Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: Name: Tashanti Kentish

Class/Period: #5
Date: 1/10/17
Essential Question:

Questions: Notes:

1600s= microscopes began to be used

What is the cell theory? Robert Hooke- observed pieces of corks & stated they look like
` cells
Cell Theory- well tested description that unifies a range of
observations by multiple scientists.
1.All livings are composed of cells
2.Cells are the basic units of structure & functions in living
things
3.New cells are produced from existing cells
*Cells- many shapes & sizes have genetic material (DNA/RNA) have
a cell membrane, have cytoplasm/cytoson.
No Nucleus= Prokaryotic (bacteria)
What is the cell Nucleus= Eukaryotic(animals)
membrane?
Functions: protect & supports the cell, requires the transport of
materials in and out of the cell.
Lipid Bilayer: a double layer sheet of phospholipids that make up
the cell membrane, provides a flexible structure that forms a
strong barrier between the cell & its surroundings.
*Polar/Hydrophilic: water loving heads(like)-face out
*Non-Polar/Hydrophobic: water hating(fears)- tails face inside
Fluid Mosaic Model: cell membrane is made up of many different
parts that freely move.
Embedded proteins: protein are embedded in the lipid bilayer, act
as pumps that help move materials across the membrane.
Selectively Permeable: same substances can pass through the cell
membrane, but others cant.
Carbohydrate Chain: act like chemical identification cards, allowing
individual cells, to identify one another.

Summary:

Questions: Notes:
What is Passive
Transport? Passive Transport: movement of substances into/out of a cell without using energy.
high>low concentration
3 types:
1. Simple diffusion (down gradient until eq.)
2. Facilitated diffusion (required special protein)
3. Osmosis (diffusion of water via equaponns)
Brownian Motion: molecules randomly bound around until they are
spread out equally.
dynamic equilibrium (equal motion)
Simple Diffusion: molecules move from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
move down concentration gradient until dynamic
equilibrium is reacted
non-charged, small molecules
no channels needed
Facilitated Diffusion: large molecules require to help to pass
through the cell membrane.
required protein channels
ions: glucose
high concentration>low concentration
Osmosis: diffusion of water through the cell membrane
uses special channels called aquabonns
high>low, down concentration gradient
What is Active
Transport?

Active transport: the process of transporting a small & large

molecule against their concentration gradient
-from an area of LOW concentration to an area of HIGHER
concentration.
-this requires energy input> ATP!!!

Summary: