Adaptive

algorithm

Error signal

Editorial Guide
ITE
QTE
Input
distorted
data I
TM
QTM
A/D converters

Preparing for 100G

T T T T
today,
greater
C0 C1 C2 C3 C4
capacity
tomorrow

Decision Recovered
output
circuit
The move to 100-Gbps technology
in
data
(Adder)
carrier networks is well underway. But

with systems now available from multiple

Adaptive equalizer
(n
tap digital
FIR filter)
vendors,
carriers
must evaluate their
options wisely. Part of sorting out the
different approaches is ensuring that
the 100G platform you buy today offers a

sponsored by:

clear path to even greater bandwidth in

the future.

Coherent DWDM
technology for
high-speed optical
communications

10

Making the jump

to 100G

16

The path
beyond 100G

Coherent DWDM technology

for high-speed optical
communications
The pairing of DP-QPSK and coherent detection has
ushered in the era of 100-Gbps transmission. But will
coherent technology also support higher data rates?
by ROSS SAUNDERS

o keep pace with the rapidly growing volumes of data-network

traffic driven by the growth of the Internet, service providers are

always looking to increase the fiber capacity and wavelength spectral
efficiency in their networks.

Typical DWDM networks of today employ 50-GHz channel spacing, according to

the ITU-T G.694.1 international standard. At 10 Gbps, data-rate spectral efficiency
was not a major concern, and the simple on/off keying (OOK) modulation format
was adequate for operation on the 50-GHz DWDM grid. At 40 Gbps, the spectral
width of the signal is 4X larger for OOK, yielding a signal spectral width too wide
to fit through 50-GHz channel spacing optical filters without inducing excessive
penalties. So system and transponder developers investigated alternative
modulation schemes to enable 40-Gbps propagation over the same 50-GHz
DWDM grid. These techniques included phase-shaped binary transmission
(PSBT), differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), and dual-polarization quadrature
phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK).

PSBT and DPSK offer increased spectral efficiency over OOK, while still coding
1 bit per symbol. DP-QPSK, on the other hand, codes 4 bits per symbol (in-phase
and quadrature phase components of each polarization tributary). Coding more
bits/symbol, enabled by the advent of digital coherent transmission, reduces the
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Coherent DWDM technology for high-speed optical communications

Tx

432-Gbps Grey
[32-Gbaud]
inputs
TE

MZII

Grey

MZIQ

Grey

MZII

CW PBS
laser

TM
Grey

90 hybrid
(phase/polarization
diversity)

Balanced
photodiode
Balanced
photodiode
Balanced
photodiode

Local
oscillator

FIGURE 1. 128-Gbps

Iout

/2

MZIQ

Rx
Iin

/2

432-Gbps
[32-Gbaud]
outputs
ADC/DSP

Balanced
photodiode
DP-QPSK Tx/Rx implementation.

spectral width of the signal (to first order proportional to the baud rate). In fact,
DP-QPSK is so spectrally efficient that it can propagate a data rate of 127 Gbps
through many cascaded 50-GHz optical filters such as reconfigurable optical
add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs). This higher 127-Gbps data rate not only allows
payload transport of 100-Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) traffic, but also OTU4 link
management overhead and 20% overhead soft-decision forward error correction
(SD-FEC) for high-performance applications.

Therefore, 100-Gbps transmission using DP-QPSK promises a good modulation

format fit for DWDM networks operating on a 50-GHz grid. This promise was
observed several years ago, which led the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) to
make DP-QPSK its recommended modulation format for 100-Gbps line systems.
The OIFs recommendation focused investment and multisource agreements at
the optical-component-and-module level and created an ecosystem that should
accelerate network adoption of 100G DP-QPSK transmission.

Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Coherent DWDM technology for high-speed optical communications

Looking to the future, as Internet growth continues with expanding services such
as high-definition video, mobile broadband, and telecommuting, the question
is, how will optical transmission technology keep pace? Learning from other
telecommunications fields such as wireless, satellite, radio, and DSL broadband
access, we can say that all these media use coherent transmission and all
increase transmission rates and spectral efficiency by coding more bits per
symbol. For optical-fiber technology development, we should surely follow the
lead from these other telecommunications industries.
But we in optics face some fundamental and unique challenges that make our life
difficult:
:: O
 peration at the bleeding-edge electronics speed of >100 Gbps for the key
technologies such as ADC/DAC/DSP/FEC/RF electronics/electro-optics.
:: O
 ptical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) requirements become tough, since
Shannons Limit dictates that as we increase spectral efficiency via higher order
modulation, we need more OSNR.
:: F
 iber nonlinearity poses a major obstacle, as high-density signal constellations
such as M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) are very sensitive to
phase errors due to nonlinear phase noise and cross phase modulation.
Although these challenges appear daunting and formidable, it would be unwise
to bet against human engineering ingenuity given time and money as history has
proven. This area of optical communications research will be extremely fertile
over the next decade and beyond.
100-Gbps DP-QPSK implementation

The basic functional block diagrams for an optical coherent detection modulation
scheme, with control of the amplitude of both in-phase (I) and quadrature phase
(Q) components of the modulated signal, are shown in Figure 1. DP-QPSK codes
4 bits per symbol (for the I and Q components of each polarization multiplexed
tributary), yielding a symbol rate of 32 Gbaud. The transmit side consists of
nested Mach Zehnder modulator structures. The coherent receiver requires
mixing the received signal light with a tunable-laser local oscillator. Polarization
beam splitters and optical phase hybrids are included in the receive structure to
provide polarization and phase diversity.

Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Coherent DWDM technology for high-speed optical communications

Adaptive
algorithm

Error signal
+

ITE
QTE
Input
distorted
data I
TM

C0

C1

C2

C3

C4
Decision
circuit

(Adder)

Recovered
output
data

QTM
A/D converters
FIGURE 2. Building

Adaptive equalizer
(n tap digital FIR filter)

blocks of a digital coherent receiver.

A key advantage is that the carrier phase estimator, polarization, and I&Q
demultiplexing are all achieved in the electronic domain using very fast analogto-digital converters (ADCs) and digital signal processing (DSP). This approach
alleviates the traditional problem with optical coherent technology since this
design does not require a highly stable optical phase-locked loop (PLL).
The critical enabling technology in this design is the digital coherent receiver (see
Figure 2). The distorted signal coming from the four balanced photodiodes is first
quantized using quad ADCs. The adaptive equalizer in the DSP then provides the
equalization of CD, PMD, ROADM filtering distortion, and unwanted S21 transfer
function imperfections in the Tx/Rx electro-optic drive chains.
Another critical enabling technology is next generation SD-FEC, enabling up to
3-dB higher coding gain than current state-of-the-art FEC. An FEC algorithm
called low-density parity check (LDPC) is used, with increased overhead and softdecision decoding of the input.

DP-QPSK at 100 Gbps offers the ultimate in optical performance and meets all
the key market requirements dictated by large carriers. The challenge is that
this modulation scheme is a much more complex than previous generations of
optical transport equipment have used.
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Coherent DWDM technology for high-speed optical communications

Bit rate (Gbps)

1,000
25 Gbaud
33 Gbaud
50 Gbaud
100 Gbaud

900
800

PM-512QAM
PM-16QAM

700

400
300
200
100

PM-256QAM
PM-128QAM

PM-8QAM

600
500

PM-1024QAM

PM-32QAM

PM-64QAM

PM-32QAM

PM-1024QAM

PM-512QAM
PM-256QAM

PM-1024QAM
PM-512QAM
PM-QPSK PM-16QAM PM-64QAM
PM-256QAM
PM-128QAM
PM-32QAM
PM-8QAM
PM-64QAM
PM-16QAM
PM-32QAM
PM-QPSK PM-PSK PM-8QAM PM-16QAM
PM-QPSK
PM-8QAM
PM-PSK
PM-QPSK
PM-PSK
PM-PSK

0
5

10

15

20

PM-128QAM

25

30

35

40

OSNR sensitivity (dB/0.1 nm)

FIGURE 3. M-QAM

bit rate versus OSNR sensitivity tradeoff.

Both the electronic and photonic complexity increases substantially, creating a

design challenge in terms of cost, manufacturability, reliability, and footprint.
The industry approach to tackling this challenge has been to develop
components with a high level of electronic and photonic integration.
Beyond 100 Gbps
A high data rate can be achieved by coding multiple bits/symbol and using
coherent detection and M-QAM modulation format. Present day optical transport
data rates are limited by electronics speed; M-QAM enables data rates many
multiples higher than the electronics speed. Although the use of QAM is well
known in other industries like satellite and wireless communications, it has not
been implemented to date for optical transmission.

A novel advantage of using M-QAM in DSP is that by enabling programmable

Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Coherent DWDM technology for high-speed optical communications

modulation (e.g., from QPSK to 256QAM), the bit rate transmitted can be traded
for optical reach, maximizing the data rate for any given link length and
distortion properties of the channel. This capability is analogous to rate-adaptive
DSL modems that maximize the data rate over local copper connections from
local office to customer premises using a training sequence at installation.
Denser M-QAM constellations result in lower OSNR sensitivity and higher
nonlinear distortion, resulting in reduced reach. Figure 3 shows the theoretical
OSNR sensitivity achievable for different baud rates and M-QAM constellations. It
should be noted that the achievable spectral efficiency is directly correlated with
the number of coded symbols and the spectral width is directly correlated with
the baud rate. For example, PM-16QAM@50 Gbaud and PM-256QAM@25 Gbaud
both support 400-Gbps data throughput, but PM-16QAM@50 Gbaud occupies twice
the spectral bandwidth.
In addition to the challenging OSNR levels required for M-QAM optical
transmission, M-QAM is more sensitive to nonlinear phase noise and distortion,
so fiber nonlinearity poses a major obstacle to transmission distance. Thats an
active area for further study. Reducing nonlinearity by using more distributed
optical amplification such as Raman amplification or more EDFAs will help reduce
peak power and hence nonlinear distortion.
The key optical component to help reduce nonlinearity is the optical fiber itself.
New optical fibers with reduced attenuation, reduced nonlinear coefficient
(n2), and higher effective core area would help to reduce nonlinearity and
enable higher optical launch powers and hence increased reach. Such superlarge effective area (SLA) fibers, which are already used in submarine network
deployments, are a good step in the right direction. These fibers include Cornings
Vascade and OFSs UltraWave.
Building on the foundation

The advent of coherent DWDM technology is enabling 100GbE transport over

backbone optical networks with link engineering rules similar to 10-Gbps OOK
channels. Coherent transmission enables a 10X scaling of network/fiber capacity
without any change in DWDM channel spacing or DWDM common equipment
design. The formation of a 100G DWDM ecosystem by the OIF in the infancy
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Coherent DWDM technology for high-speed optical communications

of this technology has helped focus R&D capital investment and should act
as a catalyst toward early technology adoption by system vendors and service
providers. Standardization by the IEEE of 100GbE and ITU on OTU4 encapsulation
has also been critical in laying the foundation for this technology.
The migration to data rates beyond 100 Gbps faces some real challenges in terms
of OSNR sensitivity and nonlinearity. Perhaps we will just use more wavelengths
and fibers without increasing spectral efficiency. But that method will also run
into scaling issues as fibers run out and managing too many DWDM overbuilds
becomes unwieldy for carriers.
Coherent transmission certainly opens up the possibility of moving to higher
order modulation formats and increased spectral efficiency. But to meet the
optical reach requirements, we may need a fundamental improvement in optical
fiber and/or optical amplification technology.
How to move beyond 100 Gbps will be a fertile area of optical research in coming
years as engineers tackle how to scale optical transport data-carrying capability
while staying within the fundamental constraints of Shannons Limit.

ROSS SAUNDERS is general manager, product strategy, at Oclaro

8
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Making the jump to 100G

In the past two years, the number of 100G transport
platforms on the market has grown from one to nearly a
dozen. With this much-needed leap in bandwidth capacity
here to stay, service providers are now asking, How do
I implement 100G in a scalable, cost-effective way?
by Sam Bucci, Alcatel-Lucent

ow far ahead do service providers have to stay to keep up with

the worlds endless appetite for bandwidth? While many continue to

deploy 10- and 40-Gbps transport platforms, growing numbers are
looking at 100G to give them a longer-lasting bandwidth boost.

According to most service providers, bandwidth demand is growing by at

least 33% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) each year. Streaming video
is expected to make up some 58% of all Internet traffic by 2014.1 More than 20
billion mobile devices are likely to be in use by 2020.2 And in just two years, more
than 80% of all new software will be available as a cloud service, which will
require the adoption of all-new content delivery and storage models.3
Some service providers have said theyll need to double their capacity every 18
months to keep pace.4 (See figure below.) Other sources estimate that the total
amount of content passing through the worlds networks will increase from
800,000 petabytes in 2009 to 35 zettabytes in 2020meaning that by the end of
this decade, service providers will need an astonishing 44 times the capacity they
have today.5
A growing market

10

To deliver the capacity operators need, technology vendors have been actively
working to develop commercial 100-Gbps network systems. Alcatel-Lucent opened
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Making the jump to 100G

Figure 1. Estimated

global bandwidth
growth

the field in 2007 with the industrys first field trial of 100G optical transmission.
As 100G technology has matured, several vendors have brought such platforms to
market. Today there are at least 10 different 100G platforms available.
The momentum behind commercial 100G is good news for service providers who
have been waiting for the technology to mature before upgrading and evolving their
networks. With 100G now widely available, they can finally start building capacity
with the confidence that this technology will be the standard for years to come.
Different options for different needs
Every network has its own unique set of requirementswhich means no single
flavor of 100G will suit all applications. Service providers need choice and
flexibility as they look to evolve, starting with options for both the IP and optical
portions of their networks. These include:
:: 1
 00-Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) service routing interfaces that can be deployed
anywhere in the transport network in the metro, at the service edge
and in the core. In some networks, higher-speed core router or data center
interconnection is the critical requirement. In others, 100GbE links provide
headroom for handling high traffic volumes within the metro or can increase
efficiency at the service edge of the IP network.

11

:: S
 ingle-carrier 100G coherent optical technologies that couple coherent
detection with advanced digital signal processing algorithms and sophisticated

Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Making the jump to 100G

modulation formats to increase symbol rate and improve wavelength

performance. Platforms that benefit from this approach possess the capacity
to simultaneously handle native 10G, 40G, and 100G wavelengthsenabling
service providers to easily migrate their network infrastructures to ever-higher
wavelength capacities without sacrificing performance.
100G marks an inflection point in the evolution of both IP and optical transport
networks. Although different service providers will have different objectives
for migrating to 100G, they have the flexibility to start their transitions in one
domain or the otheror proceed incrementally in bothbased on the best
approach for their particular network architecture and strategy.
Planning is key
To monetize their networks, service providers need the most flexible, efficient,
and cost-effective means of transporting network traffic. With this in mind, a
number of complex variables must be taken into account when planning 100G
deployments. These include:
:: fiber type
:: distance between sites
:: topology
:: placement of amplifiers, electrical regenerators, and add/drop sites
:: platform scalability
:: capex and opex
:: t otal cost of ownership (i.e., the need to reduce equipment footprint, power
consumption, truck rolls, etc.).
The challenge is to achieve the right balance across these elements without
going so far as to compromise one for the sake of anotherfor example, by
reducing line rates or wavelength capacity on some spans or installing additional
regeneration sites, all of which can diminish overall performance and undercut
the value of the 100G technology investment.

12

The latest 100G systems on the market address these issues by extending
unregenerated reach to 2,000 km or more. Although such distances typically
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Making the jump to 100G

suggest ultra-long-haul applications, a more common use may actually be in

highly meshed regional and metro networks, which have frequently constrained
service providers to 40G or even 10G wavelengths due to the variability and
unpredictability of impairments in the optical infrastructure.
Enhanced 100G performance broadens the addressable market for 100G while
improving network capacity and lowering costs. Despite the increasing number of
applications available to service providers, however, migration plans still need to
be well thought out and as complete as possible.
Going beyond 100G
While most service providers are either deploying or making plans to move to
100G, the unabated growth in traffic demand will soon push them toward even
higher rates. (In fact, many early adopters of 100Gfinancial institutions and
data center operators, for examplehave already reached the point where 100G is
no longer enough.) As such, many vendors are starting to think about what might
be nextin a world after 100G.
Knowing that bandwidth demand will continue to climb, service providers
will need to make sure their 100G networks can evolve elegantly into higherbandwidth infrastructures down the road. But most approaches to higher
rates require substantial investments in network equipment or fiber routes.
Overhauling their entire infrastructure every few years is clearly not a viable
option; todays 100G platforms have to be both scalable and backward-compatible.
Leveraging recent advances in optical componentry, processing, and chip design,
commercially available 400G chipsets have been developed for existing WDM
platforms that are fully compatible with 100G networks. The result in one case is
a high-bandwidth 100G system that extends reach by 50% while reducing power
consumption and equipment footprint by more than 30%. When equipped for
400G transport, the same system delivers a fourfold increase in traffic payload
rate and module density.

13

Chipsets for 400G from more vendors will soon arrive on the marketplace. Ideal
devices will be in-house designs optimized for specific vendor products rather
than the diverse range of potential applications (and performance compromises)
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Making the jump to 100G

typically required by merchant silicon. For service providers, these in-house

chipsets will not only arrive on the market sooner, but will deliver improved
performance over virtually any fiber infrastructure or topology. More importantly,
they will provide a smooth evolutionary path that allows them to leverage their
existing investments and migrate to higher rates at their own pacemeaning
they can stay ahead of bandwidth demand while increasing capacity in a way
that makes sense for them.
Moving forward, the need for more bandwidth will have a profound impact on
every aspect of service providers operations. Theres a lot at stake. But with 100G
technology more accessible than everand with recent advancements setting the
stage for even greater capacitythe time to act is most definitely now.
References
1. Informa Telecoms and Media, 2011.
2. Strategy Analytics.
3. Bell Labs: Value of Cloud for a Virtual Service Provider, 2011.
4. Telegeography: International Bandwidth Deployments, 20022016.
5. IBM Software: Delivering a New ROI for Communications, 2012.

Sam Bucci is vice president and general manager of Alcatel-Lucents Terrestrial

Optics Product Unit.

14
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

The path beyond 100G

by Randy Eisenach, Fujitsu Network Communications

arriers face ever-increasing needs for bandwidth and capacity

in their metro, regional, and long-haul optical networks due to the

demands of high-speed data services, Internet video services, data
centers, and higher-bandwidth residential broadband connections.
Until recently, most DWDM systems supported up to 88 channels with 10Gbps data rates per channel. To provide additional network capacity, improved
spectral efficiency, and lower cost per bit, the optical transport industry has been
developing 100G technologies for the last 34 years.
A limited number of vendors introduced 100G transponders and muxponders,
based on single-carrier dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DPQPSK) modulation and coherent detection, in 2011. Carriers have started to deploy
these 100G units for capacity-constrained routes and to support 100-Gigabit
Ethernet private line services, a trend that will continue to grow over the next
few years. One of the key benefits of 100G transponders and muxponders is the
ability to expand existing WDM network capacity by 10X, eliminating the need for
costly overbuild networks.
The optical industry now is shifting focus and R&D activities to enable even
greater capacity. Some possible options include:
:: Increasing optical channel rates
:: Increasing the number of WDM channels
:: Adding parallel systems over additional fiber pairs
:: Combinations of the approaches above.

16

Each option has its own set of tradeoffs, which are being studied and evaluated.
For example, increasing channel rates from 100G to 400G also incurs additional
optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) requirements, which can limit the overall
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

The path beyond 100G

optical reach of a signal, requiring additional regeneration nodes on long-haul

routes. Adding parallel WDM systems over separate fiber pairs to increase
capacity offers the benefit of using currently available technology and WDM
platforms, but requires significant additional investment, as well as using
additional fiber resources.
Carriers are likely to adopt many, if not all, of these approaches in one form or
another. In the near term, capacity is being increased by using additional fiber
pairs, as well as migrating to 100G interfaces. Future systems will use even
higher speed, 400G optical interfaces.
400G Capacity versus reach
With the introduction of 100G, the industry shifted from very simple modulation
techniques (on/off keying) that transported a single bit of data, to much more
advanced phase modulation techniques (DP-QPSK) capable of encoding and
sending multiple bits at once. Along with coherent receivers, these more
advanced modulation techniques enable much higher data rates and improved
compensation for optical impairments such as chromatic dispersion, polarization
mode dispersion, and optical loss.

17

The tradeoff with these advanced modulation techniques is they require higher
OSNR. OSNR translates directly into the optical distances that can be achieved
prior to a
regeneration
node. In
other words,
the more
sophisticated
and
powerful the
modulation,
the shorter
the optical
reach. This
tradeoff
Figure 1. Advancements in optical interfaces, 19802015.
between
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

The path beyond 100G

modulation technique, channel size, and OSNR requirements is at the heart of

current 400G research efforts.
Researchers are evaluating a number of advanced modulation schemes and
channel sizes for use at 400G, as shown in Figure 1. In general, the higher order
modulation techniques, such as 16QAM and 64QAM, encode more bits per
symbol and can be squeezed into smaller channel sizes, but with the previously
mentioned tradeoff of much higher OSNR requirements.
As vendors and the optical industry evaluate these different 400G modulation,
channel size, and OSNR options, it will be critical to adopt a single, standardized
approach. The industry achieved such a consensus at 100G for long-haul
applications, working through the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF). A similar
approach to 400G OIF standardization will be needed to ensure a healthy, robust,
component supply chain with wide choices and competitive pricing.
Spectral efficiency and subcarriers
While the OIF has not yet started such a standardization process, a number
of vendors have active 400G research and development efforts underway. One
likely candidate for 400G modulation will be DP-16QAM using two subcarriers to
continue the progress that has been made in improving spectral efficiency.
Spectral efficiency is one measure of how efficient an optical interface or
modulation scheme is at using the available fiber, and is measured in the number
of bits transmitted per second per Hz of optical spectrum (bits/s/Hz). Existing
10G wavelengths use simple OOK for modulation and easily fit within the 50-GHz
channel grid spacing, as shown in Figure 2. However, at 10G much of the 50-GHz
channel is unused, resulting in relatively low spectral efficiency of only 0.2 bits/s/
Hz. With 100G modulation techniques, 10X the data rate is transmitted in the
same 50-GHz channel spacing, resulting in 2 bits/s/Hz spectral efficiency.

18

As mentioned before, efficient transmission of 400G will require the optimum

combination of modulation format, channel size, and OSNR requirements.
DP-16QAM with two subcarriers looks very promising in this context. Using
subcarriers offers a number of key advantages. Subcarriers enable very high data
rates to be divided and transported over any number of closely spaced, or slightly
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

The path beyond 100G

Figure 2. Capacity

versus OSNR advancement modulation.

overlapping, subcarrier channels. The lower data rates on each subcarrier enable
implementations that fit within existing component-level silicon technologies,
one example being the high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) used in
the coherent receivers. In addition, subcarrier channels can be spaced on existing
50-GHz grid channels
to provide compatibility
with existing WDM
networks, or future
flexible-grid spaced WDM
systems.

19

DP-16QAM modulation
using two subcarriers
with a total of 87.5 GHz
channel spacing is shown
in Figure 3. The spectral
efficiency of this approach
is approximately 4.6
bits/s/Hz.

Figure 3. 10G

and 100G spectral efficiency.

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The path beyond 100G

Summary
With 100G development efforts largely complete, the optical transport industry
is evaluating modulation techniques, channel size, and OSNR requirements for
400G, with the goal of a single, industry-standard approach, working through
the OIF. Although still early, one leading candidate is DP-16QAM using two
subcarriers.

Randy Eisenach is a WDM product marketing manager at Fujitsu Network

Communications, Inc.

20
Lightwave :: EDITORIAL GUIDE

Company Description
ABOUT ALCATEL-LUCENT (EURONEXT PARIS AND NYSE: ALU)
The long-trusted partner of service providers, enterprises and governments around
the world, Alcatel-Lucent is a leading innovator in the field of networking and
communications technology, products and services. The company is home to Bell
Labs, one of the worlds foremost research centers, responsible for breakthroughs
that have shaped the networking and communications industry. Alcatel-Lucent
was named one of MIT Technology Reviews 2012 Top 50 list of the Worlds Most
Innovative Companies for breakthroughs such as lightRadio, which cuts
power consumption and operating costs on wireless networks while delivering
lightning fast Internet access. Through such innovations, Alcatel-Lucent is making
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pursue our mission Realizing the Potential of a Connected World.
With operations in more than 130 countries and one of the most experienced
global services organizations in the industry, Alcatel-Lucent is a local partner
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and is incorporated in France and headquartered in Paris.
For more information, visit Alcatel-Lucent on: http://www.alcatel-lucent.com,
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Five offers:

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100G Coherent Optics extend your optical network performance
Article: Transform the Performance and Economics of Optical
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Article: The Alcatel-Lucent 400G Photonic Service Engine

21

Article: Coherent Technology Making 100 Gb/s Viable

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