy'l ouvypacpeae: Bnotctnxe orov rtlvnxn curov uurc ollaoae: V8apwv llaS'ltwv KOi'li'l8YlOU nou rrpomcvoc 08V slxnv lOBa uno rmoxpuqnonxn napaoou'l ai'li'la Kat rotopln tWV SP'lUK8lWV».

Kat 8YW cnopro nwe: Ol EK0008le: «616VMOI» 8~eowuav eva rstoro BlBi'llO, oro onolo 'l ouvvpnrpeuc eKall8 epeuvn vpacp8lou ana GlWVlOtlKa BlBi'lla Kat BauluS'lK8 08 vsupu

52

AVtUTI)C; Kcpalluoac;

W~ ern to mtstctov moun tn onoia nocv a!pOGlWIlEVa GUIV ouotpuftoqnrttn Kat GtO paYKnu Kat OXl ornv rruvxoouur urtopln tWV nawv ... !!!

o fttivvl7C; KopotiroC; GtO EPYO tOU «nponsyo/lsva arov O/lI7Po» (EKooaslC; 20oC; Au.dvac;, 1956) ava!pEpEl on Ol BEOYEVV'ltOl ~PWE~ HpaKn~~, rElp~VE~, N'lp'li6E~, rOpYOVE~, KanuijJw, KipK'l, aKOIl'l Kat 0 AXlnnEu~ Katayovmv nno roue AtnaVtE~. 0 Kop6atO~ unottderm on lGtOPEi, 6ixw~ va rtctpvei BEG'l. A!p~VEl GtOV cvcvvmom va ByanEl 1l0VO~ tOU rn ouunspnoumc. A!pou, nomov, EKalla to naBo~ va IlEnEt~GW to BlBrlio tou Kop6atOu, E~anat~B'lKa GtO ennKpOV.

luon:

a) H tPLGUVBEtO~ nE~l~ H-PA-K"Hr, 6EV onuulvsr 1l0VOV to KnEo~ rnc HPAr; anna xm tov KanoullEvov. 6'lna6~, 0 UlO~ tnc AnKIl~V'l~ Kat rou AIl!PltPUWvo~ ovounzotnv AnKEi6'l~ tuno to AnKu~ = !pUGlK~ Mvalll~). 'Omv OIlW~ nepcGE nc E~EtaGEl~ nrto roue LEpEi~ tWV 6En!pwv, tOU MB'lKE o nll'lnKO~ tltno~ HPAK"Hr. To nptero ypalllla, to H onuntVEL to B'lnUKO apBpo tnc PO~~ nou rnv Kanouv rrpoc BonBEla or avBpwnOl. To 6EUtEPO GUVBEnKo, to PA 6'lnoi to peuuo, tnv oori, H Po~ aut~ elvm atWvLO~ (= csvcoc Kiv.,- 1Jl~), Kat to K"Hr 6'lnoi to KanEGlla. (BnEnE "E~lKa n. 60pIlnapaK'l, OIl'lPlKOV "E~lKO Koqnvuorn, NEOtEPOV "E~lKOV tOU Hrliou).

B) To ovoun AXI""EVr eivm GUVBEtO. H EtUllonoYlK~ tou pl~a elvm 'l Axnu~, EVW to 6EUtEPO GUVBEnKo 6'lnol tnv OPIl~, tnv Mvall'l. 6'lna6~ tn OPIl'lnKa vepn. H axnu~ slvm uetecopoftovu«i !PatvOIlEVO nou nupntnpettm Kupiw~ one

ATAaVTic; - To MUUTlK6 TWV MUUTKli)v

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53

Enn'lVlKE~ BanaGGE~, one rliIlVE~, orouc nOmIlOU~ Kat GtOU~ xutnppnxtec, GUV~BW~ to KanOKaipl9. EIl!paVI~Etat IlE 1l0P!p~ nEUKOU ~ UnOKltplVOU nsnfiou, nou GKEna~El tu aVnKElllEVa nou unapxouv orov opi~ovm. E~ annou, 6EV Ba npenei va 6la!pEUYEl uno rnv IlV~Il'l uuc to YEYOVO~ on 'l OPIl~ rou AXlnnEW~ ~tO !poBEpa LGXUP~, KaBw~ EtPEXE IlE to aplla rou Kat EiXE UijJWIlEVO to GnaBI rou anElnwvm~ roue nuvtsc, EVW to n060Bon'lto tWV Irmov tOU nou EGEpvav to noun nqinvuv Eva IlEyano GUVVE!pO GKOV'l~, onw~ 'l axnu~ nou ollOla~El - uno llaKpUV~ crrootcon - IlE GKOV'l cvcfiuovrnc cno evuv OPIl'lnKO KamppaKt'l!

OGtOGO, 'l tEnEla Enn'lvlK~ ynwGGa, slvtn uur ynwGGa nou BaGI~Etat GtOU~ aplBllou~, tnv 1l0UGlK~ Kat tnv cpuovia. Auto~ EIVat 0 an'lB~~ noyo~ nou OplGIlEVE~ nE~El~ EXOUV tnv i6la evvour 6ixw~ va EXOUV outieuto ouororntu, napa6ElYllatO~ xuptv: rt'lv nnoxpuqm Enn'lVlK~ !plnonoYla undpxst Ilia nE~'l, 'l «'EXl~». H nE~l~ nutr] slvm to 16LO aKplBw~ IlE rov «'0 !p i», anna 6EV EXEl ouosulc GXEG'l IlE tov YVWGtO oqn ~ !pi6l. 0 Dqnc otn llaYlK~ ynwGGa 1:WV LEPEWV tou 6w6EKaBEou 6'lnoi tOV !pW1:ElVO, tov nEuKo, rov EUIlOPqio; tov KaBaplo. nonnE~ !pOPE~ 'l nE~l~ «EXl~» rrpomspetm Kat GE «uxtc». AKPlBw~, IlE nc Mo curse nE~El~ enporpspuv to CPw~, Ol 'IvKa~, Ol A~tEKOl Kat Ol "EIlOUPlOl. YnapXOUV KanOla KEillEva tu onotn qiuduooovrm GE IlUGnKOU~

9 'Onwe; nveqiepn (rUIV avanuoll lOU ovoucroc H-PA-KI\H!:, 11 ne~le; «PAl) lillno[ tnv opuri. Ilpoxsrnn vur j..l[a vvriotn &nnllvlKr') ne~1l 11 ortota UlOS&tr')SIlK& ana roue Alyum[OUe;. TIlV ne~1l cutriv rnv ouvnvtouue oe apKetee; ouvSetee; ennIlVlKee;, ornoc 11 ne~le; KATAPA-KTHr, PA-rMIA, KATA-PA, XA-PA, 8-PA-KH, PA-KENLWTOr K.nn.

54

AVtUTfjf; KE:papuoac;

xopouc, onou l-leplKa ana nuru Bu anoKanuqJ80uv ana '(OV ouvvpcqisu '(au nupovroc BlBniou oro evvue: I-lsnnov.

Ooov crpopn '(OV oqn, ~wv evo ana W coomotepn ovtnl Ta rtnvtipxmn Keil-leva nvcrpspouv on a Ex«; ~ AXLe: ~ 'OqJle: ritnv unepBonlKa oomoc. qipovruoc, nuvsuopmoc KaL a~Lavcrrnroc. EnelB~ Ol-lwe: evoexouevoic va unv LcrXUOUV Ol exnotore neowpcmec vur tov 'Pw'(elvo Ilqn, smooov ro nrroxputpn xelusvu Bev KUKnoqJOPllaav note orn BlBnLOnwneia, Bn avoi~oul-le tnv nanaLa ~La8~KIl, onou oro BlBnio «feveau;» (KecpaiialO I', eoacplO 1) nvuqiepeun moe «0 OqJle: ~'(Q '(0 qipovuiorepo ana 6fla tn ~ciJa '(QU nvpou, W anoia SKal-le a Oeoc». 0 vvoioroc epeuvntric Hal Lindsey oro epvo '(au «0 Em:'POPOr rATAN KINEITAI ANAMErA MAh, uvcqispsr we: npoc '(IlV nsotnrcion W e~~e::

«H nS~Il oqnc oro nproroturro EBpa·(Ko onuulvsr xrm naunepo KaL OI-lOPqJo. Tore, '(0 qJiBl BaBl~e mivto oe nofiur, ontoc aqJ~vel va svvcnflst Il neptvpnrpri «~ciJa '(QU uvpou». Hrnv nnvefurtvo, svo unepBonlKaaocpo ... ». (Hal Lindsey: «0 EwaqJopoe:», oeitic 64, eKoo(JelC; nEPfAMO[, A8r]vat 1991).

Bnenoul-le nroc rtpoxertm VLa utn 8eia oV,(O'(IlW, '(IlV anoia Ol e~ia'(Qpee: '(Ile: eBpa·(K~e: BiBnou, '(IlV ncpouotconv '(eneiwe: BLaqJopenK~ an' o,n '(IlV rrepwpumouv one npxsr; '(QU r' KeqJanaiou '(Ile: «fevemC;». 'PucrLKa, Bev unopouue va exouue surnotoouvn crouc 0' (eBBol-l~KOVW) usrumpcotec rnc. Ilnvttoc, nuro nou «pivsrm uunornc onucotcc, sivrn on '(QV AXlnnsa '(OV rtnpouoinenv us Kan '(Q IlnLaKO, Kan '(0 unepftcunpo. Euvsncoc, a rlavvlle: KopBa'(oe: etxe nn~Pll avvcla VLa W ennllvlKa ovouuru, ornoc snlonc KaL VLa W EnnllvlKa Muorripur.

•

ATAaVTic; - To MUUTlKO TWV MUUTKWV

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55

Tsftoc, Il nS~le: «relp~v» npoepxetm ana '(0 relp = ~IlPOe:.

H nS~Il «NIlPllie:», ollnoi on Il «sneucrLe:» vtvetm ueoo ana '(0 vspo. (Bil. lle<lKo Etauattirou, n. iloPflTlapaKlJ, CfJurpaKIJ - Tevonouiiou).

o Ba(JiillJC; na(Jxoc; svpaljJe ore 1976 '(0 BlBnio «llrilavrsc Kat OXl Beoi Kuple Ntaivinev: nov eKBoaewv rMVpNIOTAKH.O llcoxoc svpaljJe rrprivpntn W anoia oev eucreBouv, novw '(QU on cvvost nav'(enciJe: W EI\I\HNIKA MVrTHPIA, KaL lOtWe: '(IlV KwBlK~ vpaqJ~ ttov Apxcuov Enn~vwv Mu-80novwv, Blon at Mu80novOl rionv nemonovOl, uotpoVOI-lOl KaL uuorsc (8i1. nilarcuv «Kparuiloc;» 401-404). 0 naoxoc o I-lW e:, Bva~el uxpnoro Ka8en nou em'(euX81lKe ana '(Que: 'Ennllvee:, onwe: n.x, '(0 I-lllXaVlll-la ~ wponovLO nov AvnKu8~pwv, KaL vpaqJel O'(IlV oefliBa 311 '(QU npoavaqJep8sV'(Qe: BlBfliou '(QU on '(0 unxnvnun auto elvm mrtcvnuvric npoerteuosoc. AvaqJspel, srnonc, on Ol A'(nav'(ee: exnonv nc nupal-liBee: rnc Alvumou xm rnc Nortou Al-leplK~e:, evciJ cpxero! emotnuovsc Lcrxupi~oVWl on xrrtnokeunoflnxnv '(0 2.800 I-lSXPl '(Q 2.240 n.X., xrn an' o,n ~spoul-le a naoxoe: oev slvm ernotnuovcc, ~sxwpa nou '(QU BLaqJeuvel eve onucvnxo vevovoe: on one rmpnmivro xpovonovlsc ~EN VnHPXAN A'(nanee:!!!

llepnv onwv nuuov, a Ilcoxoc cvvoet on Ol nUpal-ltoee: '(Ile: nenonovv~oou KaL tnc Kp~'(Ile: elvm nuftuuirepsc ana ourec '(Ile: Alvumou10, onoic snlonc exei nav'(en~ cvvour VLa '(Q vevovoe: on ce uin nupal-ltBa tnc Nortou Al-leplK~e: et-

10 0 K. Xprtnroc M~o~ 0"(0 E~aipE"(o spvo tou «nUpallioec; (Jr;Jv EitnaoG!>, anoliElKVUEI, J.lE aliUlOElom otoixslc, on 01 nupaJ.liliE~ lll~ Ileftorrovrioou stvm coxmotspec ana curse UI~ ALVumou!

56

AVtOTfJr:; KcpaJJu{5(;rr:;

Vat cnorunouevn ulu TTaVapXaLO ETTlypa£p~ ~E 17 Efiflllvl«otutc vpcuunto, tn orrotu tu cnofitxonrotnonv 01 oetuvnO"'[QI 'EfiflIlVEe: ETTlOt~~OVEe: I:taupoe: KatpaKIle: xm Kwvotavrlvoc XaoaTTIle:.

a fvrYKap KeuUI] eypaijJE ru E~~e:: « ... 11 Iloostour, 8a elvat cvcueoc ore nporc ruruurm tile: Atflavtlooe:, TTOU 8a avaBu80uv TTafil. Na "'[Q TTEpl~eVEtE Kata "'[Q E~IlVtaOKtci:J (68) Kat E~IlVtaEvvea (69). 'OXI Kat tOOO ~aKpla». (fvrYKap KeuUI]: «[ux tnv totooia tnt; npoeneuul]e; Kat rou tlenptauevou rou AvBpciJrrou)}, EK6. Booitooeou, ABrjvat 1982).

OOtOOO, nepoonv roon xpovur, aflfla Atflavtloa aKO~1l BEV ElBa~E ... !!!

a IIp. Mavuov Baiievttuv, "'[QU AtflavnKou KofiflEYlOU rou nafl~ MTTllte:, Kat 0 IIp. Nn~ltpl Pl~TTlKO£p, evnc wKEavoypamoe, EKavav ~a~l apXatOflOYlKee: EPEUVEe:, yLO va aTToBEl~ouv orouc apVlltee: rou nflatwvoe: on 11 AtflavtlBa UTT~P~E npcvuon Kat EUPlOKE"'[Q O"'[Qv AtflavnKo OKEavo. a IIp. Pl~TTlKO£p avaKaflUijJE unodortnoour epetmu TTflllOlOV nov vnOIci:Jv tile: Kapa"(81K~e:, tn OTTOla aTTooElKVUOUV on TTPOKEltal vro uln ofloKflllPIl 8u8LO~evll TToflll, rrvouettr tile: A"it~e:.

a PO/1rrepr CPeppo Kat 0 MatKn rKpa/1neu cvomepoov nc TTpOOWTTlKee: roue E~TTElPlEe: O"'[Q 818f1l0 roue: ((Arnavr{e;, I] aoxotnovooota tutu; epeuvac». VTTOOtIlPl~OUV TTWe: tnv TEtaptll 26 Q>E8pouaplou 1969, avaKafluijJav O"'[QV AtflavnKo OKEavo Kan TTOU eIlOIa~E ~E Ku~at08paUOtll ~ 8aoll OIBIlPOOPOlllK~e: ypallll~e:. ll~flwoav OE Blafle~Ele: roue aflfla Kat O"'[Q TTpoava£pEp8ev 818f1l0 roue, TTWe: BEV TTPOKEltal vur eva uTT08puXlO KataOKEuaolla, aflfla vrn unspveio TTPIV 8u- 8LOtEl 11 otepm.

ATAaVTir:; - To MUOTIKO TWV MUOTKWV

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57

a AUOtplaKoe: YEwfloyoe: 'OUO Moux UTTOOt~Pl~E on 11 Katuorpomn tile: AtflavtlBoe: eYlvE one: 4 10UVlOU "'[QU erouc 8496 TT.X. noflflol epeuvnrec tax81lKaV O"'[QV TTflEUPO tOU xm "'[QV UTTOOt~pl~av. MEPlKOl 8p~Kav tnv xpovoftovtn cutri KataTTflIlKnK~, ETTElB~ 01 upxniot AIlEplKavol (Epu8poOEPIl0l) apxl~av svnv veo KUKflo noflu KOVta a' nutriv tnv xpovoflovln, "'[Q 8498 TT.X. I:ull£pwva IlE tnv TTapaBoo~ roue, eYlvE evcc KataKfluol1oe:, fllYO TTPlV, 0 OTTOlOe: e8EoE eva tEfloe: OE ilia ofloKflllPIl snoxn tile: ioroptuc "'[QU KOOIlOU. Kata "'[QV Otto Moux, svuc TTflavll"'[QElB~e: TTOU ElXE BlallEtpO TTEPlTTOU 10 xunouerpu, svcc vuvoc oUYKpmKa IlE rnv rll, errsoe ennvto otnv rll IlE ruxurnru 16-19 xuuouerpn "'[Q BEUtEPOflETTtO. Iropn, nroc slvm ouvcrov va YVWPl~El 0 Orro Moux tnv aKpl8~ nuepounvto Kat xpovoftoviu, aflfla va IlIlV elvrn 8e8aLOe: vur rnv BlallEtpO "'[QU nrtcvntostoouc xm va fleYEl «ElXE TTEPlTTOU 10 xuuouerpn BlaIlEtpO»;

Ilpoxeum Yla ulu Ka8ap~ nvrlqinon, OTTWe: ETTlOIle: cvn£paoKEl IlE tnv ruxurntn "'[QU TTflavll"'[QEloOUe: Ka8ci:Je: fleYEl on EPXOtav TTpOe: tnv Yll IlE 16-19 xuuousrpu "'[Q BEutEPOflETTtO. TIlV aKpl8~ ruxutntn tnv cvvoet, EVci:J rnv IlIlEPOIlIlvln (4 10UVlOU) "'[QU E"'[QUe: 8496 TT.x. tnv «YVWPl~Ele:»;; (!!)

To 1901 aVEKaflu£p81l to oci:Jlla EVOe: Mallou8 rtftnoinv "'[QU norcuou MTTEpE~o£PKa, OlatllPllllEVO OE «ptorn Katacreon. MafiLOta, O"'[Q oroucxi rou Ylyavnalou ~ci:Jou urtripxnv av8101lEVEe: ayplEe: mnoofuec Kat avBEfioxopta, mute rn onoto EuBoKlllouoav "'[Q KafioKalpl. EV"'[QU"'[Qle:, "'[Q Mallou8 TTE8avE svrefuoc ~a£pvlKa, Blon ElXE aKO~1l cvuueoo otn oovovur tOU uin IlnOUKla nrto xoptn.

'OfiOl Ol ETTlOt~1l0VEe: TTOU E~EtaOaV tnv uTT08EOlllOU ~ci:J-

58

AvtOTf/<; KEpaI1UDa<;

OU aU1:OU, B8yanav 1:0 ouunepuouc on KaTTOla Mva~Il 1:0 apTTa~8 Btmn Kat to 8Kuql8v06VIlu8 oe ~8yanll crrooruon aTTO 1:0 Ull~810 tll~ 80UK~~ tOU. al 8TllUt~~OV8~ olaTTluuoonv TTW~ 1:0 evo TTOOl Kat 11 n8KavIl tOU Ma~ou3 riouv pnvtousvu, 'ETT8u8 uta vovuttr 1:OU Kat rrnp' on 80uKOUu8 8K8lVll tnv unVll~ cs KanOKatPlV~ TT8PlOOO, 8V toutoic TTaYWuE aTTO to ncpcmopo unixoc.

al ETllut~~OV8~ xpovoflovouv tnv qlOVlK~ nurriv «mnotpomn to BtO~ 9700 TT.X., Kat TTPOK8ltal vur tnv xpovoftovln TTOU KataypaqlEl 0 nnatwv viu rnv Kata8u3lUIl rnc Atnavtloo~!

a Olaull~o~ ouvvpcmeuc - EP8UVllt~~ J.V. Luce oro BPYO tOU «To teiioc; tnt; Arnavr{ooe;», (EKo6vele; KOKOruaKfI, A8rjVat) uUYKPlvEl tOV nortmouo tll~ Al:navtloo~ ~8 tOV EnnllVlKO Ilortmouo, Kat olEuKPlVI~8l TTW~, EOV Ol 'Ennllv8~ EYVOOpl~av 8~ aKo~~ 1:OV utftnvnuvo norunouo, Bu roue ritnv nfiuvmov va ~l~Il30uv roue AtnaVt8~ olon, vm va cxortou- 3~u8l Kav81~ rnv ypa~J,l~ 8VO~ annou norunouou, TTPBTTEl va ~~u8l ~a~l rou.

ETTI TTnBov, 0 J.V. Luce aVaqlBpEl ~8 Bnuunouo vur tnv refleuirntu Kat TIlV ouvxpovq EJ,lqlavlull rou uopaunlKOU Kat aTTOXEtEUnKOU cuotnuuror; 1:OU aVaKtOpOU rou Mlvwo~ tn onoln TTpoKanouv rov anll3lvo 3au~au~o tWV 8TlluKErmov, E~Eta~OVta~ KavEI~ nc n8mo~BpEl8~ curse, vloo38l on BX8l unpoctn rou KaTTol8~ apK8tO oUVatB~ ucptuotec TTOU oOllYouv uTIlV rnunon TIl~ Al:navtloo~ ~8 TIlV MlVWlK~ Kpritn.

Hvrn YEYOVO~ TTW~ ncpouour ouctriunm slxcv Kat annE~ EnnllvlKB~ noftsic. To lliov - vur TTapaB8lVlla - B8V BX8l

ATAavri<; - To MUOTIKO TWV MUOTKWV

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59

va ~IlnBlj.!8l tlTTOtE aTTOnUtW~ cno ru onuepwc ouotriuuru aTToxETEUu8W~. 'Dna cure ouveflnccv oro aTTOOta1:O ncpsft- 30v, OTTW~ 8TTlUll~ Kat ornv tertsurclu rtpoxpronuvuoi xuuerin ornv EnnaBa, Blon 0 TTOnltlU~O~ rituv 8nnllvlK~ UTTO- 38ull·

Oou - nomov - nepwpnqisr 0 nnatwv utOv «Kplr{a», yla tnv npxuexrovtxq Y8vlKa, tn 8nBTTou~8 orov 8nnllvlKo TTOnltlU~o. Eroi, ~ETa tOV nortmouo TTOU ustsmepuv Ol 'Enn,,VE~ ornv AtnavtlBa, BEV onunlvsr on uuroc TT8PlOPI~Etal uovov oro xoipo tnc M8uoY810u, anna ql3av8l u8 Ka38 on~810 tOU nrtcvnrou. IBlalt8pa uTIlV A~EPlK~, 0 Ka3E ElnlKplv~~ 8PEUvIlt~~ BlaTlluTOOV8l tnv ouotornru ornv upxuektoVlK~ tWV TTpoKono~8lavoov TTOnltlU~OOv ~8 tnv EnnllvlK~.

npay~an, otnv A~8PlK~, tnv onoln ovouooe aMHPIKH, 0 8nnllvlK~~ Kataywy~~ XPlUtOqlOPO~ Kono~80~, urtnpxouv nuvcpxmsc TT6fl8l~, OTTW~ 11 Erpripu ~ Erpupu, ovoun to onoio to ElX8 11 «TTPO'(utOPlK~» KOplV30~. Enicnc, unnpxouv tn vnoui n~vauo~, Na~o~, Avopo~ (one MTTaxa~E~) «m Hruoc, H vnooc Hrnoc euoloxerm uta vouu TIl~ NBa~ LKOtlnc, llposertm vur to VIlUI EKE(VO TTOU Ol VaUt8~ TOU OduoUBW~ Buqla~av ro 866la tOU 380U Hrttou. lur tnv aVWtBpW vrico 8nBTT8 Kat Evpierru M8PT~: «Q[VWlj.! flovtoc», 11 OTTo(a otnv u8n(oa 190 EKqlpa~8l rnv BKTTnll~~ tnc vur rnv TTEPlvpaql~ tOU Ouripou, nBVOvta~: «LE xcvevn anno onueto TIl~ Lqla(pa~ 08V urmpxer rmoouoio qlatVO~EVO. a Ounpoc to TTEplBvpalj.!8 ~8 tnv aKp(88la curonrou uuptupoc». Ernv ETTOJ,lEVIl uEn(Ba (oei: 191) 11 M8Pt~ TTapouma~El xnpm ~E til LKuna, Til Xapu8BIl, rnv NBa LKOt(a Kat tnv vrioo 'Hnlo~!

Elvm ava~qllU8~tlltO V8VOVO~ TTW~, vur va BIl~louPVll38( Bva~ TTOnltlU~O~ TTOU va ayy(~el tnv rerterotntn, nrrmrsttm

60

Avturf/( KcpapuOG(

xpovoc. Kat OWV nEW «xPOVO~», svvoco cpxetec XlnlBl:(e~! Anna Yla va ernvoncei evuc nao~ evnv unepoxo nodmouo, xpela~ewl va BaoavlO8el Kat otnv ynwooa TOU. Kat ornoc elver nnEov YVWOl:O ce oflouc, 11 ennllvlK~ ynwooa slvm reftsiu. 0 xopurpnloc uvuftutric tnc ennllvIK~~ ynwoall~ K. Eneu8Eplo~ AKTOUOlaVaKIl~ OTO Buuunoto EPYO TOU «H notaroytvem tnt; ennl1vIK~e; ynciJuUI1e;» (EKO. «!JION»). rUYKeKpl~EVW~, el~ nc oen(oe~ 45 Kat 46 nEyel W E~~~: «To 0 anoYIOl:W~ cvnscreornce etc nonnE~ nE~el~ TO YVWOl:O ypaw uo 0 Kat ensmepe cvmupuxsc el~ rnv enflllvlK~V ynwooa. n.x. '1 nE~I~ muoc, 11 onom W~ «qnoc», nrpripeos to mlcloc ana rnv nE~1 oo-moct».

llepn ana ro urtsp OlaqlWnOnKO EPYO TOU K. AKmUOlavaKil, 0 YVWOl:O~ ouvvporpeuc Tounc Tsurtop am EPYO tou «Eneuu{vta Kat BaKXIKcl uuottuna», avanuel us Ka8e nemouspeur nw~ 0 ncvnpxrncc ennllvlKO~ nortmouoc ncpeustvs mnvepoc uovov oe rrpouuouevn moun nou oEBovwv ro ncvrc. f\Eyel, ftomov, 0 T. TEunop: «01 anoeaiuuueu; etval arro roue; 8eoue; ... 11 ayvrj I.IJUX~ 8a rte; yeueral oe uia pennOVrtK~ «auiouum» Ioeit«; 62, EKO. «/lYKIO[»).

Me anna nOYla, 0 TEunop slvtn evuc ana l:OU~ fl(you~ ~Il 'Ennllve~ nou avnn~ql8llKe nc OKE$el~ l:Juv Enn~vwv l:1l~ npo oWKpanK~~ Kat petuoroxpcnxric srtoxric, Ka8w~ 11

~.

~UIlOIl Kat 11 enorrrelo l:1l~ uvexrppcornc mv~~ elvm ouu-

Bono Kat rnc evoceroc ue tnv ~uonK~ muon ala l:WV VOIll:WV opuucnov.

Ern rrrtsov, 0 KO~ Kwvowvl:IVO~ Kwvowvnv(oll~ OTO E~a(peTO EPYO TOU «!JI1PlOupyof «a: naoaxaotuaet; inc ttavnoouiac totooiac», (EKO. 21oe; AlciJV, oeii. 90-91) uvnrpepet

ArAavri( - To MUUTlK6 rwv MuurKwv

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61

W~ npoc rnv neplrrnoon on 0 YVWOl:O~ raflno~ speuvmnc rapn rKpenlE Eypa$e am rannlKo neplOolKo «SAVEURS», on ow vilma rou Alyalou 8a npenei va ava~Ill:~OOUV onOl nc anll8lvE~ p(~e~ Ka8e MayelpIK~~ l:1l~ Mscovelou, 0 K. Kwvowvnvloll~ anQoelKvuel us utptrvtnxtec anooel~el~ on 0 nortmouoc omelftstm OTOU~ ·Ennllve~.

TEno~, 0 MEya~ nanaIOVl:OnOVo~ - Av8pwnonoyo~ Apll~

N. flourtmvoc anooelKvuel O"(Q EPYO "(QU «To urr~nalO rou apxav8pciJrrou rwv Iletoaiuavov», on 11 Enna~ etvm 11 KOITl~ "(QU nonmo~ou!

KEQ>AAAIO 8'

H KATArKEYArMENH AINH

« 01 avaoKa<l>€~ lJa~ TTAounoav rnv nETpaAWVEla llcvfoo TWV MIKPOOTTOVOUAWTWV IJE TTEPIOOOTEPE~ aTTo 54 TO~EI~ (2'3 8nAaoTIKwv, 2'3 TTOUAIWV, 5 EPTTETWV, 2 alJ<I>lBlwV Kal 1 tjJaplOu))

:4pm; N. nOUAlavot;: (ATTO TO B,B}.(o TOU « To ITT/JAQlO TOU Apxav()pwTToU TWV nETpaAwvwv», aEA. 10)

« 01 KOTOIKOI me nEpl-AlyOlaKrl~ xwpa~ TT€paoav am M€on naAOIOAI81Krl (TTpIV end 100.000- '35.000 xpovio l OTTW~ OEIXVOUV supriuoro (<i>oAIOWTO EpyaAEla, OIXIJ€~, ~€OTpE~) ornv ~UT. MaKEOovla (IlonoTa), nEAOTTovvnoo (HAda), SEooaAla (OX8E~ llnveroti, OTTrlAalO SEoTTETpa~ KaAaIJTTOKa~) ,'HTTEIPO (KOKKlvoTTnAo~, AOTTPOXOAIKO, KapBouvopl - Mop<l>l) AMvvnoo».

rEWpYIOt; K. rEwpyaAat;: t= Itoioi Hoav;» aEUt; 11 )

01 AYO nAATONEI

V n~p~av BUo ortoufitrlot aVBpEe; IlE ro iBtO ovouo. a rrptowe; nflanllV ~WV KWlllKOe; rrmntric, ouvxpovoc rou APlotorpuvouc Kat TaU Eurtoftldou, 'EfiaBE uepoc OE BtaYWVl- 0110 vur npWUI epopa ro 427-424 n.X. H «pxmorepn KWIlWBia rcu eivm 11 «Euuuaxia», 11 onoia BlBaxSI1KE TI1V enoxri rou ApxlBallElou rrofteuou, a nflaTwv un~p~E runoc ow BTlaKpOV Kat EVWHKOe;. LlI1f1aB~, ernfluuouce va stvm OfiOl Ol 'EflflI1VEe; EVWIlBVOl, Bta rouro BypaljJE TI1V «Iuuuaxia». Evprupe OUVOfilKWe; 28 KWllwBiEe; nouddou nepiexouevou, noftmxsc, cxrormxec, IlUSlKBe; K.fln. To umoc ypaljJillaTOe; tau ollOla~El IlE to uepoe; taU Aptotorpuvouc, slvrn OIlWe; KaTa TI1V a~ia xntrotepoc tau IlEyaflou KWlllKOU.

a rtsplqinuoc qnitoooqioc Ilrtrrnov, ~wv enlcnc ASl1vaioc orttoc Kat 0 rrponvouuevoc nflaTWv. a nflaTWv EYEVV~SI1 uno rov Aptottovu Kat TI1V nEplKHOVI1 TO 429 n.X. To npuvllaHKo tau ovouu riro APlOtaKfI~e;, aflfla floyw TOU EmBfll1- TlKOU nupuotriuoroc tau, TI1V UnBpOXI1 oWllaHK~ TOU Blanftncn, aflfla Kat EnElB~ EiXE nfiaTu OTBPVO Kat IlBTWnO anEKfI~SI1 nI\ATON! Kntuvotnv uno nptoroxprmxf OlKOYBVEta, cvnunoc tau Kpittu Kat XaplliBI1. rE l1f1lKla 20 ETWV YVWPlOE TOV rWKpaTI1, IlBVOVWe; rucroc IlBXPl TBfloue;. METa TI1V KawBiKI1 rou rWKpaTOUe;, n~YE ow MByapa, KOvru OTOV eplfloooepo EUKflEiBl1. Enerrn w~iBEljJE OTI1V KaTw

66

AVtOT/K Kcpol1uoliC;

ltcftiu, onou EKEl EYVWPlUE 1:OU nu8ayopElou~. Kctornv Em(jKEcp8IlKE tnv Alyumo. rl:IlV xtopu 1:OU NElfiou E~aKplBW(jE moe tu flEy0j..lEVa wu roflwvo~ vur tnv Al:flaVTloa stVOl aOlaj..lcplUB~l:llm vsvovotul

Iloroco, oufietc Euptortnloc ~ Aj..IEplKaVO~ EPEUVIll:~~ aVacpEpEl vur tnv emoxeurn wu Ilitrmovoc ornv Alyumov, floyw 1:OU on ernfluuouv OlaKaW~ va 0llj..llOupYElmlj..lla OlVIl = pouqirixrpc nou va crroppotpc tu npawanKa vevovotn, OUl:W~ WCHE va unv urttipxst OUl:E xcv (xvoc afillBocpaVEla~ vur W av un~p~E ~ oxi n Al:flavTloa. KOl EVW, rtomov, ayvoouv navl:Eflw~ roue cpumKou~ VOj..lOU~, EV 1:OUWl~ Ollj..llOUPyouv uin Olvll, toors va oloouv tnv svrunoion orouc avaVVWCHE~ moe 1:0 aplG1:OV rEVO~ Ol 'EfiflIlVE~, elvm j..Ila ourornn, KOl Kamfl~youv (j1:O ouunepuouu moe un~p~E KanOTE j..Ila rirtsipoc, 11 MOY, nou xrrturtovnntnxe E~ mrlnc EVO~ CPOBEPOU osiouou, KOl on Ol ola(jw8EVl:E~ nrivnv otnv MEoonoruuln KOl afifiOl ctnv ACPPlK~ Ollj..llOupywvm~ TOV noflm(jj..lo rnc BaBuflwvo~ KOl rnc Alyumou11.

11 0 61aurHlO~ ouvvpacpeu~ - epeuvntnc JAMES CHURCHWARD oro epvo 1:OU «lIepoupia, IJ XallSVIJ nneioo«; 8ewv Kat av8pwrrwvJJ, nvnrpepei on 0 nflaIWV Kat 0 npoKflo~ eVPOl.jJav VIa W Vilma IIl~ 6uoew~ nou etxov 6E:Ka flaou~. Mvel, enloll~, on to aflcpaBnto HIlV EflfI~vwv etvm eva snoc nou ouvIiSeIat ana oUIlBofla IWV Kapa-MavlO Kat stvm eva uvnusto npoc nll~v IWV npovovwv lOU~, Ol onotoi sxnocv III ~W~ lOU~ etnv xcrcorporpn IIl~ Mou. Teflo~, 0 JAMES CHURCHWARD unooIIlPl~el on to aflcpaBnto to emspcv uIIlV Eflfla6a Ol KalOlKOl IIl~ MOY, ouOl 61lfla6~ 61eOw31lKaV ana lOV xrrrrmovnouo, nptv ana 6w6eKa xlflla6e~ xpovur, 'OllwC;, MflOl epeuvnrct l(jXUPl~OVIat on 11 vriooc MOY ~lO unoudn IWV EflfI~vwv xtn on to aflcpaBlllO riruv errtrsuvuc IWV EflfI~vwv, rouitnxrorov rtpw ana 28.000 XpOVlO! navIwc;, au-

ATAaVTic; - To MUOTIKO TWV MUOTKWV

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67

'Ofla tn aVWl:EpW nnoxouv ana a(jacpElE~, rrouveneisc, nvnrpuos«; KOl uouvuptnnlec. ~lon 0 noftmouoc tnc MEoonorculnc, KOl YEVlKW~ rnc A(jla~ ometnerm (jWV ~lOvuoo 1:OV B', (jTOV ~lOVU(jO WV r' KOl (jTOU~ HpaKflEl~. loxupl~ovml, flomov, Ol Ej..Ij..IlG80l «EPEUVIlWl» l:WV (jKOl:ElVWV E~oumaCHWV l:1l~ NEa~ Al:flavl:loo~ (= Aj..IEPlK~), on 11 ME(jOnotuutu ElXE evuv j..IEyaflo noftmouo Kmo 1:0 3.000 rr.Xl ~EV ucc flEVE OJ..lW~, vurri 0 tonoc EKElVO~ OVOj..la~Ew Meoo-noruutc 1:0 3.000 n.X.;

M~nw~ 11 aVWl:EpW (jUV8El:11 flE~1l aV~KEl (jl:I1V yflw(j(ja l:WV BaBuflwvlwv ~ l:WV rllj..lll:WV; 'OXl BE BOla. E~ aflflou, vro va Ka8lEpwBEl uln ovounolo ce svcv j..IEyaflo veroqiuou«i xopo, oruoc 11 Meoonotuutc, nmnrslrm xpovoc, KOl OWV flEYW «XPOVO~», EVVOW WUflaXlGTOV uto xuuetln, OnOl:E EPxOj..lE8a oro El:O~ 4.000 n.X. EW~ TO 3.000 rr.X. nw~ ovoun~owv EKElvll 11 nepioxn: A(jcpaflw~, ME(jonOWj..Ila, ECP' ooov to ouoftovouv ofla tn amanKa nnvnpxmn xetuevo, W onoln nvntpepouv yla nc uercvuoreuoeic EflfI~vwv j..Ila~ j..IaKplv~~ Enox~~12.

IO nou exei onuuotc, etvm on 0 CHURCHWARD nnofiexerm ro vevovoc; on 01 'Eflflllve~ xpncuionoiouv to aflcpaBlllO e6w Kat 14 xlflll'l6ec; XPOVlO {Bit 1.. CHURCHWARO: «lIepoupia, IJ xauevn rmeipo«; 8ewv Kat av8pwrrwvJJ, oeit. 115-118. fK66aetc; IAMBII/XOL, A 8HNA I 1993).

12 0 EBpalo~ E. Halley evpaljJ& ornv «LUVorrnKrj Avia fpacprj» on lleplKa ana tn vevovoro nou nvcrpepovtm Ileoa ornv naflata 61a3~KIl, onrcc n.x. 0 KawKfluoIlO~, ouveBlloav npcvucn, aflfla 01 npwwvwvloIe~ riocv 01 'Eflflllve~ 1l1a~ llaKplv~~ snoxric. Ertlone, 0 E. MnlKepllav (eBpa'iK~~ Kawvwv~c;) oro spvo lOU {{Ot f8paiot (JfIJV fnnIJVICITlKrj Ettoxti», nvnrpeper on 0 koonnoc evpaurs KanOla rronvucrc stc Bapo~ IWV EflfI~vwv nou 6ev eucreBouv, Mafllom, OIIlV ueiH6a 5, 0 MnlKepllav vpacpel rroic VIa to 6~3ev rrpooxuvnuc lOU M. Afle~av6pou npoc lOV PaBBivo, elvm Ilia corelo urroplu, 610n 01 'Eflflllve~ 6ev noooxuvouoovt

68 Avtarf)C; Kcpapuoac;

Anna uc EnaV8nBouI1E <nov nncrrwva.

DTAN Bptoxomv UHe: ~upaKouUEe:, lOV Ecplno~8vlluE 0 rupcvvoc lllOVUUtOe:, anna TOV 8lilW~E, EnElo~ OEV uUI1CPwvouce I1E He: BEwplEe: lOU. Enwn~BIl ornv AlYlva we: oourtoc, lOV EnEuB8pwuE EUTUXWe: 0 cplnoUocpoe: AvvlKEKple:. To 81Oe: 387 n.X. lOPUEl TIlV nnaTwvlK~ AKaOIl111a, 11 onoto OtaTIlP~BIlKE 118XPl TO 529 11.x. lluuTUXWe:, outoc, TIlV KaT~pvnce 0 uuroxpnttop lououvurvoc.

METa DUO anna m~lola uTIlV ~lKEnla, KOVTa orov lllOVUUtO TOV VEOTEPO, En8uTpEtJjE uTIlV AB~va, orrou 118XPl lOV Buvuto lOU oloauKE uTIlV AKaOIl111a.

Em epvo TOU, OtanoYlKa - nftnv Tile: Anoftovluc lOU ~Wxpritouc - EKB8TEl TIlV cplnouocpla lOU I1E TO orouc TaU oauKanou lOU. Xwpl~ovml ru epvn TaU ce 4 «utnvoplec: a) Touc otosponxouc olanoyouc:, ltov, llaxIJC;, XapJii6IJC;, Iluou; Eu8uqJpwv, Anoitovia, Kpiuov, ITTTTiac; eitticotav. B) Touc otanoyoue: Tile: I1EmBaHK~e: neprooou, ttotoravooac, ITTTTiac; ueiaov, Eu8u6IJJioC;, Koatcitoc, Meve~evoc;, AnKIBla61JC;, Iooviac, Mevwv. vl Ta epvn Tile: aKI1~e:, [UJiTTO(JIO, CfJai6wv, Iloiuteia, CfJai6poc; Kat 0) Ta epvn Tile: YEPOVHK~e: IlnlKlae:, napJievi6IJC;, Beaitntoc, Eotpuruu; nonlflKoc;, CfJinIJBoc;, Tiuauu; Kpuitu; Noutn. Evpuure 13 EmuTan8e:13.

13 MEPIKOi ouvxpovoi EPEUVl']tai loxupi~ovml moe 1l0VOV 1']131'] ernotoftn SEwpEi"ral w~ vvricur ...

TO nIITEYO TOY nAATONOI

H OlanEKTlK~ lOU nnaTwvoe: oxortsust TIlV uneufluvn E~8- mull KanOlOU B8l1alOe: Kat TIlV EUPEull Tile: npcvuonK~e: an~BEtae: cs O,H orpopu TIlV ~W~. 'EXEl we: K8VTPO Tile: rputooorptuc lOU TIlV BEwpla TWV IllEON, ollnao~ TWV YEVlKWV EVVOlWV TWV npuvuntov lOU KOUI10U, nou KaTa TOV nnaTwva elvm ouotec curorcrtstc, unoftorsc, aOnEe:, cueTaBnIlTEe: Kat aBavaTEe:. Dl lO8Et:; vtvovrc. ovnftnnrsc OXl I1E He: alUB~uEle:, anna I1E lOV VOU. Hvm tn npxsrurtu TWV alUBIlTWv aVHKElI18VWV, tn onolu elvm aTEn~ cvttvpumu TWV uuovkov lOEWV. H nvtotepn ana He: lO8Ee: slvm aUT~ TOU ayaBou, ollnao~ Tile: 8EOTIlTOC;, 11lll1l0UPYou TWV OVTWV Kat Tile: ernotnunc. H tJjux~ 8XEl ro nOYlUHKo [rtou I1E aUTO ernxoivrovel I1ElOV KOUl10 TWV lOEWV), 1O BUI10ElO8e: (ouvaluBlll1a) Kat co EmBul1llHKO (BounIlUte:J. HBlKOe: avBpwnoc KaTa nnaTwva sivrn 0 auKWV TIlV upstri, nou 118Pll Tile: eivm 11 ootplu, cvopstu, uWCPPOuuVIl Kat nrrvro an' ana 11 Olxmoouvn, cperec unopultntsc vur tnv olOpyavwull Tile: nonlTElae:. ~Ta epvo TOU ettoiuteio» 0 Bsloc nnaTwv EKB8TEl He: lO8Ee: lOU vur TIlV lOEWOIl nofuretn I1E He: TPEle: XWPlUT8e: Ta~Ele: avBpwnwv, TIlV Ta~1l TWV El1nOpWV, BlOTEXVWV Kat YEWPYWV, TIlV Ta~1l TWV cpunaKWV Kat TIlV Ta~1l TWV upXOVTWV. Ta OlKatWl1am Kat KaB~Kovm, 11 nvntporpn TWV natOlWV, 11 B8ull Tile: EmUT~I1Ile:, Bpnoxsluc Kat T8xVIle: ornv

70 AvtOTI')t:; K£papuoat:;

nofurslc KaSopl~OVtal ,.U: aKp(8eta. Apxovl:e~ UI~ norul:ela~ TTpETTel va slvm or qJlnOUOqJOl. Apyol:epa, UTOU~ «NoJ10UC;» Sa eKSEuel tnv 110PqJ~ I1la~ ann'l~ nortuetcc, neoiooorepo TTpaVl1anK~~ xm nly6l:epo lOeal:~~.

Ta epvn TOU Bslou nnanllVO~ elvm SaUl1ama, Olon SewPOUVtal Kat w~ uvnueto TTe~ou rtovou ETTEOpauav TTonu UTOU~ VeWl:EpOU~ Iveonflunovrxn qJlnoooqJla) xm eBo~S,,oav U'll1aVnKa ern Olal10pqJWU'l TOU eupWTTa'(KOU TTVeUl1aTO~ KaTa tnv OlaqJc.lnta'l.

HTAN Eva aUVTOI10 BloypaqJlKo a'll1elwl1a TOU AplaTOKn~-nnal:wvOI:;, aqJou or olaqJopOl «al:naVTOnoYOl» TO aTTOmeuvouv aUOl:'ll1anKa, yeyovo~ TO onoto Exel W~ qJumK~ ouverrsur va I1'lV yvwPI~ouv Ol avayvwol:e~ curov TTOtO~ ritnv 0 nnal:wv, 0 UlO~ TOU Aplal:wvo~ Kat l:'l~ neplKnOv'l~!

01 8PYAOI rIA THN EIACJ)ANlrH MIAr MErAAHr NHrOY

O l Spunol vur evov qJumKo KataKnU0l10 Kat Yla tnv e(aqJavw'l svoc TTpOXWpmlEVOU TTOnm0l10U elvm xoivot os onou~ oxefiov TOU~ naou~ TTOU EXOUV TTPOqJOPlKE~ TTapa06ael~. Yrtripxcv - BEBala - Kat ta cpxelc l:WV Enn~vwv14, anna ue l:OU~ osiououc Kat TOU~ KataTTOVn0I10U~ TTOU TTPO(Ev'laaV tnv annoiwa'l l:OU xdipou, ro Ke[l1eva TTOU cvemepav nspl ATnavTiool:;, xaS'lKav! H mtln uutri e(avaYKaae TOV enn'lVlK~~ Kataywy~~ rspea rnc ~a'loo~ va net OTOV AS'lva[ov ~onwva on:

14 H K. T. nn:oouflll ow epyo lll~ «fnn'1ver; 01 Oeoi f'1r; AwuTTrDu», aValpepel vto rn npxeln lOU KOOlloU tu e~~~: «'Onw~ nposumer ana vsec Ileflele~, nou OIlW~ rmtouv yepa oe cpxctsc nllye~, 0 EfiflIlVlKO~ rroftmouoc exel eva ncvnpxmo napefl30v nou ~eKlva noflu npiv lOV KamKfluollo». TO 8AVMA TOV KOH.1OV, 01 nVPAMillEr THr AlrvnTov, avmvaKflouv nurov aKplBw~ TON nANAPXAIO HAQlANlrBENTA EMHNIKO nOl\lTlrMO, 0 onotoc elxs avamU~&l lfllYYlWlill ernotnuovuei npoofio, 'OIlW~, Ileyaflll~ eKmoll~ yewcpuOlKa vevovorc ... lll~ cvnotpomru; lWV n6f1wv, lWV oei- 0IlWV xm lll~ nflllllllupa~ nou enaKoflou31l0e KaleOlpeLPav tc Ileyaflulepo uepoc lll~ yvwoOIl~ Kat lWV emtsuvuctov lWV EflfI~vwv rnc cmotcrnc sxetvnc nepiooou. nap' 6f1a cure, Kanom lll~llam lilaOw31lKaV csopmouevn oe lilacpopa Ilepll lOU K601l0U. (T. flmJOun'1: <!'Enn'1ver; 01 8eoi tru; AWUTTrou», ceitic 15, SKOOlJlC; «ALDEBARAN», A8HNA11995).

72

Avturf)C; KrpuIJuOac;

«LOnWV, LOnWV, U81~ 01 'Ennllv8~ 8luS8 atwvlw~ natoul.

Kav81~ 'Ennllv 08V 81Vat yEPWV. 0 L6flWV cuu ~KOUu8 outn 1:OU 81n8: nW~ YIV8Wl aU1:0, n 8VV081~ 118 nuttr nou nEY81<:; Kat 8K8IVO~ crmvrncev. 'Dnol 81uS8 VEOl Kma 1:IlV tj.Jux~v, Olon 08V E:X81:8 usou 81<: 1:IlV tj.JUX~V cue xuuulnv ncftrnrrv vvoow 010 1:IlV apxalav ncocooow, ours Kat KaVE:Va IlaSlllla noftmov ana rnv nortuxmptnv. AI1:la nurou 1:OU rpmVOIlEVOU 81Vat 11 8~~~: nonnal KaWU1:pOlPal avSpwnwv E:XOUV YIV81 Kat Sa YIVOUV ana nonna ninn, at nnE:OV uevonU1:8pat ana rrupxrrlrn; Kat KawKnuullou<:, Kat at 1l1KP01:8- pal ana aIlE1:PIlW anna ultur. napa08lwa1:O<: xupw 11 napaoom~ nou 8ntKpa1:81 81<: 1:IlV xopcv cue, on Ollnao~ Kan01:8 0 CPaESwv15, 0 UlO~ 1:OU Hnlou, umou E:~8U~8 1:0 upun 1:OU nnrpoc 1:OU, 8n810~ 08V 81X8 tnv lKaV01:IlW va rrxoflouS~U81 1:OV 10lOV 118 1:OV ncrepn 1:OU OPOIlOV, Kat W ern YIl<: ertuprrortnos Kat nuroc K1:UnIlS81<: ana K8pauvov 81P0V8USIl· AU1:o nE:Y8wl w~ lluSo<:, 8VW nrtpuvurmxotnnr eivm 11 napanna~I<:16 1:WV nE:pl~ 1:1l~ YIl<: n8pl1P8pOIlE:VWV oupnvitov

15 (jJae8wv UlO~ lOU HfHou Kal rnc OK8av(oo~ Knullevll~. OOIlYwV to rtuptrtvouv npun lOU rtntpoc lOU Kal8K8pauvw81l uno lOU

~lO~ Kat en808 napa lOV Hpuinvov rrorouov. .

16 napaififa<u;. Eu; ra l1e<'Ka IJHMHTPAKOV IJHMHTPIOV (Neov Op- 8oifoYIKOV EpJ-l'1VeunKov l1e<IKov], fKAPnOI1A KONHANTINOV (l1e<IKov r'1C; Apxaiac; Eifif'1V1KrjC; fifw(j(jIJc;J, l1e<'Kov IJOPMnAPAKH Kat Netatepov l1e<'Kov rou «HI1JOV)} nnllPoIPopouIl88a on 11 ovtotepto ne~l~ 0lllla(v8l 1l8lannay~, 1l8mBon~ Knn. flllV norpovouln 0lllla(v8l vrovtov oXllllan~ollevllv cno vontac ypalllla~ rpepouevnc cno oupcvrov oWlla rrpoc to KeVlpov lll~ Yll~ Kat npoc 8V anna OIW8(OV lll~ 8mIPaV8(a~ lll~ YIl~. El~ HIV dlitauaVOC; Anoifoyia LWKparouC;)) AnANTA APXAION EI1t1HNON LVffPAqJEON] rwv EKoo(jewv «nAnVPOL}). A8rjvUl 1975, oeitk; 23_ 0 118-

73

Ar),uvric; - To MUUTlKO nov MUUTKWV

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(jwlla1:WV Kat 11 KaWU1:pOIP~ ana 1:0 alPSOVOV rtup Ka1:a uuKPOXPOVta OtaU1:~llaw 1:WV srtl 1:1l~ YIl~ 8UPlUKOllEVWV 6v1:WV ... Oou ropnln ~ 1l8yana ~ KaS' 0l0VO~n01:8 tponov a~IOnoya E:XOUV YIV81 ~ 81~ tnv xtopuv one ~ 81~ tnv 101K~V uuc ~ 81~ annov tonov ana OUOU~ yvwPI~01l8V 8~ aKo~~, 6fla cum eivm ana nanatOu~ xpovouc vpuuusvu 8000 81~ 1:OU~ voouc unc xm E:XOUV otOpyavwS81, Wu1:8 va sivm Ka- 1:annllna 010 W ypallilaw Kat 010 W anna oou elvrn avaVKaia 81~ rue nofterc. 'EPX8Wl Kma KaSOplGIlE:Va xpovixti Otau1:~llaw, ouv IPOB8pa uofleveur, 8VaV1:IOV 1:OU~ peuuc ana 1:OV oupnvov Kat alP~V81 ~WV1:OVOU~ 1l0VOV 1:OU~ nvpuuurrruur; Kat aIlOpIPW1:OU~ ana one, Wu1:8 YIV8uS8 8~ upxnc ncfuv ocv VE:Ol, XWPI~ va VVWPI~81:8 1:ln01:8 ana tu nanata nou 1:UXOV E:Ylvav 811:8 81~ tnv 101K~V uuc Bi1:8 81~ tnv 101K~V cue xoocv ... ». [ilTTavra Apxa{wv Eililtjvwv iuyvoauietov, « Iiuaioc», ceii«; 25, SKOOUSIC; nAnVPOi - Enunn: /lOVIKtj Etauieia reiv EilillJvlKwv toauuauov - A8.tjvat 1975].

'EX81 olKalo 0 18P8U~ rnc LaT60~, OXI OIlW~ Kma exuto 1:0l~ exnro. l'jlon 0 Vf;wIPUmKO~ 1:OU1:O~ xopoc, 0 srrovounuS81~ EI\I\AL, 08V ~1:0 ornoc 8K81vo~ 1:1l~ xwpa~ 1:0U N81nou, WU1:8 va Ota1:IlP1l80uv anwBIl1:01 01 Ncot orouc onotouc BpluKOVWV 1:0 npxeln, Kma ouvenem, 11 rtupnfioon nepuos uno 1l0PIP~ llu80u, Kat 0 llu80~ 08V sivm 1:1n01:8 an no napa

turppnotnc lOU «Tuuilou» K. APAnOnOVI\OV, un~v8ull(~8l 6~l 0 nnalWV 8l~ lOV «nOiftrlKOV}) lOU (296e) 1l8mX8lpl~Eml tnv nE~lv (napanna~l~) Ola va Ka8op(oEl napeKKnlOlv Hl~ KUKnlK~~ KlV~,aEW~ uno HIV KIVIlOlV lOU nrp' snutou xivouuevou. ME mEOW nEyollEva yiVEtal nrrortstpu va epunvsufiel 0 llu8o~ tOU Qlae8oVlO~ IlE Bnow IPUOlKa vsvovorc.

74

o iepunxoc KWOlKae;. rUYK8KplJ,leVWe;, 0 J,lu30e; sivm 11 UHOpia TOU unomrrou napen30vtOe;. ManuHa, 0 APUHiwv Ape- 3ae; elrrs on: «Elr THN Et\t\HNIKHN MV80t\OrlAN nPArMATA ATTA noppo AnEXOVN TOV MV80V KAI IrTOPIAN AnOTEt\OVN». Ito «l\ecflKov Epl1f]veUrlKOV rov Evoocforarwv EiIilrjvwv Iloutua» Kat Euvvoaiuetov» tOU Ipnvoptou BepvnpoaKIl evnueooverm 0 Ka3evae; nci>e; to OUmaOtlKOV «MV- 80b rtnpnvsrm 8K rou ouvdstou oriuctoc uu-Bsro ~ J,lu-3eoum. l\llnao~, to npterov OUV38tlKOV, 11 pi~a tou, slvm to J,lOPlOV «J,lU», Kat to 08Ut8PO, to Beun tOU, 11 pi~a 380J,lal. To «J,lU» ollnoi: OJ,llnw, OlllyouJ,lat, to 08 «3ew» ~ «3eoJ,lat» 011- J,laiV81 on OIIlYOUJ,lat Katl tpsxovruc. {Bilsrre Kat «l\ecflKov inc Eililf]VIKrjC; rilciJuUf]C;» rou Av8{110U ra(rj, sKoomc; BlSVVf]C; 1835). rvwpi~w nwe; 11 epuqvsln tOU OUmaOtlKOU MV- 80r, oev evcrroxeum 81e; roue qllnonoyoue; Kat ynwooonovouc, olon 08V nurropouv va urtopplurouv tnv opflornrc aurnc tile; OlatunOuJ,leVIle; anOLP8we;, em' OOOV tn QUo npouvaql8p3evta t\8~IKa to an0081KVUOUV nsplrpnvc. Mu30e;, nomov, 01lJ,laiv81: qlWV~ J,lOnle; aKOuOJ,leVIl 8~ attiae; tile; ou~llt~08We; nou yiV8tal eni tpoxnonv, H evvour tOU elvm coql~e;: neyw ern rpoxndnv anll3~ Y8YOVOta. ruv8nci>e;, 01 exovrec «ev380V» ucvtnv Kata tWV Mu30noywv, Kana Bn KaVOUV va eYKatan8iLPouv nc 0IaLP8uoele;, Olon 08V 3a npsn81 va nIlOJ,lOVOUV tov nnatwva Kat rov Holofio, roue orrolouc crrorretpdflnxcv va OlaLPeuoouv MONO~ 0001 8aoi~ouv tnv orpnnov tOU nV8UJ,latlKOU aUVaVLOJ,lOu. 0 Beloc nnatwv slns: «01 Mu80iloYOl tiev rjuav ololorjrrOrE:, aitit« aotoovo- 1101 Kat itentoitovoi» {«Kparuiloc;» 401-404). 0 08 Hotoooc 81n8: «EyciJ oe «e Ileoon ettuuua l1u8f]ua{l1f]v» (Kat 8yW ern-

75

ArAavric; - To MuorlKo rwv MuorKwv

------

BuJ,lW va elmo 81e; tOV nepoll J,l8plKee; an~381ee;) (Hu(oooC;: <lEpya Kat Hueoai», otixot; 100C;).

Aut~, nomov, elvm 11 nnavtnon moue; aOOKlJ,lOUe; speu-

vlltee;.

AYTOI nov ENOXAOYNTAI Ano THN nPArMATIKH AAH9EIA

M EPlKOi ~vSpumo~ 01 onoio~ aUtO:napouma(OVTal toouv auSEvnEe; Kat eivm - «nrc napaoo~ov rpono - anOOEKtOi rmo KanOlOUe; «ElOlKOUe;», lOxupi(oVTat J,.IE «EVSEI1» J,.Iavia moe OnOKnl1PI1 11 YI1 ~TaV KanUmOJ,.lEVI1 nn~pwe; uno uoaTwv. Eav OJ,.lWe; riro KanUmOJ,.lEVI1 (oKEnaOJ,.lEvll) 11 vn uno uoaTwv, TOTE OEV Sa elxuv unoxwp~OEl, EqJ' OOOV OEV Sa elxnv nou va neve.

'EXOVTEe; urt' OijJlV TIlV KaTaOTaOIl TWV apxaiwv KElJ,.lEvtav, Ollnao~ rn vvriom KEiJ,.lEva lOU MaVESWVOe; Kat J,.IEPlKEe; avaqJopEe; nou OlawnWVOVTat OtO anOKpUqJO BlBniov (r/op6aii<ov EuayyeilLOV}P Kat lOV J,.IuonKO KWOlKa lOU nnaTWVOe; OTa epvo lOU « TiJ1aLOe;» Kat «Kptriae;», orrou J,.IEoa UE nuru rn QUO BlBilia, urtrrpxouv ypaJ,.lJ,.lEva anna QUO BlBnia tu orroic vivovtrn xntcvonrri uovov ana ooouc yvwpi(ouv ornv EVlEnEla ro nUSayopElO oUOTIlJ,.la ...

rvwpi(OUJ,.lE on Eva 0IlJ,.lavnKo J,.IEpOe; ana tu coxeto Tile; AlnavTiooe; ExaSIl oKoniJ,.lwe;, EnElO~ aVEqJEpE moe 0 nonl-

17 lop6aii<6v EuayyeillOv' Eva oncvio xetusvo to onoio elvm aUTO nou 0 Anootonoc: naunoc: Eneye «to ll'ilKO 1l0U EuayyEnlo». (Bil. Emaroilrj TTPOC; PW/1aiouc; B: 16, Koptv8iouC; Ll: 3, Iaitatac A: 6, 8eaaailovlKeic; B: 14 Kat TTOC; Ituoseov B: 8).

ATAaVTit;; - To MUGTIKO TWV MUGTKWV 77

nouoc ~EKivIlOE ana TIlV Ennaoa, Kat on 01 'EnnllvEe; nnoiKOI rionv nutoi nou exnorunouv roue ATnaVTEe; KOla TI1V 1711 xuuerto rtpo XplOlOU. Exaf:lll - nomov - onurrvtuco J,.IEpoe; TWV npxekov, E~ mnnc Tile; KaKlae; tOU Beofioolou lOU MEyanou otnv KaKla. ETTIOIle;, 0 AnaplXOe; EKaijJE Kat YKPEIllOE ro lEPO Tile; EnEUOIVOe;, roue ~EnqJOUe; Kat onoue; roue iepouc xtopouc. KaTa nc cpxec TWV nutokptrtopucrov opaOTIlPlOT~TWV rrou TTpOEKanEOE EV xpurrrto TI1V E~aqJaVlOll KaSE (xvouc lOU EnnllvlKOU norunouou, Kat OTaV 01 EBpaiOl nou KanUmOVTav KaTw ana lOV xpurnnvuco llavQUa TOV nupotpuvuv va ouvextost to «SEapEOlO» EPYO lOU, ermuce nnEov va xptrrtr tu TTpOOX~llaTa! Ev ouvsxstu, 0 uuir; nurou, o ApKUOlOe; OEV aqJlloE TITToTE OpSlO, KaSWe; lOOTTEOWSf1KE onll 11 xroprr, EVW ro 95% Tile; KnaOOlK~e; EnnllvlK~e; CJllnonoviae; xntectptirpn cuornurrnxroc uno roue 10lOUe;, EnElo~ riccv IllOEnnIlVEe; Kat avf:lEnnllvEe;, roureouv OKOTaOlOTEe;. Apvorepn, suqmvtofinxuv upxerol ExSPOI Tile; Ennaooe;, TWV Enn~vwv Kat TOU EnnllvlOllou. Evuc E~ nuttov ~TaV 0 nanae; rpIlYOplOe;, 0 onoloc OIETa~E va «utuorpcqiouv ona rc EnnllvlKa ouvvpcuuctn, IOlalTEpa EKE Iva ru OTTOla riouv ypaw uevo IlE KwolKa, ollnao~ 11 MuSonoYla! 0 nanae; rpllYOplOe; elxs we; OIKatOnoYla noic «Tu BlBnla nurn nnouuxpuvouv roue motouc uno we; ooouc lOU IEXwBa».

o novrlrpnf Ipnvoptoc KanUmETal OUVEXWe; vm Eva yE' vovoc to orroto TTapouma~El Til YUIlVla lOU Bnnxcvou. EoYKBKptJ1eVWe;, 0 Ikuuu; auroe; 6wpo6oKtj8IJKB aTTO roue; EBoaiouc, oouoc taote va ouuouv ttx BtBilia otnv TTUpti!! Hvm YVWOTOV on 01 TTEPlBoIlTEe; BI8nlOS~KEe; riouv Tile; AnE~avopElae;, Tile; Kupnvtnc Kat tile; PWIlIle;. E( tiililou, Ot EBpaiol

78

Avturf)C; KfpapUOac;

ticav auroi ttou xPI1/larooorl1aav Kat rov Mouaouil/lavo «araKrl1rtj ~/lPOU, Via va IUxuporrol118ei 0 ctaatot; tou, aitit« ue tnv rrpourro8ea11 va xtnaotoeuset ta BIBilia rl1~ Aile~avOPIVtj~ BIBilI08tjKI1~. Vrav 0 ~/lPOU etaeiteoe tu; evtoitet; reiv epvooorwv tou, slrts: «'EKal/Ja ta BIBilia, olon av aura ttepieixav rrill1poqJopie~ rrc ottoiec exe: Kat ro KOpaVIOV, rors 01 aitninvo! tuatoi tiev nc Xpela(OVral».

01 Hioaio; O/lW~, eixav tj011 aprra~el vupw otouc 10.000 eilill1vIKOU~ touout; Via IOIKa reiv oqJeill1. Anna Kat Ol 'Ennllvee KaTop8woav va 6laowoouv uepucouc norumuouc TOuouc npoc omertoc TIl~ smorriunc, nqiou elxuv nponaBel ~61l va cvnvpmpouv xtmour ollllavnKa epvn Kat va TO KPUuiouv.

Ol TOIlOl nou nnpuv Ol EBpalOl, cpunaooovTOl one cuvnVWVE~ TWV, evw cpserouc E6woav om Bnnxnvo, EXOVTO~ we: umctepo OKano va Kep6l00UV rnv suvour TWV nornxonaTivwv. Ano roue TOIlOU~ nou eKnanlloav eK IlEPOU~ TWV louoctrov, oUllneplnallBavovTOl Kat epvn TWV Ava~lllav- 6pou, Ava~lIlEvoU~, Hpcxrtslrou, Apurrupxou rou falllou, Bsorrounou, METWVO~, lrmoxpntouc Kat annwv Enn~vwv focpwv. Ta ennllvlKa vptmtrr uvnusto TO xpnmuonolnccv Ol EBpalol 6la l6lKa TWV OCPEnll ... xm elvrn an~8ela!... Ol nanupoi ourol cpunaooovTOl oe ulo eBpa·(K~ ouvavwv~ TIl~ Zuptxnc. MEPO~ TWV npxnirov uutciv EnnllvlKwv mmuptov 66- 81lKe orov Kortepvueov, rov Kninftep, rov NeuTwv (Nloumv) Kat rov A"(voTalv, ue CPUOlK~ cuverrsm a evnc ana nurouc va «avaKanuijJel» 6~8ev TOV Hruoxevtpreuo, annoe: va VVWpl~el nspl Vll~ Knn. Kat annoe: va «avaKanUmel» TIlV 8ewpia Tile: oxenKOTIlTO~ ... !!! Enl ni'lEov, xpnourorrotnouv OUV-

79

ArAavric; - To MuurlKO rwv MuurKWv

------

acpel~ Ol onoloi EvpaijJaV BlBnia ue TIlV «aKnoVIlTIl» 6~~~v 8ewpia on a nortmouoc vevv~8llKe OTIlV ATnavTi6a Kat OXl OTIlV Enna6a. AUTO 6ev elvrn OWOTO Kat 8a TO ounnorto-

ooulle napaKaTW.

KAI AAAAI AnOAEIIEII rIA TO rErONOI OTI 0 nOAITIIMOI npOHA9E Ano THN EAAAAA

K urroior «HHOPlK01» Senrwav 8ucpanj.levw~ va KaSoplcouv lJ]V npxr] l:r]~ unopluc l:WV loalwv ~ Mlvw·IH.l:JV ~ KOUPr]H.l)V ~ KPr]H.l)V 10 3.320 n.X. Ilponrtrrdncuv va UUUX8- l:lUOUV nutnv us lOV ncprmoinuevo KOlanoyo lOU MaveSwVO~. Anna vur 10 note apxl~8l r] urropln l:r]~ Alyumou, 81Vat aj.lcpiBonr] r] ertoxri KOla rnv onotcv eYlV8 r] oncpxri W~ eSvou~, ~ 8Ul:W W~ cpun~~. ~r]j.laula eX8l on Ol 'Ennr]V8~ npoOn~p~av nonne~ xuuertsc l:WV Aivumhov. ~la lOUlO Ol nonEl~ nou lOpuuav, oruoc r] Hfhourtofuc, r] 8~Ba, r] ~aT~ K.a. or]nwvouv moe r] Alvumo~ rituv xtopu nou rnv xcroucouocv j.laupOl, anna us nc 8Tllj.l8l~lE~ ue lOU~ 'Ennr]VE~, nripuv tnv YVWUl:~ uoomn,

o MaV8Swv Iupxrepeuc Kat vprruumeuc l:WV Aivurmovl W~ Ennr]vwl:~~ eypa4JE ornv 8nnr]VlK~ ynwuua tnv ioroplu l:r]~ Alyumou. Ta ioropucc vevovoru, 0 MaveSwv rn nftnpoCPOp~Sr]KE ana nc 18pe~ ~enlOu~ l:WV Nawv, or]nao~ ru l8pa BlBnla to onoio ricnv tn upxsln l:r]~ Awurrrou. 'Dj.lW~, ana nc apxe~ lOU E' u.X, AlWVO~ Ol loudnloi nou Kanumovtuv uno lOV xpumuvuco uovouc, Kat exuuuv nponcvcvcn Kal:a l:r]~ Ennaoo~ Kat lOU Ennr]vlUj.lOU, ue ftaxBIKrj itoooa,

AT},avTi~ - To MUUTtKO TWV MUUTKWV 81

nnpurrolnonv eva onucvru«i j.lepo~ l:WV vptmttov lOU MaveSwvo~!! Eutuxoc, unupxouv j.lEplKa UWUl:a xsluevrr l:OU Alyumlou coxrepecic tn onoln Sa 0l1l.lOUlEUSOUV UlO EYYU~ j.lennov. Kal:a lOV 170 nuevo j.lEl:a XPlUlOV, r] «rropto tnc Alyumou ncpouomcsrm atto KarrolU ellllw8a oovava rrev Jnnoullivarcuv eseivnc tnt; enoxtu; Kat 810lKa arro roue; EBpaioue; toaneiiiec PorUlnvr Kat PIKapvro, ornoc ouvsCPEPE UlOU~ onovovouc lOU «UOCPOU» ~onWj.lWvm Kat lOU «UUVElOU» Auvav. ME anna noyw nupouotnouv l:OV mvurrncxo rtoftmouo W~ ncuvxprto, ornoc entonc Kat l:OV noiuHUj.lO l:WV ~OUj.lEp1WV Kat l:WV nEpUWV. Ev routorc, Ol MEyanOl epeuvntsc, onroc Ol MEyuep, MaunEpw, Nwpav, MopYKav, 'EBav~ Kat annOl onouoclor ETllUl:~j.lOVE~, E~aKpiBwonv nw~ Ol KUKnaoE~, r] Kpritn, r] EuBOla Kat r] MaKEoovla 81Vat norni coxciorepec rrspioxec UE nofunouo ana o,n mUl:EUEml. Enl nneov, 0 MEyano~ cpxmoftovoc 'EBav~, onw~ enionc 0 rKnOl:~ Kat annOl OWKEKplj.leVOl ETllUl~j.lOVE~, nvuyouv rnv npxri tnc ioropluc tnc Kp~l:r]~ El~ tnv eKl:r]v xtnLEliav. OUl:OUO, r] nonmunK~ avamu~r] tnc Kp~l:r]~ 81Vat aucpanw~, ornoc anEoElxSr] ana rnv apxatOnOYlK~ UKarrcvn, nonu nuftrnorepn an' o,n VOj.ll~aV UlO napEnSOv.

Ta Olacpopa xttouuru me Ennaoo~ uvrixouv ornv low texvotporttn. 'Dna sxouv lOV uctcvooo, tu aEl:Wj.lam, EVW r] cpxrrsxrovuei ypaj.lj.l~ sxsr rnv cmetnptc tnc ornv nuvnpxmn nofln uov EnEuSEpwV tnc lhsptuc Kat cp8aVEl ew~ tnv 28r] xuustlc n.X. ~UUwXW~, ornv 10r] xuusrtn n.X. xrrrertoVtluSr]Kav ana rn aKpa l:r]~ NOl:loU Ennaoo~, lowll:Epa l:r]~ nEnonovv~uou, orroic entonc Kat r] apxlK~ n6fll~ l:WV ASW VWV r] onoto Bptoxoruv ornv KwnaToa. (EE AI A8rjvat Kat 17

82

AVtUT'1C; KEpapUOac;

apXIKr] ttoit«; rwv BryBciJv SUpi(JKOVro SI(; tnv KWTTatoa. Bil. «Nsorspov EYKUKiloTTalOIKOV I\SC;IKOV rou 'HilIOU», ilr]/l/la 'Oyuyoe;J.

o Bpernvoc npxrtexrtov P611nf:pt Qlupvoo- T~6pvwv (1905-1979), npiv VlVf:l KaSI1Vllt~<; rnc loropluc till; APXltf:KtOvlK~<; GtO ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION SCHOOL rou "OVlilVOU (1934-663), f:PvaGSIlKf: upxetti xpovur a llilO<; W<; cpxuexnov.

rtO EPVO tau etotopia inc ApxlreKrovIKr]e;» uvnqieper W f:~~<; VLa tOV EflflllvlK6v llortmouov:

«0 nortmouor; Kat 11 smppori tll<; Apxala<; Eflflalia<; cnotEflf:Gav til BaGIl svoc ofl6KflllPOU K6GllOU. Tnv ernppori aut~ tnv ouvnvtriue GE neproxsc nou KaWKt~SIlKav an6 tov MEva AflE~avlipo, ornv Mf:vaflll Eflflalia, Kat tf:fllKa orn Pwlla"(K~ Autoxpuroptc. H Mf:vaflll KflaGmK~ Enoxri, nou Kaflunrst ououronsn lillo Vf:Vf:E<; ASllva"(K~<; «noplcc (tov 50 rr.X, m., onere Kal lif:Gn6~f:1 11 1l0Pq:J~ rou nf:pIKfl~) EXf:1 nnpouourorel lIE to rtspuuuo evoc xounrn: Mla uuxpoxpovn, apv~ npomrpuoxeun, ulu ouvtoun avaflalln~ emrsuvucnov Kat, uotepn, lIla llaKp6xpoVIl, apv~ KatapPEUGIl. 0 GUVXpOVO<; avSpwno<; apxl~EI VLa uuc lIE tnv rtportn Ellq:JaVLGIl rou 'Eflflllva GtO npOGK~VIO tnc urropiuc». [PO/lTTSpr f/JupvciJT(opvrav «H lotopia rrye; ApxlrsKrovIKr]e;», oeitk; 33, SKO. « VTTOOO/lr]» J.

napa tnv flavSaGllEVIl EKtlllllGIl tOU P611nEpt QlupvooT~6pvwv KaS 6n unOGtllPl~EI GE Eva aflflo onueto rou BlBfllOU rou, moe uovov 0 alvunnaK6<; rrofunouoc noonvetrm tou EflflllvlKOU, ev tOUtOI<;, 01 'EflflllvE<;, flEVEl, ncov 01 1l0- valilKol rrou ~EnEpaGaV roue Alvumlou<;.

83

AT},aVTic; - To MUUTIK6 TWV MUUTKWV

------

AGq:Jafloo<;, 0 aVWtEpW opxrrsxnov nou EvpaljJE rnv "IHOPIA THr APXITEKTONIKHr" EnEGE SUlla nov unormov f:Kf:lVWV BlBfllWV nou cvnrpspouv moe 01 AlvumlOl Kat 01 Mf:GonOtalllOl nponvouvrm an6 roue aflfloul;; flaou<;. OGt6- GO, nnofiexsnn to VEvov6<; moe W nnvru ometrtovtm orouc 'EflflIlVE<;!

Evuc aflflo<; BPEwv6<; ouvvpnrpenc, a Iouorttsp PElllOV NtPEIK, a orroloc elvm evuc npoxopnuevoc uuotnc, GtO EPVO tau «/Jla(Jrry/lav8pWTTOI Kat ITTrajJSVOI Oi(JKOI (Jrryv Eililaoa», one Gf:fllliE<; 63, 78, 85, 132, avaq:JEpEI W<; npoc tnv nsptrmoon, 6n:

« ... H npxnln AS~va VlKIlGE tnv Atflavtllia VLa va GooGEI tOV K6GllO, ooGnou KataGtpaq:JIlKE 11 lliLa an6 til uolpu mc., Hvoupa 01 ASllvalOl napaKlv~SIlKav an6 tOUl;E~WV~Ivouc., 0 l\6KtWP QlflElllVK, tou tvotrrourou Dxeuvovpcq:Jla<;, avaKafluljJf: 6n one tEflEutalE<; xlfllaliE<; xpoviu 11 llsftortovvnooc BuSlGtllKE an6 1 ll. W<; 4 . an6 tOV Boppn npoc til lillGIl, sve tn liunKa Vilma KuSllpa Kat AvnKuSllpa uljJooSIlKav vupw GW 3 ustpu. Aut6 to BouflLaVlla tWV EflflllvlKooy aKtooV f:~IlVEl til qicvspn eflflElljJll upxnkov noftmGllooV nou urtnpxnv, aflfla E~aq:JavlGtIlKav uno npooomou

VIl<; a l\6KtWP <PflelllVK avaKafluljJE 19 BuSLGllevE<; n6-

flEl<; a 80uKulillill<; osv ~~EPf: ttrrotu VI' nurec nc BUSl-

ouevec n6flEl<; ... a nflatwv KavEl fl6vo VIa kntrmovnoue-

vee n6flf:l<; ... ».

,

l\EV xpEla~Ovtal oxofuc, 01 aliEGllEutOl ernotriuovsc

nnofiexovrm to VEvov6<; 6n urnrpxouv BuSLGllevE<; rtpcr GtOplKe<; n6flEll;, Eq:J' 6GOV eVLVav ~lill apKEte<; avaKafluureic Kat6mv IOlwnK~e; npwtOBouflla<;, EVoo IO Eflfll1VlK6

84

AvtUT'I~ KE:paJ1ui5a~

KP(:n:O~ nfimqiopelll rUVEm.o~, 0 8Elo~ nncrrwv OEV EnEVE ij!EJ.lOla. Ol J.lOVOl nou ij!Euoov1Ol EIVOl Ol Ka1OUKEUaUJ.lEvOl «EmUT~J.lOVE~» EJ.lJ.llUBOl TWV uKOTElVWV KEVTPWV E~ouula~ TWV HnA. tnon EKTO~ ana lOV upxnvflptorto TWV nETpanwVWV nou avaKo:nUij!E 0 naVKoUJ.lIOU Ql~J.lI'I~ VEwnovo~-nanOlOVlOnOVO~ Apll~ llourucvoc, avaKanuQlBIlKE oro ~EunonlOV ~ ~lunllnlov TIl~ Knotopurc, uur nnvripxmrr noruc, J.lE vpaQlE~ TIl~ 61l~ xlnlETla~. Em nnEOV, J.lla VEa EVTunWUlaK~ avaKo:nUij!1l ~nBE oro qnoc, nou aQlOpo: KOl aUT~ Ul:IlV «npototoptxn» vpaQl~ lOU EnnaOlKOu XWpOU.

«rTIlV EPIlJ.l0VlluIOa TWV Bopekov rnopo:owv (20 J.llnla nrtnolov TIl~ Anovv~uou) KOl oro «rn~nOlOv TOU KUKnWnO~» cvsoxcrpnonv KEpaJ.llKO: Bpnuountc (oUTpaKa) vpurmov ovveuov, uTIlV ernmnvem TWV onokov EXOUV xnpcxdel UUIl" Bona ncvouoununn J.lE VPO:J.lJ.la1O lOU KnaUUlKou EnnllvlKou anQlaB~lOu. Ta OUTpaKa aUTO: xpovoftovouvtm J.lE1O~U lOU 6.000-5.500 n.X.».

rpO:QlEl W~ npoc TIlV nsplrrrtomv 0 K. flcv.A. KouBanO:KIl~ eic 10 nsproducov «/Jauiloc;» (Teuxo« 185, oeitic 11.379, A81}vat 1997J.

H vpaQl~ TWV Bopekov rnopo:owv EIVOl novouoioturrn J.lE 10 VPO:J.lJ.la1O TOU KnaUUlKou ennllvlKou anQlaB~lOu. EnOJ.lEVW~, 10 IWVlKO AnQlo:BlllO J.lE 10 XanKlolKo EIVOl TOuO nonOlO: WuTE xO:VOV1Ol uTIlV axnuv TIl~ toroptcc. Ta VPO:J.lJ.la1O - nomov - lOU KnaUUlKOU EnnllVlKOU anQlaB~lOu npourrnpxav apKETE~ xifuettec TIl~ Ka1OuTpOQl~~ TIl~ ATnavTloo~. Euverucc, XaJ.lEVO~ xonoc vtu Ko:nolOU~ «EPEUVIlTE~» nou xa'(OEUOUV 10 EpEBo~ ...

85

ATAaVTi~ - To MUUTIKO TWV MUUTKWV

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nEpav onwv aUTWV, BnEnOUJ.lE uTIlV «/iluioa», TOV 'OJ.lIlPO va uuc nnllPoQlOpcl 10 E~~~:

«0 HuuQlo~ xo:pa~E one onnE~ TWV BOOlWV tn QlPo:ull: 0 AUT6flUKO~ J.lE KnEBel». ('OJ.lTJpoc;: «/illllC;», PatlJ(i)oia Z).

'EXOUJ.lE, nomov, nxoun uro neotrocvn anOOel~1l on TIlV VpaQl~ TIlV Vvwpl~av nonno: XPOVla npiv TIlV snoxn lOU aOUuuEW~, aKOJ.l1l KOl Ol Bocxol, aQlOU slxuv TIlV ouvrorntc va OlaBo:uouv TIlV ncprmuvto mpcon. To IWVlKO AnQlo:BlllO, unouTIlPI~OUv Ko:nolol, nou vvwPI~ouv 10 EnnllvlKO: MUU1:~pur, npoOn~pxE apKETE~ xuuertsc TIl~ ATnavTloo~. Enl nnEov, 10 «lIuypa (J1}J.lara», nouEmvolluE 0 BEnEpEQlOvTIl~, 10 J.lETEQlEPE EN nlNAKI nTYKTO Ice rtlvuxu nou olnnwvE), omoc entonc 11 rpaJ.lJ.llK~ rpaQl~ A' KOl B', nccv KaTu nonu npxrnotspu ana TIlV ~' xifuetlu n.X.

a npxtspeuc TWV ~EnQlWV, Ilftoumpxoc, avaQlEpEl on 0 AVlluinao~, BaUlnEa~ TIl~ rno:pTIl~, OlE1O~E va cvuoxeuuuBEI 0 TO:QlO~ TIl~ Buoliuoocc AnKJ.l~VIl~ J.lIlTEpa~ lOU HpaKnEou~18. a AVllulnao~ BP~KE uiu nLBlvll nnO:Ka Ul:IlV onotn urtnpxs uin vpaQl~ nou KavEI~ an' oftouc OEV slxs TIlV ouvnrnmrn va tnv OlaBo:uEl, Enelo~ 11 ypaQl~ nutri, lOU~ rirnv TEnElw~ uyvwuTIl, KOl npn navO:pxala. AvaYKo:uBIlKE va uTEiflEl TIlV nnO:Ka J.lEuW lOU rnapnuTIl AYIlTOpiOIl orov BaUlnEa TIl~ Alyumou, 0 onoloc ntuv Qllno~ TOU. a AYllulnao~ slxs W~ nrrtorspov oxono tnv anoKpumoypO:QlllullTIl~ Em-

18 0 AVlloirlao~ 0 8' (444-369 n.X.) u16~ lOU APXlOOJ..l0U tO~ 86 an~ tnv 8amrllK~ OlKoVsvEla nov npoKrlEIOwV ~ Eupun.ovnOUlv, n.apa tu oUlJ..lanKO lOU ErlanwJ..law (KoVt6~ Kat «ouroocl, aVEOElx51l ovopa~ opaOt~plO~ J..lE ouvat~ 5snllOIl, ouvstor; Kat noftu IKavoc otPatllV6~ Kat noftrtucoc, J..lE navErln~vta aI05~J..law.

86

AVtGTI)C; KcpalluOac;

vpaqJ~~, anna 0 BaUln€U~ rnc Alvumou O€V OlE8€t€ retoiec usuvornrec, wen€ va anOKUlOlKOnOl€1 navapxm€~ - Vla €K€IVIl tllv erroxri - vpumsc, Il€ cnorerteoun va at€tn€l rov AVllmplOIl ern MEllqJlOa, orrou €K€I rituv 0 XOVOUqJl~, €lOlKO~ one nanalE~ €nnIlVlKE~ vpaqJE~. 0 XOVOUqJl~, umou €~Etaa€ Dna to €nnllvlKa anqJa8fJta, urroxpurrrovpnmnoe to KE:IIl€VO ro onolo EnE:YE: on: «DC; Mouaac; aywva ouvteitetasa: «eiteoei» ra voauuata». (~Ilnao~, Ol MouaE:~ E:lOOnOlOuv Il€ tn ypallllata va tE:nE:a80uv avwvE:~).

. Etnv ertoxri tqc Bnolruoouc AnKIl~VfJ~, unripxav nonna E:nnfJVlKa anqJa8llta, xrn cpu EXOUIlE: aKoll1l uiuv nepltpuvn anOO€l~1l on 11 vpaqJ~ vro roue 'EnnllvE:~ oro tEnll rnc 101l~ XlnlE:tla~ n.X. nrov ncetvvcorn. AnnUlatE:, OE:V 8a npener vn ucc OlaqJE:UY€l ro YE:Yovo~ nmc vur rnv srnvonon €VO~ anqJa8~mu XpE:la~otav xpovoc, Ollnao~ Il€PlKE~ xinl€tlE:~!

Errl nnEov, 11 apxalOnoYlK~ oxurtnvn EqJE:PE: am qJUl~ anna Eva €nnllVlKO anqJa8llm, to orrolo slvm ncfunotepo, touftnxiotov errni xlnlaOUlv XPOVUlV uno auto nou cvarpspotuv ornv unreco rou HpaKnEou~. Ilpcxeum vur uur ni- 8lvIl nnaKa nou avaKanUij!E: 0 xputrroeflpnlor; UlKE:aVOvpaqJO~ Kouoro, anna YVUlatOnOl~8IlKE: uovov nrro rnv erpnuepioa «[TAP», rov MalO lOU 1966. 'OIlUl~ a€ niVE:~ IlIlEPE:~ Olaij!E:Ua8IlKE:, nEVOVta~ moe 11 ernvpnqiri riruv tll~ KnaaUlK~~ enoxric. Twpa, n oxeon EXE:l 11 nE~l~ «Ar-itnv», ornoc enlonc xm Ol nE~E:l~ «Iltpu;», «Ina- Tba» xm «H80vOIlUl~», E:iVOl VE:VOVO~ nUl~ OE:V nE:i8ouv Ol 4JE:UOo-E:mat~llovE:~, Olon oftsc oi ovrorepro nE~E:l~ xPIlUlIlOnOl~8IlKav nrro rnv 1511 xinlE:tla EUl~ tnv 411. EKtO~ lOUlOU, ilia aliEallE:Utll tornxri

87

ATAaVTic; - To MUGTIKO TWV MUGTKWV

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E:qJllllE:p[Oa trl~ AvOpou nov V~aUlV Mnaxalla~, Evpaij!E: vur to 8EIla nuro on ru nuvru OqJE:[novtm otouc 'EnnllvE:~ tOU llaKPlVOU napE:n8ovto~ xm on 11 n[8lvll ernvpurpri etvm yV~Ula Kal ypallllEvfJ ana lOU~ 'EnnIlVE:~ tnc 101l~ XlnlE:t[a~!

Ev touroic, 11 sqmueptc cum, enauos nnEov tnv KUKnoqJop[a tnc tOV LE:mEll8plo lOU 1966, Ka8w~ onE:~ Ol ermPE:[E:~ rmsoupnv nc olaqJllll[a€l~ toiv xm rnv oO~Vllaav om OlKaat~pla 1lE: rnv xntnvoplu yla 4JE:UOE:I~ E:lO~aE:l~. H niBwn nnaKa rnc 10fJ~ xuuerlnc ypaqJE:l tu E:~~~:

«na[pvoullE: tu anna Ila~ Km tn llE:taqJEPOUIlE: otnv natpifin unc, tnv 'Ina- Th«, AqJ~vOUIlE: tnv xepu cue, anna av lOnll~aouv Ol VEOl KaKo[ IlVEtE:~ one va Ila~ KfJPU~OUV lOV noftsuo, 8a one nqinvlnouus. H 8aa[nlaaa ucc, fJ H80vollall, OE:V one 8E:UlpE:1 Atnav onoic lOXUp[~Ovtm Ol VEOl npxnvo! one, uiol lOU OqJE:Ul~. H 8aaiihaaa uuc, 8uVaTEpa tnc oupcvine H80vollall~, one 8E:UlPE:[ Ul~ evuv cxnpioto nao nou OE:V €OE:x81l rnv qJln[a tnc»,

A~ tu napoull€ ana Il€ tnv a€lpa. Ka8w~ Ol olaqJopOl nao[ rnc AtnavtiOo~ oloax81lKaV cno tOU~ 'EnnfJv€~ €U€PVEt€~ «ov llE:plKa norurnun uuonxu, €VOlllOaV moe EVlvav tooi 11' uurouc, «m on O€V 8a npsrrei va rmpcuelvouv Atnav, ollnao~ svnc nao~ TlOU UTlOqJEP€l. Km oueoc, O€V urremeonv Olonou! ATlnw~, tOU~ svoxrtouos to V€VOVO~ moe ol'EnnfJv€~ KataaK€UaaaV Eva ayanlla TlOU aTl€lKOVl~€ evuv Atnavta va aIlKWV€l otouc wIlOU~ lOU rnv VOPOV€lO omutpn. H C{n~8€la €lval on 0 t\ao~ me 'Ina- Tlxt ~ 'Hnav- TiKl ~ En-nav ~ En-nail ~ LEt\-t\AL ~ HEt\-t\AL €Tl€uqJfJIlOUa€ tOU~ Atnavt€~, €Tl€lO~ riccv Ol 1l0vaOlKoi TlOU cmouotoccv to IlUanKU tnc ~w~~.

88

AvlOT'1~ K£polluoa~

BEBalw~, OT'lV V~OO T'l~ ATflavTioo~ KaTOlKOUOaV noftflol flaol, aflfla svuc 1l0VOV KaTopBwOE va llaBEI npxeru cnoppnrn uuonx«. 0 flao~ aUTO~ ~TaV npOEpXOIlEVO~ ana TOV AOTEPlOIlO TOU 'OepEW~. Kat 0 'Oepl~ ~TaV ouroc nou noflell'lOE IlE TOU~ AvopOlleOlOU~ Kat TOU~ rElpIOU~, orrou Kat 'lH~B'loav. rIO TOV OtaOT'lIlIKO aUTOV norteuo uvnrpspouv 01 'EflfI'lVE~ MuBofiOVOI. npOKElTaI vur T'lV VVWOT~ 8EOllaXIa TOU HOlOOOU!

01 'EflfI'lVE~ efiEvav OTOU~ ATflaVTE~ moe, Via va llaBouv ofla rc uuonx«, XPEta~OTaV xcnoc, Kat vur TOUTO TOU~ OVOucouv AT -I\AN. npOKElTaI vm ilia OUVBET'l fle~'l 'l anoia onuclver BpEVllevo~, BaflaoOlvo~, Buouviouevoc flao~. To rrproto cuvtlenxo o'lflol TOV BaflaoOlvo (ana TO 8aflaT-Ta)19, TOV KaTOlKOUVTa nnnolov T'l~ Baflaoo'l~. To oEumpo OUVBEnKo O'lllaIVEI TOV flao EKEIVOV nou KaTOlKEI El~ qionsr V~V V'lv. 8'lflao~, 'l fle~l~ «I\av» n'lva~El ana TO flaa~ (= fI(Bocl, npOKElTal, flomov, vin ilia EKaTO TOl~ EKaTO EflfI'lVlK~ OUVBET'l fle~'l, Kat aauivta roue; «noootieuunocc» va xattieooov ro xaoc ...

01 'EflfI'lVE~ efiEvav OTOU~ ATflaVTE~, moe svnc flao~ vur va oloaxBEI tu lluonKa rnc ~W~~, rrpertst va EvmlVEI nc npooncflerec TOU. EmB6flflETaI va unorpepsi OTO nveuuu TOU Kat OTO otouu TOU, WOTE va VIVEI 01l010~ IlE TOU~ 8EOU~. napaOEIVllaTO~ xuptv: rT'lV unoxpurpn EflfI'lVlK~ QJlflofloVia, 000l o'lflao~ sxouv T'lV TUX'l va elvm KaTOxOI aUTWv TWV KElllevwv, olaBa~El KavEI~ moe OTaV evcc 'EflfI'lva~ T'l~ snoxnc EKEIV'l~ ~BEfiE va nnpouomoer KanOlOv KaKO

19 SA/\(AT)TA, SET(TA)AIA (= 8anaooa, S8ooania).

89

AT}.aVTi~ - To MUOTIKO TWV MUOTKWV

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flao IlE evnv 6flflov E~ 100U KaKO, efiEVE: «'l·(OKE OEKT'l», TO onolov onunlveu excuse suurov OIlOIOV. Eav OIlW~ Ol 'EflfI'lVE~ ernfiuuououv va Kallouv OIlOlOU~ TOU~ flaou~ - llaB'lTe~ TWV IlE TOU~ BEOU~, efiEvav OTOV avBpwno nou TOV eKavav nvstn TOU flaou TOU: «HB'lvO'lOlV OE EToKW» (OE napollola~w IlE T'lV AB'lva). TeTOlE~ nnpouourcsu; ana TOU~ EUOEBEI~ Kat EUVEVEI~ 'EflfI'lVE~ svsvovro OE KaBE enoxri, Kat Bn TO anooEI~w: r'lv (dillaoa» otaBa~oullE tn E~~~: «Apre/lIOI as ctoeo:» (OE napollola~w IlE T'lV ApTElll). {V/lfJPoe;: «tituu;» Paus. E, aux. 181].

Ev TOUTOl~, 01 npouuavioi sxflpo! TWV Oupnvuov Eunftov, 01 TOU 'OepEW~, OEV OExB'lKaV T'lV cvcrm Kat T'lV EKTIIl'lO'l TWV r~IVWV 'ElJjlfiov. 8UOTUXW~, vm TOU~ OtaepwnoTe~ rnc oucouuevnc, a xoxoc exelvoc flao~ nou rtpooxuvouos eva xaflKlvo oqn, EVOIlIOE moe ~TaV OE Beo'l va EmBfI'lBEI OTOU~ EUEpveTE~ TOU, aflfla Kat OE oflou~ TOU~ aflflou~ flaOU~ nou sntotxououv EVTO~ rnc MEooVEIOU!

01 flaol rnc MEOOVEIOU, oruoc Kat 01 flaol tnc Aoloc, EV avnBeoEI IlE TOU~ cxuprotouc ATnavTE~, euvvtouovououv TOU~ 'Enn'lvE~, Olon EKEIVOl ricnv TO ueoov nou TOU~ OO~vnonv OT'lV ntpnrto tnc EVHMEPIAr. AnnWOTE, OTO NEnan, Ol xtrrotxm ellaBav noflna xprioum rtonvucrc, aflna eixnv naVTEfI~ avvOla Via T'lV KaTaOKEU~ umruevcov oxqurrrtov. Kat EIVat an~BEta!... Ta EmTEUVilaTa TWV Enn~vwv npoxcrtouonv Mo~ OTOU~ naou~ tnc AvaTOn~~! MafilOTa upxstrr VEVOVOTa xntevpntpnocv ere TO «Mmxar Ka8a» TO onolo avamepetm OT'lV KaTaOKEU~ uurc rrtnnxnr; unxuvric Kat OIEUKPIVI~El on vta tu evuepur oxriunrn 01 uovnoixo! nou EVVWpl~av nw~ va tu KaTaOKEUa~ouv nouv 01 'Enn'lvE~!!

90

Avtarf)~ KE:papuoar;

Anna Kat Ol aV8pulTTOl 1:11e: upxniur; IvBiae: Betopoucnv nc VVWOele: KaWOKeU~e: BlOOUlI.lOnnoioov, j..lUOnKO 1:OOV Enn~voov! 6ev eVVWpl~aV outoc, on 0 Hqimoroc, 11 A81lva Kat 11 6~I-IIl1:pa nou ~n8av uno W notpn, cvonouoov tOOO nonu 1:IlV comlc, coors rrpotlunouv 1:IlV EnnaBa. EKei ~n8av Kat or annOl 8eqi rnc AvBpol-ieBae:Kat lOU reiplOU, Kl exnvov netpal-law vevenK~e:. Ol iBlOl alplloav cnovovouc OlOUe: onotouc sppse xm peel (Q l-IaVlKO ctun nov 8ewv, ro «lXWP»!

Evnc cno roue 8amneie: ttov IvBlWV, 0 KaKa8apl-la nruv rtspiepvoc VlO W Bnuuutu nou eKal-iav Ol 'Ennllvee:, Kat 8ertnoe va ave8ei a' eva urruuevo oxnun svoc :Ennllvoe:. To vevovoe: nuro ovutpeperm crro eva ncvnoxmo lvBlKO Keiuevo, to «Xupou Ktmtn», to onoio aValpepel on svuc 'Ennllvee «mcoxeucos eva tsxvnro umruevo oxnuu!

Ol 'Ennllvee: Mu-80novOl, anna Kal npxerol tile: KnaomK~e: snoxnc vvwpl~av VlO W erntsuvurrrn 1:OOV Enn~voov lOU nrromrrou napen80v{Qe:. 0 AlOxunoe:, oruoc nonu ooooul I-Iae: nnllPolpopei 0 K. 61l1-l~1:PlOe: i\a~oVlwpvOe: - EnnllvlKoe:

OlO e~aipe{Q epvo {QU ((0, ArroKailul/Jeu; rou AUJxuilou Yia tnv Arilavrioa», cno nc eKB6oele: ((Nsa Geau», stvm sxelvoc nou elo~vave OlO Bsutpo lOV OKIlVlKO BlaKOOI-IO, nc 8ea1:plKEe: I-Illxavee: Kat 1:11 «rKeU~» 1:OOV 1l80nOlwv, KaWOKeua~ovwe: ouvxpovoic roue Ka80pvoue: Kat qrrurxvovtnc Kannitepa to noootonstn roue, VlO va Bwoel ropn nneov, uurv annll spunvstc Kat 01:IlV eKlppaoll nov cpxolrov ((0 arro J1'1- xaVljr: 8eor: ... ». {Bil. /'J'1J1. lIa(oyuIJPYou - Eilil'1VIKOU: ((01 Arro«aiuupeu; rou AUJxuilou Yia tnv Arilavrioa», oeitic 32).

rlO avootepoo spvo lOU 'Ennllvoe: spsuvnrou, nftnpomopouI-IE8a on Ol OK8aviBEe:, VlO va Kme80uv uno to urrn-

91

ArAavrir; - To MuarlKO nov MuarKwv

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j.lEVO oxnuo 01:IlV Vll - onooe: {Que: ~1l1:a 0 npOl-l1l8eae: - {Q alp~VOUV OlOV avvov al8epa (Etixo: 272-273).

Bnenoul-le, rtomov, 01:IlV Ioutovlrr {QU Awxuno «npOJ1W 8eur: /'Je(JJ1wr'1r:», {((np0J1'18eur: /wouevoc» xtu ((np0J1'18eur: nupcpopor:»j - ttou avaiuiei ra (Jw(oJ1eva anoottaouata rraill 0 KOr: lIa(oYlwPyor: - Eilil'1VIKOr: - 0 npxuloc rpuvixoc va ol-ilflEi VlO mtuuevec unxuvec. Anna Kat 0 'OI-iIlPOe: O{Q a80- veto Enoc {QU elituic», KavEl oalp~ uvuqiopn VlO ro «mtuusvo cpun» tnc 8EOe: A8llvoe: nou {Q oB~Vllae j..la~i us rnv Hpu, VlO va 801l8~00uv roue 'Eflnllvee:.

Besakoc, ro OJ1'1PIKO «eiuevo eivai voauuevo J1e KWOI«a ailila 01 otixtn auroi eiVal aoeet« ei<ilai"KeUJ1SVOI. (pa-

,

aie, itoutov:

«H ·j..lev erroixouevn xpuocunuxoc svruev umouc 'OPIl, nosofln 8Ea, 8uVa1:IlP j..lEvanOlO KpOVOlO H81l B' al-llp' oxsooi 80we: 8ane Kal-inUna KUKna, xanKea oK1:aKvlll-la, mBllpeoo a~ovl al-llpie: ... uov ~tOl xpucen (we: alp8l{Qe:, «urno unspfla xanKe eniooonpn npooupnootc, Bnuun loe08at nfl~I-IVal B' covupou eiol nep(BpOI-iOl curporsproflev B(lppoe: Be xpuosOWl Kat cpvupeoiow umow evtetrmn, BOlO( Be nspffipouoi nvruvec erol... (QU B' E~ npvupetoc puuoc neftsv nurap En' aKpoo B~oe xpucstov Kaflov ~uvov, EV BE nenavBa Kan' e8afle xpucei». {VJ1'1por:: «tituu», Pal/J. E' ortx, 720-731).

/'J'1ilaorJ, 11 Hpn, 11 oE8aol-ilO 8ea, 11 KOPIl {QU Mevaflou Kpovou, nripe 8laonKa va e1:Oll-la~el tu xpuooorerpcvc anova. H 'H81l nanl e8aflE vp~vopa uno uc QUO rtrteupsc 1:0U oxnuntoc {Que: crpovvurtouc tpoxouc {Que: xaflKlvoue:, us uc OKTO AKTINEr, one: QUO aKpee: {QU mBepevlOu a~ova. 0 xpuooc vupoc {Que: nruv nxcruitutoc Kat uno nnvro

92

A VtOT'7C; Kcpajluoac;

rircv rrcoccouoouevo XanKlVa otemnvur, Bnuuu va ru BnErrsi KaV8ie:! Ta KE:qJanapta slvrn ana rrpvupo (= oerun), ortocrTpovvuna one QUO aKp8e:. To xrrno IlEPOe: Tl'le: ollaoae:, etVat nnE:VIlEVO 118 xpuoc Kat norurevrn noupla Kat omna oupuntu (KanWOta) eivm Vupw-Vupw revrrouevu To nuovi TOU ~TO uonuevio Kat ctnv apKIl TOU EOE:crE: xpuco, wpaio ~UVO Kat an' aUTOV neocos wpaia noupla xouoc,

BnEnOUIl8 TOV 88lOqJOPO 'DIlIlPo va 01lln8i vro TOUe: QUO TPOXOUe:, orrou 0 Ka88vae: slxs OKTW aKTiv8e: (ae: qJEPOUIl8 ornv IlV~1l1l ucc TO ffinxnvo corspr Tile: Bepvlvrrcl. Ollln8i E:nicrlle: VIa oupunrc (= KanWOta).

H ovrorspro n8plvpaqJ~ TOU OIl~POU crpopn Eva mtriIlE:VO oxnuo. Eivm Eva avallqJlUB~TIlTO V8VOVOe:, Olon 11 Kamoxsun nou nvurpepst 0 rrorntru; TWV nornttov eivm svnp- 1l0VlUIlEVIl nn~pwe: oro IlnE:KTpOllaVVllnKo n8oio Tile: rile:, Vl' aUTO Kat unoost va OIlIlIOUPV~crE:l nUKvwcrE:le: (~ Kat apatWcere aKOIlIl), 118 TpOllaKTtKO cnorertsouu. Hvm mflcvnv, annwcrT8, rtroc 1lE: TIlV avanOVIl TOn08ETIlcrll {'Epu; = AvriBs(jI]}, 8VTOe: Tile: ouoxeuric llaVVIlTtKwv unlKwv va 8llqJavi~8tal «I: vnon = IwvlKrj. Ev ouvsxetc, OlllllOUPVE:iTat Evepveta = AnKrj Kat napouma~8tal TO «qJPlKTO» rrpocomo Tile: rOPVwe:, Kat TEnoe: OtaqJE:UVE:lll 8VEPV81a ana tnv n8plqJEpE:ta {= cpuyrjJ.

To orrnouro TOU OllllPlKOU KWOlKa, ornoc 8nicrlle: Kat TOU nnaTWVlKOU KWOlKa crTOV T1MAIO Kat KPITIA, 1l0U nrioe nonna xpovur, Kat viu va slum BEBatoe: vin TO cnorerteouo, an8u8uv81lKa crTOV vvoioro 'Ennllva, TOV onotov Kat avaqJEPW oro BlBnio 1l0U «OJlaoa E» (A' TOJloC;J.

Teftoc, ooov aqJopa TOUe: «trrolxouc Tile: ATnavTiooe:, 8a rrperrei va EXOUIlE: urt' OlfHV Ilae: moe urrripxuv nonnoi naoi,

ATAaVTic; - To MUOTIK6 TWV MUOTKWV

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93

01 ortoloi 8VKaTEn8U.j.JaV TIlV 1l81K~ OlOaX~ TWV Enn~vwv, 8~ umnc TOU naou TOU 'DqJE:We:.

«M8 TIlV ncpooo TOU XpOVOU, 01 E:K8i 8VKataUTa8EVu:e: 'Ennllv8e: ovounotnxuv, ATnaVTtOl, onwe: rr.x. ovoucotnscv Ol onuepwol Euptortnlot urtouem Tile: AIl8PlK~e:, AIlE:plKaVO(». rpaqJ8l 0 naVT8n~e: Iwavviolle: - we: npoc TIlV nsplntoion - oro EPVO TOU «H tivtovott; noototoota roiv Ennrjvwv (10.000-2.000 TT.X.}», otnv cr8n(Oa 35.

f:l8V 8a npenei va unc OtaqJ8UV81 TO V8VOVOe: OTt TIlV N~co ATnavT(oa «oroucouccv aVPlol TOUe: onotouc cnsoncoe ana TOV vOllaolKo 8(0 Kat TOUe: 8VKaTEcrTIlcr8 cr8 nOnE:le: Kat xwpla 0 BamnEae: Oupnvoc, TOU onolou, opvotspu, 11 truroKpaTOpia TOU 0lallolpacr8llKE: orouc QUO ULOUe:, crTOV Kpovo Kat crTOV ATnaVta. fTOV IlE:V Kpovo eneoe we: Kn~poe: TO AVaTOnlKO Huunpntpto Tile: Vile:, crTOV 08 ATnavta TO f:lUTtKO.

fTIlV vnoo ATnaVTioa 01l1l10UPV~8IlKE: 11 lUXUp~ Bccutsto TOU ATnaVta, 11 onolo xuflepvouos anll TIlV nepioxri TOU ATnavnKou OKE:aVOU, nc 8K8i vricouc, ru nopurun Tile: AIlE:plKaVlK~e: nrrsloou Kat TIlV nspioxri Tile: Msoovelou 8anacrone, Til BOP8l0 AqJPlK~ we: rnv ounK~ ltnrlln. M8 TOUe: 'EnnllV8e: Tile: V8VE8ntae: rile:, ollnao~ TIlV Kupla Ennaoa, elxnv navTOT8 KanEe: oxsosic. To OTt 11 nnoudu Tile: ATnavTlooe:

EVlVE: ana TOUe: 'EnnIlV8e:, etvrn Eva avallqJlUB~TIlTO ioroPIKa V8VOVOe: ro ottoio avatpeoetoi noiuutiteupa:

«ATnaVTlOl, Ol napa TOV OKE:aVOV tonouc KaTolKOUVTE:e: ... nprotov nap' nurolc Oupuvov BamnE:ucrae:, Kat roue av8pwnouc crnopaollv OlKOUVtae: ouvnvnvslv E:le: rrofteic ... Kat TOU 8IlPlWOOUe: BlOU nuuem TOUe: uncxouovruc ... ». {tJIOOWPOC; 0

LIKsnuiJrl]C;, BIBnio F etuupux 56, 4-20). '

94

A vtOTf]C; K£papuoac;

{jEV urnipxsr OJ,lWe: KaJ,lla ucotupto yla l:I')V OVOJ,laU(a Tile:

J,lEyanlle: V~uOU uta xpovur Tile: BamnE(ae: TOU Oupcvou, To ovouo ATI\ANTlf TO nrips nno TOV UlO TOU Gupnvou, TOV ATnavta, 0 onoloc Um~qJEpE ru ncvoewo vur va ekrroftrrlosr TOUe: ayplOcue: rrnll8uUJ,loue:. 0 nnaTWV urropmvruc, uvnrpeper on rrpoc nJ,l~v TOU ATnavTOe: oVOJ,lauTIlKE TOTE 0 {junKOe: OKEavoe: ATnavnKoe:, 11 OE vriooc uTIlV onolnv E(XE tnv BamnlK~ TOU eopa 0 BamnEue: ATnae:, oVOJ,lau81lKE npoc nuriv TOU ATnaVtle:!

«llnon 11 V~UOe: TOTE rrenayoe: eoxsv ATnavnKOv nEx8ev on T' OVOJ,la nv TOU rrpWTOU BomnEuuaVta ATnae:». Utitatiov, «Kplr{ac;}), KEep. VII, Eoaep. 113, 11-4l.

'0 J,lW c, Ol mmvun J,lluennllvEe:, orrwe: 0 AJ,lEplKavoe: cpxatonoyoe: NTovanu, xapaKTIlP(~El we; nuroxdovu TOV norunouo TWV ATnavTwv. Kat, n'oyw TOU on J,lEPlKO( AJ,leplKavo( spsuvnrsc slvm KaTw TOU uerplou, ul08ETOUV TIlV arrOljJIl TOU aveKol~YllTou Ntovnrtu, EVW cvvoouv uKorr(J,lwe: ro vpurrrn TWV Apxnkov Enn~vwv fOqJwv. Hvm - npcvucn - aVEoaqJlKee: Ol 8Ewp(ee: TWV AJ,leplKavwv, orrwe: 8a OOUJ,lE nopuxrrrm. Ol vvrimor rranalO( AJ,leplKavo( J,leTa TO 1650, olln. or cnovovot TOUe:, slvm orroufictoi ETTlUT~J,lOVEe:.

«Ih #\TnavTee; elvtn exelvot Ol onotoi eqieupnv TIlV KannlepYEla Tile: Ylle:, TIlV «rnvoroootc, rnv errE~Epyau(a TWV J,lETannwv, rnv XElPOUPYlK~, laTplK~, rnv rru~loa, ta vpuuumn, rnv rruplnfin, Kat TIlV Betopln Tile: a8avaUlae: Tile: qrux~e:)>. [Anne Terry Wait, «H nootoiooin; A/lEPIKrj}}l.

H AJ,leplKavle: Anne Terry Wait urofierst QTIlv evrertsur rnv 8Ewpla TOU Ntovuflu, o(xwe; va unopet va eKqJepEl rnv npOUWTTlK~ Tile; YVWJ,lll, omoc entonc Kat 0 CHARLES BER-

ArAavric; - To MuorlKO ttav MuorKWv

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95

LlTZ TOV onoiov orrovuuvroccue UTa nponvouuevn BlBnla uoc.

I\eyel 0 C. BERLITZ:

«0 NTovanu nlorsue moe ornv ATnaVtlOa yevv~81lKe 0 rtprotor; naYKOUJ,llOe; nodmouoc xm 11 anOlKlaK~ MvaJ,lll 11 onoln exupuipxnoe one aKTee: TOU ATnavnKou wKem;ou, Tile; Meuoyelou, TOU KauKauou, TOU MlUlUmn~, Tile; Nonce Kat KeVTplK~e: AJ,lEPlK~e:, TWV IVOlWV, Kat OplUJ,leVWV nepioXWV Tile; KeVTplK~e; Aulae;. fllotsus nxoun moe uTIlV ATnavTloa yevv~81lKe Kat TO anqJoBIlTO, Bsropouce oe TOV xumUTPOqJlKO xnrcrrovnouo Tile; vrioou nurric onv lcrTOPlKO vevovoc ... ». [Charles Berlitz: «To /lU(JrtKO tnt; Arilavr{oac;)} KEep. sovl.

To on 0 xrrtunovneuoc Tile; vrioou nutric sivm eva lUTOPlKO yeyovoe;, TO YVWPl~OUV aK6J,lll Kat ta ... xenla. 'OnOl auTOl OJ,lWe;, ouortovouv xroplr; xcvevuv evoourouo on 11 8ecrll uTIlV ortolnv BPlUKOtaV 11 vriooc ATnavTle;, slvm 11 aKplB~e; nou uvurpepst 0 nnoTwv. To yeyovoe; aUTO TO cnodexovnn, enel6~ aUT6 elvm TO ouurpeoov TOUe;. EKel eKaJ,lE nc epsuvee; TOU 0 rannoeBpalOe;· Z. KOUcrTO Kat Bp~Ke TIlV nl8lvIl nnaKa tnv onolnv Kat E~aqJaVl(Jav. AnnwuTE, oev 8a npertsr va nllcrJ,lOVOUJ,le TO yeyovoe; on Kat TIlV nl8lvIl nnaKa uTO {jl(Jnllnl6 Tile; Knctopuic ue ypaJ,lJ,lata TOU lWVlKOU anqJaB~TOU nou nvnvetm UTIlV 611 rt.X. xuustln, TO EnnllvlKo KpaTOe; TIlV e~aqJavl(Je, YlaTl eroi rtpoctnfuv tn nrpevnxn TOUe; ana TIlv AJ,leplK~ ...

Ol aDecrJ,leUTOl epeuvnrec TTluTEUOUV TOV nnaTwva, TOV {jlOOWPO, TOV riKEnlwTIl, TOV Kpnvropu Kat oftouc TOUe; annoue; uel naJ,lJ,leYlUTOUe; 'EnnllvEe; uOqJOUe;. LlEV eXOU/lE «a-

96

AvtaTT)~ KEpaJ1UOa~

vevav itovo va tucteuiouue roue; nouitnuevouc ruxOOIW«tet; Neo-atiiavtec. ilion, otnv Bflf:noullE tn nuvnpxmn xeluevu l:11~ AvawfI~~ va avnrpepouv vio svnv unepoxo nofunouo HOV EflfI~vwv, nou EXOUV nc lKaVOl:I1l:E~ va KaWUKEua~ouv urmuevsc IlI1XaVE~, ~ w «nonofl Bout» l:WV lvfiinvtov l:11~ rOUaTEllafla~ va uvnrpepouv moe Ol Bsol nou ~fl8av ana l:I1V II\A- TIKI WU~ exnofunouv, WU~ oloa~av l:I1V vpaep~, roue apl8llou~, l:I1V l:~~11 IlEl:aflflwv, l:I1V KaflfllEpVEla l:11~ VI1~, rots OEV uncpxet rtovoc va moteuiouue WU~ unaflfl~flou~ l:11~ «BP» KaL l:11~ «MOTOP 0'1'1\». Hvm l:OUO avunotpopm, KaL Evpaijlav rocc ijlEllllaw, nou roue xflEua~ouv Ol nnvrsc. tJlon Ol O~8EV curet «EPEUtI1Wl» Evpaijlav KaTa KaLPOU~ moe W nnvrc ometrtovrm orouc OlaUW8EVl:E~ f\"(flavl:E~, exetvouc OI1f1ao~ nou noooxuvouonv evav xaflKlVO Oepl Ul:I1V Al:flavl:loa, aflfla KaL Ul:I1V Alvumo, ornoc ernUI1~ KaL Ul:I1V EPl11l0, OWV WU~ eolW~E 0 Qlapaw {BileTTe eBpaiKr7 «B{Biloe;» 01 APleMOI KA' 8-9].

Ol unovovot WU~ E1VaL nurol nou OI1f1wvouv oveoutioiaora - Kat xtapic Kav ixvoc eu81~{ae; - on KaL Ol nUpallloE~ l:11~ Alvumou E1VaL EBpa'lKo enltsuvun.

'OIlW~!...

OuoEl~ 8vl1l:0~ Kal:op8wUE va anooEl~El IlE aOlauElUw otorxein moe Ol nUpallloE~ l:11~ Alvumou KawuKEuau811- «nv ana EBpa'lKa XEPla. Movov Ol aVE~apl:I1Wl EPEUVI1l:E~, autoi TTOU tiev TTapaoo8IJKav otnv eBpaiKr7 aBuaao tnt; uilIJe; unofiextlnxuv W VEVOVO~ nmc Ol nuouutosc E1VaL snltsuvuc l:WV EflfI~vwv KaL 1l0VOV l:WV EflfI~vwv! 0 'Eflfll1v 8EOQlANH!: MANIA!: oro E~aipEmv EPVO rou «To EilillJVIKO

97

AT}.aVTi~ - To MuaTIKO TWV MUaTKWV

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Ilveuua one; nupapioee; tnt; Alyurrrou», napouUla~El IlE aTpaVWXl:E~ anooEi~El~ on:

«ME l:I1V EflflI1VlK~V cnooroow, rtomov, WUl:I1V l:11~ tJ~flou-Kvwuou, (~ml l:11~ npWl:EUOUUI1~ l:11~ Kp~l:I1~, rou usvcflUl:EPOU IEPOU rou Alvaiou) UUVMEWl 11 nfiEupa l:11~ BaUEW~ l:11~ MEvafll1~ nupallioo~. H Lw8laK~ neploooc ~ uevu EW~ l:WV Alvumiwv l:WV 1.460 El:WV, ~n~ Ul1llElOUWl ere l:I1V M. nupallioa, EUPluKEwl El~ l:I1V xm' Eu8Eiav cnoorcUlV eic haola irov OlIO KOPVQlAION IEPWV l:11~ Eflflaoo~ OI1f1. l:11~ tJ~flou - tJEflepwv (1460 = XION»>. {e. Mavlac;: «To EilillJVIKO Itvetiua one; nupapioee; tnt; Alyurrrou», oeitit; 53, eKo. nVPINOI KOIMOI).

L~IlEpa, slvrn anOOEKl:O ana WU~ aOEuIlEuWU~ EPEUVW l:E~ moe OnO~nOl:E unripxs Ul:I1V xopn TOU NElflou, Ol1llloupv~8l1KE ana roue nuprpopouc 'EflflI1VE~, EVW Ol AlvumlOl slxuv nfl~pl1 avvOla Vla TO uuroc l:WV nupall16wv, Olon OEV nc EKnuav aUTOi aflfla Ol 'EflflI1VE~.

~flflWUl:E, 11 flE~l~ «nVPAMlb EiVaL EKaTO TOl~ EKal:O EfIflI1VlK~. H sruuortovtc l:11~ flE~EW~ EIVaL «llup eic TO IlEUOV». ME aflfla flOVla «epwna Ul:11 IlEUI1». 'OfiOl Ol EPEUVI1l:E~ nou elvm ElfllKPlVEi~ IlE TOV EaUl:O TOU~ xm TOU~ aflflou~, nneOEl~av IlE aOlaUElUW oroixeln on 11 xafloa'lK~ ovoucctc l:11~ rrupnulfioc «ouoeiu uivtev», nou onuclvei «uerpn tou qxotoc» elvm usrnrppncn ana l:I1V EflflI1VlK~ vflwuua. Aflfla o uuvvpaqlea~ TOM VALENTINE UTO BlBflio TOU « To Muarr7PIO tnt; MeyailIJe; nupap{oae;» {aeilie; 54, EKO. OPOPA} vpaqlEl on eiotac 01 'fililIJvee; va ueteauiaoav tnv eBpalOxailoai'Kr7 eKcppaaIJ oupeiu plvrev».

98

AVtOT'I~ KEpaJ1UOa~

nn~pr)~ r) nvvour lOU Valentine, Olon Ol ncvrsc VVWPl~ouv on Ol 'Ennr)vB~ ouMnou: usrempcocv, napa J..IOVO or annOl J..IBTEqlpaoav to snnr)VlKa epvo OlOU~ Ennr)VlonKOU~ xpovouc, Env, nomov, Ol nnovovoi TWV XanoalWV, E8palOl, etxcv ~l~ lKaVOTr)TS~ va KaTaOKSUa~ouv nUpaJ..llOB~ OTr)V Alvumo, vurrt TOTS OTr)V Xavcnv EJ..IBvav vur at(i)vB~ as OKr)VE~; nw~ slvm OuvaTOV Ol 'Ennr)vB~ va Kd~ouv napSsvwvs~ Kat nonBl~ J..IB anOXSTsunKO OUOTr)J..Ia, Kat Ol E8palol va KaTOlKOUV as tpurrsc, as MVTpa Kat as OKr)VE~;

o Valentine rtomov, W~ SPSUVr)T~~ slvm aOlKatonOVl1lO~ Kat KaTa OUVEnBlaV anapaOBKlO~ J..IB 1O va vpaqlSl «lOW~ ... ».

Tertoc, umipxsr Kat Sa urrnpxsr vro lOU~ J..IlOEnnr)vs~ <mupaJ..llOOnovOu~» 1O nuovro mvurmcxo aOlE~oOO. lllon ovvoouv on uto J..IOvOnlSlK~ nnaKa tnc nUpaJ..llOO~ lOU MlKSp~VOU TI1~ 411~ lluvaoTsla~, vur napaOSlVJ..Ia, TOnOSBTI1- J..IEVr) as utPo~ upxertov J..IETPWV, unoftovtornxs on ~UVl~Sl neplnou 600 TOVOU~. 'OJ..IW~ 0 J..IBvanuTspo~ OI1J..1SPlVO~ VBpnvor; uno amanoOlKTUWJ..Ia xm cupucrooxotvc, OBV unoPSl va avutPwosl rpoprlo J..IBvanuTspo uno 400 TOVOU~!! tu cuunepcourrm OlKa oa~ ...

OOTOOO, Ol oVKonlSOl J..IBTaqlEpSI1Kav! nw~ OJ..lW~; Ma muatKa, J..IB Tr)V QUvaJ..lr) TOU Nou TWV Enn~vwv!

Ern nnEov, Ol «nupaJ..llOOnOvOl» Kat «aTnaVlOnOVOl», aurot nou npoornrflouv J..IB cneroo J..IlOO~ va anOOSl~OUV o~SSV nw~ Ol 'Ennr)vs~ ouMnOTB SVlKI10av TOU~ ~hnavTS~, anna OUTS EXOUV OXEOr) J..IS nc nUpaJ..llOB~, lOXUPl~OVTal J..IS avSsnnr)VlK~ rtucoo moe Vla Tr)V J..ISTaqlopa rrurou lOU OVK6filSOU TWV 600 TOVWV OTr)V ~r)pa, errnvro as ~unlva EnKuBpa

99

AT}.aVTi~ - To MUaTlKO TWV MUOTKWV

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(onroc OclXVSl 1O avavnuqlO TOU En MnEpOB, tnc 12r)~ llUvootetcc, nou ~UVl~OVTa~ 60 TOVOU~, OEPVSWl cno 172 epvaTs~ uvtl 1.200 nou KavovlKa xpsla~ovwl), unortovlorqxe uno J..Il1xaVlKOU~ Kat OXl opxrnortovouc TOU KaTBOTr)J..IEVOU, on xpBla~ovwl 12.000 epvnrsc. Eav XWPlOTOUV as 5 OSlPE~ Kat J..IS J..IlOO J..IETPO - rl EOTW Eva J..IETPO anoOTaOI1 - J..ISw~u TOU~, KaSs ostpu Sa EXSl J..IrlKO~ 1200 J..I~Tpa. To Os OXOlVl uno qiunxec lVS~ nonupou, rnc KaSB oBlpa~ Sa EXBl entonc J..IrlKO~ 1200 J..IETpa, Kat vur va KPaTrlOSl TI1V En~11 TOU moprtou, Sa enpsne va EXBl OlaJ..lSTpO 1,5 J..I.(!). llr)nao~ 0 KaSs Bpvaul~ Sa rimv aJ..lql(8ono av Sa prtopouos va (JI1KW(JSI Kat J1DVO ro 8apoc; rou (JXOIVIOU 1TOU rou avaitovovoel

fTI1V Kivu 8PESr)KB anouJ..llVlO XWPl~ r)nsKTponapavwva sPvooTaata! fn~ Ivois~, avo~siOWTO cronfu, av Kat OSV unnpxnv UtPlKaJ..llVOl Kat xanu80uPvsla! fTO nEpOU SmJ..lEwnnWJ..IEVa uvnxeluevc, OlXW~ vvwol1 r)nEKTplOJ..IOU! Etnv BaVOaTI1, 0 rEPJ..laVO~ cpxctoftovoc VILHE KOENIG, OE avaOKaqlE~ TO 1938, 8PrlKE J..IEplKa n~nlVa ooxEia nou W OTOJ..Ila TOU~ rlOav anElJ..lJ..lEVa J..IE aOqlanTO Kat nepistxcv J..IEwnnlKE~ pa80ou~ nrro OlOI1PO, TOnoSETr)J..IEVE~ J..IEGa GE xanKlvou~ Kunlvopou~. 0 cvontoc npxmodovoc Vilhe Koenig rn nEplEvpatPE OTO 8l8nio TOU eEvvea mfJapta rou IpaK» oc r)nEKTplKE~ urrtrtnplecl 0 Willand Gray, unxcvixoc TI1~ General Electric, KawoKEuaoE Eva rnoro uvtlvpurpo rnc coxntcc EKElVI1~ uncruplnc, rtou EXEl r)nlKla nuvro nrro QUo xlnlaos~ xpovur, Kat npOGESEOE I1nEKTponuTr) SEllKOU xanKOU, nou qluatKa 6EV Sa J..InOpOUOE napa to aOqlannKO OqlpaVlOJ..Ia, va SlXE OlaTr)Pr)SSl EVTO~ TOU OOXElOU. H unoTapia 60unEtPs OElXVOVW~ ruon 1,5V!

100 AVtUTI7C; KEpapuoac;

Teftoc, OGOV acpopa nc oxornusc Cp~j..l8~ nspt ypacp~~, on O~88V Ol LlWPl8l~ 8KTO~ wu on np08Kafl8GaV UIV unofl8ta nl~ TOT8 rsxvoitovlcc, noov Kat Ol urtnlnot vio UIV anwfl8la UI~ tsxvnc TIl~ vpnqiric, "a8o~! Ilpoxsuut vm eva oxornuo fla8o~! 'Onw~ sxst otantGTw88l, urmpxouv Gl:IlV enoxri uuc GWGWl epeuvnrec ornoc 0 K. r8WpYlO~ r8wpyafla~ 0 orroloc ypacp8l GW noflu Kaflo BlBfllO rou lEpeuvec; yup_w_urro rov VJlIJPO» TWV EK06G8wV «TOTh, on 0 EupmiOll~ oro epvo rou elcuveveia sv Auiiiol» napouma~8l rov Ayaj..lej..lvova va ypacp8l Kat va ~avaypacp8l, wGnou va BP8l TIlV KaTaflflllfill olaTunwGIl, vm va KafleG8l TIlV KaPil rou GTIlV Auflloa (GTlXOl 33). Em niteov, 0 KO~ r8wpyafla~ avamepetm orouc npOOj..lIlPlKOU~ nomrsc, onw~ 11 CPIlj..lOVOIl, 0 Ofl~v, 0 CPlflaj..lj..lwv, 0 XpUGa88j..ll~ 0 Kpll~, 0 Alvo~ ~ OrroftlVO~, 0 Alvoc 0 XaflKlo8u~, 0 OPCP8U~ rou Ouivpou Kat TIl~ Kaflfllonll~, 0 OPCP8U~ 0 KlKovalo~ ~ ApKa~, 0 KOPlVVO~ Ifll- 8U~, 0 OOlTIl~ ~ LllKW~ 0 Kpll~ 0 onoloc 8lX8 j..l8TaGX8l GTOV TPWlKO norteuo Kat ouvevpmps vur ofla exetvu W y8yOvow, 0 MOUGalO~ 0 OPCP8U~, nnolvvooroc rromtric, uouoiKO~ Kat 88ofloyo~ K.a.

BEBalw~, svpcuiuv yta roue ovcrrspto Ol KflaGmKOl, aflfla auto nou sivm Ul.JjlGTIl~ onuootcc, elvm 11 Buuunom epsuvn tou KOU r8wpyafla {Bil. lEpeuvec; yupw aTTo rov VJlIJPo», oeit. 28-31, EKO. « TOTb),

KEQ)AAAIO r'

AeHNAI H nOMI THI nAMAAOI AeHNAI

«0 epUAO~ me ATAaVrloa~, L$lvva om IJEon TOU ATAaVTIKou OKEOVOU, ~a~ KOITO~EI EIPWVIKO oav uro ouVxpovn T~oKoVTa ... 'Iow~ va 8EAEI va lJa~ OEI~EI TO OPOIJO VIa KonOIO naPOOEIOO, EO€IJ, HM- 010 nEOla, 'OAUlJno, 10W~ Kal VIa rnv KOAaon TOU 'Aon ... nOlo~ urropef va ~EPEI;»

eEOOwpOe; A(lwme;: «AT~aVT{oa, TO aoxeia me; xcsoac TOU nOOElowva»

TO MYlTIKO TON BAlKON

E tvm '1 10'1 xtruerln n.X. Mla xtfnstln '1 orroto aV~KEl GtO Zci>6l0 tOU "eovto~. fE eva G'1~ElO rnc AttlK~~ unripxe lurtnpxerl evuc nerooonc nocpo~ nou rirnv GE KOlV~ Xp~G'1 ana roue krrrofxouc rnc lGXUP~~ nonEw~ tWV AB'1vci>v, '1 onotu ~tav OlK060~'1~ev'1 Gt'1V KwnaT6a. H GOcp~ Buolruoerr tWV AB'1vci>v, HBovo'1 (= 'HBo~ + NO'1Gl~) xP'1Gl~OnOlOUGE tOV m:tpci>6'1 nocpo cic nnpmnpntriptov, EVci> nn'1GlOV rou nocpou ~ Bpnxou - onw~ tOV ovo~a~av - ~tav renee nponm- 6EUGEW~ tWV otptmomcv. 0 nocpo~ nEplBn~B'1KE ana Eva tElXO~, EVci> eva 6EUtEPO tElXO~ t'1~ l6la~ ~opcp~~ E(ecppa~E Kat tOV xepo unpootn cno t'1V ElG060 tOU Bpuxou ornv 6UtlK~ tOU nnEupa. "ovw rnc aplGt'1~ oxupooetec, 0 nEtpci>6'1~ nocpo~ anEKt'1GE HI ~opcp~ KaVOVlKOU OlKlGllOU, ECP' OGOV GtOU~ orpctovec snrivmvcv 6lacpopOl ~lKpE~noPOl ana ona tu 6la~EplG~ata t'1~ AttlK~~.

H ~lKP~ «rrofnc» cvorrruoootcv E(W nrto tn tElX'1 tOU Bpuxou, onou vupw rou 6EGno~av Ol nocpol tnc nVUKa~, tmv Nuumtov, tWV MOUGci>v, xm GtOV APElO navo. 0 n(3lvo~ nocpo~ o~w~, rituv xopoc, nou XP'1Gl~EUE uovov VlO tn uuGtlKa onna nou EBva~av cpwna Kat t'1V «moudo t'1~ BootnlGGa~, otnv EmBEWpOUGE to onftooremo xm tOU~ otpunovsc.

104

AvtaT'lC; KEpapUOac;

H n6fh~ OVOI.lClu8rtKS AKPA nO"IL (= AKPOnO"IL), Kat riruv TO nouxnctnoro Trt~ corpnc 8au(fhuua~ H80vOrt~ ~ A8~vrt~, ovouu TO OTTOlO EQJSPS rrpoc nunv Trt~ Ssa~, rroruouxou rnc ioxuprir; norteroc Trt~ KwnaToo~ anna Kat onrt~ tnc AntK~~ Kat QJUUtKa onrt~ rnc <Pun~~ TWV E""HNON!

Ka8w~ rt AKpa nont~ ~ AKponOnt~, anEKTrtus rnv t.tOPQJ~ KaVOVtKOU OtKWIlOU, rt 8SIOTaTrt 8aulnwua nou EPPSS ueon one QJnE8s~ rnc 0 lxtop TOU Ilutepu LSlPtOu, OtOPWS W~ OtOtKrtT~ evnv S~EXOVta VEO, TOV KEKpona.

LS Ka8s ulfJrtno onusto tnc KSVTPtK~~ Ennaoo~, rt A8~vrt Ton08sTOUuS evcv eurnoro Trt~, onou SKSI nrivmvcv xrnvoTPOQJOt Kat cvpotec, vro va nwn~uouv UTOU~ otpntuotec tn eurtopsuurrrn TWV. Ta IlEPrt SKSlva ernnpvrrv TO ovouo TWV OtOtKrtTWV, OTTW~ Kat IlS tnv AKponOntv, rt orroln ovolla~sTo Kat Kuoa8tjvawv. Anna snstO~ TOV OtKWIlO OtOtKouuS 0 KEKPWlfJ, ot annot OtOtKrtTE~ rnv ovouconv KEKPOnlA, XWPl~ aUTO va onunlvet on osv uE80vtav rnv ncvoorpn Kat toxupri 8aulnwua TOU~.

MSTa rnv nav8aullEVrt xprion TWV unsoorntov TWV A8W vnkov evuvriov Trt~ vrioou ATnavTloo~ Kt svto Ot SSOl uson ana tn tpin rspnonn OtauTrtllonnOta eioonotnocv TOU~ utOU~ nurtov va unv npa~ouv KaT' aUTOv TOV rporto - TO nveuIla tnc ouumoocc sWE8ans SVTO~ Trt~ MSuoyslou, IlS aTTOTEnsulla va xnturtovnodouv ana ru aKpa rnc xenoovrioou TOU Atuou, ysyovo~ nou slxs coc QJUUtKO ertcxoftouflo va xurnnovnoflat IlS TOU~ QJOVtKOU~ uStullou~ Kat rt n6ilt~ TWV A8rtvwv tnc KWTTaToo~ Ila~llls rnv YStTOVtK~ nonrt TWV Srt- 8wv. TOTS, rt rrtuxn 8aulnwua Kat npxrepeur rnc nap8Evou nannaoo~, IlS xorro KaTop8wUE va uunnE~Et TOU~ svnrro-

ATAaVTic; - To MUaTiKO TWV MuaTKwv

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105

ustvovrec UnrtKOOU~ rnc Kat va TOU~ OOrty~uSt ornv AKpav nontv ~ AKponOntv ~ Kuoa8~vatOv, Kat lOpUUS exel rnv NEa A8~va.

OUTOuO, 0 nOOStOWV E', svcc ana TOU~ unovovouc TOU nOuStOWVo~, TTOU OtSTE:nSOS 8aUtnEa~ Trt~ ATnavTlOo~, toxuptnflnxs TTW~ OtKatOUtat TOU npovoutou va OWOSt TO ovoun TOU ornv vso noftn. H Hdovon nou EKalls ~Ort to sYKalVIa rnc noitstoc QJUTSUOVta~ ilia snta, EKOlfJS Eva KnaOl ono exelvo TO OEVTPO Kat OPKl08rtKS uTOV ~wvtaVO l\la TTW~ rt TTOnt~ aUT~ Bn elvm rmvro nporn Kat Bu napaIlSlVSt nucvur ana~ Ota rtnvtocl

npaVllan, 0 nao~ uTa8rtKS uTO nfteupo rnc 8aulnwua~ TOU, anna rlunos Kat TOV nOuStOWva, 0 onoloc rirnv 0 npxr otputnvoc TWV Enn~vwv evnvtlov TOU ntftnvnuvou otpuTOU.

l\IABALAME Eva IltKPO anna cnucvnxo onoormoun ana TOV «Kprrln», Ka8w~ 0 nnaTWV cnsxpuurs TO EPYO TOU. l\rtnao~, EW~ rnv unYIl~ TTOU 0 ZSU~ UUYKansl TOU~ annou~ Beouc, vm va uutopnoouv TOU~ ATnavTs~, oruucrn unoroue TO KslIlSVO.

navTw~, oQJStnW va suxoprotnoto rnv Ollaoa «SHHVL» Kat TOU~ QJtnOu~ BauKOU~ vur tnv XOP~YrtOrt TWV urtoppqTWV KStIlEVWV.

APKSTOl aOEullSUTOt SPSUVrtTE~, onoic 0 cetuvnoroc A~tWllanKO~ TWV "OK, Ssoowpo~ A~tWTrt~, slrtnv noic 0 110- VO~ TTOU unopouos va Ila~ SvrtllSPWOEt stvm 0 nnaTwv, nou EypalfJs TOV « Tiuaio» Kat tn spvn «(LUJ1TTOaw» Kat «Kplria». 'OIlW~ OSV TO EKavs! nOTE osv excus tnv napalltKp~ VU~rt vur TO TEno~ TOU EPYOU TOU «Kplriac;»! Bs8a(w~, onot ot ow-

(

106

AVtUT'IC; K£paIJul5ac;

ctol EpEUVrl1:E~ yvwpi~ouv tnv npaYllanK~ arl~8Ela on 611- rla6~ 0 nrlCHWV YVWPl~E n aKplBw~ GUVEBIl otnv lErllK~ Ilaxll Erlrl~vwv Kat A"rrlavlwv, IlEGa otnv Kap6la rnc i6la~ lll~ Atrlavli60~. E~ arlrlou, 0 nrlalwv EYVWPl~E ro ntrvru, 6l0n W~ IlUIlIlEVO~ am MErA"A MV~:rHPIA, GUYKamrlEyeml Ilem~u lWV Kopuqmiwv MUGlWV.

Anrlw~, uqiulpsos tnv GUVEXeW tOU «Kplria», 6l0n ~~ePE norlu Karla on Kat otnv snoxri tou aKOllll unripxs xunour cvcopurorntu, vur va yivel YVWGl~ 11 GUVEXeW rou EPYOU rou, Arlrla Kat 0 ApLGtOlErlll~ nou Eyvwpl~e to IlUGnKO lWV IlUGnKWV, avaYKaG81lKe va npoortotnflst rnoc 6Wijleu6el tov nrlalwva ...

TErlO~, 0 8eio~ <PlrlOGOq)Q~ nrlalwv, unorlOYl~e, on to lEnO~ lOU «Kplria» Be urropouce va ypaqlel OE Ilia arlrlll XPOVlK~ nEpi060, ornv 8a EKrlELVE 0 KUKrlO~. Kat 0 KUKrlO~ EKrleLGe! EUpLGKOlle8a one apxE~ rou Z0610V TOV V6POXOOV. 0 n"ATON, 0 lla81ll~~ lOU o· APlfTOTE"Hf, 0 IfOKPATHf, nou rituv BWGnKO~ Yla va EVWGEl roue 'Erlflllve~ Kat va nvolfouv nc «nufle~ rnc Aolnc», 11 O"YMntA6A Kal 0 UlO~ lll~ A"EIAN6POf, ~~epav tnv nucoplc lWV 8ewv (6laGlllllav8pwnwv rnc Av6pOIlE6a~ Kat lOU feipLOU) nou ensBarlav GlOU~ 'Erlrlllve~ vur 2000 xpovur, 000 6wpKei to ZW- 610 lOU Buvrrtou, onw~ oVOlla~eml to ZW6l0 lWV Ix8uwv

,

em' OGOV 6EV ELGaKOUG81lKav Ol evtoftec roue npoc lOU~ urOU~ lWV, Ka8w~ Ol 6eumpOl EOlelflav nc nxrtvsr; rou Bevrrtou, ue nnotefteoun va eKnvax8ei 11 IlLG~ Alrlavti6a orov cspu Kat 11 arlflll IllG~ va xnttmovneflel ncpuoupovrnc Kat cpserouc 'Erlrlllve~. AiyOl IlOVOV 'Erlrlllve~ 6wowBnxnv urto rov xtrrurrnvnouo, Ol ortoiot Bp~Kav KamqlUYLO ornv lcrmvin, Kat npoxsum yw lOU~ IlPWlKOU~ BaGKOu~!

107

ATAaVTiC; - To MUaTlKO TWV MUUTKWV

------

6ev enpsne va lla80uv en' OU6EVi rloyw Ol 'Erlrlr]ve~ me enoxnc tou vro tnv nllwpia nou Kapa60KOUGE one nune~ lOU Zw6iou lWV Ix8uwv, arlrla OUlE xm Ol uetenerm YEvEe~! 'Elm EKPlVE 0 nrlalwv. '000 vur KanOlou~ rtou moreuOUV on 0 ouyypaqlea~ tOU « Til1aLOU» Kat '(QU «KplriG», eYKaterlelijlE om Ileor] to 6Eulepo atrlaVtlKO tOU epvo, stvm uevu rla80~ eK usoouc lWV, 6lon elvm e~wnpaYllallKo vm svuv Bsio <PlrlOOOqlO, 0 onotoc rrrcv OpKlGIlEVO~ otov Iln-

, • 20 • •

tepa fElPlO (<<Ma tOV Kuva, ropyW») va nqmoer otn ueon

eva lOGO Gr]llaVtlKO epyo tou, Kat Ileta va to eK6woel Ill-

GOlEnElWllevo ... !!

20 0 nil{milv 010V «fopyia» opK[~etal to 8eo Kuva, on 000 Vp{upel, slvtn oilr')3ela: «MA TON KYNA, fOPflA. .. » (napciypacpoc; 461 B).

TO ONOMA THI IEPAI nOAEOI THI ATTIKHI

O ~ npoc lJ1V «lspnv nortrv nov ABrwwv», upxerol «CPOlVlxrotnt» KaL «lv60Eupuma'icrrai» lJJEu60-EmOt~1l0VE~ etnov Kata KaLPOU~ on ro ovoun A8HNAI rtpoepxatm ana rnv nE~fJ aBo~-avBo~ KaL rnv ouoxenzouv IlE to ovouu AvB~vfJ, AvB~nfJ, AvBfJ6wv, to onolo onuntvei «rH EVCPOPH».

'Exouv 6iKalo EV IlEPEl, anna nv fJ AttlK~ ritnv EUCPOPfJ, auto 6EV OfJllaivEl on to ovoun tnc nposoxstm ana to AvB~vfJ KaL AvB~nfJ, To ovouu tnc BE'iK~~ nonEw~ npoepxstal ana tnv ABavatfJ 8Ea HBovofJ (= 'HBo~ + NOfJOl~), KaBw~ auto to ovouc EnaLpVE fJ EKaOtOtE BaoinLOoa! AB~vfJ ovoIla~otav fJ nonl~ tnc Kwna160~, AB~vfJ oVOllaoBfJKE KaL fJ nonl~ vupro ana tOV IEPO Bprrxo, Yla tOV ortolov npxerot IlUfJllEVOl LOxupi~ovtaL on sivm tEXVfJtO~ onw~ KaL 0 AUKaBnrroc, Kal on tOU~ eqispuv Ol BEOi - LlLaOtfJllavBpwnOl ana to uotpn.

o EKnEKtO~ Aao~ tfJ~ napBEvou nanna60~, HBovofJ~, utpouoloioe tnv fJBlK~ 6l6ax~ tnc, IlE cnorsftsoun va EXOUV coc oUIlBono tnc oomlcc tnv KouKouBaYLa21, EVW w~ OUW Bono me M~a~, tOV Kna60 ertntuc, xnn to onolo iOXUE Ile-

21 'Otnv 0 BapBapo~ 'EnVlv eKnE4!E tc l1apl1apa lOU napSEvcilvo~, aKouoE l1[a kouxouanvm, Evuc urro lOU~ ouvofiouc tOU E[TtE OlOV

ArAavric; - To MUOTIKO rwv MuorKwv 109

XPl 1:OU~ KnaOOlKOU~ XPOVOU~, KaBw~ oremcvrovcv 10U~ aBf\111E~, 6fJna6~ tOU~ npwt-aBnfJtE~!

Kata to 3100 n.X, 0 BaOlnEu~ me AB~vl1~, 8110EU~, ouYKEvtPWOE OAOVE tOU~ olKLOIlOU~ yupw ana tnv AK~Onofln, EKnEloE 6pOIlOU~ KaL 6fJIllOUPVI10E annou~ KaLVOUPyLOu~ IlE vsc ouot~llata, exovmc tee anOlEnEolla va ovollaoBouv - DnOl Ol olKLOIlOi - AI A8HNAI!

To on 0 Ulo~-1:Ou-Alyaia, 8fJOEU~, E~110E nspt to 3100, EiVal ano6EKtO an' odouc tOU~ oeiorouc EPEUVfJtE~, ECP' OOOV 0 K, KOU1pouBEnfJ~ anE6El~E IlE AHPONOMIKOVE VnOAOnEMOVE on 0 HpaKM~ (ouvxpovo~ tOU 8110EW~, anna IlEyanlJtEpo~ OE fJnlKia) E~110E vupw ora 3135, EVW 0 TpwlKo~ nonEllo~ 6lE~~xBfJ to 307022!

LlEV Ba avacpEpBw nEpaltEpW OlfJV «lsouv nofuv», acpou ana tnv 10fJ xln, elvm vvWOt~ 11 L01:Opia me ana nonnou~ ernmcvelc ouvvpacpEi~ me snoxru; uuc, anna ~a ota~w VLa niyo OtfJV tEnEumia npoxpioncvtsn xln~Ena, KaBw~ nrcv VLa Ilia aKollfJ cpopa to IlEvanutEpO KEV1~O n,onlt~OIlOU tfJ~ OlKouIlEVfJ~, EVW Ol «cplno-lv60EUpWnaLOml» l~lVOuV ncvtn to i6l0 spdrtnun; «nou OIlW~ ocpEinEtaL ourn 11 KOOIlO'iotOPlK~ tl1~ avamu~fJ;», H anavll10~ 1l0U Eival: Eto on Ol KatOlKoi 111~ (onw~ KaL DnOl Ol KatOlKol me Enna60~

moxpo nl')crtri tOU Ennl')VLOIlOU TtW~, I') SEa,tOV BneTtEl. ? tPIOa~ SnIO~ 'EnvLV tpol10KpatriSI')KE, anna tn l1apl1apa tn TtI')PE, Illu OlKa, 6EV VVcilPI~E 0 BapBapo~ TtW~ av 6EV riSEnE I') SE,a, 6EV S,a I1TtOPOUOE ETt' OU6EV[ novw va nnpet tn l1apl1apa,.; OUtE EVVWPI~E TtW~ tn ucpunpu Sa ETllOtpe4!ouv KCtTtOla I1Epa otnv En-

na6a!

22 VTtrip~av ol1W~ teOOEpl~ riPWE~ I1E 10 ovouo HpaKnri~·

110 AvtaTfJe; KEpopuoa<;

- 'Enn'lve~ am rEVO~) osv slvm norttrsc T'l~ Hoftnsluc - xtopuc E.I\.I\.A.f.., anna smoxernsc ana tu notpnt

f.uvenw~, Ol HnlOKOl oev elvm fiuvtrrov va EXOUV cueon oxson us TOU~ npouticqnxouc, o'lnao~ ue tn av3pwnoelo~, nou rtripnv T'lV KavovlK~ 1l0PCP~ xapl~ ore rrsipdunrc veve: nK~~ ana TOU~ Oupcviouc E4JII\ON!!!23

BeBalW~, YVWPl~W moe evoexouevoc va vsvvqflouv Kanoiec allcplBonle~ ana TOU~ oefluorouc cvcvvroorec Kat cvcvvroormec, anna a MErAf. nANEnlHHMON APIHOTE- 1\ H f., UlO~ rou NlKollaxou, ypacpel am a3avam EPYO TaU «Dpyavov» on Ol 'Enn'lve~ sivm cnovovoi TWV 3ewv, evw Ol Eupomnlot elvm av3pwnoelo~ ana rov nnaV~T'l HTa (= H). Ooroco, oucetc ana T'lV O~cpoPO'l, ~ ana tu flcvernetrunn TWV HnA nrtortetpcflnxe va olOltJeuael TOV AplOTOTEn'l! Annw~, cnomeuvouv va oxortuioouv Eva TETOlO yeyovo~, us crtorerteouc va oanavouv Ol AlleplKavol npxeru exurouuupur oonaplO vur T'lV rtportuvavoo KaTa mu peterouou ...

An~3elO, unopsl npove avec onoroofirinors ouvxpovoc ernonuuov vn olaltJeuael evuv Apiotorertn rtou Bptoxeun nonna ET'l CPWTO~ unpootu ana cutouc: Kat av unopsl, YlOTl TOTe oev rov olEltJeuae ernoruuoc:

23 'EtlJlilov (= E) Kat OXI e onwc: rtpomeperrn ornv avilillK~ vilwooa. 01 Eunrtov slvm 01 Oupnvio. 'Eililrwec: nou npospxovm ana lOV Aoreptouo lOU Kuvoc, TOU I\avou Kat HIe: Av6polle6ae:.

H nOAII TON A9HNON ITHN YITEPH APXAIOTHTA

H n6nl~ TWV A3'lvwv ~TaV - KaTa TOV Meaalwva - Eva rreVlXPO cnouewnpi TaU TPlOEVOO~OU napen30vTO~ me. Ilpiv OIlW~ ana tov npoto Meaalwva nou O'lllloupY'laav Ol louomo-xoumuvot, KaTa TOV /)' Kat E' uuovn Il.X., '1 PWIl'l KaTaKTa T'lV A3~va, anna Kat nanl Ol Iluprpopo. 'Enn'lve~ Kamp3wvouv va cvuouvspotnfiouv, omou BEBala Bo~3'lonv Kat OPlOllEVOl PWllalOl Auroxpnropec. H nonl~ T'l~ 8ea~ rnc f.ocpla~ Kat TaU 'H30U~ avaKTa T'lV nanata T'l~ cpuotovvouln Kat ~avay[veTal TO nallnpov uouostov rnc enn'lVlK~~ lla3~aew~. Tov B' u.X. nuovn, QUo onoufictor av3pwnor tnc ertoxric, a Autoxprrtopnc Aoplavo~ xm a nnouOlo~ ooqnornc Hpwo'l~ a ATTlKO~ Ba~ouv T'lV acppay[oa roue otnv KannlTexvlK~ Kat nveuuunxn rnc ~w~, cvsvslpovtnc Buuuuour uvnusln onoic a vcoc tou Orluuntou /)lO~, 10 lltivBsov.ro Aoplavelo fuuvumo Kat '1 BlBnlO3~K'l, TO Ooelo mu Hpwoou Knn. Tnv snoxri eKelV'l cnoxrouv veu nvori Kat KUpoe Ol cplnoaocplKE~ Kat pntoptxec rnc oxortec rooo, waTe va T'lV xutnctnoouv Kat nanl TO onouomotepo novernornIllOKO KEVTpO. T'lV avoolK~ rnc, OIlW~, nopetn spxetm va avaKoltJel 10 267 Il.X. '1 ernopouri TWV Epouiuov, BapBaplKOU naou TaU Boppn, nou KaTEnaBe T'lV nonll, TIlV nellna-

112

AvtaT'7~ Kf:paJluocu;

moe Kat rnv nupnoftnoe. Ta onouomorepu ~VI")~E:la tnc lE:pa~ nOnE:W~ OlaOWSI")KaV, anna I") uvnouvxpotnon tl")~ aKOnouSI")OE: BpaOE:l~ puS~OU~ Kat I") Ol")~oypaqHK~ rnc QlUGlOYVW~la OE:V anOKamataSI")KE: note.

flO ten I") lOU r' atWVO~, aK~a~ouv Kat nanl Ol oxortec lOU nnatWVO~, lOU Aprororertouc, lOU Xpuolrtrrou Kat nftslctn anna ~lKpOtE:pa lOlwnKa E:KnatOE:Ut~Pla, am onoln ouppeouv ~aSI")te~ npoE:pXO~E:VOl ana KaSE: ywvla lOU koouou.

Ana to 325 Kl uorspu, I") payoaia OlaOOal") lOU Xpionuvrouou at I") V E:~E:nnl")vw~evI") AvalOn~ KnOVl~E:l rnv nmpE:la lOU l1wOE:KaSeOU, anna OE:V cvurpensr lOU~ puS~ou~ tl")~ nVE:U~anK~~ ~w~~, tl")~ aa~~avtl")~ nonmKa xm onlyaplS~I")~ nnl")Sua~laKa AS~va~. Kata tnv OlapKE:la nov rtpomov rupuvvuaov eflpmoxpionnvuaov ouovrov, Ka8ciJf; KtITTOlO1 ueiiaxoivoi ue vauuiec iunec cpciJva~av oovexd»; «!J6~a oiov O{KO rou looanit», Ol ASI")ValOl aywvl~OVtat nrtsvvroouevo va nE:pWWOOUv ana lOU~ ~E:VOQlE:PlOU~ fl")~ltE:~ tu nE:lt.IJava lOU napE:nSovto~ Kat uevouv neiouunxn rrpoaKOnnl")~evOl at I") V nmpE:la tl")~ nannaoo~ ASI")va~.

a KONfTANTINaf eoE:l~E: KamQlav~ E:UVOla npoc rnv nortn tnc nannaoo~ Kat uvoxn rtpoc tnv natpwa Bpncsetu, anOOE:xo~E:VO~ ~anwm lOV titdo lOU fTPATHraV TON A8HNON. H lOpUal")lOU flnvernotnulou ana tOV lOLOV nposxcftece o~u cvruvciviouo ovnusou at I") V nonl") tl")~ oorptac Kat tnv avatennouaa Bu~avnv~ rrptoreuoucu.

a Auroxprrnop Kcovctnvrlvoc, nap' on OE:V E:lXE: lOlaltspn uopqnocn, E:V rouroic nvnuettcmos ~E: ernetasin tnv tplaevOO~I") non 1"). fuveBanE: om va xrrrnnrsl I") nonl~ Kat nanl, lOV 8.' cuovo, onouocto nmfieunko xevrpo, am orrolo

ATAaVT{~ - To MUaT/KG TWV MuaTKWV

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113

npocepxovrm va OloaxSouv xm va Oloa~ouv Qll")~W~evOl tors QllnOaOQlOl Kat priropec cvnusoc OlOU~ onolouc, 0 ME:yanomtO~ louruuvoc, 0 Ilpompemoc, 0 MOUOWVlO~, 0 fH-· BavLO~, 0 Kenoo~, 0 llploxoc, 0 npoKno~, 0 rpl")YOplO~ Na~laV~I")VO~ Kal 0 BaOmE:lO~ 0 Meya~. Eolia trl~ vsorrrtotrovrK~~ QllnOOOQlla~ I") AS~va, yvwPWE: am uson lOU l1' ~.X. mcovoc rnv rsftsumtc ~E:yanl") nVE:U~anK~ rnc avana~n~, aU~Qlwva ~E: nc ucptuplec QUO cnouonkov nVE:U~anKWv avopwv tnc snoxric, lOU OOqHOt~ I\lBavLOu xm lOU roropiKOU Euvnrnou. fn~ ~E:yanE:~ QllnOaOQllKe~ tl")~ axone~ auvcvnovtm tnv snoxri aUl~ onrrdol lOU l1wOE:KaSeOU xm rnc vea~ Spl")aKE:la~ lOU fmupou. Ava~E:aa lOU~, 6Uo e~oxa nveuucro rnc O$l~I")~ npxmorntoc, 0 BaalnElo~ 0 Meya~ Kal 0 uererrerrn Bu~avnvo~ Auroxomopcc Iouruuvoc, 0 onotoc ~E:lOVOllaaSI")KE atilKw~ «napaBatl1~».

H ncpouovn lOU louruovou at I") v QlSlvOuaa nonl") tOU nnatwvo~ xm I") ouvuvcorpomn lOU ~E: lOU~ Olaal")~OtEpouc oounorsc xm P~lOPE~ tl")~ snoxnc npoKf!SOPl~OUV to ottvuc tl")~ ouvtounc BaGlnE:la~ lOU. Dtuv avl~aBE ru autOKpalOplKa lOU KaS~Kovm, nptoto lOU ~enl")~a-~lval 11 avopSWOl")tl1~ Ennl")VlK~~ natOEla~, I") srmvcftenoupvtu rtov vawv xm nov BWIlWV, 11 aVaBlWal") nov uuvrekov Kat tWV IlEyanwv aywvwv. al louomoxpumcvot, o~w~, lOV oonomovouv KaSw~ 0 Eotsuuevoc q>tnoaoQlO~ norteuouos lOU~ nepOE:~ vur to Kana rnc E:lP~VI1~.

rrll·u,:iwmc:: lur neproootspec nrlrlPoepopiec: yla rov louruovo, BrI.

AS. Mapyapitll etouinavoc, 0 BarBfJfJ8v0C: anitoootpoc», Keep. {j,', eKli. «Nea 8emc:)).

114

Avtotn« Kcpapuoac;

a Savame; rou rsfteutnlou Ilsyanou epuotou HIe; KnaoOlK~e; cpxmornroc, snspxerrn one; 26 louftlou tOU 363, yta va oB~oouv ona to oveiou Kat Ol snnlOSe; tWV ASllvalwv, onwe; entonc xm onwv rrov Bcuuuonov rou cpxclou KO- 0IlOU. Km ro SlPWVlKO elvm moe Ol rptoixo! xproncvot svanoSstav avSIl otov tCHPO tou vur nonna xpovurlll

AKonouSouv uerpronudelc curoxocropec, Ol orrotoi ernOSlKVUOUV nvoxri npoc tnv Ennaoa, napa tu Kata xmpouc crtcvoneunxn vrn tnv apxaia Bpnoxsln OlataVllata. 'OIlWe;, ro 375 0 reoomnvrnc tWV EnsuOlviwv uuornpkov Nsotopioc, cvnorpoteuouevoc cvoucru nc Otata~Sle; curse, mnlla va Ot~OSl uno to rspnono ayanlla tile; ASllvae; orov napSsvwva IllKPO ayanlla rou AXlnneWe;, sTllKanOUIlSVOe; OVSlPO vur emxeluevo OSlOIlO xm olaowoll tile; nonswe;.

a lspOqlavtlle; NSOtOplOe; nootpnteuos moe 0 OlaooXOe; mu Sa elvm 0 rsneututoc ispotpuvrnc tWV EnsuOlviwv Muotnpkov. Km elvm an~Ssta!... a KpUTTroeBpa{oe; otpmnvoc tile; loncvtcc 8S0000l0e; onucrofioret yta tnv TlDnIl ttov ASllvWV tnv apx~ tOU tenoue; tnc.

rne; cpxec tOU E' movoc, IlS svton~ tcu umipxou tOU InnuplKou, EPKOunlOU, STllOKSua~Stat 11 BlBnlOS~KIl rou Aoptavou xrn ro Briun rou l\lovuOlaKOU Bstrrpou, svw avsvelpenn SK BaSpwv to Iuuvnoto tile; AKaOIlIl(ae;, to onuuvnxotspo nveuurmxo (opulla tile; STlOX~e;.

KatOTllv, epxetm 0 yalloe; tile; ASllvaTooe;, Buvutspuc tOU ASllvaiou ooqnotri Asovnou, IlS tOV Bu~avnvo nuroxputopn 8so060l0 B', Kat nvarrreptovet vssc snTliose; OtOUe; ASllva(OUe;. OOtOOO, osv upvouv va olatlJsuoSouv, snslo~ 11 SPIlOKOnIlTltIl, oOVllanK~, cuopmonn Kat nurup-

115

ATAaVTic; - To MUUTIKO TWV MUUTKWV

------

XlK~ nOunxsp(a, aOsnql~ tOU 8sooooiou B', s~aTlOnUSl ayPlO OlwYIlO Kata tWV Enn~vwv, xm urptnpei nno tn lspa Kat tn uvnuslu tWV ASIlVWV onouticlu aplOtOupY~llata tile; rsxvnc. Katapysi IlS VOIlO tnv Boun~ rou Apsiou nayou, nausl roue snovuuouc npxovrec Kal KatanUSl KaSs uoprpri aumOlolK~osWe; tile; TlDnSwe;. ETllqlepSl xnlpto Tln~Ylla om navSTllOt~j..110 tnc, IlSmKanwvme; Ola tile; Btac uno tnv AS~va roue KanutSpOue; KaSIlYlltee; Kat qllnoooqlOUe;, otouc onotouc ouoc npootpepet ysvvaise; allolBee;, yta va Oloa~ouv am avaolopyavwllevo uno tnv iOla ncvernorruno tile; KwvotavnvouTlDnsWe; (Mayvaupa).

Huepn ue tnv nuepo 11 AS~va KatappSsl, UTlOKUTltOUOa otnv lOXU tWV allopqlwtWV apxovtWV tou Bu~avtiou xm ore TllowTlnata KtuTl~llata tWV aumKpatOpwv. To tsnOe; tile; mnamwPllllevlle; SKTlPOOWTlOU tou aouYKpltOU upxmo snnllvlKou nvsuunroc sTlloqlpay(~stat us to oplonKo Kns(- 0l1l0 tWV qll~OOOqllKWV tile; oxonov. a AumKpatWp louonvicvoc OSV IlTlOPOUOS va TlspllleVSl an no tOV apyo Savam TlOU uoipntn STlSpxStat Yla tnv KaSsopa tile; nannaooe; ASllvae;, xm aTlOqlao(~sl va SSOSl rspuo otnv ~w~ tile; Ils

tPOTlO Blmo.

Eneun aTlo Tlonna sYKMllata eic Bnpoc lOU snnllvl-

oIlOU, 0 10uonvlavOe; aTloKnsisl roue 'EnnIlVSe; uno tu 011110- cur a~lwllata. To 529, IlS VOIlO TlOU SKO(OSl 0 autOKpatWp Karomv meaecuv aTTo roue; EBpa{oue; xPf1llaro6oree; tou, aTlayopsusl tnv nsltoupy(a tWV qllnoooqllKWV oxonwv tile; AS~vae;, aTlayopsuoll TlOU oOIlYs( avaTlOqlSuKta OtO OPlonKo tOU~ KnslOlllo. al tSnsutalOl ABllvalOl cocnorsc s~avaYKa~OVtat va supouv KamqluYlo OHIV aun~v tOU Bcoi-

116

AviarrK K£pallu~a~

new~ TI1~ Ilepotnc XOOPOI1, evw Ol upxnior vaoi TWV Ei'ln~vrov Bewv usrctpenovtm oe xptcncvixouc. Ln~ aune~ TWV Ennl1vlKwv Nawv, orrw~ Kat OWU~ xpumuvrxouc Ncouc, or Xpronuvol BaBouv vespouc, Iltorsutrv moe e~w nrto WU~ Naou~ TWV Enn~vwv enperrs va Bnqnouv Ol aVlOl.

Arro rov E' mrovn Il·X. 11 rronl~ TI1~ oo~a~ xm rou IpWTO~, orrw~ Kat onoKi'lI1PI1 11 AHlK~ oev unorsftouv rrneov rrapa eva coriuuvro uvioxupo ruriuo TI1~ sBpalOKparoullSvl]C; Bu~avnv~~ Autoxprrroploc, worrou ow 1453 Ol iOlOl Ol E8paiOl xpnuoroootouv rov MwallEB rov B', xm 11 rronl~ exaBI1, ue cnorsrteouc va unomeoouv Ol 'Eni'll1ve~ ow reVO~ QUO Ipope~ rrcpcncvo.

LUllrrnl]pwllanK!j LI]IlS{WatC;

Hvm aValllpw8~TI1TO vevovoc on roue vsxpouc oev nosner va roue Ba80uv oe iepouc xrepouc. [uon 11 rrpaVllanK~ l€POTI1W emtnooar arroi'luTI1 atBeplK~ KaBapOTl1w. 8a w e~I1V~ow ev ouvoiper. LTI1V npxmotnrn, Ol 'Ennl1ve~ orremeuvuv eTllllenw~ va Ba80uv roue vexpouc TWV oe repouc xwpou~, Olon oev rirnv OuvaTOv va TeneoBei l€pouPvia rrftnolnv rrreucrev. Anna to xumorepo urr' ona oev srrpsns va urmpxouv rrepluwllaw rrrnvov, o,no~rr01:e Kl av rituv, etrs nemotepi errs xenl06vl. Errpurmv KaT' aUTOv rov rpono, errelO~ or KOUl:(JOUnle~ eTllKoi'lnwvwl Kat rrnpnuevouv one vupw eTlllpavel€~ em eva OlaOTI11la Kat BewpouVWl W~ utcouc, orrcoc aKplBw~ us roue vsxpouc. AUTO~ nomov, eivm Eva~ nrro roue mo Bcoueouc i'lovou~ rrou Ol 'Ei'li'll1ve~ EKn~av W lepa roue oe IlEPI1 W onoto suploxoVWl os loxupa l1i'1eKTpOllavvl1nKa rreola, rrnvro uno W

ATAaVTir; - To MuaTIKO TWV MuaTKWV

------

117

orroln rituv aMvawv va rreTa~ouv W rrounla! To vevovo~ aUTO oUll8alvel os ortouc roue vnouc TI1~ upxmotnroc.

LW 6woeKaBeov, ani'la Kat ce cpxerouc vnouc TI1~ OpBOOO~I1~ Xpumnvueric BpI10Kela~, Ol OWOWI epeUVI1Te~ e~I1Vouv Kat uurol - totourorponec - rtdslom nnpmpuxoftoVlKa rpmvousvu Kat ovolla~ouv W utuoun aUTO, W onoto ovouncstru Kat l1i'1eKTpOllaVVl1nKo puxoc, eTllLPuxIOLOV.

Evnr; nno WU~ ouvxpovouc epsuvntsc, 0 K. naVaVlWTI1~ Maplvl1~ ow Bnuunmov spvo rou «H Ennl]vlK!j KO(Jllo8eaou;», avanuel W rruvru w~ npoc TI1V neptrmoon. !\evel i'l0lnov:

« ... orcv euproxouevoc ere rov rspov xoipov eva~ TllOTO~ npocncflel, KaBapI~wv W neotov TI1~ ouveionceeic wu uno ono W urtonomo nspiexouevo WU, va oexB~ TI1V enlfipnow tou Belou, TOTe etospxouevu aUTa W paKI1 TO Olawpaooouv. AUTO W vevovo~ arrooelKvuel eioen on BpncxeunKe~ xrrtnctnoeu; nou exouv eVTO~ ~ rrepl~ TWV xoptov ouvxevrptoostoc TWV TllOTWV, TWV vntev ~ TWV IlOvaoTI1PIWV, TalpOu~ Kat vexpotuqielu, ouosnore evvwploav aUl:a~ W~ ULPl1i'1a~ ai'll1Beia~ Kat ouostc e~ nuttov TWV TllOTWV KaTEBane rtpoortcfletn npocevvtoeoic TOU Belou», (ilav. Map{VI]C;: «H Snnl]vlK!j KO(Jllo8ea(JIC;», oeit. 67-68, SKO. «nea 8e(JtC;», A8!jvGl 1997).

AvalpEpalle W vevovo~ aUTO, Olon onivOl 1l0VOV av3pwnot vvwpi~ouv WU~ novou~ VLO WU~ onotouc 11 Arroi'lnwvLO Bpnoxetn OTI1V cpxnuitnru cncvopeuoe aUOTl1pW~ va 3aBouv vexpouc oirri'la OTOU~ vnouc, onoic sntonc va purtnlvouv W rteteiva TOU oupuvou WU~ iepouc xrooouc.

118

AVtOT'I~ K£paJ1uoa~

To JlEyano auto JlUUnKo '(Q Eyvwpl~av Ol lEPEl~ IOU llWliEKaSEou xm DnOl OUOl EJlU~SrlUav ore EnnllvlKa Muornpur. Ilposemn vto Eva JlUUnKo '(Q onolo '(Q Kpa'(Quuav oqnKta Ol 'EnnllvE~ ana rnv enoxri rnc AtnaVtllio~. 'Eva ~.lUUnKO to onolo '(Q EKJlUUtllPEuSIlKav Kal orouc AtnaV'(E~, anna 0 KaKo~ EKElVO~ nao~ nou npoepxorcv nrto '(QV AUtEPLUJlO '(QU 'DQJEW~, EKaJlE UUVEXW~ aVOJlE~ npa(El~, onoc va SaBEL VEKPOU~ lilnna orouc vnouc.

'Dna nurn nou liLOBauaJlE rrvorrepro, uvnrpsoovrm ana '(QV nnatwva U'(QV «Kplr{a», lillnali~ ornv UUVEXELO rou «Kplr{oU», KaSw~ 0 MEya~ ASllvalo~ Q>lnOUOQJO~, ottrutmr nrroropn rnv lil~YIlUIl. EYVWPl~E 0 nnatwv nw~ 0 nao~ '(QU 'DQJEW~ ermuos va nJla '(QV llla KOl rov nOUElliwva, BnouVl~E roue annou~ naou~, SaVatWVE aSwou~ KOl roue ESaBE lilnna orouc Noouc nov SEWV.

o 8ElO~ nnatwv EYVWPl~E on 11 unoSEull tou EPYOU rou, cvnverm KaS' onoKnllPlav ern omntpn tll~ mcvtcotcc. Anna EYVWPl~E, srnonc, on ornv snoxn rou, onw~ KOl UE KaSE enoxn, urrripxcv KOl Sa urrnpxouv avSpwnOl JlE uvorxtouc nVEUJlanKou~ OPl~OVtE~, Ol onoloi Sa EnEyav U'(QV suurov roue on, auto, BEBOla, liEV onuctvst, moe W E(lotopouusvn YEYOVOW slvm KOl ljJEuli~ ~ nvundornrn. lllon o nnatwv - w~ MEya~ MuUtll~ - ElXE un' ounv '(QU moe JlEta rnv enoxnv '(QU Sa unripxnv avSpwnOl nou Sa unopouonv va (EXWplUOUV tnv an~SELO ana rnv nnavll.

AnnWUtE, 0 naPJlEvllill~ elrrs nw~ '(Q uvurrontrrro liEV liUVOl:Ol va EKQJpauSEl En' OUliEVl noyw, anna OUtE KOl liUvnrm va vOIlSEl! BEBalw~, ona nuttr W Eyvwpl~av Kal Ol LEpete. lllon coxsrot ana ourouc elxav nc liuvatOtlltE~ va

119

ATAaVTi~ - To MUOTIK6 TWV MUOTKWV

_-----

nrtoxroploouv '(Q nctpueo '(QU~ UWJla ana to unlKO xm va w(lliEUUOUV UE annE~ UQJalpE~, JlE cnorsrleouu va tliouv '(Q JlEnnov. E( annou, ouoenore Ol lEPEl~ - llilW~ tWV llEnQJwv - ernfluuouocv roue nOnEJlOU~ JlEW(U tWV nEpUWV KOl Enn~vwv, liton VOl JlEV Eyvwpl~av lila '(Q n JlEnnEl YEVEofltn, anna ~(Epav vur to n aKplBw~ Sa uuvEBOlVE Ul:0 ZwlilO tWV IxSuwv, orrou 11 IEpa EnnllvlK~ Q>un~ EJlEnnE va unooret W navliEtVa an' DnOU~ Kat ana evnv.

Eyvwpl~av, rtomov, nw~ Ol BapBapOl tnc AtnaVtllio~ Sa IlHIlSOUV Kata Kpa'(Q~ ana roue 'EnnllvE~, KOl on oi lilauwSEvtE~ Sa EBpLUKav KaWQJUYLO otnv AUla. BEBalw~, KaSw~ o Eva~ alwva~ liLOliEXOWV '(QV annov, EYlvav KanOlE~ EmJlEt(lE~ JlEW(U nEpUWV KOl Enn~vwv ornv Aolu, anna Ol unoftomor nou nrteovektouocv elxnv nuvrors tOV llilO ornxo: Na E(aQJavluouv ana rrpootonou YIl~ '(Q EnnllVtKO UtOlXElO! Env, itomov, liEV rrruv 0 «Kano~ nao~» '(QU 'OQJEoc, OOOl lillnali~ lilEuwSlluav ana tnv Atnavt:llia, xm liEV EBa~av lilaBanJlaw U'(QU~ nEpOE~, ornoc enlonc xm O'(QU~ llitou~ '(QU~ 'EnnllvE~, EQJ' ooov JlEPlKOl nocxropec '(QU~ ~n· Buv ornv Ennalia toe QJln~ouxOl li~SEV, JlEVOVW~ vvoiorot oic «recpupa{ol», EVW nouv nutot nou npo(Evlloav tOV IlsnonOvvllGlaKO norteuo Kat teen anna liElva, rots '(Q BEBaLOv ElVOl on liEV Sa YVWPl~E ouoetc 'Ennllv tnv SEa lllKIl· To YEYOVO~ auto '(Q YVWPl~E KOl 0 HpaKnEltO~, svuc uno '(QU~ JlEyanUtEpOu~ ootpouc OI\ON tWV enoxtov, lila rouro KOl slrte: «Env liEV unnpxe 11 lllKIl, rtpo KOl nepnv tWV avSpwnwv, oufistc E( IlJlWV Sa EYVWPl~E '(Q OVOJla nutnc».

o KaKO~ nao~ '(Qu 'OQJEW~, rtomov, YVWOtO~ w~ Toupnvol KOl MoyyonOl, ouoenore SEnlloav va KaWKt~OOUV tnv Eu·

120

AvtOTlK KEpaJlUOac:;

pomn. 6EV TOU~ EVlilE:QJEpaV Ol ~aVSOl naOl nou 1:PlYUPVOUocv ueco ow liaal1 Kat vupco ana TOU~ nOWJlOu~. Touc EVlilE:QJEpav MONON Ol 'Ennl1vE~, lilon cutouc ~SEnav va E~atpuvloouv. llpoxemn 'Ita svn avaJlQJlaB~1:111:O YEYOVO~, 1:0 onoto 1:0 EyvOOpl~av OI\A W mtonouevn Jluana 1:11~ Ennalio~. 0 HpoliOl:o~, nap' on E:KaJlE toon naSl1, vpntpovrnr; JlEplKa npuvucm nou liEV euotuflouv, EV TOU1:Ol~ E:ypalJ.lE ornv «totopia» 1:OU noic onl1 11 ioropln unopsl va ouvoqnaSEl a1:OV cxutuolvuoro nortspo 1:11~ Eupomnc (lil1nali~ 1:11~ Ennalio~) JlE 1:I1V Acto. Ilpoksittn, nE:YEl 0 Hp6liOTO~ 'Ita 1:OV nOnEJlO, ortou 11 BapBap01:I1W nOnEJla 1:OV norunouo, 1:0 rKOTO~ 1:11~ Aala~ EVaVtlOV 1:OU Q>W1:0~. Ol 'EnnI1VE~ uuxoVWl (Kat Sa ucxovtml Yla 1:I1V EnEuSEpla Kat 1:I1V Iv 00 all, EVOO Ol BapBapol (toupnvo-uovvoftoil JlaXOVWl MONON 'Ita evuv oxono: Na EmBanouv 1:I1V E~ouala 1:OU~!!!

r~JlEpa, KaSOO~ lilaVUOUJlE W nprotn E:1:11 1:OU 210u atOOVO~, Ol Toupuvol Ka1:0pSWaav w~ liOYJlanKOl va E:XOUV 1:I1V E~-ouala UW xsptn 1:0U~, va E:XOUV, entonc, Jlla ven A1:navtidu (1:I1V AklEplK~) xm va rrpocnououv va E:XOUV ol\ovr 1:OU~ naou~ u1:I1V liounEla, EVOO WUTOXPOVW~ va OJllnOUV 'Ita loa lilKatOOJlaW 1:WV avSpOOnwv. Tou~ evoxrtst - OJlOO~ - nrpcvtuom TO YEYOVO~ on apKE1:Ol 'EnnI1VE~ nsprrouv ana 1:I1V avdlipaal1 u1:I1v lipaal1! Touc evoxrtst - EnlUI1~ - on 11 ouVE:XEla 1:OU nnatWvlKoU E:PYou «Kplriac;» EUPlUKEWl «sic xelpnc» nonnOOv Enn~voov. 001:000, U1:I1V npaYJlanK01:I1W ewm aV0111:Ol; lilon EVOO YVWPl~OUV moe evn JlEyano JlE:PO~ ana TO 97% 1:11~ Ennl1vlK~~ Ipnuuutelnr; EUPluKEWl otu XE:pta TOU~, anna Kat UW xepur nov Enn~vwv, EV TOU1:Ol~ lilE:rtpnfnv eve OnE:SplO aQJanJla, OWV 1:0V MalO 1:OU 1988, Kata

121

ATAavric:; - To MUOTIKO TWV MUOTKWV

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1:I1V npOEKnOYlK~ nspiofio oro lupa~n, Ol unOlJ.li}QJlOl noftrnKOl Kat W KOJlJlaW liEV sncucv va EnavanaJlBavouv otouc

lJ.II1QJOQJOpou~:

«Ml1v ~EXvlOJlaa1:E. 0 EXSpO~ ucc liEV etvm Ol nanatUl:i-

VlOl. Aumu~ roue exouJlE ano Ka1:oo. BaUlKo~ ucc aV1:ina-

no~ etvm 0 EnnI1VlUJlO~»! .

To YEYOVO~ auto lil1JlOUlEUSI1KE u1:I1V rEPJlaVlKi} EmSEOOpncn «NTI BEI\T», anna Kat u"[I1V EQJI1JlEpilia «EI\EV8EPOTVnJA» 1:WV ASl1vOOv am QJunno 111~ 5.11.1988.

Ta oxoiuc lilKa one .

rVNEnOr, i}wv oneSplo uQJanJla Yla roue cnovovouc 1:00V A1:nav1:wV, nou npounOlouvWl roue lilESVlU1:e~ Kat avnpa"((jlU1:e~, va exouv evav litaKa~ noSo va E~aQJaviuOUV ana~ lita nnvtoc 1:I1V Ennl1VlKi} Q>uM, Kat va KavouV 1:0 naSo~ E~OO1:EPlKEUOV1:a~ 1:OV UW lJ.Il1QJoliMna roue Ito 1988)!! Ev toutmc, neococv 12.000 xpovla uno 1:01:E nou roue KataatpelJ.laJlE a1:I1V A1:nav1:ilia, Kl EVOO uutoi ~ouv Kat avanveouv JlE 1:I1V Ennilia vn ucc E~aQJaviuouv, EMElr VnAPXOVMEI Ma~ Bnenouv nnvro JlnpOU1:a toucl

KE(PAAAIO A'

o TIMAI0I Toy nMTONOI

KAI 01 EMMIIeOl APNHTEI TOY IEIPI0Y

« AKOI.Jn TTpiTTEI va OIOKPIVW~, (va ~EXWpI~EI~) I TTOIO TTpiTTEI va KoM, OTTW~ OKPIBw~ TO KO).OUV 01 TTO).).OI, (TO TT).r180~) I KOI TTOIO OXI. tUOTI TOUTO dVOl xorioruov KOI 010 va KOTOOKEU6~EI KOI 010 va OVOOKEU6~EI~, [vo ovolpd~) »

APloTort}.n(: «'Opyavov», i oe). 81, EKO. Lt, Baol}.dou)

«ATTWTEPO~ OKOTTO~ o).wv TWV ·OIEUKO).UVTIKWV~ IJEToppu8IJIOEWV y).woon~ rirov KOI dvOI n OTTOKOTTll TWV VEQ-H).r1vwv OTTO O).E~ TI~ <j>U).ETlKO -

y).wooIKi~ PI~E~ TWV".

E. AKToUOlaVQKn(:

( «H npwToyivEol tru; E}.).nvIKrf( ().woon(» )

01 «EIL\IKOI» qJEYL\ONTAI L\IA TON <1>080 TON 10YL\AION EPrOL\OTON TOYI

'0 flOl Ol TpOJ,lOKpaTr]l.lEVOl xm ro EJ,lJ,llGBa «EJ,lLj.JUXa» rno-

vur nov VEWV aqJEvnKWV HIe; NEae; ATflavTiooe; (= AJ,lEplK~e;24), EmJ,lEVOUV noic 0 noftrnouoc npo~flBE an6 tnv Xafloa(a Kat TIlV A(yuTlTo, Kl lIGTEpa J,lETao6BIlKE GTIlV EfIflaoa.

Ae; TOUe; OtaLj.JEUGOUJ,lE Kat nafll. llpw Ol 8EavBpwnOl 'EfiflllvEe; uoxortnflouv J,lE nc J,lEyaflEe; n6f1Ele; rrou EKTlGaV GTOV 'OfluJ,lno, GTIlV nEflon6vvllGO Kat GTIlV Kp~TIl. 'OfiOl Ol afiflOl, uutol ollflao~ nou riouv nfiIlBuGJ,lo( xrn 6Xl rtcol, BplGKOVTaV GE ~WWOIl KaTaGTaGIl!! ME fI(YEe; flE~Ele;, OEV rtpoEPXOVTaV an6 TO onepun, aflfla TO cnspuo npo~flBE an6 auTOUe;. Dnoioc J,llGEfiflIlV OEV OUVaTal va TO KaTaflaB&l, Kafla Bu KaVEl va KflE£GEl aUT6 TO BlBfI(o nou KpaTa GTa xepin TOU, Kal cc aGxofillBE( J,lE KanOlo GKavoafioBIlPlK6 neproOlK6, ~ va olaBaGEl TIlV «BE6nVEUGTIl» EBpa·(K~ «BlBflo», ~ TO TaflJ,louo.

To 6n unripxs TO KaKlGTOV YEVOe;, TO Eyvwpl~av MOl Ol GOqJO( Tile; flup-Eorlnc TWV 8EWV, EI\-AL

24 llpoc Bsou. reBollol IITIlV eVtenelO to noo tWV HnA. Annwc:' cneuaovoum os KanOlouc: KOKOUC: rrodmxouc nou liev cvcnouv tnv AllepIK~.

126

A vtGTlK Kcpapuoc/(;

o HfllaKO~ Apl(rrOTeflll~ fleVEl:

«f1Ev TTPO~pxOV"(Q aTTO "(Q crTTepJ1a, aflfla avn8eTW~ TO (mepJ1a TTpo~fl8EV aTT' aUTOlJ~ .... ».

o OE Meva~ Hcrlooo~ fleVEl tu E~~~:

«Uruv epxornv 0 KatPO~ va J1Evaflwcrouv, TToflu fl(vov Kalpo (oucrav, ETTElO~ UTTeepEpav TToflfla Buccvn E~ atda~ TIl~ avollcrla~ TWV, ETTElO~ OEV J1TTopoucrav va KpaTOUVJ1aKpla 0 evnc aTTO TOV aflflov TIlV au8aOll 81a ... ». {H(JioooC;: «fpya Kat H/18palJ> 125-145).

Krn KaTa "(QV nflaTwva:

«EVEVVWV"(Q aTTO rnv vnv xm OXl 0 svcc aTTO "(QV aflflov».

Utitattav: «nOillrtKOC;)} L11.

Ol J10vaOlKol av8pWTTOl rrurou "(QU TTflav~"(Qu etvm or 'EflflIlVE~ Kat ooor exouv one epfle8E~ TWV "(Q lXc.iJp! Ol aflflOl rioav av8pWTTOElO~, or OTTOlOl snriocv tnv KavovlK~ J1opep~ J1E to TTElpaJ1am VEVETlK~~ rtov Eflfl~vwv 8Ec.iJV. Ta TTElpauurn TTOU EKaJ1av TTPlV nrro 200 xlfllaoE~ XPOVIa, OEV etxnv aTToflutll ETTlTUxla. To VEVOVO~ auto avaepEpEml EJ1J1EcrW~ TTflllv craepc.iJ~ ore apxala KElJ1Eva TIl~ Ava"(Qfl~~. ETTElO~, OJ1w~, TToflflol apKOUVtat oro KElJ1Eva TIl~ «naflata~ f1la8~KIl~», em' ooov uovov cum roue lKavoTTOlOUV TTfl~pw~, EVc.iJ cvvoouv tEflElw~ tnv VTTEPOXIl EflflllvlK~ Mu80floVla, Bn avol~OUJ1E rnv «rEVEcrt», OTTOU ueon EKEI 8flETTOUJ1E "(QV uv- 8PWTTO Kalv va flEVEl crTOV «8EO» Iorov TOTTOTIlPllt~ - smrnPIlT~ rnc MEcrll~ Ava"(Qfl~~, 0 OTTOlO~ OEV EXEl OXEOIl - me TTPO~ rnv TTEP1mwcrll - J1E TOV rtax8E TTOU 8Eflouv va J1a~ TTElcrouv TTW~ aUTO~ slvm], TTW~ «0 T1PclJroC; T10U 8a /1S ouvavm(JSt 8a ue (JKOrclJ(JSt».

ATAavric; - To MUGTIK6 TWV MUGTKWV

------

127

fUVETTc.iJ~, E~W aTTO rov «napaOEtcrO», UTT~pXaV Kl aflflOl aV8pWTTOl. llooxsum Via tu aVBpWTlOElO~ tll~ IluftmovtonOv(a~.

Ol ETTlTIlPlltE~ EVETTVEaV ep080 OTa aVBpWTTOElO~, aflfla ru EeppOVn~av ootooo. 0 «8EO~», Ollnao~ 0 UTTEU8uvo~, 8a~El OIU.laOl otov Ktnv Via va J1IlV TOV crKOtc.iJOOUV.

o Ka8E OupuvtocEundov E(XE avana8El J1(a unoorortri, OTTW~ J1a~ nrtnpoqiopouv tn vvrioiu cpxeln UI~ Alvumou (KEep. 1,2), TO 10pOa·CKO EuavvefllO (KEep. 1) Kat 11 E8palK~ B(8no~ (KEep. 0/16), Ka8c.iJ~ neYEl on 0 Kalv «s(rjil8s aT10 T1PO(JclJT10U rou 8sou Kat cJJKf/(JSV sv Vf/ Nato KATENANTI E08/1».

Hpoxsum vur vevovotn oro tEfloe; TIl~ nmmoteiovevouc TTEplOOOU.

Otnv nOlTlov 0 Avc.iJtatO~ Apxwv tou Eslpiou El:ilW~E (aTTecrtEli'lE) TOV Kalv ltov KanihEpYllt~ UI~ Meoll~ Avmoi'l~~), KATENANTI, onunlver on rov eoteuts orov nrrevuvn , nftcvritn, rnv rllv, vur va rtnpet ol:iIlY(E~ ornv xc.iJpa Nafl:i.

Tnv fle~1l ournv av tnv l:ila8aooUJ1E uvurrofin, l:i(VEl to ovoJ1a f1(av!

Ttc nrtnpotpoplec curse Ol E~(crtOPE~ tnc «BlBnou» nc nripnv aTt6 tnv ioroplc tWV Q>li'llOta(wv, l:illi'lal:i~ tWV Enn~vwv rou Alya(ou, aflfla tn ncpouolnouv 6fla W~ l:ilKa uevll Aut6~ slvm 0 aflIl8~~ floyo~ TtOU 0 E. Halley, 0 E8pa(0~, EypaijJE otnv «fUVOmlK~.lomp(a tnc Ay(a~ rpaep~~» on apKEta cno tu vevovoru TtOU avaepepEl 11 B(8no~, exouv ETTlteuxdst, anna uno roue 'EnflllvE~ J1laC: J1aKplV~~ ETtOX~~!

Ol E8paiOl «npomrrrsc» Eyvc.iJpl~av on Ol 'Ennl"JVEC: slxcv aVEKa8Ev uln Ell:ilK~ ouvflnunrodovln, OTtW~ J1E tnv OVOJ1a-

128

AvtaTI7~ K£paJluoo~

ai,a trl~ vrioou ATAA ME~OrEIOY, rnv onoiav rnv EnpocpEpav ~aVTOTE W~ M-AATA, ~ onw~ ~E rnv fle~I') «AMOP» nou TI')V ~Ka~av ,«POMA», ol')flao~ TO avTi3ETO TI')~ ayanl')~, Kal OXl on ~PoEPXE~al uno TO ovo~ma TWV lopunilv TI')~ Pc.iJ~a~ (= PW~I')~) Pw~o xm Pw~uflo.

Ooov acpopa TOU~ E8paiou~ E~iaTOpE~ TI')~ Bi8f1ou TWV TOU~ E~oxfI~uaE TO YEYOVO~ on 0 nponoc 8aGlflEU~ TOU KO~

ouou, evnc EflflI')v nou ecpEpE TO ovoun L\IA~ npoc '

, t" , ., n~I')v

TOU Enoupavlou L\ia, ovo~aaE OflOKflI')pl') TI')V AlYl~oa «rH TOY L\IAN»! (Kal OXl rl')TOU Naro).

o «TIMAIOI» TOY nAATONOI

O Kntnnovnouoc TI')~ ATnavTioo~ eYlvE 10.000 xpovur npiv TI')V srtoxri TOU Anonnc.iJvlou Tucveoic Kat TOU lnoou TOU ranlnaiou. rTI')V 101') xuuetlu, npw ana TOU~ avwTepw nou e~I')aav aKpl8c.iJ~ TI')V iOlav snoxriv, urtripxs evuc 3auunotoc noftmouoc ana TI')V nnEupa TWV Enn~vwv, 0 onotoc ~TOV nsurrroc KaTa GElpa ~Eyano~ nortmouoc nou EOl')~loupvnouv, TI')v mrtn nou ~ExaaTI')Kav ona tu al')~aVnKa urtopuec vevovotn Bu ~a~ tu oll')YI')3Ei 0 iOlO~ 0 nnaTwv, UlO~ TOU Aptortovoc Kat TI')~ Ilepuenovnc,

H ol~YI')al') uoc ustnrpepet am usou TOU 60u nuovoc n.X., ornv 0 r6ilwv etxs ernctpeuiet EK TI')~ IlEyanl')~ rrepiofieluc TOU. 0 olanoyo~ vtvsrm TI')V ncpcuovri TI')~ EOPT~~ TWV llnVa31')ValWV, I') onoia cvnorotxel ~E TI')V 141') AUYOUGTOU .

. KPITIA~. f\KOUGE rtouuiv, rWKpaTI'), ulnv nonu napa~EVI') rrupndoon, nou elvm oucoc TEnEiw~ anl')SlV~, onw~ TI')V Oll')y~SI')KE KanoTE 0 rtitsov comoc ana TOU~ errm oomouc, 0 ~6ilwv. AUTO~ ~TO Kat aUYYEV~~ uuc xm noftu cpiilo~ tOU .npommnou uou L\pwnioou, omoc Kat 0 iOlO~ TO neYEl GE nonna uepn TWV nomuunov TOU. El~ TOV rumnov 1l0U KPltlnv stns, KaSc.iJ~ ucc Oll')YEltat 0 yepo~, on nanata xnropSc.iJ~am currie EOc.iJ TI')~ noftetoc TWV ASI')vc.iJv, ~Eyana Kat a~lOSaUllaGm exouv nl')GIlOVI')SEl, eVEKa tl')~ nofluxmpluc

130

AviurrK K£pallu6a<;

xm tou Bnvntou tWV avSpwnwv. 'Eva ~aihota riruv to ueyanutepov an6 6na. Aut6 tci>pa Sa enpsne va to 6lI"JYI"JSci>usv Kat 6la va to avtan06ci>ow~ev Kata tnv soprriv nutnv - 6lKalw~ Kat anI"JSci>~ OtI"Jv Sea ASI"Jvav, toe va e4Janno~ev uuvov npoc nuriv tI"J~.

rOKPATHr. Kana ne~. nOlOV 6~w~ elvm to Kat6pSw~a auto nou 6lI"Jy~SI"J 0 Kpltla~ 6Xl w~ ann~v napa600lv anna w~ npcvprmxov yeyov6~, nou to EKa~e I"J n6nl~ curri Kata tI"JV upxninv erroxriv, omoc to ~Kouoev an6 rov r6nwva;

KPITIAL Eyci> Sa one 6lI"JYI"JSci> utcv nanatav nupdfioow rtou EXW oxoucsr 6Xl an6 KavEvav VEOV avSpwnov. 0 KPltluc rtomov, KaSci>~ elnev, ennI"Jola~e tore tu svsvnvru, eyci> 6e riuouv tore 6EKa etrov. H I"J~Epa, nou uou 6lI"Jy~SI"JKe tI"JV ioroplcv, EtUXe va slvtn I"J Koupetenc ttov Annrouplwv25. Evwe nom6v Kat rote auto nou ouv~Sw~ evlvsro ue ro nat6la 6I"Jn. Ol nntepec unc EBanav BpaBela yla tnv anayyenlav nomuatrov. AnI"JYYEnSI"JOaV, BEBata, nonna nov ~~ata nonnci>v nomrtov, anna tu neprooorspu nat6la anI"JYyelna~ev nouiuutu tOU r6nwvo~ nou riouv VEa sxelvnv tI"JV snoxriv. KanOlo~, nom6v, an6 roue cppatOpe~, slrs 6l6n tors tu enlorsus npawanKci>~ etre 6l6n ~Sene va cpavel Kanw~ euxnproroc ere tOV Kputuv, slnev 6n I"J yvci>~I"J tOU

25 Anamupla. flcvnpxmn eoptri nov A3rlVa[wv Kat 6i1wv tWV uoviKWV n6i1€wv. ElX€ liUlpK€la tPlWV rll.l€pwv: Trw tptrnv nuepcv, tnv Koupscmv, 01 noftttm 01 cvrixovtsc €l~ tnv lli[av qnrrpluv, yevo~, OUYK€VtPWVOVtO Kat eypaq>av 60a nallila €y€vv~3I']oav to stoc €K€[VO. Ta natlila an~yy€ililov lilaq>opa nomuctc xm 01 apLOt€UOVt€~ €BpaB€uovto. Tn Ancrouorc €yeV€Vto npoc nJ..l~V tl']~A3I']va~, lOU l'I16~ <Ppatp[ou Kai lOU M€ilava[Vllio<; l'IlOVUOOU tOV J..l~va Ilunvuntovn (15 OKtwBp[ou-15 NO€J..lBp[ou).

131

ArAavri<; - To MUaTlKO rwv MuurKwv

------

slvm moe 0 r6nwv ava6elxSI"JKe Kal oe anna ~I"Jt~~ata 00- cpci>tatO~, anna Kat OtI"JV nOlI"JOlV ecpavI"J 0 nnEOV npoooeutlKci>tatO~ an6 6nou~ tOU~ nOlI"JtE~. 0 YEPO~ rote, to evSuuouun; nortu Kana, euxaplOt~SI"JKe unepBonlKa Kal us xa~6yeno slnsv: npay~atlKa, A~uvav6pe, av 0 r6nwv 6ev noxortetto oc eK ttspumou ps tnv nolnow anna ue ouotnuu xm unouovnv 6nw~ annOl, Kat av slxev onoKnI"JPci>oel tI"JV nnpnfiomv nou Ecpepev e6ci> an6 tI"JV Aiyumov, «m av osv euotcsero el~ tI"JV avaYKI"JV, evsxc enavaOtaOEwv xm annwv KaKci>v, va tI"JV napa~En~oEl, rots, Kata tI"JV yvci>~I"Jv uou rouncxiorov, OUtE 0 Hotoooc, ours 0 'O~I"JPO~ OUtE anno~ «cvetc nounric Sa EyivEtO KanUtEpO~ an6 aut6v.

AMVNAN6POL Kat nota slvm uurn I"J ncpccornc, Kprtln:

KPITIAL Acpopa Eva ~EylOtOV Kal aocpanci>~ to nnEov ovounotov Kat6pSw~a an6 60a eXEl Ka~El I"J n6nl~ uutn, an~vtI"JUEV 0 Kpltia~, to onotov E~EtEnEoSI"J ~EV anna, eVEKa tI"J~ norluxmplnc Kal tI"J~ E~acpavioEw~ tWV npWtEpyatci>v tou, I"J napa6oOl~ nept nurou 6EV 6lEtI"Jp~SI"J ~EXPl

O~~EpOV.

AMVNAN6POL AeYE unc, nom6v, E~ opxnc, n aKplBci>~

slvm, nci>~ eYlVE Kat an6 nolov to ~KOUOEV 0 r6nwv 6tl ntnv anI"JSlv6v, omoc enEYEv.

KPITIAL El~ tI"JV Aiyumov, El~ to 6enta, EKEi nou El~ tI"JV KOPUCP~V tOU 6laxwpi~Etal to pEu~a tOU NEinou, unupxet ~ia eKtaOl~ nou nEYEtal ra'(nK6~ vouoc I"J ~Eyanutepa rronl~ tOU vouou nurou rrro I"J ra"l~26, an6 tI"JV onolcv Kat~YEtO

26 Eatc: n6ill~ €n[ tOU BoilBlt[VOU Bpnxiovoc tOU N€lilou. Ep€lma tl']~ OW~OVtal nill']olov tOU OI']J..l€PlVOU I:a-EiI-XaYKap.

132

AvtUTfJ~ KEpaJ1UOa~

Kat 0 ?aO~nEUe: AJ..I~0le:27. o. K(lTOlKOl 3EWPOUV We: apxr)VOv t~e: non,EWe: HuV J..IlaV 3Eav, r) orroto ere J..IEV rnv AlVUntlaKr)V vnwooav OVOJ..la~Etal Nr)T328, ere DE rnv EnnnVlK'

, " ",' r)v,

on~e: unOOtr)pl~OUV ourot, A3r)va. Avanouv nonu roue A3r)-

vmouc ~al LOxupi~ovtat, on Kata KanOlOv rponov Eival O~VVEVEle: ~WV. EKEi, nomov, orcv En~VEv 0 I:6nwv, Ka3we: smsv, ~nJ..lr)3r) J..IE E~atPEnKae: nJ..lae: ano roue: KaroiKoue:

Kat ~r)t~v nnqpocpopiae: OLa tq\Lnanalav roroplnv tr)e: xwpuc ,ano t~ue: mpEie: EKEivoue: nou rnv EVVWPl~OV nonu Ka,n~, aVEKanuijJEv on OUt8 uutoc 0 iOLOe: OUtE annoe: xuveic Ennr)~ 8VVWPl~E rlrrors oX806v Ola to nanala. 'HPXL08 V~ roue n8Vr) OLa rue apXatotatae: napaoo08le: nov A3r)~WV, OLa rov CJlopwvEa29, 0 onoloc 83EWp~3r) we: 0 nporroc av3~wnoe:, Kat ola tnv Nl08r)v olr)V~3r), ernonc, ola rov l\8uKanlwva xm rnv nuppav, nwe: OlE8iwoav J..IEta rov xcrcKnUOJ..l?v, Ka~ OLa :roue: anovovoue: nov, Kal npo08na3r)08 va Ka30P~08l no~a ern nap~n30v ana oou EnEVE, .xm va xpovonovnoei. KanOloe: ana roue lEP8ie:, nonu r)nlKlWJ..lEVOe:,

27 AJ,I~(j/(; n AXJ,lw(jtc:;. 0 8' <Papaw l:'l~ 26'l~ AIVUmtaK~~ liuva(j{ela~ (569 n.X.) ? AllaOl~ nro <PlflcflfI'lv 3epllo~, flovw l:'l~ eflfI'lVIK~~ KamvW,V'l~ lOU, COl:W Kat llaKpIV~~. Enpool:cneuoe etc l:'l,v xwpav l:?U EflfI'lva~, roue onotouq eVKal:COl'loev el~ rnv Mell~lv, xm €Ol:elfle noflfla liwpa el~ roue l)eflqJOu~ xm el~ aflfla Ilep'l l:'l~ EflflCtlio~ {Hp6ooroc:;: elotopia» B'1161 Kat Llt6owpoc:;A' 68J.

28, NIJt8. To evo np.?o~nov rnc flal:peUOIlCv'l~ el~ rnv fa'llia Tplalio~ rOOl~I~ - N'l13 - Ilpoc], emul:i~eto us rnv naflflCtlia A3'lvav. 29 <Pop~veu~. 8aOlfleu~ IOU Apvou~. Mvel:at on rito 0 npwlO~ el~ lOV ~oo~ov nou cKnoe nofllv, nooc avalOfllKa l:OU Apvou~ ere tnv lie~lav ox3'lv IOU lvaxou rrorouoo.

ATAavTi~ - To M(fUTIKO TWV MUUTKWV

------

133

rouslns rote: «ronwv, I:6nwv, csic Ol 'Ennr)V8e: 81038 uuoVlWe: natOla xnvelc 'Ennr)v 08V elvm VEPWV». 0 I:onwv aJ..la tlKOU08 cure, tOU elrts: «nwe: vtvstm curo, n 8VV08le: J..I8 cure nou nEY8le:;» Km 8K8lVOe: urnivrnosv: «'OnOl 81038 VEOl Kata tnv ijJUXtlV, Olon 08V EX8t8 I1Eoa ere tnv ijJUX~V one Kal1J..1iav nanatav YVWOlV OLa rnv apxalav napaooOlV, OUt8 Kat xnvevu J..Ia3r)l1a nnftmov ana rnv rrortuxciptuv, Altla aurou tOU cpatVOJ..lEVOU elvm r) 8~~e:: nonnal xmcotpomol av- 3pwnwv EXOUV YlV8l Kat 3a YlVOUV ono nonna nlnu, at nnEov I1EyanUt8pat uno nupKa'lae: Kat KataKnUOJ..lOue:, xm at uixpotspm ana cuetpntrr nlnn. n.x. r) ncpnfioo«; nou ernxpcret 8le: tnv xopnv one, on or)naOtl KanOt8 0 CJlaE- 3wv, 0 UlOe: tOU Hitiou, nqiou E~8U~8 co cpuo tOU rtntpoc tou, 8n8l0~ 08V 8lX8 rnv lKavOtr)ta va aKonou3~a8l tov lOlOV J..I8 tOV nutepn tOU OpOJ..lOV, Kal tn ern Yr)e: enupnonr)08 xm ouroc Kwnr)38lC: ono xepuuvev 8CPOV8U3r), auto nEY8tal wc: l1U3oc:, 8VW r) npaYJ..IanKOtr)e: elvm 17 TTapailila~l(: rCL1V TT6Pt~ tnt; YI7C: TT6PUP6P0J16VCL1V oupavitov aCL1J1arCL1V Kat 17 KaraarpOqJlj aTTO ro aqJ8ovov TTUP Kara uasooxoovia OtaarljJ1ara rCL1V 6TTi inc YI7C: 6UptaK0J16VCL1V OvrCL1V. TOt8, nomov, ooor xutmxouv 8lC: rc opn Kat 8lC: uijJr)noue: xm 8lC: ~r)pouc: tonouc KataOtpEcpOVtal n8pLOOOt8POV ana EK8lvouc nou KatOlKOuV nrtnolov tWV notnuov Kat rnc 3anaaone. ElC: tnv xopcv ucc outoc 0 Neinoc:, 0 onotoc Kat Kata tn anna elvm owtrlpac: l1ac:, J..Iac: aW~8l Kat 8lC: rounituc rrepurrciosic uunxnvtnc unEp8KXElnl~wv. Dtnv E~ annou Ol 380l, Ka3apl~OVt8C: tnv Yr)V, rnv Katannr)l1l1upl~OUV 11& V8- pa, ooor 8UPlOKOVtat 8lC: tu opn OW~OVtat, onwc: rr,x. Ol 80uKonOl xm Ol 800KOl, OOOl ouoc KatOlKOuV 8lC: rue non8lC:

134

AvtaT'1~ K£pal1uoa~

cue, ncpcoupovrm orro roue rrornuouc ere UIV 8aflaaoav. El~ UIV xopnv ucc, oueic, EOW OUtE rots ours aflflatE ntmEL EK nov avw VEp6 errtivto eic rnv Vllv, aflfl' avn8EtW~ qlUOlKWtata cvcouerm EK tWV KatW npoc reeve. E~ altia~ curov - f1om6v - tWV mtltov, at napa06aEl~ tll~ xwpa~ jla~ f1EVEtal on slvm nrrftmorcnn. H afl~8Eta 6jlw~ elvm on El~ 6f1a tn jlEPIl'~!l()U Q __ xsuuev ~ 11 ~EOtll OEV sivm unspflo-

f1ll<-tl, urropxEl nnvrore to VEVO~ nov av8pwnwv, aflil-o-t"""E====------l

nofluapl8jlov xm aflflotE ofllvapl8jlov. Oon opctn ~ jlEvafla

~ Ka8' oiovtinnore tponov a~l6f1ova EXOUV· VlVEl ~ src tnv

xropnv one ~ sic rnv lOlK~V unc ~ El~ aflflov ronov nrto

ooouc VVWPl~OjlEV E~ aKO~~, 6f1a nurti slvm uno naflaLOu~ xpovouc vpnuuevn EOW sic roue vuouc jla~ km EXOUV Ola-

OW8EL El~ rnv xepcv one, 6jlw~, Ka8w~ Kat ere aflfla~ xw-

pee, 60a Ka8E qlopa EXOUV oloPvavw8El, WOtE va elvm Kataflflllfla Ota tu vpajljlata xm Ota tn aflfla 60a slvm ava-

VKala sic rue n6f1El~, EPXEtal Kata Ka8oplOjlEVa xpovix« OlaOt~jlata cnv qlOBEpa a08EVEta svovrtov roue psuun

nno tOV oupav6v Kat aql~VEl ~WVtaVOU~ uovov tOU~ avpajljlatOu~ Kat cuopmonouc nrro occ, WatE ViVE08E E~

apx~~ nafllv onv VEOl, XWPl~ va VVWPl~EtE rlnore nrro ru

naflata nou tuxov EVlvav elre El~ tnv lOlK~V unc elrs eic

rnv lOlK~V occ xopcv. Oon, f1om6v, etnsc npOIlVOUjlEVW~,

r6f1wv, Ota rue lOlKa~ one napa06aEl~ nspt VEvEafloVlwv, EflaxLOta OlaqlEpouv cno natOlKa napajlu8ta, Ol6n OEl~ EV- 8UjlEl08E uovov Eva-KataKfluojl6v me VIl~, uoftovon noonVOUjlEVW~ EXOUV ViVEl noflfloL Kat6mv OEV VVWPl~EtE on

az THN XOPAN rAr EZHrE TO n"EON OPAIOTEPON KAI TO

n"EON KA"VTEPON AN8POntNON rENOr, AnO TO OnOION

135

ATAaVTi~ - To MUaTIK6 TWV MUaTKWV

------

KATArErAI KAI rv KAI 01 rv~tnO"ITAI rOY, ol6n tEflo~ navuov OlEaw81l ofllVov ertspun, OEl~ 6jlw~ to E~ExaOatE, Ol6n Kal 01 nnovovor tWV olaow8EvtWV srtl noflflae; vevscc anE8vIloKOv XWPl~ va VVWPl~OUV va vpaqlouv. 6l6n Kanots, r6f1wv, now uno tOV jlEvaflov KataKfluojl6v, H rHMEPINH nO"lr TON A8HNAION VnHPIEN APlrTH Elr TON no"EMON KAI rENIKOr Elr THN 61AKVBEPNHrtN THr HTO TE"EIA. Ele; tnv n6f1lv EKElVIlV f1EVEtal 6tl EVlvav KA""IHA EPrA «m OlEjlOPqlW81l0av tn nflEov APIHA nO"ITEVMATA, nno 60a nuetc EXOjlEV nxouoet on vnHPIAN Em THr rHr.

~jla ~KOUOEV cure 0 r6f1wv, 6nwe; uou stnsv, E8aujlaOE Kal E6El~E noflu jlEvaflllv noosoutcv va jla8El nEpL006tEpa, napaKaflwv roue ispelc va tOU OlllVIl8ouv 6na vEVlKWe; Kat ue Ka8E nEmOjlEpEtaV Ota roue upxutouc oUjlnoflltae; tou. o tEPEU~ nom6v tOU elns: 6EV unnpxsi n6vo~ va jlll to KajlW, r6nwv, anna 8a oou to etnto Kat npoc xnpw OOU Kal xcow tile; n6nEWe; one, rtpo nnvttov 6jlwe; xnow tile; 8Ea~, 11 onotn Kat tnv lOlK~V one Kat tnv lOlK~V unc xopcv srtpo OtatEUOE Kal aVE8pE4JE Kat Ejl6pqlWOE, tnv 161KHN rAr XI"IA XPONIA npOTVTEPA, aqlOU En~pE to onEpjla Ola one an6 tnv VIlV Kat tOV 'HqlalOtOV, Kal AProTEPA THN 161KHN MAr. Ere tn tEpa ucc BlBnla slvm vpajljlEVOV, on 11 OLOPvaVWOle; n6nEW~ EOW EVlVE rtpo OKtW xlnlaOwv EtWV. 8a oou OlllVIl8w - nom6v - ue niva n6Vla Ota roue vououc nou stxav Kat ota to nnEOv OPAIOTEPON nov EKAMAN 01 npo ENNEA XI"IA60N ElON rVMnO"ITAI roy annOtE, otnv 8a EXWjlEV susmpicv, 8a elncousv rue nEmOjlEpElae; Ol' 6na uuttr, aqlou 8a EXWjlEV sunooc jlae; ro lOta tn «stuevo. roue vououc, rtomov, tile; n6nEw~ EKElvlle; E~EtaOE roue EV

136

AvtUTI7r; KcpuJ1uoar;

avnnapa8on~ npoc tOU~ eow. ~l6n 8a eupeic eow nonna rmpcfistvuutu tWV voutov nou urtripxov rots sic tnv nofuv (>a~. Ev rrponoic 8a lO~~ on to repunxov Y8VO~ elvm tenelw~ ~exwpwt6v an6 tu anna. Yntepn an' auta Kat 11 nr~l~ tWV texvrttov etvm ~exwplata opvcvousvn, ol6n epvn~etal anOIl?vWIl8~11 an6 rue anna~, xwpi~ va cvuuswvust~l us nutuc: to lOlOV xm 11 ta~l~ tWV Booxoiv, tWV KUVI1- yw~ xm tWV yewpywv. A(j(panw~, sxeic avnnl1q:J8ei on Kat 11 ta~l~ t~V noftsuumcv eow elvm ~exwpWt~ an6 rue anna~, Kat on ere curouc Kata vouov oev emroensrm va aaxOn?UVtal ere rlnots anna eKt6~ an6 tov nofteuov. 8a napet,l1pl1ae~ e~ annou, on a onruouoc roue sivm aanioe~ xm ?opata, -ue ~a anoia nprorot an' 6nou~ tOU~ Amata~ wnnw8111lev I1llel~, ol6n Ila~ rc eoioa~ev 11 8ea, omoc EIXE ~1l\AI~1 KAI rAr npOTOVr ere exetvouc roue ronouc. Ooov aq:J~pa tnv uoptptootv, 8n8nel~, 888ata, n6GI1v q:Jpovtioa Kate8anev e~ apx~~ a vouoc ola rnv ruxtonomow tWV naVtWV, 1l8XPl tl1~ llavnK~~ Kat tl1~ latplK~~ nou coxofteltm ue tnv uvsluv, aq:Jou eq:J~PIlOGe rue Bstcc uurcc sruomucc sic ta~, av8pwniva~ avaYKa~ Kat eouornuctortotnoe 6na~ ~a~ yvwael~ nou rrpospxovrm an6 uunic. H 8ea, nom6v, l,OPUGe npOTHN rnv I~IKHN rAr nO"IN, aq:Jou eq:J~PIlOGeV onl1v, nutriv rqv oovcvoiorv xm taKnK~v, eOlane~e tOV ronov onou eyevv~8l1tE, cmou enp6ae~e Kana tnv euxpcotcv nov e,noxwv tau 8tOU~ Kat xrrrevonnev, on 8a avaoei~el av8pwnou~ nonu ouvsrouc. E~ouaav, rtorrtnv, el~ rnv n6nlv Ol, xpl1mll?nOlOUVte~ tOlOUtOU~ vououc Kat OlolKoullevOl napa nonu ~ana, ~at elxov unep8anel oxovz tOU~ av8pwnouc sic Ka8e eloo~ cpetnc, onoic rrco q:JumK6v aq:Jou

HrAN rENNHMA KAI 8PEMMA 8EON! '

137

ATAavrir; - To MUUTIKO TWV MUUTKWV

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8aulla~ovtal, rtorrrov, nonna «n Ileyana epvn tnc n6- new~ one ypall1l8va eow, svn 61lW~ unep8xel Kata to IlEye8o~ «m tnv cpemv. "EYOUV Ol1naM tu 818nia ucc, noonv ex8plK~V Mvalllv KATEHPE4JE KAnOTE H nO"lr rAr, Mvauw, 11 anoia us ana~oveiav, aq:Jou e~wPlll1aev an6 8~W, an6 tOV AtnaVtlK6v wKeav6v, em;pxeto tautoxp6vw~ Kata tl1~ Eupwnl1~ xm tnc Aotcc. ~16n tots to eKei nEflayo~ rlllno- pouos xuvslc va to nepaael, enelo~ el~ tnv slcobov tou, tnv onolnv osic oVOlla~ete ()t~na~ tau HpaKn8oue;, slxs utcv vnoov 11 vnooc aut~ ~tO lleyanUt8pa an6 tnv "1- 8ul1V30 Kat tnv Aaiav I1VwllEva~, Kat an' uutnv eKKlvouvtee; Ol tots av8pwnOl IlMvavto va ano81Baa8ouv Ele; rue annae; v~aoue;, Kat an6 nutuc Kat6mv sic on6Knl1POv tnv anEvaVtl ~nElpov tnv EUPWKOIlEVI1V yupw uno tOV an1181- v6v ssstvov wKEav6v. ~16tl tn IlEPI1 auta nou EupiGKovtat EvtEU8EV tau oroutou nou avaq:JEpallEV, mctvovtm ouv nlIl~v IlE KanOlav GtEV~V ctoooov rn EKEl8Ev 61lwe; tau oroIlLOU slvm nPArMATIKOr OKEANOr, Kat 11 IHPA nou to nspv KnEiEl no"v ~IKAIO"OrHMENA KAI A"H80r ~VNATAI NA ONOMAr8H HnEIPOr. Ele; tnv vnoov, nom6v, uutnv AT"ANTIl\A wpyavw811 IlEvanll Kal a~L08aullaatOe; Mvallle; BamnEwv, 11 anoia EKuplapxEl su; on6KnllPov mv vnoov Ka8we; Kat Ele; nonnae; annae; vricouc Kat tIl~llata tile; nnetoou EKt6e; touttov Ol Bamneie; EKEivOl E~ouaLa~ov, an6 to EvtEU8EV tau otoulou IlEPIl, mv "IBul1v IlEXPl tile; ALVumou Kat rnv Eupwnllv IlEXPl tile; TUPPl1vlae;31. On6KnI1POe;, nOl-

30 To llexpl tnc Awumou 6UtlKOV wr'wa tnc AqlPlK~~.

31 To Keillevo Mvel « ... Kat W~llata tl1~ I1neipou ... ». 6I1ila6~, eKtO~ uno tnv vnoov tnc Atilavti60~ Kal clilila~ noilila~ v~oou~, onCJl~ uac ilevel 0 nilatCJlv, 11 Mvalll~ sxstvn eKuplapxel Kat os W~llarn tl1~ nnstpou. ruvemi:l~, npoKeltat vur tnv AlleplKavlK~ ~nelpo!

138

AvtOTf'/r; Kcpapu6ar;

nov, 11 MvaJ.1l(:~ uutri, cqiou oUVEKEvtpwBIl Kat ENOnOIHSH

,

EnEXEiPIlOE rots J.1E ulnv E~OPJ.11l0iv tile; va urtofioufuooer Kat tOV t6tKOV ucc to nov Kat IOV t6tKOv one Kat onoKnllPov IOv EVtEUBEV IOU oroutou, TIlV snoxnv exstvnv, fonCJ)v, H LWNAMlf THf nOAEOf fAf ANE~EIXSH EIAIPETIKH METAIV OAON TON ANSPonON Kat E~ mttuc tile; APETHf THf Kat E~ uuluc tile; AN~PEIAf THr. ~ton, nqiou E~EnEpaoEv oftouc Kata tnv av6pEiav Kat rue nOnEJ.1tKae; tsxvnc, ette npxnvsuouou tCJ)V Enn~vCJ)v strs Kat TEAEIOf MONH THf, Kat' avaYKllv, 6ton Ot AAAOI THN ErKATEAEllJ.IAN, nmou EqJBaOEV Ete; IOv xEinoe; tile; KataOtpOqJ~e;, KATENIKHH TOVf Em~POMElf, eorncs rponmn evovrtov tCJ)V, HMnO~IH NA VnO~OVAOSOVN OOOt aKOJ.11l 6EV slxov un060unCJ)BEi Kat AnHAEVSEPOH, xCJ)pie; KAMMIAN AIIOfIN, OAOVf HMAf roue annoue; nou EiJ.1EBa EVtEUBEV tCJ)V HpaKnEiCJ)v Otllnwv. MEta nupefteuotv cpxerou xoovou, OJ.1CJ)e;, EytVaV qJOBEpoi OEtOJ.1oi Kat KataKnUOJ.1oi Kat EVtOe; EVOe; TPOMEPOV HMEPONVKTIOV OAOKAHPOf ° HPATOf fAf EtaqJll ere rnv YIlV, Kat E~llqJavioBIl, srrtonc, BVSlfSElfA Elf THN SAAAffAN 11 vriooc ATAANTlf. ~t' auto aKptBwe; Kat ttepu to J.1Epoe; exelvo tOU CJ)KEavou elvm a6taBaIOv Kat a6tEpEuvI'}" IOV, 6tott EJ.1n06i~Et 0 nonu oftlvov uno tnv erumnveurv tile; BanaOIJIle; nllnOe;, IOV onotov E61lJ.1touPYIlIJEV 11 V~IJOe; otuv KatEBuBioBIl». (Ititauov: (( Tiutuoc», Keep. I', J1TTavra apxaitav Enntjvwv (Juyypaepsepwv, EKoo(JelC; ((flaTTupoc;», Meuupoaou; A. flaTTa8eoodJpou, A8tjval 1975).

° 6tanoyoe; EytVE J.1Eta~U IOU fCJ)KpaIOue;, tOU Iuinlou, 0 orrotoc rrtnvo qJtnolJoqJoe; Kat aotpOV0J.10e;, EVW 11 xrrruyCJ)y~ tOU ~tav uno roue AOKpOUe;, IOU YVCJ)OtOU Kpnln Kat tOU nOntttKOU anna Kat tOU Buuunorou otpntnvou EpJ.1o-

ATAavrir; - To MUUTIKO TW_V _M_UO_TK_W_v 13_9

KpatOUe; tOU fupaKouoloU. Ot IJnOU6alo~ EKElVOt ,av6PEe; OUVExtOaV rnv ou~~tIlOIl tile; npollyoUJ.1EVIle; nuepcc. nepr IJtpaqJElIJa otnv oPyavCJ)1J1l l6Ew60ue; nonttEla~, nsot tile; onolae; Eypal\JEV 0 SEioe; nnatCJ)v ornv ((flOnlrelaV» tou, ° 6tanoyoe; EytVE tnv ncpouovn tile; eoontc tCJ)V navaBIlvntrov. To BEJ.1a tOU ~taV 11 61lJ.1tOupyla tOU ouunnvtoc.

° Kpttiae;, xcrornv uno6El~ECJ)e; tOU OtpatllYou EPJ.10K~aroue, 6tllYEltat tnv nspl AtnaVtl60e; ioropluv, tll,V onoiuv AtVUmtOl iepslc 6tlly~BIlKaV IJtOV fonCJ)va Kat EKEtVOe; otov

mmnov tOU Kprrlou, Kprduv.

navtCJ)e;, auto nou elvm ul\Jlotlle; nnunoluc, EiV~l to Y~vovoc on 01\01 at aMOJ.1EutOt EPEuvlltEe; oJ.10noyouv ~CJ)ple; KavEvav Ev6OtalJJ.1o noc tu navtu oqJElnovtal orouc EnnllVEe;. napa6ElYJ.1atOe; xcow: 0 f.\vtptOU TOJ.1ae; anoMxEtat t? YEyovoe; ntor; OAOI 01 EmfTHMONEf IJtllPlxBIlKav otouc It-

yavtEe; tOU nVEUJ.1atOe;, roue 'EnnIlVEe;!

I\EYEl aomov 0 f.\vtptOU TOJ.1ae;:

"nloCJ) an' tOV KonEpvtKO, tOV rantnalo Kat IOV Mnpouvo OtEKOVtat Ot IJKtEe; tOU nuBayopa, tOU APlIJtapXOU, tOU Ava~ayopa, tOU Ava~tJ.1EVIl Kat annCJ)v Enn~vCJ)v qJtnolJ~qJCJ)v. ° NEUt<ilvae; avayvWptIJE to XPEO~ tOU Ot~V a~xatOtntu nEyovtae;: «Av elfin mo J.1aKpta, swm vum IJtEKOJ.1at

otouc wJ.10Ue; ytyavtCJ)v».

Kat IJUVExi~Et 0 E~alpEtOe; EPEuvllt~e;:

«ftov nan~o KOIJJ.10, Ot apxalOt 'EnnIlVEe; J.1EtPIlIJav to nnatOe; tile; rpornxnc ~wvlle; Kal ~~Epav vin til Yll tOU ~ntO~ tOU J.1EIJOVuxtlOU. fU~lltOuIJav to BEJ.1a annCJ)v ~atatKIlJ.1EVCJ)V IlnElPCJ)V Kat aKOJ.1a Kat KOIJJ.1CJ)V tOU 6t~(JtIlJ.1a,tOC;. Ot 'EnnIlVEe; slxnv apKEta IJaqJ~ tMa tOU IlntaKOu IJuotllJ.1atoc;,

140

A VtOTI)C; KEpajJuoac;

vur va qmnxvouv uovtsrtu '(QU Kat va Ktl~OUV rrduvntnpur. To KEV6 cvcueon one: ~Eyai'lEe: YVc.lllJEle: Kat W cvertupxn 6pyava ornv cpxmorntu eqiepuv os uunxnvlc Ttoi'li'loue:

EmaT~~OVEe: ... ». {AvrplOu TOJ1ac;: «Ia MU(JrtKc1 tnt; Arilavr{tiac», oeit. 135-137, EKOO(JSIC; Kaotavuam, A8rjvGl 1995J.

f'(Q onuslov '(Qu'(Q Bn TtPETtEl va OlEUKplVlaOU~E TO E~~e: onuuvnxo vsvovoc: 0 f\VTPlOU Toucc, onroc enlonc Kat ai'li'l0l TtOi'li'lOl 'Ei'li'lIlVEe: ouvxpovm ouvvpcmstc - ai'li'la Kat 0 ouvvpcmsuc '(QU ava xslpuc BlBi'llOU - oruv nvurpspovtm GTOue: 'Ei'li'lllvae: Tile: rrpoxptcnnvueric snoxric, i'lEVE: «01 Apxaioi Eitiinvec». Hvm ~la i'lavBaa~EVIl OlOTuTtwall ~E '(Q va cnoxcftouue '(Que: 'Ei'li'lIlVEe: TtOU E~llaaV TtPlV nrro TOV lnoou Tile: rai'lli'lalae: Kat '(QV ATtOi'li'lwvlO crro W Tuava32, we: «Apxaiouc». 6l6n, ornoc olOBaaa~E aTOV «Tiutuo» '(QU ni'laTwvoc TtPlV uno i'llYO, 11 ouvrpoqnn TWV Ei'li'l~vwv qnrtoooqnov, fWKpa'(Que:, Tumlou, KPltlOU Kat Eouoxpurouc crroxcftouos TOUe: vlKIlTae: TWV ATi'lavTwv, 'Ei'li'lIlVEe: we: «Apxa{ouc;». 6uI TOUe: aVWTEpw noov npnvuun Apxulo. Ol Ttp6YOVOl TWV TtOU svixnocv TOUe: ATi'lavnoue:, ol6n EKElVOl E~llaaV 10.000 Xp6VlOTtPlV TIlV ETtOX~ TOUe:. fUVETtWe:, elvm i'la80e: EK ~Epouc OAON ucc va ovo~a~ou~E «Apxaloue: 'Ei'li'lIlVEe:», au'(Que: olli'lao~ TtOU E~llaav TtPlV uno 2500 ~ 3000 Xp6VlO rt.X. E~ ai'li'lou, Bu slvtn ~Eya i'laBoe: va i'lEvE Ol nnovovol ~ae: TO 3.500 ~ TO 4000 ~.X. «or npxnlot 'Ei'li'lIlVEe: '(QU 200u Kat TOU 210u uuovoc ~.X.».

Ooov uqiopu TIlV nrropln TOU f\VTPlOU T6~ae: TtOU ypacpEl aTO EPYO TOU «Ta PU(JrtKc1 tnc Arilavr{Oac;», on «m aVE-

32 0 IIlOOU~ Kat 0 Anoflflci>vlo~ ana rn Iunvn tll~ Kana6oK(a~ E~I'J" oov rnv (6lav snoxnvt

ATAaVTic; - To MUOTIK6 TW_V M_U_O_TK_W_v __ 1_4_1

33 0 Eu6o~o~ 0 Kv(610~ (408-355 n.X.) ~to Eva~ uno ~ou~ rno qllllll~ ollEvou~ qHfloo6qlOU~, llaSllllatlKOU~ Kat aOtpov~1l0~~ tnc En;_

. tOU fnou6aOE om oxofl~ tOU Apxuta Kat usrn nnvs Ot~V I x~~o Katomv n~VE omv KU~IKO, onou EKE( EKavE 6lKIl ~ou ~xofl~ MEta En~VE otnv AS~va w~ KaSIlVllt~~ tnc .AKa61l1lIaE~:

V'" .' til 6latunWOE 0 U

TIlV K(vIlOIl tWV OIlOKEVtpwV oqlatPWV, oruoc . fl Ootooo 0

6o~o 11 ollllEPIVri Emot~1l1l tnv MXEtat w~ ts sm. '.

'Eflflll~ Eu6o~o~ E~1l0E 2400 Xp6VlO npw a~6 tOU~ ~IlIlEPIV~U~

• "I' me NAfAI (na rov EuDO~O Bilsrrs I\S~IKOV ApxauJJv

EmOtllllov"'.... .,..... . . D )

Eililrjvwv BspBmJlwtf} I. rwv EKDOCJSWV teoovia f}C:.

142

AVtOT'1~ Kf:paJJuoa~

oplOllevou~ tousle urreptepouoav tl1~ ouyxpovl1~ emot~- 1l11~ rooo, wote 6eVeXel KatOpBwoel lleXpl O~llepa 11 emOt~1l11 va cpBaoel OtO errirre60 nov apxaiwv Enn~vwv. 8a 61amOtWoel aKolla on rronnoi arro nurouc rrou nnoov NoIlrren ~ aKolla 61aKpiBI1Kav vur nc emOtl11l0vlKe~ ovcxorvwoel~ xm ecpeupeoel~ roue, 6ev excvov nnors an no

' , ,

rr~pa va aVtlypallJOuv epya xm cnourerc Enn~vwv emorn-

uovov rnc apxatotl1ta~, 1610rroloullevol tn ennl1vlKa emteuYllata onv xoivot Knecpte~, omou 6ev avecpepav KaBonou nc rrl1ye~ crro onou avteypallJav nc emOtl11l0vlKe~ roue avaKanullJel~!». {A 8. Mapyap{rfJC;: «flu8eac; 0 Ma(J(Jafi1riJrfJC;», oeit. 74-7~ eK{j. «[/lUpvIWraKfJC;»).

ftl1,v oe~i6a 81 rou avwtepw Bl8fJiou, 0 K. Mapyapitl1~ avacpepel on 01 ennl1vlKoi xapte~ - apKetOu~ alwve~ npo XplOtOU - sixuv KnillaKa OXI cov rnv Ol1lleplv~ KfJillaKa nov xnptov, rrou exsi KaBlepwBei 61eBvw~ In.x. 1:6.000.000) anna aveypacpav nc arrOOtaoel~ nrro eva onueto Ilexpl Ka~ noio anno, rooo 61a rnv ~l1pav 000 xm 61a rnv Banaooav us nAHPH AI<PIBEIA, anna Kat roue rrnav~ta~. 01 xdptsc rioov KataoKf:UaOllevOl us KarrOla avanoyia AfNOfTH fHMEPA H EMAf. tse» IlrroPOUOf: va yiVf:l 6lacpopf:tlKa, acpou 01 'Ennl1vf:~ ricuv 61aVOlf:~ ern llaBl1llatlKa, ornv yeWIlf:tpia xm ornv aOtpovollia Kat arre616av ue ypalllllKa oxe61a KaBf: arrootaol1 rrou 0111lf:lWVOtav f:rravw OtO xaptl1, 11 orroln ouvofieuornv uno aKpI8f:i~ llf:tP~Of:l~ rtov arrootaoewv.

o aOtpona80~ ~ eKtOKuKnlov, orrw~ oVOlla~f:to 0 f:~a~ta~ , npw rnv erroxri rou lnoou xm rou Arronnwviou, nro svu opyavov YVWOto os onou~ roue 'Ennl1vf:~ vaunxouc. MeplKoi ouyypacpf:i~ rnc «apxatotl1'[o~», arrMl6av '[I1V f:U-

ATAaVTi~ - To MUOTIK6 TWV MUOTKWV

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143

Pf:OI1 tou f:~avta (= aotpona80u) OtOV Irmupxo, eva onou- 6aio 'Ennl1va 0 onotoc e~110f: Ilf:ta tOV OIlOf:Bv~ rou, rov fluBea nrro tnv Maooania. OOtOOO, 0 f:~avt:a~ osv emVO~BI1Kf: rmo tOV trmupxo, rrapa 1l0VOV tf:nf:.lorrOl~BI1Ke en' nurov. Ev roUrolC;, ra «euuiuxa» movla reiv E~ou(J(a(JrriJv uTTo(JrrjpI~av Ort 01 Apa8ec; rj(Jav autoi TTOU eqJeupav rov e~avra-a(Jrpofia80. EuruxriJC;, aTTo{je{x8fJKe J1e atptivtaxta ototxeia Ort eivat eKaro tou; eKaro efifil]VIKO eniteuvua. llepcv onwv nunov, 01 'Ennl1vf:~ rnc npo XplOtlaVIK~~ snoxnc f:yvwpl~av [Ila~i ue tOU~ rrapann~nou~), to VOtlO Kat 80Pf:lO 111l10cpaiPlO, ccreprououc, wpe~, Il~KI1 Kat rronna anna IlUOtlKa, onou eva uno nutri tu IlUOtlKa riro to f:~~~: l<aBopl~av rqv unootcon lleXpl to BOPf:lO ~ to Nono nono, KaBw~ Kat '[I1V Beoll tOU~ rnv AI<PIBH MEfA fTO fVMnAN.

01 Iluptpopo; 'Ennl1ve~ urtovoououv tOU~ onuepwouc rrnpannl1nou~ tl1~ YI1~ ue rnv ne~11 «I<nilla». H ne~11 nurq Ilf: tOU~ rrapannllnou~ tl1~ Yll~, otnv ynwooa nov EA 611noi «I<Alflf THf rnz, ZONH, ponH»34.

34 0 K. Xp~oto~ I\a(o~ oro epvo tOU «NauflKr] texvoiiovla otnv ap.xaia EMMa», avacpepel vtc tnv XP~OIl tnc cerpovoulnc ana roue 'Eililllve~, 6nw~ entonc xm to nnvcpxmc OUvvpalJlJato nou elxnv otnv KatOX~ roue, npoonaSouoav Ol 'Eililllve~, ilevel 0 K. I\a(o~, va Bailouv ce ta(1l to xcoc, ailila ouourcnxn eKallav, til. v Ilevailutepa sncvcotcon ornv VVWOIl nou exel nupouomorerusXPl o~lJepa. (X. 116(0(,': «NauflKr] Iexvoiiovia otnv Apxaia EiIi16oa», oeit. 23, EK06usI(,' «Aioilo(,'», A 8r] val 1996). (Bilens Kat ~.r. CPwrslvou ((NaUflK6. H uUJ,l80ilr] rwv Eililr]vwv eu; rqv olaJ,lopCPWUIV tnc: 8swpqflKr](,' Nauuiuac», A8r]val 19~5, 6no~ avacpepSI tuat; 'I Nauttitia rwv Eililr]vwv inc apxatotntoc ntav eva noavuaue» BauJ,la).

144

A vtarfJ<; KE:pal1uoa<;

BB8alw~, or ~JBUtO «OlBBVWtal», nutol Ollnao~ TTOU , . .IlOOUV BavomJ,la KoBB n TTOU EXBL OXE:OIl J,lB EnnIlVWJ,lO, O~nwoav Km:O KatPOU~ Ota. O~BBV BTTW'(IlJ,lOVlKO TTBPLOOlKO ,(WV HnA Kat '(Il~ EupWTTIl~ on Ol 'EnnllvB~ rrpxtonv va ta~lOBUOUV J,lB,(O to 1600 TT.X.

A~ roue olalJlBuOOUJ,lB TTonl:

To Kanu,(Bpo E:PYo TTOU YPOq:JIlKB J,lB,(O '(IlV uO,(BPIl npxmO'(llta Kat avaq:JE:pBtal O'(IlV Apxala NaunK~ Ennooa, BIVat avaJ,lq:Jw8~'(llta rou K. AnE:~avopou AaYKaoo «Ot aoxaio, 'filil'1vec; Kat '1 8ailalJlJa». fUYKBKPlJ,lE:VW~, avaKanuq:JBIlKB evn TTnoloplo J,l~KOU~ snrc uerpov '(Il~ «MBOOnlBlK~~ BTTOx~~», TTPO 10.000 B,(WV. To J,llKPO nuro rrftolo E:KaVB ta~IOta uno '(IlV EpJ,llovloa orqv M~no nrro OTTOU Kat J,lB,(Eq:JBPB '(OV oKnllPO ounourvo nlBo. {Bil. ro rrpoavaqJep8ev epyo rou K. l1aYKaoa, oeit. 30-33, EKOOlJetC; «XpulJacp'1 I. nave('1», A8rjVat 1990).

Elvat avaJ,lq:Jw8~'(Il'(Q YBYOVO~ on ouoBI~ QUvatal va aTTooBI~Bl TTW~ TTPlV uno rov ,(BnButalov TTpO xpwnavlKo mtovu OBV uTT~p~av nortrtot TTonmoJ,lol, TTOU BOIlJ,llouPYlloav Ol 'EnnllvB~ rou aTTW,(O,(Ou TTapBnBovtO~. MonlOta, 0 Opq:JBU~ oloaoKB TTW~ 11 rll eivrn fQlAIPIKH, TTW~ KINEITAI ryPO AnO TON AlONA THf!

El~ rov Ypvo rnc QluoBW~, 0 Opq:JBU~ nE:YBl: «[}BlvoKaBBK,(B, 0lJloq:Jov ao'(poyonOlmv TTOOWV Ixvoc eintoouoa». [}Ilnao~, [}EN EINAI EYKOAO NA fE KA8HfYXAfEI KANElf nOY fTPOBIAIZEfAI (KINElfAI) A80PYBOf, OfTE EMElf nOY nATOYME EnANO fOY [}EN ANTIAAMBANOME8A TON 80PYBO fOY!

BnE:TTOUJ,lB, nomOv, on ere '(0 aTTWtatO TTapBnBov Ol Ilup-

ArAavri<; - To MUGrlK6 nov MUGrKWV

----....,.,~:---

145

q:JOPOl 'EnnIlVB~ slxnv E:VaV aVW'(BpOV TTOnmOJ,lOV, aTT' o,n slxtrv O'(IlV KnaOmK~ BTTOX~. 'Dna curn slxnv W~ q:JumKo srmsorlouflo va J,lIlV 1:0 yvwPI~ouv Ol 'EnnllvB~ '(Il~ teftsurulcc npoxproucvrxnc xuuertcc, yta '(QlJ'(O xm 0 fOYXl~, olln. 0 lBPBU~ rnc faToo~ BITTBV ere '(QV Eomov ABllvalov, on: «Eoilwv, Eoilwv, oeu; ot 'filil'1vec; eilJ8e auovtou; rratota' «aveit; 'filil'1v tiev eivtu veotov .... OtOrt ttoitita! «ataatpotpai

8' " r 8' 35

av ptotuov exouv ytvet Kat a y'VOUV ... » .

o 'Ennllv BYVWPl~B - BvonK,(wow~ - on elvm UTTOXPBWuevoc va BPBUV~OBl yta 1:0 TTapBnBov '(QU. flpoxemn vur eva YBYOVO~ '(0 onolo '(Q aTTOOEXOVTal onOl Ol aVB~op'(Il'(Ql epevntsc. 0 Xp~01:O~ Aunwvl'(l1~ 0'(0 B~alpBtO epvo rou «OOUlJlJSWC; tteplttitouc» TaUd~Bl OB eva OIlJ,lBIO rov Oouoceo J,lB '(QV KoBB 'Ennllva, ypoq:JOVTa~ on «11 '(0011 voomnviu, anna Kal q:JlnoJ,loBBla tOU OouooEa36, J,lOlO~Bl va elvm o unonxoc rnc o08eo'(l1~ smfluplnc KoBe 'Ennl1va Ta~lOBU'(~, yta TTpOOTTenaOI1 ouvoptov, e~epeuvl1011 rou ayvwO'(QU Kl BTTlO'(POq:J~ ntoto ornv na'(ploa. MOlo~el J,lB cvurpopo 0'(11 MI1'(pOTTOnl1 1:OU ~evl1,(BJ,leVOU ennI1VlOJ,lOU» {X. Auilwvir'1C;: «OOUlJlJSWC; Iteolnoitoc, rj '1 ftvavrta E(arrilwlJ'1 rwv Eililrjvwv», oeiuc 246, eKOOlJelC; «!J'1IllvUP\'{G», A8rjvat). rUJ,lq:JWVOUJ,lB aTTOnUTa us tov ev noyw ouyypaq:Jea!

35 To nnalC.IlvlK6 KE[IlEVO nEVEl: «0 I:6nwv, I:6nwv, 'EnnI1VE~ aE[ net- 6E~ sore, VEPWV 6E 'Ennl1v OUK eonv .. » mfltirwv: «TiIlGIOC;» Keep. r, B).

36 npoVllan 11 qllnollOSEta 1:OU 06UOOEW~ ritO xm E[Va! eunon- 0IlEVI1 01:0 nlpn 6nwv tWV Ennrivwv!

KAI AAAAI AnOllEIIEII llIA TON nANAPXAION EAAHNIKON nOAITIIMON

O laJ,lBihxo~ (363 J,I.X.) eypaijJE vur rn 42 lEpa BlBilla nov Alyumiwv lEpewv. 0 Bsloc laJ,lBihxo~ EioE nc rrspvnJ,ll')ve~. 01 AlyumlOl lE:pEi~ tau stncv on 01 nEpyaJ.ll'lve~ ypacpl')Kav rnv 101') xuuenc ana rov E""HNA EpJ,l~ rov TPlOJ,leYHJto!

o apxalOfloyo~ Ap80up nOovaoKu, ana rnv Aa na~ rnc BofilBia~, J,llflwvta~ vur rov J,lIOOtEflEIWJ,levo Nao tau 'HfilOU otnv TlaxouavaKou, IOxupi~Etat on I') KataoKEU~ otaJ,larnoa ~acpvlKa yupW OtO 9550 n.X. H xpovofloyia elvm YVWOt~ 01 lepEi~ tl')~ raroo~ slrruv orov roflwva on I') AtflavtiOa xa81')KE to 9560 n.x. {flllylj: )1vrplOu Toutu; «Ta MulJrtKa rile; Ari1avrioae;» lJ8i1ie; 37).

o l\loyeVI')~ a "aepno~ eypaijJE rov 30 alwva J,I.X., on 01 AlyunnOl KateypaijJav 373 I')fllaKe~ xm 832 oEfll')vlaKe~ EKflEiijJEl~. ME Baol') rnv nEplOOlKOtl')ta nov EKflEiijJEWV xm J,lE rnv J,le80oo tau Metwvo~ unopst va EVtOntOtEi I') aKptB~~ xpovofloyia .... Kata npooeyylOl') 9500 rr.X

o npoKflo~ (412-489 J,I.X.) eypaijJE on a nflatwv EntoKecp81')KE rnv Aiyumo xm J,lifll')OE ornv raToa J,lE rov apxlE:pea Ilursverr, otnv HfilOUnofll')37 J,lE rov lEpea Oxflanl') xm otnv rEBevvuto J,lE rov lEpocpavtl') E3iJ,lwva. rEYOVO~ elvm on 0

ATAaVTi~ - To MUGTIK6 TWV MUGTKWV 147

nflatwv eJ,la8E tn ntivtu oon utpopouv rnv Atflavti6a ana

npWtOXepl! .

o AflCPPEVt Nrovr ypacpel OtO E~aipEta EPYO tau ((H TlPOlJWTllKIj ~wlj rou CfJpavlJIe; MTlSIlKOV» one OEfliOE,~ 13?-140, on I') Beortovto 06~y1')OE tOU~ av8pwnou~ J,laK~la ana ta~~ J,lEyaflou~ oroxnorsc rnc Eflflaoo~. ,Katw, ana tnv I')~EOla tau isputetou, a EflflI')VlKO~ Ilorunouoc Boutl')~E - crpou tau EOEoav Ola tl')~ Biae: tu uunu - J,lEOa ornv aBuooo tau MEonkovoc.

'OJ,lW~, Kat a nortmouoc tWV Atflavtwv ~tO uijJl')flo~: OXt OJ,lW~ onwe: tWV Eflfl~vwv. BEBaiw~, o~ AtflavtE~, nouv aypallJ,latOl, cuopmenm xm a~EOtOI. Movov 0 ~ao~ tau 'OCPECiI~ EYVWPl~E rn BaOlKa J,lUOnKa tau VOl')tOU oUJ,l~aVtO~. 0 "ao~ tau 'OCPEW~, nqiou I')tt~81') a,no, tO~e: Oupavrouc E4JI"ON (= E), I')tt~81') aKOJ,lI') J,ltO cpopa, ox~ OJ,lW~ orov oupovo, aflfla E6w otnv rl')V, Kat OUYKEKplllEva El~, tl'),v Atflavti6a. Eni noflfla~ xlfllEtia~ a BaOlflEi~ tau NOl')tou ruunuvroc, rEiplO~, EviKI')OE tov "ao nou ~fl8E ana rov AOtE-

PIOJ,lO tau 'OCPEW~. , ,

01 tau 'OCPEW~ slxnv CiI~ Eopa tnv Meal') Avatofll'). l\IEJ,levav 6E ere rnv Xafl6aiav. 'EypaijJav to iepo roue BlBflio, to ((H OlTli11j lwlj». l\l')fla6~, tnv ~w~ orov norsprouo tau Omsoic, Kat tnv ~w~ E6w at I') v rl')v. To BtBflio auto elvm aKpw~

37 HlIlDVnOli/E (= Hil(ou n6ill(~) l6pu31l tll~ 1211 ~lilletia nX an~ tOU~ 'Eililllve~ tWV Eileu3epwv tll~ nlepla~. Emoll~, Yla toy luo yevll Aaeptlo tOY lallBillxo, toy np6Kilo KOl 6ilou~ roue onou- 6a(ou~ 'Eflilll~e~ tnc APX0l6tlltO~, Bilen~ one ooBa~e~ EYKU~ Kflona(6ele~ xm Ae~lKa ta onotc 61l1l00leuOuile lleplKa OlIlV Bl BilloYPOlp(a.

148

AvtGTf}r; K£papuoar;

urtoppnrov Kat EXOUV 10 OlKalWJ.la va to otaBaoouv J.lOVO 13 crouu, noflfla xpovur npvotspn evpcunrv UIV «naitau: Llta- 8t]KIJ» «rn 10 « Taituoot)». To OEUU;PO BlBfllO sivm tEflElW~ vvoiorc, EVW 10 tplto slvm J.lOVO EV J.lEPEl VVWOto.

H aflflll napaw~Il rtponpxsro ana tOV fElplO. i\Ilflao~, ana lOU~ nflaV~tE~ lOU fdp'lOU, ECP' OOOV nuroc slvm svcc 'HfllO~ nva~, rtpnvun nou EXEl W~ CPUOlK~V cuverreurv, Ol av8pwnol va unv unopouv va Em~~oouv J.lE toon UlJjllfl~ Beouoxpcotc. Ol av8pwnOl lOU fElPlOU - lOU~ onolouc unoPOUJ.lE va lOU~ ovouuoouue OVPANIOVf E4JII\ON - elvrn aOEflcpol J.lE lOU~ AVOpOJ.lEOlOU~, olon rrpoepxovrm ana tnv lOlav i\Eflcpuv (= urirpu).

i\ux tOU~ Oupcviouc 'ElJjlflov (= E) nou EVKaWOta81lKaV OE lOUlOV tOV nflav~tll, nqinoov nuerpntu vpnrmi uvnuelc, aflfla KatEcrtpaCPlloav J.lEta lOV KaWKfluoJ.lo lOu1ti\EuKafl(wvo~. Apvorspu, npxionv va Kawvpacpouv3B oftu W VEVOVOW nou EnaKOflou81loav, ,aflfla xnrectpurpnonv ow tEflIl lOU i\' J.l.X. atWVO~ Kat EJ.lElVE Eva nEVtE tote EKatO uovo.

APKElOl 'EfiflIlVE~ EvpalJjav J.lE KWOlK6, EK tWV onokov Kat 0 MEva~ HOlOOO~. ftOU~ KatWtEpW OtlXOU~, BflEnOUJ.lE rov HOlOOO va nvuqieper nnvrc lOV Eslpro 010 KEVtpO Ka8E OtlXOU.

38 {j,EV xoreotpmnnonv 6ila tn KEi~Eva. noilila E~ ourov euploxovrm OE EililllvlKa xspur, ailila Kat OE xspla - nov Nswv - E~ouourotov, Yncpxouv Kat noili'la Mila rrnvnpxmn KEi~Eva Katw ana rnv ocpiyya tnc ALVumou tn onoia Sa vveioronomaouv ana tOV Kataili'lllilo aVSpwno ornv Katai'li'lllilll snoxn. nlO1EUW ntoc auto Sa ViVEl om usee rnc B' 6EKaEtia~ tOU 210u atwvo~!

149

AT}.avrir; - To MUGTIKO TWV MUGTKWV

------

Century: 8 B.C. (AlWV 80~ n.X.) Hesiodus Epic. (HOlOOOU Enocl

Op 417

KauJ.latO~ loafllJ.l0U, J.lElOnWplvov oJ.lBp~OavlO~ ZllVO~ EplO8EVEO~ J.lEta OE rpsnarut BPOtEO~ xpoic noflflov EflacppOtEpO~' Oil yap tors HIPIOf acrt~p Btaov urtsp KEcpaM~ KIlPltpECPEwv aV8pwnwv EPXEWl IlJ.lano~, nflElO~ OE rs VUKtO~ snnupei

Up 587

t~J.lO~ motrrml t' alVE~, xm OlVO~ npurtoc, J.laxfloww~ OE VuvalKE~, omuuporctm OE tot avopE~ ElOlV, enst KEcpaMv xm vouvntn fEIPIOf a~El, auaflEo~ OE te xptoc uno KauJ.lalO~· aflfla rot' ~Oll stn rtstpnln re OKl~ Kat B(8f1lVO~ OlVO~.

Op 609

Bouol Kat IlJ.llOVOlOlV ennetuvov, uuttip sneun

OJ.lWa~ avalJju~at iplfla vouvaw Kat BOE fluoal. Em' av 0' OPlWV Kat fEIPIOf E~ J,lEOOV Efl81l oupnvov, APKlOUPOV OE lOll pooooaKtuflo~ Hw~

W nEpOll, tors nnvtnr; anoopEnEV OlKaOE Borpuc.

Sc 397

npxetrn, W ts nooic xm BpWOl~ 8~flu~ EEPOll,

«m re navIlJ.lEplO~ te Kat nwo~ XEEl auo~v lOEl EV mvortrtm, ots te xpou fEIPIOf a~El, tnucc Oil KEVXPOlOl nEpl VflWXE~ tEflE80um

tOU~ te 8EPEl onetpouow, or' OJ.lcpaKE~ al6flflovtat

150

AVtUT/K KcpaJ.luoar;

DAMMASCIUS Phil WORK 007, 70.2

oux nov vstpov llaVnK~~ npovveceoc

on tnv fwBlV Alvumlol tnv 'ICHV E:lVaL BE:oiloVOUCHV,

Ol OE: 'EililIlVE:~ ere lOV fEIPION cvuvouor lOUlO

1O corpov, xm W~ xuvn lOV HIPION, ormoov lOU OPlWVO~ OVW KUVIlVE:lOUVlO~, OUl:W oLa~wvpacpouCH, Ilaililov OE: E:vl:E:WnWIlEVov rto oupuvro OE:lKVUOUCH.

Entcnc, OE:V E:lVaL illVOl uurot nou nvuqiepovrm 1lE: KW-

olKa KaL VLa tnv Al:ilaVlloa. 0 lluuouvtnc n.x. vpacpE:l W E:~~~:

Pausanias Perieg Wark 001, 1.33.5.3

NE:lilo~ eiot OE: KaL aililOl rrpooouco; MaupOl~ AlBlOnE:~ axpl Naaallwvwv nnprucovrsc, NaaaIlWVE:~ yap,

OU~ ATt\ANTAf Hp60olO~, Ol OE: uerpo cpallE:VOl vnc E:lMvaL t\l~lW~ KailouCH, t\lBuwv Ol eoxcror npoc I'hilavn OlKOUOl onelpovtsc IlE:V ouoev ...

Work 001, 1.33.5.5

OU~ I'hilavw~ Hp60olO~, Ol OE: uerpn mnuevor E:lMval t\l~lW~ KailouCH, t\lBuwv Ol eoxoror npoc ATt\ANTI OlKOUCH onslpovtsc IlE:V OUOEV, nrto OE: allnEilwv ~WVl:E:~ cvpuov, notuuoc OE: ouM routoic

rotc AlBlOLlJlV ouM rotc Nuocuromv eonv OUOE:l~ 1O yap.

151

ATAaVTir; - To MUUTIKO TWV MUaTKWV

------

Kala lOV 'OIlIlPOV:

Homerus Epic.

Od 1.52

vnoto E:V nuqnputn, OBl t' ollcpailo~ Eon Bailaooll~,

vriooc OE:vop~E:aa, BE:a 0' E:V oWllaw VOlE:l, ATt\ANTOf BuvatllP ortoompovoc, oc rs Bailaooll~ Tlaall~ BEVBE:a OlOE:V, EXE:l OE: re Klovaa~ uutnc llaKpa~, rn votnv ts xm oupcvov allcpl~ EXOUOl.

Od.7.245

route OE: tot E:PEW, 0 11' cvelpsrn 11M llE:wilila~. OvuVlll uc vriooc nnnrtpofisv E:lV ail( xeltnr

EvBa IlE:V' ATt\ANTOf BuVatllP, OOnDE:aa KailulJ.!w, ValE:l E:uniloKallo~, OE:LV~ BE:o~· ouM nc aut~ Ill0VE:Wl outs 8E:wV ours BVlltWV avBpwnwv.

H 184

KuilMvll~ IlE:OEOVW KaL ApKaolll~ noilull~ilou, aVVE:ilov39 aBavatwv E:PLOUVLOV ov tEKE: Mala ATt\ANTOf BuvatllP ~Io~ E:V cplilotlln uwstoo alOolrt llaKapwv OE: BE:wV ailEE:lVE:V ouutov nvtpro vmetnouou nufumdro EvBa Kpovlwv.

ME: KwolKa EvpalJ.!av npxstof E:K tWV aE:l nallllE:Vlatwv Eilil~vwv focpwv xm navE:matrtllovwv. El~ E:~ uurrov Kal 0

39 l1yyei1oC,': rvriOla eflfll")VlKri fI&~l~, I") onolo lil")floi 1:OV avveflloqJ6po 1:OV tnxubpouo, xm liev sxew oulielliav ClX&OlV us nveullallK6v ov, 6Tlw~ 1:0 TlapOUClUl~el I") «naflaul 6laSriKI")>>. E~ aflflou, eva nvsuuc liev &Xf:l avaVKI") ono qJlepa ....

152

AvtarfJ~ K£pal1uOa~

Meya~ Hoiooo~, 0 OTToio~ neyel Ola ulov aKOIlf) cpopa, Ott:

Hesiodus Epic. Th 509

KOUpf)V 0' 'aTTeto~ Kanrliocpupov OKeavivf)v

f)yayetO KilulleVf)v Kat 0IlOV ilexo~ ewaveBatvev,

f) oe or AT"ANTA KpOtepocppova vslvrrrn TTaioa,

rtrxs 0' UTTepKUOaVta Mevoinov f)M npOIlf)3ea, TTOIKinov atoilOIlf)nv, allaptivoov r' ETTlIlf)3ea ....

VTTev3ulli~w on Ol'Ennf)ve~ rnc «apxatotf)tO~» slxnv TTE-

VtaTTiiaOle~ YV(i:lGel~ aTT' 0, n exouv O~llepa or eTTWt~llove~ rev epyaOtf)piwv rnc NAfA, rnc 'aTTwvia~, rqc Pwoia~, rnc BPEtavia~ xm nov ailnwv 3eWpf)tIKW~ wxupwv xwpwv. To yeyovo~ auto oev to aTTeMxovtO or 0~3ev CPlileileu3epol eTTlOt~llove~ nov HnA Kat rnc EUPWTTf)~ llexpI rnv 10etia rou 1940. Orcv, Ollw~, avaKanucp3f)Kav KaTTOla "epyaneia" eVto~ rou EiliiaolKou xooou uno AlleplKavou~ Kat Eupwnctouc - ev ayvoia rou Eililf)VIKOU KpatOu~ -, tote avaYKao3f)Kav va Olloiloy~oouv TTW~ «Olacpopa oroixetn xm rexIl~Pla oeixvouv TTW~ oapxaio~ KOOIlO~40 sixs TTepWOOtEosc eTTWtf)llovIKe~ yvWOel~ aTT' ooe~ vOJ.li~ouJ.le», ileyel 0 f)J.lllla3~~ CHARLES BERLITZ OtO BIBilio rou « To J.JU(Jrtjplo tnt; Arilavriooe;)} [KelP. 1- oeit. 114J.

40 Apxaioc; ~6(j/1o~. OUliEie; EK ttov cruVVpaqlewv EPEuvrjtwv rnc Kat~crtI'lJlEVI'le; EPEuvae; liIEUKPIVi~EI on ona rn ETTltEUVJlata o~Elnov.tal Ele; roue ~pxaioue; 'EnnI'lVEe;, napa uovo neVE «0 upxaloe; KocrJlOe;», EVVOWvtae; taUtoxpovwe; Kal roue BaBunwvi,oue;, roue A1vumioue;, toue; EBpaioue; KOI roue A~teKoUe; JlE roue IVKae;.

ATAavTi~ - To MUOTIK6 TW_V _M_UO_TK_W_v __ 1_5_3

'OnOl curet UTTOOtf)Pl~OUV moe 01 npxuloi cuvvpometc cvomepouv vur ailne~ nrtetpouc, on unripxuv onouontec aOtpOVOJ.lIKe~ vvoceic, ailila ouosnote eypaijJav otn BlBnia tWV on 01 J.lOVaOIKoi nou uvnrpepovrm ornv unap~f) Kat annwv nnslprov xm one corpovouucec yvwoel~, elvm MONON 01 E""HNn: nou Kavouv aacp~ cvcqiopn, evw ouOel~ BaBunwvlO~, ~ Xanoalo~, ~ Alyunno~ OEV neel rtnors crroflunoc. f::Jev sxouus ours eva ovoun Xanoalou norpovoJ.l0U, ~ EBpalou, ~ Alyumlou, ~ BaBunwvlou K.nn.

'OnOl 01 ouvxpovoi ouvvpumetc - epeuvntsc onw~ 0 Pounepr K. r. Teurrf (0 ArNOfTm: HIPIOrJ, 0 onotoc OlOEI «peOltan» uvnmuoetcv, Ka3w~ ypacpel ere rnv aeilloa tOU cvenepou spvou tOU, 307, on 11 «acpPlKavlK~ cpun~» (11 Nt6- YKOV) eivtn ennI1VlK~~ Katavwy~~, cmou npoepxovrm an6 rov feiplo, ensue e~aKonou3ei va wxupi~etal nw~ 01 'Ennl1ve~ oev slvm aut6x30VE~, Kat on or Apvovcersc riocv AlVUTTtlOl xm MeaOnOtaJ.lIOl, anna 1:OU~ oIKelOnOI~BI1KaV 01 'Ennl1ve~.

o nvontoc Teunft, 6J.1w~, slvm ~011 EVf)J.lEPWJ.lf;VO~ an6 roue Nt6VKOV on ~nBav an6 tov feiplo rtpiv an6 xlnlaoE~ xpovur Kat EYKataataBI1KaV Otl1V Ennaoa, EnElo~ 01 'En~l1- vee elvm aoencpoi roue, nqiou nponvouvtm ana roue 101- ouc J.lEPlKf;~ xirustlec, erp' ocov 11 f;neua~ nov xnvstm otnv axnu tqc toroptcc, Ev rourorc 0 Pounspt Tsunf ~enEpVWVW~ OE BnaKeia aK6J.111 Kal tov Toupflc Mnf;pnlt~, to cvvoet 6na Kat urofietet nc KatOOKEUaaJ.lf;VE~ BEwpiE~ tWV f;J.lJ.lla3wv «epeuvnttovi tau f::JlE3vou~ E~oumaata~, onoic n.x. tOU LN. Kprruep a1:O BlBnio tOU «H iotooia opxt: (el otnv Eouuepia» lupxueor; ntrtoc npiv HIV avaBewPI1(Hl

154

tll~ EK66C)f;We;, OINAI<IllEr THr rOYMEP ,

NtaJlTIilvtalu t\VKOP Nea Y' IAr, 19561, EKOOCHe;

T. ,oPKll, 1959 rou n' li'

« ra uoouea ttu; Meytifl n " IltEP OJlTIKIVe;:

Poou, Nea YOPKIl, 1I0VOlV~C; 19~~a/1160C;», EKO. XapnEp xm uavtetas, EKO. Xatowaov II J;." tau X.O. napK: «Ennl]vIKti

B ' 1I0VulVO 1967 rou P'

11 c: «01 ennl]vIJ<of uoso« 2' ' ounsor rKpe-

1I0VOlVO 1969 .i.:": taJ101, EKO. PENGUIN BOOI<S

, , 0 onolOe; vpacpEI xw ' ,

on 11 EililllvlK~ MuBoiloVla ' PI~ xov lXVOe; EuBI~lae;

Vla nov ilaci>v tile; Avatail ' stvm KilEJ1J1EVIl «no rnv J1uBoilo-

M Ile; xm tile; Alvumo 0'

nat~: dEPOviluCPIKO ilE~ ii' , u, tau uwilille;

oncn rou BIBiI(ou rov VEIK O~lO ano t~v 8IlBai'K~ avaBEci>-

eV' pwv», 1I0VOlVO 1911 '

palJlE on 11 ile~1l «HPOr 0' ' , 0 onolOe;

nnaK~, orro rnv ile!:n XEP» rEV EIVal EililIlVIK~, ailila mvu-

'Oil '1 ... ·1 « » «(JenfC; 273).

01 01 avwtepw «EPEUV t ' ,

nora un~p~E 11 BEa AQ ' ~ all) I(JXUPI~OVtal noic OUOe-

ullva, OIOtl npoKE "

tile; Alvumou onwe; E ' urn Via J1la BEOtllta

rrnoc nou ElX~ Kat J1Ea:~:Il~ 0 A~Oililwv rirrrv Evae; AIVuta~lOla rou npoe; nc Xci>PE t~J110 ouro, ~ilila os eva cno ro AfYUTlror> f/ LupI'a I e; Ile; MEaoVElOU {E.E. anlj8ela I]

'" , ro (Jpaljn /1 ' B' '

8tina(J(Ja' MIjTlwr> I] M' I]TlWC; PI(JKovrav oe tinnl]v

, r .. e(JoyelOc; eupf(JKet

Il~BE xm ornv EililaOa ailila r ,0 otnv. .... laTlwvfa;l

eVIVE 8EOe;. ' ov BaVatwaE J1la eXIOva ... Kal

A acpail ci>e;, 11 BiiaKEia rtov '

OPIa, olon: npoavacpEpBEVtwv OEV eXEI

aJ ilIa va BEWPIlBEl we; ~pw ev '

KilaaalK~ Enox~ om iI e; ae; avBpwnoe; noiv rnv

Ti' ' 'tiEl E va Olanpa~EI 'J;.

OtE uovov rov BEWpouaav _ " napauo~a epva.

BJ 0 J1Eta Bavatav - we; 8EO

I npoavacpEpBevtEe; «E' .

lJloe; Anoililwv OEV ' , PEUVlltal» ilevE on 0 J1EilaJ1-

EKaJ1E nnOtE Irors '

rov BEonOI~aouv 01 'EiIiI l' nOIOe; 0 ilovoe; vn

IlVEe;; .

ATAaVTi~ - To MUUTlK6 TWV MUUTKWV 155

Y) lIevE on 11 ne~le; «AnOt\t\ON» arU.talvEI nlBoe;. t\aBoe;! ilion to «t\ON» Ol'JnOl «0 EmBnenwv».

0) H nE~Ie; H-P-O-L onualvsi: Hru (H) = omn~ EilEUUl~ tOU Pw (P) = PEEl npoc to OJ1Eya ~ 00 = uuovrov. LlYJ1a (L) = to onolov suptoxetm ere rnv KaBEtOV + (= L), Ol')nao~ KatW ana rov LElplO!

E) 0 ypacpwv Bn anooExBEl coc YEYOVO~ on 01 'EnnllvE~ tll~ cpxmomroc rrripuv 6ila ooo ouvsflnouv one annE~ xci>PE~, apKEl 01 npoavacpEpBEVtE~ ouvvpumstc, ornoc Kal onOl 01 auyypacpEl~ rrupouotuoouv evnv - ecrto evnv - Alvurmo, ~ BaBunci>vlO, ~ LOUJ1EPIO, ~ EBpalO, ~ orrorovonrrore nvntodltn rromtn, onw~ rov 'OJ1IlPO, tOV HalOOO, ~ evnv latOplKo, ornoc tOV 80uKUOlOll, ~ svcv KannltExvll onw~ tov AnEnn~ Kat tOV E~IlKla, ~ svcv norpovouo orroic rov MErove, ~ evnv ernorriuovn omoc tOV ApLUtOtEnl').

Eav nomov, unc ncpouomcouv eorro xm evnv, tors EIlEl~ 01 ortoloi ellleSa OPKLUIlEVOl LTD Et\t\ANION KEt\EVMA, Sa cutoxrovrieouuel

Yrtapxouv opiouevc EKnnllKnKa rtpnvuntn, nou, orcv e~etaatOuv rrpocexnxn aE ouvouuouc IlE annoue; ncpcvoVtE~, unopouv va BOIlS~aouv nonu otnv olaneuKavall tau uuornptou tOU Et\t\ANIOV KEt\EVLMATOL, vur to onoto oev ouvallat rtpoc to ncpov va elmo neprooorep«. Dotooo, Sa npoaSEaw Kan to onoto ouoenote eSewp~SI') w~ uuorriPlOV: Orcv 01 o~Sev noftmouevot Eupconnlor avaKanulJlav Ta~ KavaplOu~ N~aoue; rov 140 cuovu, Ol KatOlKOl, ll6ill~ xmuqrepuv va ernxotvtovncouv us tOU~ lonuvouc. E~Ecppaocv tnv EKnnl')~~ roue vur to YEyovoe; on urrripxnv Kat annOl avSpwnOl ~WVtaVOl, acpou enlorsunv moe OnOKnl')PI'J I')

156

AvtarrK K£pal1uoa~

av8pwno'U1W KmaOl:paqlrlKE:, E:KtO~ ana ~E:plKa Bouvn, W onolo riouv rtopu Il nmptdu roue, olon elxnv ~E:(VE:l nnvto ana tnv emrpcvsiu tOU vspou, llspnv oi'lwv uutrov, Ol vnouorsc EKE:(VOl nou riouv i'lE:UKO(, OLatllPOuuav rov EAAHNIKO nOAITlfMO. Ai'li'la, Ol e~~LU80l ouvvpnmelc evpnurcv ore xuturttuotu BlBi'l(a novon «OLatllPOuuav eva nnpa~E:vo ~(y~a noftmouevnc «qnvetonc» Kat i'l(8lVIl~ BapBaPOtIlW~». Kat' upxriv, OE:V yvwp(~w tnv eruuortovlu rnc i'le~E:W~ «qnveroc», olon OE:V slvm E:i'li'lIlVlK~ i'le~1l ai'li'la BapBaplK~. Eav, o~w~, onpulvei xrrn to KO~LlJO, tors E:ui'loya vevvctm to epotnuu: nw~ DUvawl va OlatrlPouv Ol xntmKOl tWV Kavap(wv N~uwv eva napa~E:vo ~(y~a noftmouevnc «qnverocc» Kat KO~LlJ~~, ouvxpovnc ~E: til i'l(8lVIl BapBnpotntu; llpoxeum - rlomov - Yla ulo uxoun uouvnprnotn tOU Tuapn~ Mnepnlt~ oro BlBnlo tOU «To MU(JrrjplO tnc Arilavriooc::» (oeit«; 237).

llpw KnE:(UoU~E: auto to KE:cpanatO, 8a rtpertst va avamepouue eva i'lunllPo YEYOVO~ ~E KanOlou~ 'Eni'lllvE~ ouvvpnqietc Ol onotoi unorlfletm on elvm EnnIlVOKE:vtPlKOl xm vpnmouv ap8pa ce nEpLOolKa ~E: Beunru .... Ennllvouu(a~.

Ol ouvvpumelc curet unootnokouv nroc ooor coxortouVWl ~E: rnv fElpLOnoYla, OEV npcotpepouv rlnore anonunoc. AevE: enionc, moe ooor LUXUPl~OVtat on Il EnnllvlK~ Q>un~ npospxerm ana tOV fElPLO Kat tnv Avopo~eoa, OE:V sxouv oxeon ~E rnv LUtOPlK~ an~8E:La.

Touc crmvro to E~~~: OUOEl~ E~ nuuov DUVatat va OLaLlJE:UuE:l svcv 'O~IlPO, eva HulOOO, evnv nnatwva, evov APlororerin Kat rooouc annou<; EK tWV aEl na~~EYlutWV Enn~vwv llnvemctnuovrov. OUOEl~ E~ ourrov E~~YlluE roue no-

157

ATAavTi~ - To MuaTIKO TWV MUaTKWV

------

vouc tile; - Ka8ap~~ - o.OnOcpOVla~ tOU 8E?OWPOU A~lWt~, uuyypacpewe; tnc «ApyovauflKrjc:: EK(JrparetaC::» Kat tOU «lll-

(JKOU tnt; QJalUroU».

nOLOe;, rtomov, E:lVaL sic 8emv va olaLlJE:UuEl to spvov tOU AplutOtenoue; «To oovavov»; 'H ~~nw~ unopel va olaLlJEuuEl svuv 'O~IlPO; n EVVOEl ° 8ELOCPopoe;, 'O~IlPO~ utll,V «OOU(J(JEta» otnv neYEl Yla nc fElp~VEe;; Ti nocv Ol fElPIlVEe;; nOLO~ sivm 0 KWOlKa~ oro onusto auto. rtou xpncuionoiet 0 'O~llpOe;; M~nw~, nomov, to aotplKo otoun tOU Oouuoeroc n~YE orouc KatOlKn~evou~ nnav~tE<; tOU fElPLOU, onou EKEl Ol OupavlOl E4JIAON tOU nporswnv va ~ElVEl KOvta tOU~, anna 0 OouuaEue; apv~8nKE, Olon enpEnE V? ~~oei to unoitomo tile; <w~e; tOU ere to r~lVOV E4JIAON; (onwe; owuta ovo~a~EtaL 0 nnav~trle; Inl,

nOLOe; ElVaL OE 8eoll va anaVt~OEl a' cure to EPWt~untn: nOLOe; etvm os 8eun va OLaLlJEUOE:l tOU~ n~ANTEf TOV nNEVMATOf, oruoc 0 'O~llpOe;, 0 HUlOOOe;, 0 ni'latwv, ° APlatotei'llle; Kat tOOOl annOl 'EnnIlVEe;;

fuvEnw~, 0 av8pwnoe; E:KElVOe; ocnc autonapouma<E: tm we; Ei'lnllvoKEVtplKoe;, anna KawnonE~a tnv ~UOtlK~ ootptn (KwolKonOlIl~eva KEl~Eva tWV Enn~vwv), xm upvsr tal to YEyovoe; on 11 EnnllvlK~ Q>un~ npo~n8E ana to 1\utpa, tots CPli'lOl uou AvayvwatE~ Kat AvayvwatplEe;, va El08E SeBatOl on Ol covnrsc me npay~anK~~ an~8Elae; stvm npaKtOpEe; tOU l\lEBvoue; E~oumaotOu!

l\lon:

Meaa OtOV xwpo tWV EnflnvOKEvtPlKWV (= EnnllvOtpO-

movl sxouv ELUBanEl Kanolol nou npoortoiouvttn roue «CP?vrrnxouc» apxmoE:flflnvonatpE<;, Ol onotoi XPIl(jl~OnOlOUV

158

AVtUT/K Kf:papuocJ(;

l6lWllanOIlOU~ UI~ aHlK~~ 6taileKtOu, vptrrpouv 8l8i1(a IlE 6~8EV 8ellata EililrJVouo(a~, ap8povpacpouv oro EililllvOKEVtplKa TTEplO6lKa, ailila 6uotuxw~ vro roue illVOOtOU~ avaVVWOtE~ nov, 0 EililllvOKEVtPlO1l6~ XPIlOtlloTTOlE(tal aTT6 rn VilOlW61l crouc w~ TTpoKailulllla vrn rnv ETT(tEU~1l aililotPlWV oroxov, npooTTa80uv crrsvvcoouevn va TTp08aililouv 6ta ueoou rnc TplOev60~1l~ Eilila60~, tnv El~ roue Alwva~ TIMHMENH, roue TTPOOWTTlKOU~ OKOTTOU~ tWV. ~llila6~, va E~UTTIlPEt~OOUV tu acpEvnKa roue aTT6 rnv EOTTEp(a. Ilpoxeum vro eva KaUtO 8ella to OTTO(O IlE 8aoav(~El CPPlKta! Ol KatpoOKOTTlOIlO( curoiv ETTl8pa6uvouv rnv nopeln Illlwv, ailila Ol UTTouilE~ Kat 8pOlllKE~ TTpa~El~ nov Bn aTTooacpllvloronv iIlav ouvrouoc, xm 11 oUVVVWll1l uurtov ~EN 8a lOXUEl!

EIlE(~, or CJlpoupo( tou Xpsouc, noonuouue to u6wp rnc TTIlV~~ rou EililllvlOIlOU xm OXl to EIlCPlailwllevo TTOU 8eilouv va Ila~ 6woouv nurol.

O~ TTPO~ rnv neotnrecn, 0 6laollll0~ ouvvpacpEu~ Pov Xoililavt OtO epvo rou « Talk and WOW» [Miila Kat nitoouoe), ileVEl ~a E~~~ Vla tnv Apxa(a Eilila6a. ATT06ElKVUEl on EKarouuurnu av8pWTTol ava~lltOUv aTTaVt~oEl~, ail~8ElE~ «m ilUOEl~ OE TTp08i1~llata, a' curov rov ouvrouo IlEta8aililoIlEVO KOOIlO. 'ElJja~a tn mivru, ileVEl 0 Xoililavt, aTTo APl8- Iloilov(a xm Aotpoilov(a eroc to Tapw Kat to lEV, aTTO nc AvatoillKe~ cpliloooCP(E~, rov Iv60ulOllO, rov Bou6l01l0 ueXPl Kat tov 8l8Enavo Bouoiouo. AvaKailulJja - OIlW~ - 6n 6ila auta 6EV rirov t(TTOtE anilo TTapa OKOTTlIlIl TTapaTTnavnon, ~EV oonvouv nouesvc xrn nutol TTOU rc 6la6(60uv to vvwp(~ouv TTonu Kana.

ATAavTi~ - To MUUTIKO TWV MUUTKWV

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159

To ta~(6l 1l0U OIlW~ OtOV AVaToillKO MuonKlOIlO IlE 06~VIlOE ornv TTEp(EPVIl cpuil~ tWV Kaila~. 'EIla8a TToilna Vla roue VV~OtOU~ aTTOVOVOU~ rou MEvailou AnE~av6pou Kat etrn cvertctoflntu nepuon orov 6laUV~ K601l0 rnc upxutnc EililIlVlK~~ OKelJjEW~ xm CJllilooocp(a~. ftllv aVa~~tIlO~ 1l0U, aKOUOa ornv apx~ KaTTOlOU~ coorpetc UTTatVlVIlOU~ Vla tnv TTpaVllanK~ VVWOIl TTOU xntexouv curol TTOU Ku8EPVOUV tov K601l0. KaTTOla OnVIl~, OIlW~, 11 ail~8Eta aTTOKailucp81lKE. ftO "ov6(vo ailila xm one IlEvailE~ TToilEl~ rnc EUPWTTIl~ Kat rnc AIlEPlK~~ urmpxouv KilElOte~ 01la6E~ rtnvioxuptov av8pwTTwV TTOU IlE IlEvailll uuonxornto lla8a(vouv rnv apxntn EililllvlK~ vilwooa, rnv orrotn llaillOW ouutouv Kaata nc OUVKEvtPWOEl~ roue, llprrrrouv Kat' nurov rov tp6TTOV, ETTEl6~ 11 601l~ tnc vilwooa~ uurric, 61lila6~ 11 vpallllanK~ rnc, to OUVtaKtlKO xm 11 eruuortovln tll~ elvm lKave~ va uerarpeurouv evnv lletplO vou OE l6locpufa.

Ol 01la6E~ curse exouv ow xsprn roue vv~Otou~ npxnlOU~ EnilllvlKoU~ nonuoouc IlE 8ellaw TTOU 11 av8pwTTOtll~ nvvost ncvrefuoc. Apv6tEpa, ella8a TTW~ 11 TTEP(CPIlIlIl nrrrcilEla tOU ouvonou rnc E""HNIKHf rPAMMATEIAf Kata rnv xctuorpoqm tnc Bl8i1l08~KIl~ tll~ AilE~av6pE(a~, riruv eva IlEvailo lJjella!! Ta 8l8i1la nutti 6latllP~8llKav usee uno nc IlUOnKe~ snnpstsc TTOU IlE IlEvailo KlV6uvo ecpEpav W~ nc uepsc Ila~ tov nrtouro auto me EilnllvlK~~ rVWOEW~. Eroi, onuepu, curet TTOU Ku8EPVOUV tOV KOOIlO Illilouv xm 6la8a~ouv tnv cpxutn EnilllvlK~ vilwooa (OXl tnv veo EililIlVlK~ TTOU 6EV elvm TTapa uur TTapaKlllaK~ 1l0PCP~ tll~ cpxutac].

Eav ava~lltatE, nom6v, Kl EOEl~ tnv eumuto Kat tnv vvwall lla8EtE cpxnln EnnllvlKa. ~laBaotE npxniouc 'EnnllvE~

160

Avturf]C; KE:paJ.luoac;

cuvvputpelc, apxaia EnnllvlK~ TpaywBia, 'OJ.lIlPo, Hotooo, OpCPlKOUe; 'Yj.lVOUe;. fE 6nEe; nc nocneuouosc Tile; EupWnlle; unupxouv oxofteto apxaiwv EnnllvlKwv' aVa~IlT~crTE tao ElVat noftu mSav6v, cvnueoo otouc j.laSIlTae; TWV va 8PEiTE xnrrorouc nou KpaTOUv oru xspur TOUe; TO j.lennov TOU K6- ouou.

Pov X6nnavT.

[UJ1TTilfJPWJ1artKr] onueioiou;

Ilptv BlllYIlSw 6no TO epvo TOU Ilftrrtcovoc, «Kplr{ac;», Sa anoKanutJ.Iw vur nporn cpopa TO j.lucrnK6 nou rrrips j.la~i TOU o ceuivnoroc ll~j.lapxOe; ASllvaiwv AVTWVLOe; Tptronc,

Orov 0 avSpwnoe; aUT6e; rirnv ll~j.lapxOe; ASllvaiwv, uin oj.laBa nou KaTEixE rn mo onucvnxn j.lucrnKa TOU nftnvruou unc, EnEcrKecpSIl TOV Totton, Enp6KElTO vur eva Tj.l~j.la Tile; E4JIt\ON41, TO onolo ovouccstm «nArKOfMlOf Et\EV8EPIA». H oj.lae; aUT~ SenllcrE va uurioei aK6j.l1l rtepiooorepo TO j.lenoe; rnc, us unoreftsouc va BEi~El rnv Kan~ Tile; Senllcrll crTOV ncoinv unoupy6 TOU nAfOK Kat ueterrerrn ll~j.lapxo. Tou slrrnv nwe; nperrei va TOnoSETIlSEi vro niYEe; WpEe; eva

41 H ,OJ..lac: 'EttJlflo~ (= E) TlpOOTl~PXE nrro rnv cpxmotnro. fUVKEKPlJ..IEVWC:" 01 npcotor TlOU elipaoav nocv KaflilttexvEC: (~wvpaqlOl xm vflurnec:). El(~ EE cutov nrov KaTlOloc: rflauKoc:. ApVOtEpa (6oc: n.X, at), rov lilEMx31') 0 EEI')Kiac:, epva IOU onotou euotoxovrm oro Brmxcvo, uouoeto IOU Beportlvou xm aflflou. ftl')v ETlOx~ to~ Ql,lfliTlTloU IOU 8' EloeBaflav otocncmsot, pritopec Kat nointec, omoc 0 IOOKpatl')C:. Mefloe: rov 'EljJlflov nrcv Kat 0 Mevae: A~eEavlipoc:, 0 onotoc we: BaOlflEue: nov EflfI~vwv lilatefleOE EOtW Kat turnxn npxiepeuc. ETliOI')e:, apxl')Voc: nov E4JII\ON Kat apXlEpEUe: TOU ~wliEKa3eou UTl~PEE xm 0 AUTOKpatWp lou-

fllavoe:! .

Ar}.avric; - To MuurlK6 rwv MuurKwv

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161

yUtJ.IlVO ayanj.la Tile; nannaBoe; ASIlvae;, ornoc rrtuv TO npayurrnso ayanj.la ornv Apxaia srtoxri, llllnaB~, ue TO iBlO uuroc xm nc iBlEe; olacrTacrEle;. ME anna n6YIa, Sa vworov eva netpcun oro onoto Sa nupsuploxovto uovov ro j.lenll Tile; «nArKOfMIAf Et\EV8EPIAb, ooc cpumKa euptoxovro ornv n6nll TWV ASIlvwv, j.la~i ue TOV Totton, Kat xcvsvnv annov.

Otcv 0 AVTWVLOe; Ipltonc TOUe; prornos YlaTl rtpertet va yiVEl j.lucrnKa aUT6 TO nstpuuu, Ol E4JIt\ON (= E) TOU elrruv moe Sa elvrn KaSap~ repoourtlo va TO lBouv xrmoun uuunTOt. lll6n 11 ASllva ~TO uin eKcppame; TOU Znvoc - lll6e;, anna Kat Eva unnpxro ayv6 nvsuun, nou j.lEplKee; qiopec nutpver unlK~ j.lOpcp~. fuvEnWe;, slvm ulo ~WVtaV~ oVT6TIlta Kat rropouourcetm 6noTE SenEl uovo crE EvapETOUe; avSpwnoue;. Tou eirtnv snlonc noic 11 Ennae; slvm 0 cvnxcromprouuc Tile; Oupcviuc Ennaooe; nou Bploxettn oe svnv nnav~TIl TOU fEiPlOU, Kat 6n OEV BlanexSIlKE.TUxaia, npw an6 xlnlaBEe; xpovur, an6 TOUe; 8EOUe;. 0 oetuvnoroc Tpltonc TOUe; PWrnoe, nwe; unopouv va TO anoBEi~ouv aUT6. Ol 'EtJ.Ilnov TOU slrtuv neic us tn Katannllna unxuvnumu Sa crunna80uv (Sa evtontcouvl nc aKTlVEe; TOU riya Hiuou Eelpiou. Kat elvat an~SEla!... To rtptol, Ol nponsc aKTlVEe; TOU fEiPlOU eneoov srtnvto crt 11 v atXj.l~ TOU 06paTOe; Tile; SEae; ASllvae;!!!

llla TOUTO npoKanw TOUe; cpvnrnc Kat tJ.IEuoo-BwBEKaSE'(crTa~, 6nwe; ernonc xm TOUe; «noxmosfutnvofturpeic», TOUe; B~SEV EmSUj.lOUVTEe; tnv EnavaEnnllvoyevvllcrll, aUTOUe; B,,naB~ nou OEV cnoosxovrm TO YEyov6e; 6n 11 EnnllvlK~ Q>un~ ~nSE an6 tu nctpn, va us BlatJ.IEucrouV. Mnopouv annwcrTE va OOKlj.lacrouv ...

162 AvtarfJr; KepaJlu{){]r;

Ooov acpopo - rtopn - m:ov Totton, oucrtUX<I:)(;, IlE ne; OlacrUVOE:GE:te; nou ElXE IlE ro QUO IlEVOila KOllilata Iuno to EVa IlEtan~ollcrE oro oililo, vur va EilEYXEl KonOlOUe;), olEnpa~E to E~~e; iloBoe;: EllmcrtEuBIlKE os xnrrorouc IO IlEyoilo IlUcrnKo nou EKIlUOtllPEUBIlKE 11 Baalillcraa ABIlVO tile; 101le; xiillEtlae; n.X. orouc rspetc tile; Oupnvurc ABllvOe;, Eva IlUonxo nou IO xpntontmv EmacrCPPOVLGIO ono YEVlO oe YEVlO EKElVOl nou nonv OPKLGIlEVOl aIO EAAANION KEAEVrMA. TOtE, Ol ovBpwnOl EKElVOl tWV QUO IlEyoilwv noilmKwv xouuanov elnav ern acpEvnKO roue tile; AIlEplK~e; on 0 TPlwile; KatEXEl rn KilElOlO tile; rVWaEWe;. Ol npcxtopec tWV E~OU(jlaatWv nilllalaaav tOV Totton Kat tOU unoaxEBIlKav moe os neplrrnoon nou roue anoKailu4JEl tn lluanKo tWV uuonxov Ba IOV KOVOUV rtproflurtoupvo tile; Eililoooe;. 0 TPlWile; apv~BIlKE KatllyoPllllanKo, Kat Ol E~OU(jlaatal IlE KOnome; cxrtvec tOU onmcnv IOV EYKEcpailo, IlE unorsftsouc va nEBovEl ueou oe illYEe; IlIlEpEe;!

QlU(jlKO, nvvoouv Ol E~OU(jlaatal noc Ol aKtlVEe; IOU rElPlOU, elvm rprcsxutouuuptu tproexctouuuphov, OnOtE os nepirrrtocn nou anwilEcrBEl uto evoupxtouevn cxttvu, 0 EililIlVLGIlOe; OEV otuuut« va Baol~El npoc tnv vontnv KOpucp~ IOU cerouctoc IOU OUPOVlOU napBEVWVOe;!!!

KE<I>AAAIO Il'

TA /\ASH THI IEPAr EMHNIKHI <i>YAHI

«0 oVTlonl.J1T10IJ0<; OEV O<!>ElAOTOV ornv 8pnKEUTlKn OIO<!>oponolnon, oAM OTO IJIOO<; TO Ej.JTIVEOj.JEVO ana TOV IouoalKo NOlJo VIO Ko8E IJn EBpalo».

B(AxEAJ1 Map, EBpalKn<; KOTaywyn<; ( nnyn anlJ. anIJOnOuAo<;:

« H Karaywyri TWV EAArivWV», EKO. « EAEUeEpn IKEI/Ju;»

01 EMMII901 ATAANTOAOrOI

O I OlacpOpOl anlBaVOl «spsuvnrul» unoornptzouv ue «isp6» muvcnouo on OTI')V erroxri TOU Xououpuunl, (1750 n.X.J slxnv y(vel rrupurqpnoerc aTI')V ACPPOO(TI') xm nspt TO 1500 n.X., slxcv KaTaYPcllpel rtpcnusc ncpmnoriosu; nepl TI')~ enlKoeloou~ cvofiou TWV annavwv uoreptov, Kat on an6 TOV nftouro aUTWV TWV ~aBI')~anKWV Kat aOTpOVO~IKWV vvrooerov TWV BaBunwv(wv, 01 'Ennl')ve~ E~aBav tn BeuenlWOI') TWV emaTI')~WV aUTWV.

AUTa UnOOTl')p(~OUV 01 E~~l()BOl ouvvocmetc Kat 01')~0- crovoumoi TWV E~oumaaTWV ueoro TWV coretov BlBillwv TOU~ Kat nc ertsvxouevsc ecpl')~ep(oe~, anna Kat TWV Tl')neormxov Olaunwv, on o~Bev 01 noorsc aaTpOVO~IKE~ nopurnprioeic EYlvav an6 TOU~ BaBunwv(ou~, TOU~ Xanoa(OU~, TOU~ Alyum(ou~ Kat TOU~ EBpa(ou~, (evw osv unapxst OUTe otoixeucfinc EvOel~I~).

Euvsrtoic, ~uplaoe~ Euptormtrov, A~eplKavwv, lnmovs~wv, Ivowv aMa~euTwv tefiouv sv nvnuovri Ola TI')V avaKanU!lJlV TOU ovoucroc - eono Kat - evoc BaBunwv(ou, ~ EBpa(ou, ~ Eouueplou, ~ orrorouorinore AmaTI') notpovouou, ~I')XaVlKOu, apxlTEKTOVO~, KannlTExvoU, cplnoa6cpou K.O.K. <Ppovw on Bn cvuuevouv em prrruiro.

BeBa(w~, slvtn vvooro nnEov, on 01 Nso - ATnavTe~ EXOUV otnv KaTOx~ TWV uovov norrupouc TWV Aei na~~eyi-

166

AviaTlK KF:papuoac;

~nov EAAHNON rO~Wv, aflfla tOU~ nrmupouc aUlOU~ lOU~ 8X~UV otnv ~atoxl'J lOU~ Kat Ol npovovoi nov 0l'JlllOUPVWV. OnOt8 VVWPl~OUV noflu Kafla Ol OUVXPOVOl E~oumaOtB~ on an6, tl'J~ ertoxri lOU ZUVou (14.000 rt.X, 118· 12.000 n.X.) I'J O~OLa I'Jta,V I'J ermvcrpopu rnc EflflI'JVlK~~ rcoppomuc, xu- 3w~ V8vvI'J3I'JK8 0 1l8vaflo~ tetcproc norunouoc tWV Eflfl~vwv Ka,l 1l8t8CP~p3I'JK~ nafll OtI'JV AOla 8V OfllVOl~ xm Otl'JV Atfl~vtlOa, anfla uero lOU~ flav3aollBvou~ X8lPLOilOUc; nov Ennl'Jvwv tl'J~ npOI'JVIlBVI'J~ rexvonovtac nov, I'J vriooc lOU nlOXOU~ K~t80tpaCPI'J. Kat rots, 6fla rn I'JCPalOt8la tOU rrftnvrilOU 8KtO~8uoav tn nveuuutn tnc ouurpopdr; Hruv rots I'J 8no~~ rnc nap,3BvoU (12.000 n.X. 118 10.000 rr.X], ol'Jnao~ I'J KanUt8~1'J neplofioc tnc A3I'Jva'lK~~ xupuroxluc, Ka3w~ 0 nOO~lOWV 11' ~ Kata aflflou~ 0 n008l0WV E', OUVV8V~~ tnc 8~mflLOoa~ ~3I'Jva~ tl'J~ 11', 8opatw3I'JK8 W~ evnc aK61l1'J KUpLaPXO~ anna Kat 8U8PVEtl'J~ rnc Atflavtloo~.

Ka3~n nou vvwPl~ouv Ol ttopwol 8~oumaOtE~, to vvcopl~o~v xnpic ,OtI'JV Eflnl'JvlK~ rpallllat81a, 8CP' 600v Ol flaol rnc Ama~ 08V nmnccv ours Eva vpurrto IlV1'J1l810.

,On6KflI'JPo~ 0, Eflnl'JvLOll6~ tl'J~ 11I'J~ xuuettuc rr.X, ornoc 8~LOI'J~ Kat Ol XWp8~ nou exnofttnonv, sixnv rcceic rrsptoO~t8PO npo,~ nveuuunxec, napa rrpoc uc oapKlKE~ Kal UfllK8~ arroduuosrc nou 8m~l'JlOUOaV Ol rnflaVt8~.

H uorputu enoxn nrcv lOU ABOVlO~ (10.000 n.X. 118 8.000 n.x.l, 8n8l0~ 0 KatanOVn01l6~ tl'J~ allaptWn~~ vnoou rituv I'J ~ma va xuruotouqiouv 6fla rn napaflLa tl'J~ l1unK~~ Eupoirrnc, tnc K8vtplK~~ AvatofllK~~ AIl8PlK~~, ornoc errtonc va, aflflOlw381 cnunvnxn Kat Ka38 xeopu tl'J~ Bop810u M800- V8l0U, lOLalt8pa Ol cxrec me Eflflaoa~!

167

ArAavric; - To MUaTIK6 rwv MUaTKWV

------

TO nPDTO oI'JIlaVnK6 na30~ tWV Enn~vwv ~lO 8K81VO tnc 281'J~-261'Je; xlnl8tl'JPlOOe;, otuv 8~ mttnc tOU Kp6vou BVlvav one; anOlKl8e; tWV Ol 8m1l8l~l8e; 118 ucupouc, KitplVoUe;

Knn.

lIaBoc; 2ov: H 81lmolOOuvI'J nou B08l~av otouc ~tnavt8e;.

lIaBoc; 30v:'OtaV 08V 8LOaKoua3I'JKav Ol 8vtoMe; nov Oupaviwv E4JIAON an6 tn tpln t8paotla KoallooKacpl'J va unv 8LOBannouv svroc tnc Atflavtiooe;. Ornv Ol an6vovOl tOU I1l6e; 08V unon6VLOav awata otnv xp~ofJ tWV un8p6nnwv, 8CP' ooov Ol OupavlOl aB8ncpoi tWV etxnv pi~8l ~BI'J nc aKti-

V8e; me Kataatpocp~e; omv j.18vanfJ vnoo,

lIaBoc; 4ov: H fJj.1lt8n~e; anoolOn~ tl'Je; ApVovaunK~e; EKatpat8iae;. I1l6n B8V un~px8 nnrlPfJe; aUV8vv6fJaI'J tnv t8- n8utaia anvj.1~, otcv napBnaBav Kata to ~j.1laU to xpuo6- j.1aflflo BBpae; (cpwlOMoj.1fJ tOU nnaoj.1alOe; HIe; unlle;). 88- Baiwe;, BVlvav nonnBe; ApVovaunKBe; EKatpat8i8e;! Ol npwtee npaVj.1alOnOl~3IlKaV j.18 mtaj.18vO 6xllj.1a! r~j.18pOV, 11 noern mtaj.18vll Apvw BpiaK8tal Kanou 8K8i xovrc otnv noao, Anna B8V np6K8ltal va tllV avaKafluLVouv Ol E~ou-

ciuotec. N80-~tnavt8e;.

lIaBoc; 50v: H Bonocpovia lOU HpaKnBoUe; lOU ()' ~ 811-'

Baiou. Euwxwe;, Ol 880i tOV nnocv j.1a~i roue orov oupav6 ... np6K8ltat VLa tnv npwtll avanllLVIl svoc 1lj.1i380U!

lIaBoc; 6ov: 18poauflia. Kata tnv wpa nou vLV6tav 11 an wall tile; Tpoiae;, 0 OBuaa8Ue; laonBBwa8 roue Ennllvl«ouc vcouc tWV n8naavwv - Tpwwv, 8VW Bu unooouos va VKp8j.1ia8l roue vnouc tWV Kpumo - atflavtwV, Kat 6Xl tWV 0j.1oE3vwv roue, ECP' ooov 'EnnfJVEe; Kat Iptosc aV~Kav omv

168

A viarf/r; KEpa/1uoar;

i6ta CPUil~42.

,lJa8oc; 7ov: 0 nEilonovv'lmaKo noil '

vaIDI ern napa6Eiy"at s; , ~ EJ..!O~. l110tt 01 A8'l-

t" I uEV EnEtpEnav oe ' 8

oe evav Kopiv810 va na ' svav Eaaailo, ~

vaiou nOilit'l, EV tOlhOt;~~:~ 6~:~IWJ.la rou ~OJ.lIJ.lOU A8'lilaxPlvou~ J.lE nc yaJ.ltJle Ut '1 ~~ un'lKoOu~ roiv J.lEAutoi 01 rEcpupaiol drnv ~~8 E~, ;no rnv Mea'l AvatOiI~. noilitE~ rev E6w ~Oil IEPW 'lKav J.lE rrr xpovla roc

, EWV Kal napiatavav '

EiliI'lVE~, eBaiiav 6IaBail..' roue yV'lmou~

, uorc eiote va yiVEI 0 n iI

maKo~ nOilEJ.lO~' i'\iIiI E onovv'l-

, . WatE, xm 0 nOilEJ.lOf' rn t' ,

6aKtUilo~ nov rEcpupaiw' ... ..~ pOla~ nrcv

EiliI'lvonEpmKoi nOilE v, onw~ aVaJ.lCPlCJB~t'lta Kat Ot J.l01.

lJa8oC; Bov: 0 6twyJ.lo~ nov A ' ,

rnc rou nVEUJ.lato~ rirov 6 Pt~twv. OU6EI~ AptatoKpa-

npa~'l rirov 0 8avato~ rou 2J.10K~at'l~. ~ rno anotponala acp~J.I'la'l rou 8EJ.llatoKileou~ :~:.atOu~, onw~ Enia'l~ '1 6u-

lJa8oC; 90v: H EnmoilalOt'lta rev EiIiI '

nou 6EV npoana8'laav vti ne! 'lVIKWV noilEWV

M a nElCJOUV roue 8'lBa'

'l6iaouv. l110tt ern 8' Ba' , tou~ va J..!'lV

va43J J.lEPIKOi npaK '1 un'lpxav (orrw~ Kat ornv A8~-

tOPE~ rev PaBBivwv no '

tOu~ cpaVattKou~ 'EiIiI " u npoanolOUVtav

'lVE~. Autol 01 unouilol npaKtoPE~

42 0 aEiIlVI'JOTO<; 8E66wpo<; A(lCiH '

onaVta KEillEva, 6nou IlEPIKa ~<; EIXE OTI'JV Karox~ IOU noititci Kara!puylO apKEroi Xait6a' av !pEpav nw<; OTI'JV Tpoia Bp~Kav

6, 101 01 onotor Kat'

laow3EVtE<; AtitaVtEI' 0 AC ' , ayovrav an6 roue

vo ..... .,IWtl'J<; ava!pEpEI YI' ,

<; oro BIBitio IOU «Arnavriti ' curo to YEYO-

6dJva» OTa npciHa KEmciit a. ta apX8ta tm; xdJpae: rou tlooei-

43 0 '+' mn,

Apxovta<; 'Innapxo<; apv~3

EBpaia OE EititI'JVIK~ EOPt~ , I'JKE va itciBEI Ilepo<; Ilia rE!pupaia, onw<; rn nava3~vata. L'li6n uovov 01

ArAavrir; - To MUaTlKO nov MuorKWV 169

l:WV PaBB(vwv 1:OU lapa~fI roue ~Ea~Kwaav J1E evrsxvo tporto Kat rpuvruxrec unooxsosrc, onwe; U1V xupurpxtu Ule; Eflfla60e;, moe 8a W exouv ofla 61Ka roue, apKe( va elvm J1e 1:0 uepoc l:WV MHl10N!44

lJa8oc; 10ov: 01 A81lva(01 oev enpsne en' oufisvl flovw va aKoflou8~aouv nc aUJ1Bouflee;1:Ou l11lJ1oa8evoue;, evoc srtesivou rtpnxropoc l:WV Ilsporov, nou e~ urrlnc 1:OU exuouv l:1l ~w~ 1:OUe; xlflta6ee; A8Ilva(0l, Apve(ol Kat ofloe; oxeoov 0 lspoe; i\oxoe; l:WV 81lBwv otn J1aXIl tnc XalpWvetae;! 0 111lJ10- a8evlle; l11lJ10a8EVOUe; 0 llmcvtsuc ~wv uioc 1:OU A8llva(ou 111lJ1008evoue;, 6la 1:OU1:O ovoJ1a~e1:O l1HMOf8ENHfl1HMOf8ENOVf Kat J1(ae; recpupa(ae; 1:OU Boppn, Kat OXI moe 11 J11lrspu 1:OU riruv fKu8100a.

lJa8oc; 11ov: 01 nepmootepsc EflflllvlKee; nOflele; - Kpal:1l unorrtnpifnv 1:OUe; PWJ1a(oue; Kat OXl.1:OUe; Bamfle(e; l:1l~ MaKe60v(ae; Q>(flmno l:OV E' xm Ilspoeu. Ma ours Kat rtripnv 1:0 J1EpOe; l:WV KOPlV8(WV, Ka8we; 01 Istpuputor l:1le; Meolle; Ava- 1:OfI~e; oe ouvevvonon J1e 1:OUe; Isrpuoutouc l:1l~ IwiUae;

At3i6E<: etxnv 61Kaiwlla va ilciBouv Ilepo<: GtIlV soptn, H vsnpn EBpaia nto a6Eil!p~ tOU Kival60u Apll06iou. H npooBoil~ nutr] c.i>31l0E 1:OU<: rE!pupaiou<: Apll661Q Kat APlOtoVEi1:Ova va 60ilomovnoouv 1:OV 'Eililllva 'lrtrtnpxo. 0<; npoc tnv neptmocn, Vpci!pEl o KO<: nilEUPIl<:: «Eciv o~IlEpa OE Ilia E3vlK03pIlOKEU1:lK~ nounn tWV EBpaiwv 01:0 lopa~il urronetpcfist va ilaBEl Ilepo<: Ilia Op36- 60~o<: EililllVi<:, 6EV 3a tnv a!p~oouv» (Kwvlrivoe: nneuP'Ie:: «0 tiIWYJlOe: rwv apiottav», oeit. 192-193, EKti. «Nea 8eUle:», A8HNAI 1995).

44 'Oila cure tn ~~EPE. 0 nilatwv Kat 3Ec.i>PlloE nw<: 3a rirov i1l130<:

EK uspouc tOU va Vpci4JEl oil6KilllPO 1:OV «Kplria», 6161:1 VVc.i>Pl~E 1:0 j..Ieililov tile; EililMoe; ewe; to teiloe; 1:OU Zw6iou tWV Ix3uwv (5 n.X. Ewe; 1995 j..I.X.).

170

AvtaTf}<; KcpaJ1uoa<;

00' ,

, nvnoov TOU~ PWJjatOu~ 8vavTiov rnc Ennaoo~ 'E

evivov na~'l TTonna, anna JjTTOPOUJj8 va OtKatOno~~;~~~,:

TOU~ TTPOYovou~ 'lJjwv... ,..

IEIPIOI, ANflPOMEflA, nAEIAflEI, TAYPOI KAI O~II

~ T'lV Kvoiooov, T'lV TTPWT8uouoa T'l~ OtKOUJjEV'l~ KaTa L rnv 91lv xuuetlnv TT.X., KaBw~ «at AB~vat» 08V slxnv nc ouvcrorntsc va OpBOTTOO~oouv cno W TTantppo·(Ka KUJjaw TTOU OIlJjtOupv~BIlKav 8~ mrlnc rou KawTTovt(oJjOu rnc Atnavtloo~, 0 Bamn8u~ tWV BamilEwv, Mlvwa~, 8lX8 TOV Bpovo tOU 08 uln alBouoa ornv onolnv unripxnv (Kat unupxouv 8V oiHVOl~ aKOJjIl) TTavEJjOPQl8~ toixovpurptec Jj8 avBIl 08 xpuompt xpcouu, 08 vail avo xm QlOVtO to TTOpQlUpO. 0 BooVO~ TOU BamnEw~ rituv Islvml J.!TTpOOta orro tov TOlXO us tnv topntntntn ~WvpaQlla, OTTOU eKtO~ nrro tu avBIl aTTelKOvl~el QUO BIlPla J.!e TTPOOWTTO TTtIlVOU, ncpouoro ue TTavwvl, av Kat TO el60~ auto to EOtelne 0 AnE~av6po~ 0 MEVlGtO~ tnc OtKouJ.!Evll~45, Via va to e~etaoet 0 MEva~ lluvernorn-

45 0 KupuiKO~ BEiMnouilo~ 010 epvo «Aile~av{jpoc;, 0 uevunot; reiv Eililrjvwv», napouma~El tesunpuouevn OtO enaKpov to ouornuc vur nc oucovoutxec unoxoeooeic, roue IllcrSOU~ 61lila6~ tWV orpcnerov tOU, tnv teilEla QlU(JlK~ xctnornon oiloKilllPOU rou navEililllviou otporou. ME ailila il6Vla, 0 Meva~ Aile(av6po~ w~ UlO~ Illa~ IlUlllleVIl~ vuvaiKa~ - xm llail101a lepEla~ - nou MaSE Ilepo~ O1a KaSEipla Mucrt~pla, ailila Kat llaSllt~~ EVO~ xortooooo, onoc 0 AplO1oteilll~, EnOIlEVo riruv va VVWpi~El Vla tnv reilEla Iloftrrsln rtou crxE6ia~E 0 nilatwv, ailila Kat tnv onouoctc Ilofluelu tll~ Atilavti60~ nou 61llll0uPVIlcrE 0 nocrEl6wv!

172

A VtOTf]~ KEpaJ1uoa~

j..IWV Apl(rrOTEnl'}~ NlKOj..lOxoU. BEBaiw~, OEV j..InopOUj..IE va yvwpi~ouj..I£ vur TO ~WlKOV BacrinElOV TI'}~ gl'}~ XlnlETia~ n.x. crTOV EnnaOlKO XWPO. OcrTOcrO, OEV anOKnEiETal va un~pxav crTI'}V I<P~TI'} tu rrrnvc aUTO.

L1inna ano TOV 8povo TOU Mivwa unopxouv TEcrcrEpa (4) 'Etl.llnov (= E).L1uo ano TI'}V OE~lO nnEUpo Kat DUO arro TI'}V aptcrTEp~. Km tu rsooson 'EtlJlnov etvm yanaVOnEuKa. To yanaVOnEUKo j..IE CPOVTO TO nopcpupo crl'}j..IaivEl TI'}V OUpovla BacrtnEia. TI'}v Ayv~ BacrtnEia nou EmKpOTI'}Q:E ern TWV xrrKWV Kal or KaKoi riouv [slvm] TOU 'OCPEW~, TOU BOWTOU, TOU Opiwvo~ Kal TI'}~ nEPtcrTEPO~. TI'}v anapTi~ouv or TEcrcrEPl~ aOEncplKE~ OUPOVlE~ cpunE~: Tou !:EiplOU, TI'}~ AVOPOj..lEOa~, TWV nnElOOwV xm TOU T aupou.

L1ucrTUxW~ OJ..lW~, cr~j..IEpa Iro TEnEUTaia xPOVta) anayoPEUETal aucrTI'}pW~ I'} Eicrooo~ EVTO~ TI'}~ al80ucrl'}~, oixw~ Ol unEu8uVOl va oioouv TI'}V napaj..llKp~ E~~yl'}crl'}. CPUcrtKO, TOU~ EvoxnEi TO YEYOVO~ on or 'Ennl'}VE~ TfJ~ ertoxric aUT~~ Em- 8uj..IoUv va EXOUV TO rN081 !:' AVTON, EnElO~ acpunvi~OVTal ano TOV n~8apyo tootov ETWV.

To npwTO «E» crUj..IBOi1i~El TO !:uj..Inav. To OEUTEPO cruj..IBoi1i~El TI'}V EVOTfJTa, ol'}nao~ O"A ro I'}nlaKo nnEYj..laTa nou EcpomOVTal avaj..lETa~U TWV xm KaTaiJ~yoUV os Eva KEVTPO oixw~ apx~ xm TEno~, an' orrou anoppEOUV O"E!: or ouj..InavnKE~ OUVOj..lEl~, K08E crUj..InavnK~ E-VEPYEta xm L11AnEpvOuv L11A-j..IEcrOU onwv TWV crWj..IOTWV, acpou L11A-xwpi~ouv ona ru crwj..IaTa OEKa E~l CPOPE~ mo yp~yopa nrro rnv TaXUTI'}Ta TOU CPWTO~, orrou O"A ro crwj..IaTa EPXOVTal nonl oe apj..lovia Kal Enl'}PEo~ouv TOU~ av8pwnou~, j..IE anoTEnEcrj..la va YEVVOTal I'} Em8uj..Iia = Ev-L11A-CPEPOV!

ATAaVTi~ - To MUOTIK6 TW_V _M_UO_TK_W_v __ 1_7_3

To TpiTO «E» cruj..I80ni~El to E4JI"ON I!\crTPO TfJ~ AVOPOj..lE: oa~ nou Ol aVWTaTOl KOTOlKOi TOU elvm npOE~XOJ..lEVOl, ana TfJV (Ota L1Encpuv (= j..I~Tpa) j..IE TOU~ DUO aVWTEpw an,na Kat j..IE TOU~ TETaPTOU~, 6fJnao~ j..IE TO TETaPTO «Ell TO onoio ouu- 80i1l~El TO I!\crTPO 'EtlJlnov TOU !:ElPlOU.

Ta reoospu E4JI"ON (= E) E~aKonou80uv va napallEv~uv evrousvo ana TfJV rrporn ZEU~1l (= ZEU~) TIl~ L1lllll~UPyta~ we; Eva 1l0VO vpnuuu, 61lna6~ we; ilia svmto cpunll, anna E6w ornv rllv ritov oxstncouevo we; OcrTPO, onwe; rr.x, oro L1(ov, ornv Bspvlvn, oro 8plYKO Tile; AKPonon~we; TW~ ABIlvtov, TOUe; vuouc TI'}e; I<OTW ltanlae;, Tile; ltovlnc, EVW cr~ov vno TOU Anonnwvoe; orouc L1EncpOUe; rircv ano1UnwIlE~o we; vpuuun «E» ornv KOPUCP~ TOU aETwllaTOe; (Bn. nnourapxou: « To Ev IJencpo{c; E»).

rta nrtoppntn KEIIlEva tWV av8pwnwv EKElVWV nou nrt~81lKaV ana TOUe; OUpOVlOUe; 'EtlJlnov, 8nEnoull~ nc rtpoonufieisc tWV tOU Dmeroc Yla E~EuPEcrll Katannllnwv nn~vnttov, E~W ana to netptxo TOUe; ouotnuc, yta t~v EYKata: creon tWV EKnEKtWv. 0 naoe; exetvoc etxe KoBE an no na~a ru ouvntnousvn xupoxrrunonxn onoc Ol 'EnnIlVEe;. ~KTOe; TOUTOU elxuv 6taKa~ noBo va anno~El KonWe; 11 601111 tOU crwllat6e; roue, E~ oulnc tOU mBIlKoEl60ue; crx~llaTOe; "" nc OUpEe; TOUe;. Iltoreucv ornv IlEtOnna~Il, an~a to noflouIlEVO cnorsnsoun 6EV epxorcv. Eixnv np?IlYIlEVIl tEX~onoYla, IlE nrrotsfteouu va EXOUV nc 6uvatOtlltE~ v~ Ka~ouv neipuuctu YEvEnK~e;, anna ouoruxoc Yl' autou~ orto nonv ere untnv. EvBappuvnKo crroreftscumc ~UnnllttJ~WV Ka~ vevvriosrov slxov 1l0VO oe netpcuutu, nou evivnv ~~w ana to uotpuco ouotnuu tile; rile;, YEyovoe; to onoto 6EV nrnv 6u-

174

Avturf}C; KEpajJui5ac;

vaTOV va BQJapIloa8Bl oe BUPUTBPIl KnlllaKa. Iloottunccv toe loaVlKO TOTTO rnv ATnavTloa, ornv onoto unripxcv TTnW Buouol aYPlOl. {).BV KaTop8waav va BTTl8f11l8ouv aTOU~ aYPIOU~, BTTBlO~ KaTEQJ8aaav Ol 8Bav8pWTTOl aTTO tnv Ka8BTO xBpaovIlao aTTO rnv KnBWT~ 8anaaaa 11 orroto suptoxerm BV {)'IA usee EUPWTTIl~, AQJPlK~~, BVW oro avaTOnlKa BQJamsrm IlB TIlV Acto.

ApXIlYo~ TWV 8Bav8pwTTwV ~TaV 0 AVWTaTO~ Apxwv TIl~ rll~, 0 8amnBu~ Oupavo~, 0 onotoc olallolpaaB orouc QUO ULOU~ TOU, onll rnv AUTOKpaTOpla TOU. 0 evnc aTTo TOU~ UlOU~ TOU oVOlla~oTav Kpovo~ xm 0 anflo~ ATna~.

rTIlV apx~, 0 nao~ BKBlvo~ TTOU Ellola~B KaTTw~ IlB TTl8~KOU~, TTpoaTTOl~81lKB TOV ouveto Kal TOV BlPllvlKo. {).~nwaav orouc 'EnnllvB~ on OBV umlorurm 8EIla noocroisev xm aVTapala~, BQJ' ooov w~ vlKIlIlEVOl orpslrtouv va ~~aouv erPllvlKa IlB TOU~ KaTOIKou~ TIl~ nnstoou TTOU 8plaKovTav BVTO~ TOU wKBavou TTOU OlBXWPl~B tnv AQJPlK~, rnv EupWTTIl IlB tnv ounK~ ~TTBlPO, rnv Eortspln.

Ol VlKIlTE~ OIlW~ TOU~ OlBxwpwav rmo TOU~ aUllllaxou~ TWV, TOU~ xnrotxouc TIl~ nBpWTBpa~. Touc eorsutcv ornv MEall AvaTOn~, Kat aUYKBKplllEva ornv TTBPlOX~ BKBIVIl TTOU cpvoreoc Ollllloupy~81lKB 11 Xanoala.

Ka8w~ Ol atwvB~ nepvououv, 0 nao~ BKBlvo~ EOlOB tnv evrurucon on naTpBuBl TOV rcxupo 8amnEa noaBlowva anna KpuQJIW~ TTpoaKuvouaav TTavTOTB svnv XanKlvo 'OQJl. '

MB TIlV TTapooo TWV xpovtov, Ol KoalloKpaToPB~ 'EnnllvB~ olaTTlaTwaav TTW~ 0 "ao~ TOU 'OQJBW~ rputvsrm BlPllvlKO~ Kat UTTaKOUO~. Ilspnv auTOU f:OBlXVB va OlKBlOTTOlBlTal TO nveuuu TWV Efln~vwv. Q>alvovTav BTTlQJavBlaKa w~ utouc

175

ArAavric; - To MuurlK6 nov MuurKwv

------

TTOU aKonou80uv tn Il8lKa TTapaYYEnllaTa TWV VlKIlTWV rmolsrov TIl~ ATnavTloo~. 'OTaV EYlVaV oruoerc otnv Xanoala, -Ol aTTOYOVOl TOU BamnEW~ Oupuvou, TOU ATnaVTO~ Kat TOU {).lO~, BTTBlO~ OBV BTTl8uIlOUaaV TIlV au8aOll 81a, aTTEorsutuv W~ KaTBUVaaTE~ IlBPlKOU~ aTTO TOV "ao TOU 'OQJBW~. Autol BTTEBanav Ka8B QJopa TIlV Ta~Il, crpnvcv TOTTOTIlPllTE~, Kl uctepn BTTEaTpBQJav ornv ATnavTloa Kl EOlvav nvcrpopn aTOU~ Bccutelc.

'EKTOTB, TOU~ 6681lKB ilia TTn~Pll~ BnBu8Bpla. Dorooo, Ol TTpoaTTa8BlB~ cvcnupcvovric IlBTa~U TWV uTT~p~av nxupTTB~, IlB cnorefteouu va TTPOKnll8Bl ilia aouvallia oro YBVVllnKa xpouooounrc, Kat avaYKaa81lKav va En80uv ce BTTlIlBl~IB~ IlB TOU~ rmrunouc QJlnou~ TWV, TIl~ Ilsptotepnc, anna xm IlB av8pWTTOU~ TIl~ ATnavTioo~.

Ta xpovur TTBpVOUV. Ol IllyaoB~ TTnll8alvouv cxurnnnuore, 'HOll EXOUV mpovttcer va 61ll..ll0Upv~aouv Eva ofuvouenE~ aUIlBounlo, TO onolo etxs Ka8B olKalwlla ~W~~ 'Kat BevaTOU. Touc ~TaV rtponuotepo va Bnvrrnooouv IlBPlKE~ BKaTOvTa6B~ OlKOU~ TOU~, TTapa va qiuvouv om uanu TWV Enn~vwv W~ 1111 tnonrec tOU vouou, To aUIlBounlo slxs TTaPBl ilia BlOlK~ sxrtulfieucq. llpcrro TOU~ IlEnlllla ~TaV va 6laowaouv orouc OlKOU~ tOU~ TTW~ elvtn Ol BKnBKTol 6nwv tWV rana~lwv, Kat on sivm uTToxPBWIlEVOl va mpovrtooov oro IlEnnOV vm rnv KataKtllall tOU TTnav~TOU Kat va B~amuvtoouv aTTa~ Ota rmvtoc TOU~ TWPlVOU~ xuptupxouc me rll~, tOU~ 'EnnllvB~.

H npoonudeur vro tnv BTTltBU~Il tOU oxonou tWV Illvaowv, 61lnao~ TIlV xupurpxlu tll~ AtnavTioo~ Kat oftnc tll~ Inc, avnnallBavovTav on ~TaV 6UaKono EPYO. Houv ourcc

176

A VtUTI7C; Kcpapuoac;

rtpoetourcouevor Kat sxmnosuusvot va cvnuenornoouv KaBe nsplorcon, enelo~ eyvwpl~av lleplKOl - OlKOl TOUe; - rnv xprion TWV ortrtoiv Illae; nponvuevnc rsxvoftovlnc, TIlV onoln ovvoouocv ornv npxr], aflfla TOUe; TIlV eOloa~av Ol KUPLOl TOUe;.

fTOV ElPllVlK6 wKeav6 urtnpxs 11 Ileyaflll rmeiooc, 11 f\euoupiu, svto crTOV v6no ATflavnK6 exenvo unripxe aflflll ulu rinsicoc, IllKp6Tepll BeBata an6 TIlV ATflavTloa. ha QUO I.leyafla vnoui, TIlV Aeuouptu Kat TIlV Avnitln, 11 ~w~ ~TaV urrspoxn, enelo~ ~crav uno tnv cueon enlBfletIJll TWV EflfI~vrov, Or uucvsc 61lwe; nspvouocv, Ol Illyaoee; oftosvn nfl~Btnvuv, evw ornv Asuouptu Kat otnv Avnflla YlVOVWV sncvuouiosic, Ol xuptcpxm Tile; rile;, Ol 'Eflflllvee;, Ol onoloi eKT6e; an6 TIlV ATflavTloa slxnv we; nveuucnxn rrporreuouon TIlV AB~va, eKel otnv reveBflta rll, oev cnecteutnv noTe TOUe; Illyaoee;, napa TOUe; elxuv uovov we; ernmpnrec ornv Avnflla Kat otnv Aeuoupto. AUT6 rirov TO Ileyaflo flaBoc TOUe;, ol6n nc ennvcorcceic nc Ollllloupyoucrav nrrVTOTe Ol cnovovor TOU Orpeoic, toonou oro Tefloe; xntectpeumv nc QUo cvortepro nrrstpouc ue tnv OlKatofloYla on oev creBacrTIlKav TOUe; noftmouc vououc TOU nocreloWVOe;.

'EKToTe, rrpoonorouvtuv TOUe; npoonruouevouc Kat acnepouevouc orouc 'Eflflllvee;, OlOOVWe; rnv svtumoon nroc ~ouv vur evnv Kat uovov oxono: Na TOUe; elvm morol usxpr Bnvnrou,

'OIlWe;, ornv 1011 xuuertc, Ol Illyaoee; nlorsumv nroc, ·eqJ' ooov ellaBav W mo crllllavnKa llucrnKa an6 TIlV texvoftovin TWV Koouoxptrtoprov EflfI';vwv, Kat Ile TIlV Kawflflllflll Olnftroucrto orouc aflfloue; f\TflaVTee;, Ba elvm oe Becrll va no-

1

ATAaVTic; - To MUUTIKO TW_V _M_UU_TK_W_v __ 1_7_7

flql~crOUV TOUe; KUplOUe; TWV Kat va KaWKT';crOuv TIlV xoou npoefleucrewe; TWV.

Ae; e~eTacroulle otnv ouvsxetu tnv Asuouptc.

H AEMOYPIA 'H MOY

o YVWGto~ Guyypaq>Ea~ OU"filihaJ,l tKOI - 'EilillOt lGXupi~e-

tal GIO 8l8i1lo rou «Arnavrioa Kat lIe/.lOupiU» on 01 KatOlK~l t"~ /\eJ,loupia~ nou ~i13av nrrn aililou~ ~i1av~te~ a~ou ue ro x~~vla nriocv uillK~ unoGtaGrJ xrn EYlvav te~ i1elw~ q>UGlKOl av3pwnOL, napEJ,lelvav Dixw~ OJ,llilia toeitk; 152, eKO. ntJptVOc; KO(J/.IoC;, ABtjvat 19B9).

!lev xpel,a~etal noilu GKELlJrJ va Kataila8el Kavei~ moe Dev G,UJ,l818a~etal utu tEtola 3ewpia, va eivm uiu q>UGlK~ aV?pw~lVrJ q>,uil~, ailila va J,lrJV Exel nc DUVatotrJte~ va 0J,l1- i1~1. Onote euiloya 3a avapwtrJ3ei Kavei~: Tote nw~ DrJJ,lloUPYrJGav nOilltlGJ,lo;

E,ival Y~YOVO~, nw~ unapxouv aJ,lEtPrJtOl Guyypaq>ei~, 01 ,0nOLOI nil~Kouv IO eYKWJ,lIO rtov anoyovWV IOU i1aou tou Oq>ew~, OUtw~ WGte va J,lrJv KpaIOUv ours rc npoo '

E ' 15 ' , xnuurrr.

rn n~pa elYJ,l~n, exouJ,le rnv ucprupln evo~ aililou GUY-

~aq>ew,~' IOU Epvcr XaiKeil lelctooia inc !JfJ/.ItOupviaC;JJ, /.I0C; B, ,(Jen. 22~-227), 0 orroioc unoGtrJpi~el Dixw~ va DExerm avn~PrJGrJ on oila tn ntrJva riouv xrmors spnera.

o (moilu~» Jyvano~ Ntoveilu (1831-1901) A .

. . J,leplKavo~

Guyypaq>eu,~ Kat noilltlKo~, EypaLlJe apKeta npaYJ,lata vru

trJ~ AtilavnDa, ailila enatvei roue i1aou~ trJ~ Aoia~ (XailDaLOu~, 8a8uilwviou~, E8paiou~), onw~ eniGrJ~ roue AIYU-

ATAaVTir:; - To MUGTIK6 TWV MUGTKWV 179

rrtiouc, IOU~ 'IVKa~, IOU~ A~tEKOU~, evw cvvoet emDelKnKa tOU~ 'EflflrJve~. MafllGta, GtO 8l8f1(0 rou «Arnavric;: 0 nooxataxitucuiaioc KO(J/.IOC;», EYIVe to cvcnnuevo 818f1(o tWV EW IllG3WV epeuvnnov, Ka3w~ 6f1OL nutol unOOt~pl~aV rnoc OUMnote un~p~e aflrJ3lV6~ norunouoc OtrJV EfifiaDa, evw eKe(VO~ IOU E' aIWVO~ nto uin avaflalln~ xapl~ orouc AGlatsc, nou lleplKo( ~Gav cnovovor tWV Atflavtwv ...

o Ka3eva~ an' auto~~ npoGna3e( va anoKpULlJel trJV npaVllaIlK~ afl~3eta, ue cnoteftsoun va neq>tel ornv noviDa nov cvnmcostov, napaoelYlla: 0 Toupflc MnEpillt~ GtO BIBil(o tOU «To MU(JrtjptO tnt; Arnavriooc;) avaq>Epel GtrJV Geilloa 20 6Il «rJ neplypaq>~ IOU vrJGlOU nurou nou BOWGe 0 nilatwv oev slvm, 6nw~ urrofisrst 0 KOGIlO~, llu30~ ailila ailrJ3lv~ rotopln», EVtOUtOL~, GtrJV snouevn oeil(oa [tnv 21rJ) ypaq>el OIL «01 3eo( Kat 01 3eE~ tWV npxnlmv Eilil~vwv, tWV QlOIV(KWV, tWV Ivowv Kat tWV rKavolva8wv ritnv anilw~ 01 8aGlfllaOe~, 01 8aG(illoGe~ Kat 01 ~pwe~ rnc Atilavt(oa~. Kat rn KaIOp3wIlata rtou roue anoo(oel rJ uufloftovia slvm ouvsexuuevsc cvcuvnceic npaYllaIlKwv lGtOPIKWV ye.yovotWV»46.

46 0 nsluvnoroc IwCtvvn<; Ilcoocc oro epvo tOU «H an'18lvrj ttpotctopia», avocpepEl on n (6l0 n ioroplc 6l66oKEl on sm OlWVE<; 6Uo cpui'lec;: n Ei'li'lnVlK~ Kat I") EBpa"iK~ Bp(OKOV1:at aveKa9Ev OE OVtiSEOlV Kat ai'li'll")i'l0IlOX(OV ... H EBpa'iK~ cpui'l~ cvnucxerci 6lCt IlE906wv 6oi'liwv Kat OKotElVWV, onw<; eXEl ono6Elx9Ei. {I. Ilao(JaC;: «H An'18lVrj Ilpounopia», oeitu; 252, EKO. «'HflIOC;», A8rjval 1985). Bi'lenouIlE, i'lomov, nc li6i'1lE<; IlES65ou<; nou xpnouronoiouv Ol cnovovoi lOU 'OCPEW<;, KOSWe; sxouv noi'li'loue; 6lKOUe; roue cuvvpcmetc.

180 Avtar'1~ K(paJluoa~

'On €iVal UHoplKa V€VOVOTa, €ivat. AMla B€v ucc flE€l 0 MnEpfll1:~ VW nom MuSoflovia rrpoxsttm. LJlOn 0 MONALJIKOr nou avaqJEp€1 vro rtptotn qJopa nspt A"(flavtiBoe:, €ivat 0 nflanllv. Aflfla 0 S€ioe: <PlfloooqJoe: vpaqJEl VW Eva aflllSlvo LO"(QPlKO V€vovoe:, €qJ' ooov 0 iBlOe: €mOKEqJSIlK€ "(IlV Aivumo Kat ~flS€ O€ €naqJ~ Il€ noflfloue: rspslc. Kat av SEfloUIl€ va €P€UV~OOUIl€ BaSu"(€pa, Sa €~aKplBwoOUIl€ on 11 flE~le: «MuSoe:», ornoc €~~VIlOa O€ Eva ana rn nponVOUIl€Va KEqJaflata, elvm Eva IO"(OPlKO V€vovoe: nou oleowSIlK€ IlEOW rnc npoqJoplK~e: ncocooceroc. Aflfla Kl av aflflOlWSEi we: roroplu, onunoln EX€1 on 0 LO"(QPlKOe: a~wv eivat rrnvtn 0 iOLOe:!

Au"(o nou EX€l uunotn onucotc €iVal on, r1 Oouooew rnc lepac EflflIlVlK~e: <Pufl~e: qJSavel O"(Q "(Efloe: rnc, 0 EflflllvlOIlOe: Bp~Ke nafll tnv lBaKIl "(QU. LJlOn Ol npaVllanKa 1l0PqJWIlEVOl vvwpi~ouv on Ol Bsol €xapa~av "(0 oxEBlO rnc OouvIlP~e: nopslnc "(QU EflflllvlOIlOU EWe: tu "(Efl~ "(QU ZwBiou nov IxSuwv. Aflfla 0 nfla"(wv, eVSUIl€iTal "(Q LJElla rnc IlavBwpae: O"(Q onoto Ila~ill€ aflfla B€IVa urrripxs 11 El\nlLJA O"(IlV KapBla "(QU EflflllVLOllou. To vevovoe: nuro "(0 EVVWPl~E 0 APLO"(Q"(Efllle:, aflfla avaVKaoSIlKE va nat~€l "(Q poflo "(QU EmKPl"(QU "(QU nfla"(wvoe:!

An' ofla OIlWe: rn oouvllpa flaSIl rnc EflflIlVlK~e: <Pufl~e:, "(Q IlEvaflu"(Epo, qJpovw nroc ~TaV on 01 'EflflIlVEe: nuprueououv nc EV"(QflEe: nov S€WV [I.E YTTev8uJ1{(ouJ1e orl 01 8eo{ tjCJav eKCPPClCJeU; rou Evoc; /J1]J1IOUPYOU, OTTWC; CJacp6Jc; emCJI]J1a{vel 0 Ilitauov orov « Iiuaio», 01 OPCfJIKOI YMHOI, 0 Hpa«iteuoc, 0 AplCJroreill]C;, 0 Ilitoiuupxo«; «ai aililol. Eivtu Kat TTVeUJ1ara ra OTTo{a ttaiovouv cpatv0J18VIKWC; - UillKtj J10PcPtj,

. 181

ATAavriC; - To MUGTIKO TWV:_ _MU_G_TK_W_V _

o q,OBOI KAI 0 ~EIMOI

E Ivm eTTlBeBatw~evo TTiMov on r ' ,

ana olaallwomlota TT' a ouo aTTO tu tpia tepa-

ou eQluvav aTTo r fi KalaatPoQJ~ tl')~ Aritavtioo a ' ,I')v I')V, ~eta rnv

TTitav~lOu Apew~ Kal' ~,I')~epa elval oOPUQlOPOl IOU

Tl~ TTitl')poQlOPie~' autee;val Vv~alOi w~ QlOBOr «m llEIMOr.

, ... n~ TTatpvou~e aTTo s:

uevn epva IOU O~~pou H' ru KWulKOTTOll')-

6, r1 Kat mooou (([DUe; J1e ):1

e V aUKcllTTU:; ABtjv'l lJefJ10v '6, qJ' V p'le;, roue;

36, N, 29B). r e 080e; ... » {/r1uie; IJ' 439, 11,

I<ata rov Haiooo: «. mvoto '

J10v ertKre oetvoue; ·~u ):1 PW KuBepela qJo80v Kat lJef- 93BJ. '" v p'le; ... » (8eoyovfa, ottxoi 933-

o Nteaap~ oro BlBitio IOU aTTa~1 '

VOVOla nl~ Tpoiaf' lie 'it 01 va avaQlep8ei ala ve-

, ... ,,.. aTTOte ea~a va oioe

on 0 'O~I')Po~ evpa.lrc- TT 'a I rnv eVnJTTWal')

...,c. apa~uula.

o Ntoveitu aTTooioel oita tu e '

Eitit~vwv orouc aTTOVOVOUf' ATTlt~uV~ala rev Apxaiwv

... rev titavrwv Aitit' s:

rnv TTapa~IKp~ VU~I') V ' . . a osv Kavel

, ta lOU~ ouo OOPUQlOPou~

o B. naaxo~ uTTOat~pl~e on rc nc , .

Atitavte~. Ev lOUlOlf' ' TTaVla OQlelitoVlal alOU~

, ... aVVoel tl')V avam '

IOU Hm600u TTepi Ql 'B ,...,opa IOU O~~pou Kat

o ou xrn llel~oU.

o raitlllaio~ oev eVvw l(e:

nl')VlKOU AnQlaBI')'tou 'H p ,lOV le:panKO KWolKa IOU En-

. tav e:va~ ~et '

PlO~ e:TTlatl')~wv, VI'

ArAavric; - To MUCITIKO nov MUGTKliJv 183

nuro EvpalPe: oco KatanaBe: aTTO lOU~ 'Ennl')ve:~ tnc ApxmOUllO~.

o KalTTne:p ritcv svuc ~e:olaVtpOTTO~, cvnvpmpeuc tWV upxnitov Enn~vwv.

llev avnn~QlElIlKe tn nspl Ql6Bou xm llelllOU. ATTnw~, 01- Ke:IOTTol~ElIlKe ouvvpnuuntn tou Aptctuoxou tOU LalllOU.

o Kopoato~ etxe TTaVte:n~ avvolO VlO tOV KWOlKa tWV Enn~vwv Mu80novwv. laxupla8llKe: TTW~ 6na ro rtpoorortn rnc EnnllvIK~~ MuSonOVla~ rionv utrtuvnnvric npoensuostoc. Gute xnv IOU nspnos aTTO to lluan6 n riouv Kat TTOU Bploxovrnv 0 QloBo~ Kat 0 llelllo~.

To IlEvano uuouxo to vvwpl<av nlVOl IlOVOV avElpwTTOI, 01 OTTO lOt ~aav 'Ennllve~ tou Bu<avtlou, TTOU IlEta to 1453 tnv anwall rnc Kwv(j"(:avnvouTTonew~ - eVKataOtaSlloav one EupwTTa'(KE~ xopsc. Evnc E~ uutrov, 0 rEWpVIO~ QlpaVt<~~, vovoc IOU vvoorou Qlpavt<~ TTOU EvpalPE VlO rnv Anwall rnc KwvataVnVouTT6ilew~, Eowae (KOla to 1662) orov OUVKEV~ KaTTOIa unoppntu KElllEva, ol6n Ela tOU rituv ouaKono tOU 'Ennllvo~ va ouvvpatlJel BIBillo ue SElla tOU~ rsxvnrouc oopuQl6pou~ tOU ApEW~. Tou rituv ouoKono, VlOtl 11 «lspu E~Etam~» 8aVatWVE KaElEn TTOU elxe oxeon ue anllEllva VEVOvOta.

o Xproncvcc OUVKEV~ EvpatlJe to «nspi TTnav'lrtKciJv KOU/lWV, rwv «atoikiov ntu rev TTapaywyciJv auttavi (1670), oro OTlOlO cvntpeper on «ours 0 fjp'le; exe! «anou: tiopuaiooo va neoiuevei, Kat yla aura iioutov eiuat tnc yvciJ/l'le; TTWe; noene: va Bswpsiral «auateooc aTTo tnv Inv».

LUVETlW~, 0 OUVKEV~ VVWPI<E IlEOW nov KEIIlEVWV IOU

184

Avtorf]<; KEpapUOa<;

'EnnllVO~ on 0 Ap'l~ OEV etxe OlKOU~ IOU OOPUqJopOU~, anna Ol QUO aUTOI CPo80~ Kat f.EI110~ «qJlnO~EVOUVWl».

Evnc anno~ 'Enn'lv, 0 rp'lVOplO~ ZanUK'l~ fEE iieve on eivai ttoovovoc rou tonvooioo Zaitum, 16purrj rl]~ CPlnlKrj~ Ettupeitu; ro 1808 otnv Btevvn], EOwcrE xnnour xsluevn oe evcv rrou ESEWPEltO cic O~UI1E:VO nveuuo t'l~ ertoxric TOU, TOV BPEWVO ocnpuco IwvaSav foulqJt, xm 0 OEUtEPO~ E:vpalj.JE oro 1726 to 8l8illo « Ta ra(i6ta rou {KlOunnIBep». fTO 8l8fHo auto 0 foulqJt Ol'lVElwl, ueoro TOU ~pwa rou, moe vupw arro rov AP'l rrEplcrtpE:qJOVWl QUO oopuqJopOI.

Inv lOla erroxn I1EPlKOI 'Enn'lvE~ nrtnotcoov rov vvwcrtO CPlnE:nn'lva, Borltutpn Kat aqJou TOU E:owcrav W cncnotrnro xsluevn, exslvoc 0'l110cr(EucrE to 1752 to 8l8illo «O/.JIKPOuevac» evn Ol~V'll1a I1E olarrnaV'lnKa w~lola.

Ol 'Enn'lvEC; t'l~ EupciJrr'l~, otouc onolouc oqielrlerm '1 «AvaVE:vv'lGl~», Via va cnomuvouv tnv rrupa nov lEPO~EWcttov, rroocnotoevrov TOU~ rraTTlKOU~ - avanova I1E nc neptcrtacrEl~ - Kat OlE:OlOav xal1'lnoqJciJvw~, on W epvn TOU Xpumnvou OUVKEV~, tou IwvaSav foulqJt, tou Bonwlpou Kpu80uv KarrolE~ qJUGlKE:~ an~SElE~. VrrEVSUl1l~av noic xm o avSpciJTTlVO~ EVKE:qJano~ xWPI~Ewl oe QUO I1E:P'l, ouuqJwva I1E IOV EK Knpuorou urrpo f.loKn~. 0 'Enn'lv aUto~ oro E:pva TOU «Avatounv», «YYleIVlbP arrE:OEl~EV on to nprorepo I1E:PO~ rou EVKEqJanou ...

47 ilIOKilrjc;: 'Eililr')V ta1:p6<; sx Kapu01ou, eK 1:WV uevtotov usrn rov lrmoxparnv. Vn6 1:WV A3r')Vaiwv aneKaileilO 0 «Necinepo<; InnoKpaul<;». Tov evvcilptcrav va aoxoileiml xm us tnv cplilooocpiav rnv nepmaulnK~v, W<; lla31')1:~<; lOU APIOlO1:cilou<;. npw1:epva- 1:1')<; 1:1')<; Me30liIK~<; oxoil~<; Kat 1:1')<; t.talUlnK~<;, lilCKplve Kat eli iliaoKev rnv «e~alOlliKeuOlv» lOU ao3evou<;. 'Epva lOU, «VYU:IVU))

185

Artlavri<; - To MUOTIKO rwv MuorKwv

-------

To E:tO~ 1877 crt '1 v AI1EPlK~ xrmoun norpovouor, E:XOVW~ ernvvmon on 0 Klvouvo~ t'l~ EVKn'll1anK~~ lspnc E~Eruceroc tWV rnrmktov, slvm crnv cnevnvn rrnEupa tOU AtnavnKou Oxecvou, slxnv nc ouvatOt'ltE~ va EPEUVOUV EnEuSEpa. Eroi, to E:tO~ EKEIVO 0 AI1EplKaVo~ cctpovouoc AcraqJ XciJnn, avaKanulj.JE l1E:crw tOU t'lnEcrKorrlou uno to Aorspooxonsto TOU Nnunxou tWV Hvwl1E:vWV nOnltElciJv roue QUO oopuqJopou~.

o E~WtEPlKO~ oopuqJopo~ OVOl1a~EWl f.EI110~, rmexei OE cno to KE:VtpO tou APEW~ 23.000 xuuoustpc. 0 OE econePlKO~ oopuqJopo~ OVOl1a~EWl cpo80~ Kat rmsxst 9.285 xinlOI1Etpa nrto ro KE:VtpO tOU nduvrirou. 'OnOl 0110nOVouv on W ovoumn CPo80~ Kat f.EI110~4B elvm moqnu Enn'lvlKa, ovountc W onolu eixuv Ol (rmor rou 8Eou ApEW~.

o cnouontoc AI1EplKaVo~ ETTlcrt~I1WV I<apn faVKav os ouvsovuolo I1E tOV f08lEnKo I. r. fKnoqJcrKl oro E:PVO TOU~ «Eucpurj~ ~(JJrj oto ouunav» uvcqiepouv ere tnv crEnlOaV 24 t'l~ Enn'lVlK~~ EK06crEW~ «flpopGJ), on 0 E~WtEPlKO~ ooputpopoc f.EI110~ crul1rrn'lPciJvEl utn nsptctpomn vupw nrto tov Ap'l os 30 ciJPE~ Kat 18 nEma. 0 CPo80~ ne 7 ciJPE~ Kal 39 nEma. 0 OE rrnav~t'l~ Ap'l~ nepiotoeqierm vupw nrro tOV a~ova tOU os 24 ciJPE~, 37 nEma Kat 23 OEutEponEma. Errl

nou slvm uur ouvvpacp~ lilat1:l')nK~<; Kat «na8oC;)), nrrln, 3eparrsln .... An6 lOV ililOV evpacpl')lO nporov BIBiliov 1:1')<: eililI')VIK~<:

BIBillovpacpia<; rtspl to Borcvn, 1:0 «PI(OroJ1IKDVI). Mem~u aililwv nvnrpeptrn on stxev ernvorioei spvnftstov Kat tponov e~avwv~<: 1:WV Beilcilv eK lOU oouoroc. (340-260 nX.l. {Bil. lle~IK6v Apxakov Eililtjvwv, /Jp. eeosootou. r. Baptutouatou. EKO. rewPYlaOflC: oeiuc 155, A8tjval 1997).

48 t.eillo<:. EililI')VIK~ ilC~I<; I') onoia lil')iloi: 1:p6110<;!

186

AvtaTfK KE:paJ.luoac;

niteov, sic H]V ()8nlOa 26, Ol DUO xopumctor nurol emerriuovsc avaqJEpouv Ola nc ola(rnlcrel~ no DUO oopuqJ6pwv. To qJalVO~€VlK6 «acrtplK6» ~Eve80~ rrov oopuqJ6pwv €lVal +11,5 vro rov £P680 Kat +13 Vla tOV 6€l~0.

Ilepuv 6nwv cunov, or DUO npoavaqJ€p8EVtee: ernornuovee anooelKvuouV on 0 £P680~ Kal 0 6€l~0e: eivm rsxvnrot oOPUqJ6pOl one cr€nlO€~ 24-39.

Lt"v OeKa€tia rou 1950, " NASA anoMx8"K€ to V€VOv6~ - 6Xl 6~w~ t€nelW~ enlcr,,~a - on Ol DUO oOPUqJ6pOl rou Apew~ €lVat texvnrol. Evvoopl~av on 0 £P680~ xm 0 6€l~0e: riocv Olacrt,,~6nnOla ttov L€lPlWV Kat AVOPO~EOlWV, anna aouvOtoucrav va to ouortovnoouv errlonurr, nap' 6n ortm Ol olacr,,~Ol acrtpOqJuOlKOl elxnv un' ounv roue moe or Oopumopo: Kpu80uv Eva 8apu uuonxo to onolo KatEX€l ~la uucrnK~ aoenqJ6t"ta nou anaptl~etat an6 'Enn"ve~! Elvm or 'Eijllnov!

Ol A~eplKavo( eVOlaqJEpOVtav vro to tpiro Olaot,,~6- nrtoio, oocrnou ornv oeKaetla rou 1960 to €vt6mcrav, Ka8oo~ 6na tn t"n€crK6ma rtov HnA rionv crtpa~~Eva orov oupav6. To rptro olaot,,~6nnOlo, vvooro coc MErAAH nEPlnOAOL aKonou80ucr€ evnv KO~~t" nou €px6tav rtpoc tnv r", ue KlVOUVO va KatacrtpaqJel 0 nnav~t"e: unc. Kat evoo nom6v, 6na rc t"necrK6ma nov HnA, t"~ lanwvla~, rnc npoo" LO- 8l€nK~~ Evoocr€w~, t"~ Bpetuvinc, rnc Iepunvlnc, t"~ Aucrtpafl(a~, rnc ranfl(a~ xm annwv xwpoov riouv ctpcuuevn rrpoc Eva cruVKeKpl~EVO onueto errl 20 on6Kn"pa xpnvrc, ev touroic rnv Eneucr" rcu KO~~WU rnv «avaKanuijlav» o~8ev DUO spuouexvsc acrtpov6~Ol, Ol XETn Kat Mnon.

187

ATAaVTic; - To MuaTIK6 TWV MuaTKwv

------

Tov AnplnlO rou 1997 0 KO~~t"~ EVlve opuroc us vuuvo oqJ8an~6, anna ~la oovnvoon «ecrorspumxn», nne HnA ntcrteijl€ noic oe rteplrrttocn curoxrovtcc 1WV, Ol ijlUXE~ tOU~ Be €lOE8anav evroc tOU Olaot"~Onnolou nou cruv60€uo€ tov KO~~t". Otuv ru ~En" tnc ounfioc exetvnc uuroxrovnouv, Ol XE·(n Kat Mno~ o~nwcrav ore M.M.E. 6n excuuv Eva na80~. Llev €np6K€ltO nepl ouvooou, o"nao~ O€V rircv ~€tannlK6 aVnK€l~€VO, anna Eva uotpo. O~ npoc rnv neplmoon, rtomov, vevvnrm surtovn to €~~~ epornuc: Eivm ouvorov va unv to avnil~qJ8"Kav 6na tu Aorepooxortsta rnc r,,~, Kat va €vt6mcrav to «na80~», nanl Ol DUO curet epuouexvsc croovouou

'OXl oev €lvat ouvat6v! Lll6n Ol XETn Kat Mnon etncv ijlE~~ata, eqi' ooov exteftououv evroftsc xnnouov ...

'O~w~!'"

To neplOolK6 «NEXUS» tOU rsuxouc Anplnlou 1997, oro orroio cruvepva~Ovtal cnouoctor corporpuouecl an6 roue onolouc apK€Wl €Pvacr8"Kav Kata to nap€il86v Ot"V NASA Kat cr€ anna ernotnuovuen KEVtpa epeuvnc, 6nw~ rnc lnnovice, t"~ npoo"v L08l€nK~~ Evoocrew~, tl']~ Bpertnvlcc K.t.n., OlEijI€ucrav roue Auspucavour; xm anEO€l~aV ue aOlacr€lOta oroixslu 6n 0 KO~~t"~ Kateu8uv6mv npoc rnv V"V, anna to ~etannlK6 oxnuu nou tOV ouvooeue tOU ailna~e tnv rropelnl

Enlonc, rn neplOolKa epeuvnc Kat uuotnptou ornoc to «NEXUS») anoKanuijlav moe cpxetec xopec EKa~av uno- 8pUXl€~ epsuvsc otov AtnaVnK6, anna Ol eKacrtOte Ku8epvnceic tWV HnA to olEijleucrav.

EPEYNEI ITON ATAANTIKO OKEANO

A TTO TO 1960, eYLVav TTonne~ 'lXocrKoTT~crel~ TOU Bu30u TOU ATnavnKOu OKeavou aTTo TTnola olacpopwv KpaTwv, OTTW~ aTTO TO nrtoto «rKa~enna» T'l~ repJ.lavla~, TO «L\encplVI» TWV HnA, TO «'YOpa» T'l~ M. BpeTavla~, TO nftoto TOU KOUcrTO K.a. 01 aTTocrTOne~ aUTe~ aVaKanUtlJav 1.1Ia 3anacrma TTePIOX~ ue J.leyan'l UtlJOJ.leTpIK~ olacpopa TTOU ~eKIVa aTTO nc aKTe~ rnc BpeTavla~ xm cpTaVel von a J.lexpl T'lV aKT~ T'l~ Norlou AJ.lepIK~~, Kat crUYKeKplJ.leva W~ TO aKpWT~pIO OouVTt:, vonoavaTonlKa one aKTe~ T'l~ ACPPIK~~ Kal uctspn VOna J.lexpl TO TplcrTav VT' AKouvxa. 01 'lXocrKoTT~crel~ curec EYlVav eTTelo~ one TeneuTale~ oeKaede~ TOU 190u alwvo~, coserot epeuv'lTe~ crrpaCP'lKav TTpO~ nc A~ope~, xm e~aKpiBwcrav TTW~ 01 A~ope~ rionv 01 utlJ'lnoTepe~ KOPUCPE~ TWV Bouvmv rnc ATnavdoo~. 'Eva~ TTOU uTT~p~e 0 TTPWTOTTOpoe one epeuve~ yupW nrro T'lV ATnavdoa, ~TaV 0 Ivvnnoc NTOvenu, anna T'lV TTpaYJ.lanK~ an~3ela T'lV TTapoucrlacre OTTW~ cruvecpepe oe KaTTolou~ ((jxupou~ TWV HnA.

rupw oro 500 J.llnla Bopelw~ TWV A~opwv, avaKanucp3'lxcv cvuueoo oro Mrrpeor Kat TO AKPWT~PIOV KOVT xm ce Ba30~ 3.100 uerprov 3paucrJ.laTa uanwoou~ naBa~, '1 ortotn J.leTacpEp3'lKe oro Moucreio TOU Ilcprotcu. Ta xouucnc nutrr e(eTacr3'lKav aTTO TOV nwn TepJ.lIE, 0leu3uvT~ TOU OKeavo-

ArAavrk; - To MuarlK6 rwv MuorKWV 189

ypacplKO.u lvonrourou, TTOU eKelv'l T'lV eTTOX~ 0 Tspuie ~TO uur uvuvvroprouevq nuflsvtlc TOcrO ornv rannla ooo Kat one anne~ xwpe~.

TenlKo unoteitsouu: To oelYlla, TO OTTOlO elxs alloPCP'l, uanwo'l Kat Il'l KpucrTannlK~ J.lOPcP~ elxs orepsonoujdet OtOV nepu Kat OXI ueou oro vepo. ETTl TTneov, '1 vnooc tOU - nnatWVO~ Bu3lcr3'lKe neproootepo cno 2000 uetpn, OTTOU to Ileyanutepo uspoc Bounla(e orov Bu30 tnurcxpovn ue rnv 'lcpe((jtelaK~ eKP'l(Il, evw to UTTonOlTTO cueotoc Ileta. To oelYlla Ka30plcr31lKe opUKtOnoYlKw~ ocv mxudlrnc, Kat OTTW~ aTTellel(e 11 ernotriun, 01 mxuftttec olanUOVTal oro 3anacr(j(vo vepo vupro oro 14.000 ue 15.000 xpovrc. EuveTTW~ 11 xrrruotpoqm rnc Atnavdoo~ Bn npenet va eYlvenlvotepo uno 1450 xpovm TTPlV, o'lnao~ Kata ro ueco tnc 10'l~ xlnleda~ TT.X., Kat apa 0 3elo~ nnatwv neyel An~3ela, xm Ilan((jta slvm tnn aBacrTaxtll An~3eta!!!

VTT~p~av Kat anna supriuotn orov AtnaVnKo OK~avo, , cno ru onolu tn neprooorepo oqieldovrm OtOV Kouoto, anna 0 av3pwTTo~ nuror; ~tav eKteneonKo opvuvo tWV E~oumuouov - Neo-AtnavtwV, us unoreftsoua va unoxpuurei tnv an~3ela, ourmc wou: va unv Ylvel VVWOtO o,to supu KOIVO on 11 vriooc Atnavd~ ~tav nnouda tWV Ennllvwv. Ta suprumtn, OIlW~, TTOU eYlvav yvwcrta, ocpetnOvtal OtO TTn~pWlla tOU AvynlKou EIlTTOPlKOU nftoiou «T~eoIlO~t». 01 v~utee Kat 01 a~lwllanKOt tOU « T~ecrIlOVt» ncpmnpnocv EKTTnllKtOl TTn~30~ VEKPWV tlJaplWV Kat naonll~ va Bvalvou,v otnv emrpnvsic Kanou 130 vaunKa Ilinla 6Ut~Ka tile: ~aoEpuc Kat voun tWV A~opwv. EKet, OIlW~, nou euewuv avau- 001 riruv moe EBnEnav va uvofiuerm eva IllKPO vnot TTOU

190 AvtaT'1~ K£paJluoa~

OEV Un~pXE OIOU~ VaUnKOU~ xuptsc. To VEVOVO~ nuto npoKanEoE 1I'1v neprepvetu lOU rtrlourpxnu, 0 orroloc OUVKE:V1PWOE uur Ol1aOa, ElO~n8av OUIV nE:I1Bo (= BapKa) Kal snrivnv OUIV nnl1mE:01EPIl aKl~ lOU VEOqJEPI1E:VOU vnoiou. EKEi, Bp~KaV uro 110UI1ta KnElOI1E:VIl OE ni8lvll ouoxomcvo, 11 onoln ritov KanUI1I1E:vl1 nrro nnvro I1E IlqJat01EtaKa Kalanoma. Enlonc, Bprixnv OKanlOI1E:Va KEqJanta noufurov Kat ~WWV, QUO Ba~a I1E Bpnucumrr 001WV, orpupur, oaK1Uniola xm I1npOUV1~lva ona8la.

'OI1W~, apKEIOi EPEUVl1wi, EK lWV ortoltov 0 Toapn~ MnE:pnll~ 0 lvvrmoc NloVEnu, 11 MaiPIl Xooun, unootnpkouv on 0 I1npOUV1~0~ avaKanuqJ81lKE Vupw ow 3000 n.X. one XWPE~ 11l~ Meoonorcutnc. AnnOl EPEUVlllE:~ ul08EIOUV unolJ,JEl~ KanOlWV annwv EPEUVlllWV nou xm aUIOi aKOl11l UlO- 8E:ll10av ul08Ellll1E:VE~ cnouierc npOVEVE01E:PWV, nw~ lax a Ol Alnavu:~ Evvwpl~av va KaWOKEua~ouv IOV I1npouvl~O alwvE~ rtptv ana lOU~ dnouc 11l~ Eupwnll~ Kat 11l~ MEoonoruuicc, Kat vur va lEKl1llPlWOOUV 11lV 8Ewpia lOU~, nopouOla~ouv W rtprorn BlBnia lOU lvvanou NlovEnu. 'anOl VEvlKa Ol O~8EV «npOOOEUnKOi» Kat O~8EV «OlE8vl(HE:~» EPEUVlllE:~ moreuouv nroc 11 lE:XVIl 11l~ KawOKEu~~ lOU I1npouvl~OU «Elo~x811» xm OEV avaKanuqJ81lKE 011lV Eupcmn,

BnE:nOUI1E, nomov, IOV svnv epsuvntri va ul08E1Ei 11lV VVWI1Il lOU annou, EVW OUOEi~ E~ aU1WV E:XEl npooeirnxn VVWI1Il. rpaqJouv, OI1W~, BlBnia ooretc, EnElO~ lOU~ cuvnpna~El 0 lilno~ IOU «OUvvpaqJE:w~ - EPEUVlll0U», Kat EVW MOl IOU~ E:XOUV a~lonova EnaVVE:nl1aw, uutormpoucurcoVWl ncvrots w~ «ouvvpumetc - EPEUVIlWi» ..

ATAavTi~ - To MuaTIK6 TW_V _M_UO_TK_W_v __ 1_9_1

001000, I1EPlKoi uno nurouc vvwpi~OU~ KanOla n~av-

, :::I' anna stvrn E:l1l1lO8a, «EI1lJ,Juxa» movie

l1ata, EXOUV l1uallo, "" _

lWV NEO - AnlavtWV E~oumaOtWv. Evw Ol annOl ~lval OEOI1~

, 8"'lar xm OEV E:XOUV OUtE tnv otOlXElWOIl nOVlKIl,

Ol til£; al1a u ... '

WOtE va I1noPOUV va avnnllqJ80uv tn nOyla tOU ALVum,lOU

, rnc ralOo£; npor; tOV ronwva on ornv Ennaoa

~::~\O rnOVl\AIOTEPO rENOr AnO KATABOI\Hr KOrMOV AnO TO onom KAI 0 1l\IOr (0 rOI\ON) KAt 01\01 01 El\l\HNEr

KATArONTAI!!! , A

Anna BnEnEl£; Ayanllt~ ~vayvwotPla Kat AyanlltE ~a-

vvwotll, moe tn osorswu KEvtpa anoqJaoEwV t~£; EOnEPla~ Evoxnouvtat aqJavtaota, oruv YlvEtal yvWOtO OtO nn~tu KOlVO on 11 EnnllvlK~ CPuM elvm 11 rEvv~tWp til£; OOqJla£;

Kat til£; tEXVlK~£; E~Ent~EW£;! ,

Ano to 1965 Kal neou nnpcv I1Epo£; apKEtOl roBlE~.lKO~

EPEuvlltE£;, Ol onoioi nvvonocv nc EvtOnE£;, tOU EBPatKO~ nOl1nu tWV HnA, Kat sotpsurcv mv npoooxn roue ot? 011 I1ElO EKElVO tou AtnaVnKou nou Bu8l081lKE to VIlOl tOU

nnatWVo£;. ,

o Ka8IlYllt~£; NlKona'{ ZlPOqJ, sneuc nno EKtEtaI1E~E~

E EUVE£; EypalJ,JE to BlBnto «Arnavric;» to 1969 Kat Bam~E, t~l om ~EWOnOYlKa Eup~l1ata. Kata to 1974, uur ~~~lEt~KE~ anootOn~ tOU EPEuvlltlKOU oKaqJou£; «AKaOlll1at~O£; 8- tPOqJOKl» aVEnaBE UIV qJwtOypaqJloll tou 8anaomou nu

I1EVO£; oro KEvtpO tOU ApXmEnayou£; xoocoo. ,

Ev teo I1Eta~U, Ol «AI1EPlKavomwvlotal» , npoona80~v anEyvwol1EVa va 80nwoouv tu vspn, npow8w~ta£;, OlKOU£; lOU£; OuvypaqJEl£; xm Oll1100l0ypaqJou£; O,l onoioi E~~a~ W£; Kupla anootOn~ va Kal10uv nnuoll EYKEqJanou OE 0 OK IlPO

192

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to aVaVVWOl:lK6 KOlV6 tnc u$lliHou, moe Vat usv Un~p~E 11 Al:navl:iBa l:OU nncnwvoe;, anna Ol svcnouetvcrec oureto- 8EVl:Ee; rnc xrrmctpoqiric j..lEWVOOl:EUOaV rnv Evvue; xm MEOIl Aval:on~, 6nou Ol unovovoi l:WV Al:navl:wv rionv Ol ' XanoaiOl, an6 roue onolouc npOEXOVWl Ol EBpaiOl.

AUl:a Evpa$aV orov EnEvx6j..lEVO vpunro runo l:WV HnA, 6nwe; enlonc Kat ow BlBnia exetvo W orrotn ovumepovnn Ol:IlV Al:navdBa.

'OJ..lWe;, Ol urmvtnxou BlBnl6qllnOl avnn~ql8llKaV ~Oll to BpWj..llKO natxviBl l:WV NEO - Al:navl:wv, omoc snlonc Kal:anaBav roue n6voue; nou 0 rannoEBpaioe; ZaK Kouoro EKPU$E nc ni8lVEe; nnaKEe; nou urtripxnv ern BwBEKa xlnlaBEe; xpovur Ol:OV Bu86 l:OU Al:navnKou OKEavou. Anna, EUl:UXWe;, 'Ita tnv av8pwn6l:llw, BUo rtpnxtopec rnc E4JIAaN Epva~ovrnv Gl:OV KOUGl:6, vEvov6e; to onoiov ElXE we; qlUGlK~ ouvsnsur va qlwl:Ovpaql~oouv nc ernvpnmec Kat va uc OlOXEl:EUOOUV OE 6na W smotnuovuer spvuornpur l:OU nnav~tOU j..lae;. Erci, 11 KawOKEUaOj..lEVIl Bivll l:WV rtpnoxmprov - xm 'Ita nivo aK6j..la - E~ouGlaol:wv OEV EqlEPE W cnorerteouoru nou nepuievuve, cmou OEV unopeos 11 Bivll aUl:~ va unopporpncer UIV npaVJlanK~ an~8Ela.

EmnnEov 0l:0 nEv6j..lEVO «BIBnio reiv ElaBonwv», Eva apxaio KEnnK6 xerpnvpctpo, aVaqlEpEl on - uerc rov j..lEvanO KaWKnuoj..l6 - ~n8av Ol:IlV IpnavBia 'EnnIlVEe;, un6 rnv OlOlKIlOIl l:OU nap8onovoe;, Ol onoloi tnv E~ouolaoav ent 3 alwVEe;. a ~l6Bwpoe; I:lKEnlWl:Ile; avaqlEpEl cxoun rnv unap~1l l:Ej..lEVOUe; l:OU Anonnwvoe; Ol:IlV Bpetuvvtn. {nr1Yrj: /J1JJ1rjtptoc n. /JfJJ16rrounor:;: «H KaraYCtJyrj miv EnnrjvCtJv», aeitic 56, EKO. «Eneu8epll I:KE$le;», A8rjvm 1996).

193

AT}.avTi~ - To MUCJTIK6 TWV MUCJTKWV

------

TEnoe;, 0 APUHOl:Enlle; ow «CPU(JlOYVCtJJ1IKl1» l:OU nnodeiKVUel on Ol 'EnnIlVEe; OEV nocv ~av80i, omoc VOj..li~ouv apKEtOi OUVXPOVOl EPEuvIlWi. AEVEl, nom6v, 0 APlOl:Ol:Enlle; NlKOj..laXOU,· on BnEnEl 1:OV aVBpEio ue xoouo OEpj..lal:Oe; Kat Oql8anj..lwv OUl:E nonu OKOUPO Ioruoc Ol AlVUnnOl xm Ol nEpOEe;) OUl:E xm nonu nvotxto, us tptxec j..lannlWV OKnw pEe; (EVW Ol B6pElOl EXOUV j..lanaK~ tplxu), To nEUK6 Mpj..la Kat W aVOlX1:OvanaVa unnn slvm Vvwpioj..law OElniae;, EVW o suouric 'EnnllV napOUGla~EWl j..lE tpixsc KaOWVEe;, 0 Be xoouioc us uuupouc oql8anj..louc;!

Kat elvm an~8Eta! a nvloxoc l:WV ~EnqlWV sivrn us KUj..lanol:a j..lannla Kat KaOWVOUe; oql8anj..loue;. To avavnuqlo tnc EnEuoivae; j..lE tnv 8Ea ~nj..llll:pa, 1:OV Tpmrofteuo xm tnv K6Pll (E' atwv. n.X], elvtn ue KUj..lanOl:a j..lannla. a ~unlvoe; rtivnxnr; me Koplvflou, uuc VVWG1:OnOlEl on 1:0 rrtouu me nounnc EXOUV urrnn Kal j..lannla KaG1:OVa [slvm 1:OU 60u atWVOC; Kal BpiOKE1:Ol 01:0 MOUGEio A8Ilvwv). a HpaKn~e: ue l:OV nEOV1:O me NEj..lEae: GE aVVElO 60e: uuov. n.X.) 01:0 MouGElO l:1le: MnpEGla sivrn us KaG1:OVa KUj..lanGl:a j..lannla. al OE nlY001:Ol ~av80i 'EnnIlVEC; OEV elxnv OUl:E EXOUV sxelvo 1:0 «~EnnUj..lEVO» xpropn l:WV Bopelrov.

KECI>AAAIO Z'

To AEYTEPO Epro Toy nMTONOI nEPI ATMNTIflOI

'T 0 va cpoBaTal KaVEt!; TOV SavaTO ElVOI n rpovri ovonofo, Olon uoipoto VIa o~OU!; ElVOl TO va TTESaVOUIJE~.

APloT04>6vn~

TO EPrO «KPITIAI»

E m:lB~ oufisnote EXW xoupnoei l:OU~ qJlnou~ Avayvworec Kat AvayvwcrTplE~, Sa ncpoucuioro ru mo onuuvnKa crroorrcouotc nrto TOV BElll:EPO Blanoyo vur U)V xuusvn nnetpo, nou OVOj..la~ETat «Kplfiac;» ~ «ArilaVrtK6c;)).

«KPITIAf: To nperro npawa nou Sa npertst va EXOUj..lE urt' OWlV uuc elvm on rtepuouv 9000 XPOVla, aqJ' Ol:OU EYlVE 0 nonEj..lO~ j..lEm~U TWV avSpwnwv nou ~ouoav E~W ana uc HpaKnElE~ fT~nE~ xm o' cutouc nou E~oucrav cno TIlV ueon nnEupa. AUTOV l:OV nortsuo npoxsum va E~LOl:OP~OW. Apxllyoe; ana H')V ueoo j..lEpla riruv 11 AS~va, 11 onolo BlEUSUVE l:OV norteuo we; TO TEnO~. ApxllYOl nrto rnv E~W napam~1l riouv Ol BamnEl~ TIl~ ATnavdBoe;, vur rnv orroln etneue on ~l:O j..lEyanuTEpa ana rnv "lBUIl Kat TIlV Acrla j..la~L METa TOV «ntnnovnouo E~ mttuc TWV oeioutcv, BIlj..llOUPY~SIlKE napa nonn~ nacrnll nou Ej..lnoBl~El tc nepuouc ooov m~lBEuoUV npoc tnv E~W Sanacrcra. Ta BapBaplKa ESVIl, nomov, Kat tn EnnllvlKa ESvIl49 nou unripxnv TOTE, Sa yvwotortomdouv otnv crUVEXEla Tile; OJ..llnla~ uou onv va napou-

49 AKOIlI1 Kat (HI1V Kilao(HK~ snoxri unnpxov noililu eilill1VlKU e3vI1, OXl 1l0VOV otnv XepOOVI100 tOU AiIlOU, aililu xm otnv M. Aoia, tnv Meol1 Avatoil~, ornv Aiyumo, Otl1V Meooyelo, otov nOVtO to onoto nvrpenv oilo ntnv ilia Kat MONA61KH CJlVi\H tnv EililI1VlK~!

198

AvtaTI7~ KEpaJ.lUOa~

~l(I~OVml J,lE, tnv aElpa nrro rnv nqiuverc. Ala8avoJ,lal, OJ,lW~, l:r)V, avaYKI1 va uvcrpepto {I1V nOnEJ,lIK~ QUvaJ,l11 Kat tn ~Onl{EUJ,lam {WV {O{E A8l1va(wv, onou ru ouotnuutn uutu OEV rtpnvurrrortotrifincnv nora annl1 cpopa nouuevc annou ...

nonno( Kat J,lEyanol KamKnUaJ.lO( EYlvav ornv OlapKEtO {W~ 9:000 ~{WV, ,Olon rooo eivm ru xpovin nou nepuonv ana lO{E J.lEXPI onuepn. E~ mtinc, OJ,lW~, {WV KamKnUaJ,lWv nou npo~anEaav {~aE~ xntuorporpsc, nupeoupuv 1O xeun nou, Ka{E~atVE an~ tn UijJwJ,lam, 1O onolo OBV oxnurmoe KaJ,ll,a a,~IOnOYI1 ~poaxwal1 ornoc vtverm aB annou~ tonouc, anna ncvtn KOlE8atVB am napanla, Kat B~acpavl~omv CJlO ~a80~ {11~ ~anaaaa~. rB orto rn Vilma VOJ,lI~B xuvslc moe ~mv ouv KOKKana appWa{I1J,lEVOU orountoc, noyw lOU on ona {~ xWJ,l~m OIEppEuaav novtou, J,lB cnorefteoun va anOJ,lBlVBI J,lOVOV 0 aKBnB{O~ {11~ xwpa~ ... 0 nponurmouc J,lOU, [\~wn~oa~, ~(XB tn nponotuno vpcrrrn lOU ronwvo~, {~ onour Blv,a~ ttopu CJlI1V KOlOX~ J,lOU, Oto lOUlO Kal tu J,lEnE{l1aa nonu otnv ~J,lOUV natoL.

Dnoc stncus xm rtpiv, yto {I1V Kn~pWal1 nou EYIVE nvuuecu alO~~ 8~ou~, on ol1nao~ uolpuouv OnOKnl1PI1 {I1V YI1, Kat Ol Knl1POI nonv annou J,lByanU{EpOI xm annou J,lIKPO{EPOl. Kat aKOJ,la KamaKBuaaav IEpa xm Ka8lEpwaav 8ua(B~ yto lOV BaU{O lOU~. 0 nOaBIOWV, acpou lOU EnaxB 11 A{navtic, BYKa{Ea{l1aB BKB( tu natOla lOU, tu onoln B(XB anoK{~aBI nrto uro 8vl1{~ vuvnlxu oe Eva J,lEPO~ {11~ vrioou nou Bn cue ~BPlypaijJw B~8u~ aJ,lEOW~, nrinotov {11~ 8ana~DI1~, Kat BVOlaJ,lBaa {11~ vnoou a{11 YOVIJ,lO{EPI1 nBolaoa lOU KODJ,lOU. [\(nna ana {I1V nBolaoa, xm oe uncorcon rrevrivru

199

ATAavrif; - To MUaTIK6 TWV MUaTKWV

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nsptrtou a{aOtO, EV J,lEaW {11~ vncou, unr;pXB svcc J,lIKPO£; nocpo~ eic tOV orroiov KatOIKouaB eva~ uno tOU£; nponouc av8pwnou£; nou BVBVVr;8I1aav uno tnv '1'11· Hto 0 Eur;vwp Kat ~ au~uvo£; tOU 11 I\BuKinnl1, Ol onotoi aneKtl1aav uovov urn KOPI1, {I1V KnB~w. Dtuv 11 8uVatepa tOU£; ecp8aaE DB topn VaJ,lOu, Ol VovBi£; tl1~ ne8avav Kat 0 nOaBlowV nnavuros J,la~( me. Iiu va npoamtetlJBI tnv KnBltwv, OXUPWC)8 tOV nocpo J,lE (EtOlO rpono, watB 0 nocpo£; va V(VBI J,lepo£; ana{l1tO uno av8pwnou£;, acpou annwatE OBV unr;pxav rote OUtB nno(a50. I\ovw tWV 8B'lKWV tOU IKavOtr;tWV, atOnlaE

OJ.lopcpa to KevtplKO EKBlVO vnol.

'ECPEPB QUO EIOWV nl1Va(a vBpa tu onotc epxovtav navw uno tnv '1'11 xm tu anna ano Katw. To eva r;tO ~BDtO xm to anno KPUO, nou EtPBXB ano J,ltO nl1vr;, xm EnetpBijJB mv nnpavwvr; nOlK(nl1£; Kat acp80vl1£; tpocpr;£; uno tnv '1'11· 'EKaJ,lB nEvtB moose o(ouJ,la apaBvlKa nalOla, Kal ornv J,lBVanw- ouv, J,lOlpaaB onl1 tnv AtnavtlOa DB MKa uson. ftov npwtOtOKO tOU npwtOU ~BUVOU£; OIOUJ,lWV eowaB tnv KatOlKla me J,ll1tepa£; tOU J,la~( J,lB rnv nBplOXr;, 11 nnoln r;tO 8auJ,laom, Kal tOV OIOPlCJB 8amnea tWV annwv tOU aOBncpwv. Touc annou~ VIOUe; tOU roue eowDE J,lBVana a~lwJ,lata xm

50 0 KcillilKa~ tOU nnatWVO~ etvm 0 e~~~: 01 npdrtor avSpw1101 tnc Atilavtilio~ Eu~vwP Kat l\euKl11111l elvat 01 aut6xSove~ KatOlKol me. 0 noaellicilv, lillil. 01 'Eililllve~ a1101KOl me vnoou 11avtpeUovtm Ile evt611le~ vuvalKe~, 11eplaa6tepo VIa lil11ilwllatlKou~ il6- vouc. H Kilencil allllaivel to vuvatKeio otoixeto tnc Atilavtilio~. 'Otrrv 0 nilatwV ileVe1 nept npocccotcc tll~ KileltOU~ vupw a116 tOV il6qlO, svvoet tnv 11poataaia tWV AtnavtWV a116 to vupw vnma 110U evliexollevw~ va 110illopK~aouv tOV «l\6qlo» (= Atila-

vtilial.

200

AvtorT]C; KEpaJ1UOac;

KuBEPVOU?av non~ou~ av8pcJmou~ Kat ~Evanll EKtaUIl VIl~. Tov nptororoxo VlO tOU rov OVO"auE Atna uno ,

, ..., onou ovo-

~au81lKE onoKnllPIl 11 vriooc Kat 0 OKEavo~ ~E to liho ovo~~. rtO 6l6u~,0 nou EVEVV~811 a~Euw~ ~Eta tOV nptoto, nou nnps ~~ ~EPl6l~ rnv aKPIl rou vnciou KOVta one HpaKnElE~ rtllnE:, :0 ~EPO~ 61lna6~ tnc xropcc nou ttopn nEVEtat ra6~lPlKIl, ~6WUE to ovoun EU~llno~, onw~ nEVEtat Ennllvueu, ~at ra6Elpo~ omoc nEVEtal UtIlV evromn vnwuua. Tou~ ann~u~ 6l6u~ou~ nou VEvv~8IlKaV ~Eta, tOU~ ovounos t~V EVa A~cp~PIl xm tOV anna Eunlutovn. rtOu~ tpltOU~ 6l6~~ou~ E6wuE to ovouuru «MvIlUEU~» orov rtptoto, Ka~ «AutOx8wv» orov 6EutEpO. Touc 6l6u~ou~ tOU rsruptou ~EUVOU: tOU~ ovoucce Enaumno tOV rrptoto xm M~utopa tOV, 6EutEPO xm nrto to neunro ~EUVO~ ovouuce A~all rov rrporto Kat l\LanpEn~ tOV 6EUtEpO. Ddm tOU~ xnrorsouocv EKEl, onw~ entonc Kat Ol unovovol tOU~ VLa nonnE~ VEVlE~ Kat E~ouma~av nonna anna VIlUl(l oxoprnousvn oro nsrln:O~, ann~ Em nnEOv, onec etncue Kat npiv, E~ouula~av Kal ona rn ~E~1l rtou elvm an' uurri tnv ~Epla tWV rtllnWv ~E~Pl tnv ~lVUTltO Kat rqv Tuppnvln. H VEvla tOU Atnavto~ ~VlVE 6laUIl~1l Kat n~Il~Evll. fur va VlVEl xcvetc BamnEu~ EnpEn~ va Elva~ npWtOtOKO~ Kat napE6l6E tnv apx~ utO~ ~~vanUtEPO uno tOU~ VLOU~ tOU, ~E cnotefteouu va 6latllPIl~OUV rnv BamnEla vur nonnE~ VEVlE~. Ta nftourn nou anEKt,lluaV, 6EV rn nnextnce xuvelc anno~. To BaUlnElo t~U~ EVlVE to lUXUPOtEPO ano ona ro anna, Kat nap' on 11 VIlOO~ roue npo~~8EUE ooo ExpEla~OVtO, nurol EnEKta8,,onv E~n~PlKw~ K~l one an.nE~ XWPE~, CPEpvOVta~ 6lacpopa eunopsuutrru. Ano rnv VIl roue KEp6l~av oon tOU~ riruv 6u-

201

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vntov va EUPOUV, OPUKtO Kat ~Etanno. To ~EtannO EKElVO nou, u~~Epa slvm Eva ovoun uovo, tnv Enoxrl EKelVIl ntuv napanavw ano oVO\la - OPElXanKO~ - Ka~ unrlPXE acp80vo oro unE6a<po~ me vnoou. H v~uo~ eixs nonna 6aull Kal tOU~ E6l6E acp80vIl ~unEia tnv onoln tnv xPllm~onolouuav

oe Ka8E Ei60u~ tEKtOVlKE~ EpvaiE~. 'EtpEcpav ~~Epa Kat aVPLa ~wa. Vn~pxav nonnoi EnEcpaVtE~51, novw me acp80- VIl~ tPOCPrl~ nou ~taV apKEt~ VLa ona tn ~wa. EKtO~ cno tu Euw61l cputa unrlPxav Kat tn KannlEPVIl~EVa ncotovrc me VIl~ Kat anna Ei61l. Vn~pxav cppouta uKnllPa Kat uno tu onotu napEuKEua~ovtO nota Kat cpaVllta. nap~VE uxoun Kat EuxapLUta Emfipoma nou naPIlVOPOUv ~Eta to cpaVlltO, ornv xoptaiVEl «ovetc Kat Koupa~Etat va tpWEl. 'Dna cute, nomOV, 11 lEpa EKEiVIl vnuo~ nou tWPCi EupiuKEtat ere tOV Bu80 me 8anauoa~, nap~VE onspoxc. a~L08au~auta npavuntn Kal os atEnElWtll acp80via. Ta E~OlKOVo~ouuav ona ano tnv 'Ill tOU~ xm KatauKEua~av tOU~ vcouc, tn nanana, m nl~aVla, tOU~ vauuta8~ou~ xm taKtOnOlouoav to unoaomo vlloi ~E tOV E~rl~ rpono: rEcpUpwoav nc VE~atE~ 8anaoua tacppoU~ rtou ntav vupw uno mv nanata MlltPOnonll KataOKEua~ovta~ svn nBpao\la uno EKEi npoc tn BamnlKa avaKtOpa. Ertsrtu, BKtLUaV to nanan sic to ull\lEiov nou EupioKEtO KanOtE 11 KatOlKia tOU 8EOU xm tWV npovovwv roue. 0 Ka8E BamnEU~ tu napEna\lBaVE ano tOV npOKatOXO tOU, Kat otOni~ovta~ tn OtOnlO\lBVa, npoona80uuE va

51 rU1V naveilMvlO EKotpateia uno tOU MevCtilou Aile~avtipou O1:rlV Acto; outiei~ 'Eililnv evvwpl~e Vla to ~wo auto, ssroc ana tOV I1Unl1Evo 'Eililnva Kool10Kpatopa, Vl' cuto Kat ritav 0 noortoc nou nilnoiaoe Evav eilEcpavta xm tOV KtUnnoe ue to 66pu toul