7.SIMPLE SENTENCE-
If any of these and are realized as phrases and non-
CONSITITENTS STRUCTURE-The
consitients which form structure of
the simple sentence are the subject
and the predicator. For a sentence to
be well formed we need both subject
and predicate because they
dominative in different ways. The
subject and the predicate are in
double subordination and reciprocal
relation. In every sentence we have
one nucleus, if we have two then we
have a composite sentence.
Sentences which have one nucleus
are called monopredicative or
simple, and those who have two or
more nucleus are called
polypredicative or composite
sentences. Simple sentences can be
devided in two group-nuclear and
expanded. Nuclear sentences have
only a subject and predicate while
expand simple sentences contain
additional constituents as well. Apart
form these we can also falue about
minor sentence-minor sentence dont
fixed bellow the S+P model. They
can be fixed expressions asGood
evening or phrases such as Stand CONSTITUENTS-The subject
up and want it. There are other performs the function of the position
special cases when we have one
subject and more than one predicate
and more than one subject. In the
first case we have compound
sentence and in the second simple
sentence. Sentence which have less
than one nucleus is considered a
phrase. In English language there are
six sentences patterns:
1)S+P+Cs,2)S+P,3)S+P+Od,4)S+P
+Cpr,5)S+P+Oi+Od,6)S+P+Od+Co.
Judging by the patterns we can
conclude that the simple sentence
can have the following number of
constituents:1) 2 constituent clauses
S+P,2) 3 constituent clauses
S+P+X(Od,Cs),3) 4 constituent
clauses S+P+Od+X(Oi,Co). These
three patterns present the solution of
the clause.
constituents is missing, the result will
be a formed sentence or another
pattern. The above constituents are
also the obligatory constituents of
clause structure. There are also
optional participants, which part in
the formation of simple expanded
sentences. Similarly we can talk of
two types of
relations:a)indispensable-those
which are oblicatory for the functions
of the sentence as a syntactic
unit,b)optional relations-those
between optional constituent.
Different verbs regure a different
number of constituents following the
predicator.The obility of the verbs to
combine with other words is called
valency. The idea of the valency is
what devides the sentence into
optional and obligatory constituents.
The unexpand simple sentence is
formed only of obligatory parts-
nucleus and other constituents
elements.
SYNTAIC PROPERTIES AND
RELATIONS OF THE
incorrect. These specific
of the pattern. It can be realized by
means of phrases, non-finites or as
clauses. The predicator is the verbal
component which expresses the
predicational property of the
sentences. It s expressed by means
of finite verb forms. Od-obligatory,
occur with transitive verbs. In case of
monotransitive verbs is put after the
predicator and after the Oi in case of
ditransitive verbs. Oi-obligatory
constituent which occur with
ditransitive verbs and is put
immediately after the verb. It can be
replaced by a to-phrase and can
be passivized. Oi are realized as NPs.
Op are obligatory and occuer with
transitive verbs mediated by
prepositions. They can be passivized
finites. Cs are obligatory. They are
aggrement with the subject. They
occur after link verb and cannot
became subjects of a passivized
clause. They are realized as
phrases,clauses and non-finites. Co
are obligatory and follow the Od in
an intersive relations. They are
realized as non-finites, NPs and PPS.
6. Sentence structure
The sentence is the largest stretch of
language according to Huddlestone,
and it forms a complete syntactic
construction. There offer definition of
the sentence but the modern one
states that the sentence is the
largest unit to which we can assign a
grammatical structure. The internal
structure of the sentence is of great
importance. Every sentence is
composed of elements which are
arranged in certain order. The word
order in English is fixed (nouns come
first). When both nouns are affected
by the verb its important to arrange
them properly. Ex. Mary loves Martin
is correct ;loves Mary Martin is
arrangements may be different in
various languages. There are
universal options and parameters
from which we can derive certain
settings. These options exist in ..,
they are interrelated and function
together . by combining these
parameters we can have a
generalized idea of how language
works. Options and parameters are
realized in accordance with the basic
properties of the sentence linearity
and categoriality . linearity refers to
word order in language. In English
requires a S +V + O sequence.
While in other languages is different,
for example the Turkish sequence is
S+O+V.