1.

TB02608001E_Tab 35:
A detuned filter provides power factor correction at the fundamental fre-quency
and becomes an inductance at frequencies higher than its tuning point. Most filter
s are tuned below the 5th harmonic. Therefore, the filter provides an inductive
impedance path to those currents at harmonic frequencies created by nearly all t
hree-phase non-linear loads (5th, 7th, 11th, 13th, etc.). Because the filter is
not capacitive at these frequencies, the plant electrical system can no longer r
esonate at these frequencies and can not magnify the harmonic voltages and curre
nts.
A shunt detuned filter therefore accomplishes three things:
-.Provides power factor correction.
-.Prevents harmonic overvoltages due to resonance.
-.Reduces voltage harmonic distortion and transformer harmonic loading at freque
ncies above its tuning point.
2. VI Services.PDF
When a number of harmonic current sources are injecting currents into the supply
and the frequency of one of the harmonics coincides withwith the resonant frequ
ency of the supply transformer and
Power Factor Correction capacitor combination, the system resonates and a large
circulating harmonic current is excited between these components. The result of
this is that a large current at this harmonic flows in the supply transformer,
this resulting in a large harmonic voltage distortion being imposed upon the loa
d voltage.
3. Capacitor Manual.PDF
Series Reactors used for different applications are as under :
a.Inrush suppression Series reactor: It is used to suppress the inrush current d
uring switching of capacitor bank and transients. The series reactor should be o
f rating of 0.2% of the capacitor bank reactance and should be connected on the
neutral end of the capacitor bank.
b.Detuned Series Reactors: The Series Reactor of rating of 6% of the capacitor b
ank reactance in connected on the line end of the capacitor bank. The capacitor
bank and reactor group id tuned 4th harmonic such that it will be inductive at 2
50 Hz and prevent the possibility of occurrence of any resonant condition. This
capacitor will block the higher order of harmonics and protect the capacitor ban
k from harmonics.
c.Tuned Series Reactors (Filter circuit reactor): The Series Reactor is designed
such that the capacitor bank and reactor combination filters out any particular
order of harmonic that is predominant in the system by creating a low impedance
path of the order of harmonic that it predominant. The reactor and capacitors i
n such cases are designed to withstand the overloads due to harmonics. An electr
ical system can be provided with one or more filter circuit depending upon the p
resence of harmonics.
4. Detuned.PDF
When PFC capacitors are connected, the inductance of the transformer together wi
th capacitors form a resonant circuit that could be excited by a harmonic curren
t generated by the load. The resonant circuit has a resonance frequency, and if
harmonic current of this frequency (or close to it) exists, it will lead the cir
cuit into a resonance condition where high current will flow through the branche
s (L: the transformer, and C: the capacitor bank), overloading them and raising
the voltage across them and across the whole electrical system that is connected
in parallel.
PFC detuned filtering is a technique to correct the power factor avoiding the ri
sk of resonance condition performed by shifting the resonance frequency to lower
values where no harmonic currents are present.

This is achieved by modifying the basic LC circuit formed by the transformer and
the capacitor banks, introducing a filter reactor in series with the capacitors
, making this way a more complex resonant circuit but with esired feature of hav
ing a resonance frequency below the first existing harmonic. This way it is not
possible to have a real resonance condition.
Besides this main objective, the reactor connected in series with the capacitors
form a series resonant circuit with a certain tuning frequency at which the br
anch will offer a low impedance path. Filtering of harmonic currents and cleaning
of the gird will be achieved.
Components for PFC detuned filters must be carefully selected according to the d
esired PFC purpose, to the harmonic present in the system, to some features of t
he system like short circuit power and impedances, to the desired filtering effe
ct and to the characteristics of the resonant circuit configured. For example, t
he voltage across the capacitors will be higher than the nominal grid voltage wh
en they have a reactor connected in series.
The reactors must be selected in line with the inductance value to obtain the de
sired tuning frequency and the current capability high enough for the harmonic c
urrent absorption that can be expected. Tuning frequency is usually indirectly r
eferred to as the detuning factor p and expressed as a percentage. (Value will b
e in 5.67or 7 or 14)
If De-tuned reactor is described as 7%, infers that the reactor reactance is 7%
of the capacitor reactance at the fundamental frequency.
5. Primer 4 cas 5.PDF:
Because the reactance of a capacitor is inversely proportional to frequency, har
monic currents can find their way in to the capacitor bank. The capacitor bank a
cts as a sink, absorbing stray harmonic currents causing overloads and subsequen
t failure of the bank.
A more serious condition with potential for substantial damage occurs due to a p
henomenon called harmonic resonance. Resonance conditions are created when the i
nductive and capacitive reactances become equal at one of the harmonic frequenci
es.