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The Grand Bargain

is Dead
The Compensation
of State Government
Workers Far Exceeds
Their Private-Sector
Neighbors

The Ohio Public Employees

Retirement System building on
East Town Street in Columbus.
 THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY SOLUTIONS

The Grand Bargain

is Dead
The Compensation of State Government Workers
Far Exceeds Their Private-Sector Neighbors
Menu of Cost Savings By
Matt Mayer

Research Conducted By
Matthew Marlin, Ph.D., Jonathon Scott, and Kaitlyn Wolf
Duquesne University

July 2010
The Grand Bargain is Dead iii

Table of Contents
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The Grand Bargain is Dead 

By MATT MAYER

Why This Report Matters to You

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The Grand Bargain is Dead 3

Executive Summary and Menu of Cost Savings

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 THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE

 
W
 


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2013 26 $39,605.38 $39,605.38
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increases and longevity pay, until private- 2015 28 $44,618.44 $42,557.55
sector pay catches up with government pay 2016 29 $47,541.49 $44,115.15
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2032 45 $125,490.95 $78,409.21
2033 46 $130,083.91 $81,278.98
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The Grand Bargain is Dead 5

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http://www.das.ohio.gov/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=NShJQu5wa7k=&tabid=173
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http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/
local_news/stories/2010/06/20/copy/pension-rules-allow-educators-to-double-dip.html
+VOF



 THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE

Option 6: Savings from Reducing Employer Pension Match

Year Age Wage Pension Pension (Revised) Yearly Cost Savings
2009 22 $36,857.58 $5,160.06 $1,842.88 $3,317.18
2010 23 $36,858.00 $5,160.12 $1,842.90 $3,317.22
2011 24 $36,858.00 $5,160.12 $1,842.90 $3,317.22
2012 25 $38,207.00 $5,348.98 $1,910.35 $3,438.63
2013 26 $39,605.38 $5,544.75 $1,980.27 $3,564.48
2014 27 $41,976.38 $5,876.69 $2,098.82 $3,777.87
2015 28 $44,618.44 $6,246.58 $2,230.92 $4,015.66
2016 29 $47,541.49 $6,655.81 $2,377.07 $4,278.73
2017 30 $50,755.81 $7,105.81 $2,537.79 $4,568.02
2018 31 $54,272.07 $7,598.09 $2,713.60 $4,884.49
2019 32 $58,101.31 $8,134.18 $2,905.07 $5,229.12
2020 33 $62,254.98 $8,715.70 $3,112.75 $5,602.95
2021 34 $66,744.97 $9,344.30 $3,337.25 $6,007.05
2022 35 $71,583.58 $10,021.70 $3,579.18 $6,442.52
2023 36 $76,783.57 $10,749.70 $3,839.18 $6,910.52
2024 37 $82,358.17 $11,530.14 $4,117.91 $7,412.24
2025 38 $88,321.09 $12,364.95 $4,416.05 $7,948.90
2026 39 $94,686.53 $13,256.11 $4,734.33 $8,521.79
2027 40 $101,469.24 $14,205.69 $5,073.46 $9,132.23
2028 41 $108,684.49 $15,215.83 $5,434.22 $9,781.60
2029 42 $112,662.34 $15,772.73 $5,633.12 $10,139.61
2030 43 $116,785.79 $16,350.01 $5,839.29 $10,510.72
2031 44 $121,060.14 $16,948.42 $6,053.01 $10,895.41
2032 45 $125,490.95 $17,568.73 $6,274.55 $11,294.19
2033 46 $130,083.91 $18,211.75 $6,504.20 $11,707.55
2034 47 $134,844.99 $18,878.30 $6,742.25 $12,136.05
2035 48 $139,780.31 $19,569.24 $6,989.02 $12,580.23
2036 49 $144,896.27 $20,285.48 $7,244.81 $13,040.66
2037 50 $150,199.48 $21,027.93 $7,509.97 $13,517.95
2038 51 $155,696.78 $21,797.55 $7,784.84 $14,012.71
Total $2,570,039.03 $359,805.46 $128,501.95 $231,303.51
The Grand Bargain is Dead 7

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8 THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE

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2012–2013 Potential Budget Savings

Options 1 & 2:
Wage (Indexed, Option 6: Option 4: Option 5:
Year Age No Longevity) Pension Health Sick Leave Total
2009 22 $29,586.00 $1,479.30 $8,783.00 $395.00 $40,243.30
2010 23 $30,313.82 $1,515.69 $9,222.15 $404.72 $41,456.37
2011 24 $31,059.54 $1,552.98 $9,683.26 $414.67 $42,710.44
2012 25 $31,823.60 $1,591.18 $10,167.42 $424.87 $44,007.07
2013 26 $32,606.46 $1,630.32 $10,675.79 $435.33 $45,347.90
2014 27 $33,408.58 $1,670.43 $11,209.58 $446.03 $46,734.62
2015 28 $34,230.43 $1,711.52 $11,770.06 $457.01 $48,169.02
2016 29 $35,072.50 $1,753.62 $12,358.56 $468.25 $49,652.94
2017 30 $35,935.28 $1,796.76 $12,976.49 $479.77 $51,188.31
2018 31 $36,819.29 $1,840.96 $13,625.32 $491.57 $52,777.14
2019 32 $37,725.05 $1,886.25 $14,306.58 $503.66 $54,421.54
2020 33 $38,653.08 $1,932.65 $15,021.91 $516.05 $56,123.70
2021 34 $39,603.95 $1,980.20 $15,773.01 $528.75 $57,885.90
2022 35 $40,578.20 $2,028.91 $16,561.66 $541.76 $59,710.53
2023 36 $41,576.43 $2,078.82 $17,389.74 $555.08 $61,600.07
2024 37 $42,599.21 $2,129.96 $18,259.23 $568.74 $63,557.13
2025 38 $43,647.15 $2,182.36 $19,172.19 $582.73 $65,584.42
2026 39 $44,720.87 $2,236.04 $20,130.80 $597.06 $67,684.77
2027 40 $45,821.00 $2,291.05 $21,137.34 $611.75 $69,861.14
2028 41 $46,948.20 $2,347.41 $22,194.20 $626.80 $72,116.61
2029 42 $48,103.12 $2,405.16 $23,303.91 $642.22 $74,454.41
2030 43 $49,286.46 $2,464.32 $24,469.11 $658.02 $76,877.91
2031 44 $50,498.91 $2,524.95 $25,692.56 $674.21 $79,390.62
2032 45 $51,741.18 $2,587.06 $26,977.19 $690.79 $81,996.23
2033 46 $53,014.01 $2,650.70 $28,326.05 $707.79 $84,698.55
2034 47 $54,318.16 $2,715.91 $29,742.36 $725.20 $87,501.62
2035 48 $55,654.39 $2,782.72 $31,229.47 $743.04 $90,409.61
2036 49 $57,023.48 $2,851.17 $32,790.95 $761.32 $93,426.92
2037 50 $58,426.26 $2,921.31 $34,430.49 $780.04 $96,558.11
2038 51 $59,863.55 $2,993.18 $36,152.02 $799.23 $99,807.98
2039 52 $61,336.19 $3,066.81 $37,959.62 $818.89 $103,181.51
2040 53 $62,845.06 $3,142.25 $39,857.60 $839.04 $106,683.95
2041 54 $64,391.05 $3,219.55 $41,850.48 $859.68 $110,320.76
2042 55 $65,975.07 $3,298.75 $43,943.00 $880.83 $114,097.65
2043 56 $67,598.06 $3,379.90 $46,140.16 $902.50 $118,020.61
2044 57 $69,260.97 $3,463.05 $48,447.16 $924.70 $122,095.88
 THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE

2012–2013 Potential Budget Savings (cont.)

Options 1 & 2:
Wage (Indexed, Option 6: Option 4: Option 5:
Year Age No Longevity) Pension Health Sick Leave Total
2045 58 $70,964.79 $3,548.24 $50,869.52 $947.44 $126,329.99
2046 59 $72,710.52 $3,635.53 $53,413.00 $970.75 $130,729.80
2047 60 $74,499.20 $3,724.96 $56,083.65 $994.63 $135,302.44
2048 61 $76,331.88 $3,816.59 $58,887.83 $1,019.10 $140,055.40
2049 62 $78,209.64 $3,910.48 $61,832.22 $1,044.17 $144,996.52
2050 63 $80,133.60 $4,006.68 $64,923.83 $1,069.86 $150,133.97
2051 64 $82,104.89 $4,105.24 $68,170.02 $1,096.17 $155,476.33
2052 65 $84,124.67 $4,206.23 $71,578.52 $1,123.14 $161,032.57
2053 66 $86,194.14 $4,309.71 $75,157.45 $1,150.77 $166,812.06
2054 67 $88,314.51 $4,415.73 $78,915.32 $1,179.08 $172,824.64
Total $2,475,652.39 $123,782.62 $1,481,561.79 $33,052.21 $4,114,049.01
Cost Retire at 52 $1,279,380.88 $295,272.56 $101,585.00 $93,276.34 $1,769,514.78
Savings Retire at 67 $3,522,386.37 $715,942.81 $257,919.62 $224,859.58 $4,721,108.37

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 THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE

Table 1A Comparative Hourly Wages

By Earnings Percentile

PRIVATE GOVERNMENT
10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th
2003 $10.56 $13.11 $16.23 $20.56 $24.61 $14.26 $16.08 $19.08 $26.19 $33.95
2004 $10.79 $13.44 $16.88 $21.31 $25.96 $14.26 $16.00 $18.88 $25.74 $33.66
2005 $10.81 $13.70 $16.97 $21.43 $26.00 $14.70 $16.64 $19.55 $26.80 $34.97
2006 $10.97 $13.55 $17.38 $22.07 $26.88 $15.27 $17.14 $20.13 $27.42 $36.24
2007 $11.28 $14.11 $18.04 $22.95 $27.45 $16.00 $18.21 $21.80 $30.05 $38.05
2008 $11.64 $14.46 $18.33 $23.80 $28.75 $16.60 $19.06 $22.84 $31.70 $39.38

Table 1B Comparative Annual Wages

By Earnings Percentile

PRIVATE GOVERNMENT
10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th
2003 $21,965 $27,269 $33,758 $42,765 $51,189 $29,661 $33,446 $39,686 $54,475 $70,616
2004 $22,433 $27,945 $35,110 $44,314 $53,986 $29,661 $33,280 $39,270 $53,539 $70,013
2005 $22,474 $28,486 $35,298 $44,574 $54,080 $30,576 $34,611 $40,664 $55,744 $72,729
2006 $22,807 $28,184 $36,150 $45,907 $55,900 $31,762 $35,651 $41,870 $57,034 $75,379
2007 $23,452 $29,349 $37,523 $47,736 $57,096 $33,280 $37,877 $45,344 $62,504 $79,144
2008 $24,211 $30,077 $38,126 $49,504 $59,800 $34,528 $39,645 $47,507 $65,936 $81,910

Table 1C Comparative Annual Wage Increases

By Earnings Percentile

PRIVATE GOVERNMENT
10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th
2004 2.13% 2.48% 4.00% 3.62% 5.47% 0.00% -0.50% -1.05% -1.72% -0.85%
2005 0.19% 1.94% 0.53% 0.59% 0.17% 3.09% 4.00% 3.55% 4.12% 3.88%
2006 1.48% -1.06% 2.42% 2.99% 3.37% 3.88% 3.00% 2.97% 2.31% 3.64%
2007 2.83% 4.13% 3.80% 3.98% 2.14% 4.78% 6.24% 8.30% 9.59% 4.99%
2008 3.24% 2.48% 1.61% 3.70% 4.74% 3.75% 4.67% 5.00% 5.49% 3.50%
The Grand Bargain is Dead 

Chart 1 State Government Employees Earn More than Comparable

Private Sector Workers Across the Entire Earnings Spectrum
Annual Wages, by Earnings Percentile

10th 25th 50th 75th 90th

Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile
$90,000
$81,910
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Private Sector
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+VOF



 THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE

Table 2 Comparative Wages by Job Description

State Job Code Description Hourly Comparative Private Job Description Hourly
Rate (SOC Code in parenthesis) Rate

Administrative Assistant 2 $22.81

Executive secretaries and administrative
Administrative Secretary $22.86 $16.09
assistants (43–6011)
Executive Secretary 2 $22.81

Administrative Staff $22.85 First-line supervisors/managers of office $19.83

and administrative support workers
(43–1011)

Automotive Technician $22.83 Automotive service technicians and $15.83

mechanics (49–3023)

Building Maintenance Supt 1 $22.81 First-line supervisors/managers of house- $16.37

keeping and janitorial workers (37–1011)

Librarian 1 (Non-Degreed) $22.84 Library technicians (25–4031) $13.52

Licensed Practical Nurse $22.82 Licensed practical and licensed $16.50

vocational nurses (29–2061)

Paralegal/Legal Assistant 1 $22.81 Paralegals and legal assistants (23–2011) $18.39

Word Processing Supervisor 2 $22.81 First-line supervisors/managers of office $18.58

and administrative support workers
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The Grand Bargain is Dead 

Table 3 Total Annual Cost of the Median Employee

Compensation State Employee Private Employee Difference

Wages $47,507 $38,126 $9,381
Retirement $6,651 $1,906 $4,745
Health $10,312 $8,783 $1,529
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+VOF



 THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE

Table 4A Total Lifetime Cost of the Median Employee to Age 67

(Not Discounted)
Compensation State Employee Private Employee Difference
Wages $5,998,039 $2,360,323 $3,637,716
Retirement $839,725 $118,016 $721,709
Health $1,739,481 $1,481,562 $257,920
Sick Pay $257,912 $31,512 $226,399
Total $8,835,157 $3,991,413 $4,843,744

Table 4B Total Lifetime Cost of the Median Employee to Age 67

(Discounted Present Value)
Compensation State Employee Private Employee Difference
Wages $2,090,816 $947,113 $1,143,702
Retirement $292,714 $47,356 $245,359
Health $593,074 $505,137 $87,937
Sick Pay $89,901 $12,645 $77,256
Total $3,066,505 $1,512,250 $1,554,255

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The Grand Bargain is Dead 

Table 5A Total Lifetime Cost of the Median Employee for

30 Years Service (Not Discounted)
Compensation State Employee Private Employee Difference
Wages $2,570,039 $1,231,544 $1,338,495
Retirement $359,805 $61,577 $298,228
Health $685,117 $583,532 $101,585
Sick Pay $110,508 $16,442 $94,066
Total $3,725,470 $1,893,096 $1,832,374

Table 5B Total Lifetime Cost of the Median Employee for

30 Years Service (Not Discounted)
Compensation State Employee Private Employee Difference
Wages $1,313,864 $688,790 $625,074
Retirement $183,941 $34,440 $149,501
Health $356,627 $303,749 $52,878
Sick Pay $56,492 $9,196 $47,296
Total $1,910,924 $1,036,174 $874,750

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 THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE

Attachment A Median Wage Job Description

State Job Code Description Hourly Rate State Job Code Description Hourly Rate
Administrative Assistant 2 $22.81 Librarian 1 (Non-Degreed) $22.84
Administrative Secretary $22.86 Licensed Practical Nurse $22.82
Executive Secretary 2 $22.81 Paralegal/Legal Assistant 1 $22.81
Administrative Staff $22.85 Penal Workshop Superintendent $22.81
Automotive Technician $22.83 Qualified Mental Retard Profes $22.84
Building Maintenance Supt 1 $22.81 Radio Technician 2 $22.83
Correction Lieutenant $22.84 Records Management Supervisor $22.81
Correctional Commissary Mgr $22.81 Residential Care Supervisor 1 $22.81
Correctional Food Srvc Mgr 1 $22.81 Restoration Mason $22.83
Crime Victims' Claims Investig $22.84 Tax Auditor Agent 1 $22.86
Enforcement Agent $22.83 Transportation Manager 1 $22.86
Human Capital Mgt Analyst $22.86 Word Processing Supervisor 2 $22.81
Judicial Employee $22.85

Chart 2 Annual Costs of State and Private Employees

Median Employees, Beginning at Age 22 in 2009 and Ending at Age 67 in 2054
$500,000

$420,027
$400,000 in 2054
(Cumulative
State Cost: $8.84
Employees million)
$300,000 The cost of the median
state worker after
22 years exceeds the
cost of the median
$200,000 private sector worker
after 45 years. $168,370
$173,379 in 2054
(Cumulative
$100,000 Cost: $3.99
Private million)
Employees

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2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2054
The Grand Bargain is Dead 

Attachment B Total Lifetime Cost of the Median State Employee

Year Age Wage Pension Heath Sick Total PV of Total

2009 22 $36,858 $5,160 $10,312 $1,581 $53,911 $53,911
2010 23 $36,858 $5,160 $10,828 $1,585 $54,431 $52,337
2011 24 $36,858 $5,160 $11,369 $1,585 $54,972 $50,825
2012 25 $38,207 $5,349 $11,937 $1,643 $57,136 $50,794
2013 26 $39,605 $5,545 $12,534 $1,703 $59,387 $50,765
2014 27 $41,976 $5,877 $13,161 $1,805 $62,819 $51,633
2015 28 $44,618 $6,247 $13,819 $1,919 $66,603 $52,637
2016 29 $47,541 $6,656 $14,510 $2,044 $70,752 $53,765
2017 30 $50,756 $7,106 $15,236 $2,182 $75,280 $55,006
2018 31 $54,272 $7,598 $15,997 $2,334 $80,201 $56,348
2019 32 $58,101 $8,134 $16,797 $2,498 $85,531 $57,782
2020 33 $62,255 $8,716 $17,637 $2,677 $91,285 $59,297
2021 34 $66,745 $9,344 $18,519 $2,870 $97,478 $60,885
2022 35 $71,584 $10,022 $19,445 $3,078 $104,128 $62,537
2023 36 $76,784 $10,750 $20,417 $3,302 $111,252 $64,245
2024 37 $82,358 $11,530 $21,438 $3,541 $118,868 $66,003
2025 38 $88,321 $12,365 $22,510 $3,798 $126,994 $67,803
2026 39 $94,687 $13,256 $23,635 $4,072 $135,649 $69,639
2027 40 $101,469 $14,206 $24,817 $4,363 $144,855 $71,505
2028 41 $108,684 $15,216 $26,058 $4,673 $154,632 $73,395
2029 42 $112,662 $15,773 $27,361 $4,844 $160,640 $73,314
2030 43 $116,786 $16,350 $28,729 $5,022 $166,886 $73,235
2031 44 $121,060 $16,948 $30,165 $5,206 $173,379 $73,158
2032 45 $125,491 $17,569 $31,674 $5,396 $180,129 $73,083
2033 46 $130,084 $18,212 $33,257 $5,594 $187,147 $73,010
2034 47 $134,845 $18,878 $34,920 $5,798 $194,442 $72,938
2035 48 $139,780 $19,569 $36,666 $6,011 $202,026 $72,869
2036 49 $144,896 $20,285 $38,499 $6,231 $209,912 $72,801
2037 50 $150,199 $21,028 $40,424 $6,459 $218,110 $72,735
2038 51 $155,697 $21,798 $42,446 $6,695 $226,635 $72,671
2039 52 $161,395 $22,595 $44,568 $6,940 $235,498 $72,609
2040 53 $167,302 $23,422 $46,796 $7,194 $244,715 $72,548
2041 54 $173,426 $24,280 $49,136 $7,457 $254,299 $72,490
2042 55 $179,773 $25,168 $51,593 $7,730 $264,264 $72,433
2043 56 $186,353 $26,089 $54,173 $8,013 $274,628 $72,379
2044 57 $193,173 $27,044 $56,881 $8,306 $285,405 $72,326
2045 58 $200,243 $28,034 $59,725 $8,610 $296,613 $72,275
2046 59 $207,572 $29,060 $62,711 $8,926 $308,269 $72,227
2047 60 $215,169 $30,124 $65,847 $9,252 $320,392 $72,180
2048 61 $223,045 $31,226 $69,139 $9,591 $333,001 $72,135
2049 62 $231,208 $32,369 $72,596 $9,942 $346,115 $72,092
2050 63 $239,670 $33,554 $76,226 $10,306 $359,756 $72,051
2051 64 $248,442 $34,782 $80,037 $10,683 $373,945 $72,012
2052 65 $257,535 $36,055 $84,039 $11,074 $388,703 $71,976
2053 66 $266,961 $37,375 $88,241 $11,479 $404,056 $71,941
2054 67 $276,732 $38,742 $92,653 $11,899 $420,027 $71,908
Total $5,998,039 $839,725 $1,739,481 $257,912 $8,835,157 $3,066,505
 THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE

Attachment C Total Lifetime Cost of the Median Private Employee

Year Age Wage Pension Heath Sick Total PV of Total

2009 22 $29,586 $1,479 $8,783 $395 $40,243 $40,243
2010 23 $29,586 $1,479 $9,222 $395 $40,683 $39,118
2011 24 $29,586 $1,479 $9,683 $395 $41,144 $38,040
2012 25 $30,314 $1,516 $10,167 $405 $42,402 $37,695
2013 26 $31,060 $1,553 $10,676 $415 $43,703 $37,358
2014 27 $31,824 $1,591 $11,210 $425 $45,049 $37,027
2015 28 $32,607 $1,630 $11,770 $435 $46,442 $36,704
2016 29 $33,409 $1,670 $12,359 $446 $47,884 $36,388
2017 30 $34,231 $1,712 $12,976 $457 $49,376 $36,078
2018 31 $35,073 $1,754 $13,625 $468 $50,920 $35,776
2019 32 $35,935 $1,797 $14,307 $480 $52,519 $35,480
2020 33 $36,819 $1,841 $15,022 $492 $54,174 $35,190
2021 34 $37,725 $1,886 $15,773 $504 $55,888 $34,908
2022 35 $38,653 $1,933 $16,562 $516 $57,664 $34,631
2023 36 $39,604 $1,980 $17,390 $529 $59,503 $34,361
2024 37 $40,578 $2,029 $18,259 $542 $61,408 $34,098
2025 38 $41,577 $2,079 $19,172 $555 $63,383 $33,841
2026 39 $42,599 $2,130 $20,131 $569 $65,429 $33,589
2027 40 $43,647 $2,182 $21,137 $583 $67,550 $33,344
2028 41 $44,721 $2,236 $22,194 $597 $69,748 $33,106
2029 42 $45,821 $2,291 $23,304 $612 $72,028 $32,873
2030 43 $46,948 $2,347 $24,469 $627 $74,392 $32,646
2031 44 $48,103 $2,405 $25,693 $642 $76,843 $32,424
2032 45 $49,287 $2,464 $26,977 $658 $79,386 $32,209
2033 46 $50,499 $2,525 $28,326 $674 $82,024 $31,999
2034 47 $51,741 $2,587 $29,742 $691 $84,762 $31,795
2035 48 $53,014 $2,651 $31,229 $708 $87,602 $31,597
2036 49 $54,318 $2,716 $32,791 $725 $90,550 $31,404
2037 50 $55,655 $2,783 $34,430 $743 $93,611 $31,217
2038 51 $57,024 $2,851 $36,152 $761 $96,788 $31,035
2039 52 $58,426 $2,921 $37,960 $780 $100,087 $30,859
2040 53 $59,864 $2,993 $39,858 $799 $103,514 $30,688
2041 54 $61,336 $3,067 $41,850 $819 $107,073 $30,522
2042 55 $62,845 $3,142 $43,943 $839 $110,770 $30,361
2043 56 $64,391 $3,220 $46,140 $860 $114,611 $30,206
2044 57 $65,975 $3,299 $48,447 $881 $118,602 $30,056
2045 58 $67,598 $3,380 $50,870 $902 $122,750 $29,910
2046 59 $69,261 $3,463 $53,413 $925 $127,062 $29,770
2047 60 $70,965 $3,548 $56,084 $947 $131,544 $29,635
2048 61 $72,711 $3,636 $58,888 $971 $136,205 $29,505
2049 62 $74,499 $3,725 $61,832 $995 $141,051 $29,379
2050 63 $76,332 $3,817 $64,924 $1,019 $146,092 $29,259
2051 64 $78,210 $3,910 $68,170 $1,044 $151,335 $29,143
2052 65 $80,134 $4,007 $71,579 $1,070 $156,789 $29,032
2053 66 $82,105 $4,105 $75,157 $1,096 $162,464 $28,926
2054 67 $84,125 $4,206 $78,915 $1,123 $168,370 $28,825
Total $2,360,323 $118,016 $1,481,562 $31,512 $3,991,413 $1,512,250
The Grand Bargain is Dead 

About the Authors

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