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PHYSICAL SCIENCE
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Important Questions
Important Bits
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Class
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2 10th Special Physical Science {]l l 26 l 2015

Physical Science.. Success path

2. What is latent heat of vapourization? 7. Which metal is used in the manufacture of
Prepared by:
A. The heat energy required to change 1 gm Diwali crackers?
A.V. Sudhakar, of liquid to gas at constant temperature is A. Magnesium.
Senior Faculty called latent heat of vapourization. 8. Which gas is used in the chips like Lays
3. Why do we sweat while doing a work? and Kurkures?
A. When we work our bodies produce heat. A. Nitrogen gas
1. HEAT As a result the temperature of the skin 9. Write the formula of rust?
becomes higher and water in the sweat A. Fe2O3.XH2O
1. Latent heat of fusion for ice is ____. glands start evaporating. This evaporation 10. Which type of reaction involved when sil-
2. S.I Unit of specific heat is ____. cools the body. ver bromide is exposed to sunlight?
3. Specific heat ____. 4. What is humidity? A. Photo chemical reaction.
4. Latent heat of vaporization of water is A. The amount of water vapour present in air
____. is called humidity. 2 Marks
5. The process of converting solid into liquid 5. What are the factors affecting rate of 1. What do you mean by corrosion? How can
is called ____. evaporation? you prevent it?
6. The amount of a water vapour present in A. Surface area, temperature and amount of 2. Why does respiration reaction considered
air is called____. water vapour already present in the sur- as exothermic reaction? Explain?
7. _____ is the reverse process of evapora- rounding air. 3. A shiny brown coloured X on heating in
tion. 6. A desert is very hot in the day and very air becomes black colour. Can u predict
8. Evaporation is a ____ phenomenon. cool at night why? the element X and the black colour sub-
9. Conservation of steam into liquid is called A. Because low specific heat capacity air 2. CHEMICAL REACTIONS stance formed? How do you support your
____. above earth heated up quickly in the day AND EQUATIONS predictions?
10. The water droplets condensed on cold sur- and cooled quickly at night. 4. What is meant by precipitation reaction?
faces is called ____. 7. Why does ice floats on water? 1. ____ chemical reaction is involved in the Give example?
11. 1 Calorie = ____ joule A. When water converts into ice its volume corrosion of iron.
12. The temperature of a steel rod is 330K. Its increases so density decreases. Hence den- 2. ____ reaction involved when silver chlo- 4 Marks
temperature C is ____. sity of ice is less than water so ice floats ride is exposed to sunlight. 1. Take two beakers and prepare lead nitrate
13. ____ is used as a coolant. on water. 3. Rancidity is an ____ reaction. aqueous solution and Potassium iodide
14. Rate of evaporation depends on ____, 8. What is the effect of pressure on melting 4. The decomposition of vegetables into aqueous solutions. What are the colours of
____, ____. point of ice? compost is an examples of ____ reaction. solutions. Now mix them in another
A. With increase in pressure the melting 5. By painting we can prevent ____. beaker. What happens? What type of
ANSWERS point of ice reduces. 6. Chemical formula of rust is ____. chemical reaction it is? What are products
1)80 cal / gm; 2) J Kg-1k-1; 9. What is the major difference between boil- 7. Stainless steel is a mixture of Iron with obtained?
ing and evaporation? ____and chromium.
3) S = Q ; A. Evaporation is the surface phenomenon 8. Respiration is a ____reaction. 2. Latha take some quantity of powder of a
mT while boiling is a bulk phenomenon. 9. Examples of Antioxidants are ____. substance in a test tube. Heated it with
4) 540 cal/gm; 5) melting; 10. What is the value of latent heat of fusion 10. CuO +H2 Cu+H2O is ____ reaction. spirit lamp. A gas was liberated. She send
6) Humidity; 7) condensation; of ice? the gas into another test tube. The colour
8) cooling; 9) condensation; A. 80 cal/gm ANSWERS of solution in the second test tube turned
10) Dew; 11) 4.186; 1)Oxidation; 2) Photo chemical reaction; into milk white?
12) 57c; 13) Water; 2 Marks 3) oxidation; 4) oxidation (or) fermenta- 1) Which substance was heated
14) Surface Area,Humidity, Temperature; 1. Explain why dogs pant during hot sum- tion; 5) corrosion; 6) Fe2O3.XH2O; 2) Whic gas is liberated
merdays using the concept of evapora- 7) Carbon, nickel; 8) exothermic; 3) What was the solution taken in second
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS tion? 9) Vitamin C and E; 10) Redox reaction. test tube
1 Mark 2. Why do we get dew on the surface of a 4) Which type of chemical reactions
1. Convert 30C into Kelven Scale? cold soft drink bottle kept in open air? IMPORTANT QUESTIONS involved the experiment
A. K = C+273; T = 30+273=303k 3. Write the differences between evaporation 1 Mark
and boiling? 1. State important uses of decomposition 3. Balance the following chemical equations
4. What happens to the water when wet reaction? including the physical states?
clothes dry? A. Extract metals from their compounds & a) C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2
5. What happens, when water is kept in a digestion of food. b) Fe+O2 Fe2O3
refrigerator? 2. What happens when silver chloride c) NH3+Cl2N2H4+NH4Cl
exposed to sunlight? d) Na+H2ONaOH+H2
A. 2 AgCl 2Ag+Cl2 4. Give some daily life oxidation Reactions?
4 Marks 3. Why photosynthesis reaction considered
1. Your teacher made an experiment that as endothermic reaction?
shows the information of dew and frost. A. During photosynthesis plants absorb heat
Explain how you show they effect on the from sunlight so photosynthesis reaction Sir C.V. Raman
rate of evaporation? is example for endothermic reaction. explained the phenome-
2. Define evaporation. Explain what are the 4. What is antioxidant? non of light scattering in
affecting factors of evaporation and how A. The substance which is used to prevent gases and liquids. He found
they effect on the rate of evaporation? oxidation are called antioxidants.
experimentally that the fre-
quency of scattered light by the
3. Determine the specific heat of solid exper- 5. Why do we apply paint on iron articles?
liquids is greater than
imentally? A. To prevent corrosion. the frequency of
4. How do you appreciate the role of the 6. Give any two examples of double dis- incident light. This
higher specific heat of water in stabilizing placement reactions? is called Raman
atmospheric temperature during winter A. (i) BaCl2+Na2SO42NaCl+BaSO4 Effect.
and summer seasons? (ii) 2KI+Pb(NO3)2 PbI2+2KNO3
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3. REFLECTION OF LIGHT
BY DIFFERENT SURFACES
1. We get a diminished image with a concave
mirror when the object is placed ____.
2. The drivers mirror used in automobiles is
____.
3. The distance between pole and focus is
____.
4. Mirror formula is ____.
5. Light chooser the path which takes the
least time to travel. This is called____
principle.
6. The geometric centre of the mirror is
____.
7. A concave mirror can form a ____.
8. Convex and concave mirrors are known
collectively as ____.
9. Virtual image cannot be received on a
____.
10. ____ mirrors are used in head lights of
vehicles.
ANSWERS
1) beyond C; 2) convex; 3) Focal length;
4) 1 = 1 + 1 ; 5) Fermat; 6) pole;
f u v
7) real (or) virtual image; 8) Spherical
mirror; 9) screen; 10) concave.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1 Mark
1. State Fermats principle?
A. It states that the light selects the path
which takes the least time to travel. It is
also applicable to reflection of light.
2. Which objects at your home act as spheri-
cal mirrors?
A. Cooking vessels, sink, spoons.
3. Which type of mirrors are used in head
light of vehicles?
A. Concave mirrors are used in the head
lights of vehicles.
4. Why does our image appear thin or
bulged?
A. Due to converging (or) diverging of light
rays from the mirror.
5. Write the mirror formula?
1 1 1
A. = + : focal length, u : object
f u v
distance, v = image distance
6. Which mirrors are used in saloons and
sweets shops?
A. Plane mirrors
7. Which principle involved in the working
of periscope?
A. Principle of reflection of light.
8. Which mirrors are used by dentists and
10th Special
ENT specialist?
A. Concave mirrors
9. Preetham saw his face in the cars mirror
and found that his image is small. Which
type of mirror is that?
A. Convex mirror.
10. Which principle is used in the law of
reflection?
A. Fermat principle.
2 Marks
1. How do you find the focal length of a con-
cave mirror?
2. Write the rules for sign convention of
spherical mirrors?
3. Explain the process of making a solar
cooker/heater (or) Make a solar heater/
cooker and explain the process of making.
4. How do you appreciate the role of spheri-
cal mirrors in daily life? (or) What are the
applications of spherical mirrors in daily
life?
5. Write any two uses of convex and concave
mirrors in our daily life?
6. Why does an image suffer lateral inver-
sion?
4 Marks
1. How do you support your answer to
When light gets reflected from a surface,
it selects the path that takes the least
time?
2. What is magnification? Derive the formu-
la for magnification of spherical mirrors?
3. Write the experimental method in verifica-
tion laws of reflection in plane mirrors?
4. Write the experimental method to meas-
ures the distances of object and image
using concave mirror? And write the table
for observations?
4. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
1. The colour of Methyl orange indicator in
acidic medium is____.
2. The colour of phenophalein indicator in
Basic medium is ____.
3. ____ medicine is used for treating indiges-
tion.
4. Bleaching powder is represented by for-
mula ____.
5. The acid forms in stomach is ____.
6. Many salts absorb water from atmosphere
this property is called ____.
7. If pH of rain water is less than 5.6 it is
called____.
8. Water soluble bases are known as ____.
9. Formula of plaster of Paris____.
10. ____is derived from tomato and turns blue
litmus to red.
ANSWERS
1)Red; 2) pink; 3) Antacid; 4) CaOCl2;
5) HCl; 6) Crystallisation; 7) Acid rain;
8) Alkali; 9) CaSO4.H2O; 10) Tartaric
acid.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1 Mark
1. Why does distilled water not conduct elec-
tricity.
A. Distilled water does not conduct electrici-
ty due to no ions present in distilled water.
2. Give two examples of neutralization
Physical Science
reaction.
A. NaOH+HCl NaCl+H2O
NaOH+CH3COOH CH3COONa+H2O
3. What is acid rain?
A. When pH of rain water is less than 5.6, it is
called acid rain.
4. Plaster of Paris should be stored in a mois-
ture proof container. Explain.
A. The Plastic of Paris should be stored in the
moisture proof container as it absorbs wa-
ter from moisture and turns in to Gypsum.
5. What are Amphoteric oxides.
A. Oxides capable of showing properties for
both acids & bases.
6. Which substance is used for making
chalks and fire proof material.
A. Plaster of Paris.
7. Give any two examples of olfactory indi-
catiors.
A. Vanilla essence & clove oil.
8. Write the formula of baking soda & wash-
ing soda.
A. Baking soda : NaHCO3
Washing Soda : Na2CO3.10H2O
9. Which acid derived from lemon and turn
blue litmus in Red.
A. Citric acid.
10. Define universal pH indicator.
A. A mixture of several indicator is called
universal pH indicator.
11. Define alkalis.
A. Bases which are soluble in water are
called alkalis.
12. Which substance used to control the stom-
ach pain causes due to indigestion.
A. Antacid.
2 Marks
1. What happens when an acid or base is
mixed with water?
2. Why does distilled water not conduct elec-
tricity where rain water does?
3. Plaster of paris should be stored in a mois-
ture proof container explain why?
4. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How does the pH
change as it turns to curd? Explain your
answer?
5. What is baking powder? How does it
make the cake soft and spongy?
4 Marks
1. Write the formulae for the following salts.
(a) Sodium sulphate (b) Ammonium chlo-
ride. Identify the acids and bases for
which the above salts are obtained also
write chemical equations for the reactions
between such acids and bases which type
of chemical reactions they are?
2. Compounds such as alcohols and glucose
contain hydrogen but are not categorized
as acids. Describe an activity to prove it.
3
3. Acids produce ions only in aqueous solu-
tion? Justify your answer with an activity.
4. Write any 4 uses of (a) Washing soda
(b) Baking soda.
5. REFRACTION OF LIGHT
AT PLANE SURFACES
1. Speed of light in vacuum is ____.
2. Mirage is an example of ____.
3. ____is the basic principle of optical fibre.
4. The unit of refractive index is ____.
5. The angle of refraction for critical angles
is ____.
6. The critical angle of diamond is ____.
7. Refractive index of glass is 3/2. Then the
speed of light in glass is ____.
8. n1sin i=n2sin r is called ____.
9. A lemon kept in a glass of water appears to
be ____
10. Refractive index of water is ____.
ANSWERS
1) 3108 m/sec; 2) Total internal reflec-
tion; 3) Total internal reflection; 4) No
units; 5) 90; 6) 24.4; 7) 2108 m/sec;
8) Snells law; 9) Bigger ;10) 1.33.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1 Mark
1. What is optically denser medium?
A. The medium in which speed of light is less
is called optically denser medium.
2. Determine the refractive index of benzene
if the critical angle of it is 42?
A. Critical angle of benzene (C) = 42
1 1
n= = = 1.51
sin C sin 42 0
3. What is lateral shift?
A. Side wise shift when a ray of light is inci-
Niels
Henrik David
Bohr was a Danish
physicist who made founda-
tional contributions to under-
standing atomic structure and
quantum theory, for which he
received the Nobel Prize
in physics in 1922.
Bohr was also a
philosopher and
a promoter.

4 10th Special
dent obliquely on a parallel sided glass
slab.
4. Name the colour of light for which critical
angle is minimum?
A. Violet.
5. What are applications of total internal
reflection?
A. Formation of mirages, brilliance of dia-
mond, working of optical fibre.
6. Find the critical angle for a material of
refractive index 2?
1 1
A. SinC = SinC = = C = 450
2 9) positive; 10) focal point.
7. When is angle of incidence is equal to the
angle of refraction?
A. When light travels perpendicular to sur-
face it will not undergo any refraction. So
angle of incidence is equal to angle of
refraction.
8. What is the principle involved in the opti-
cal fibre?
A. Total internal reflection.
9. Define shift?
A. The perpendicular distance between the
emergent and incident rays which are par-
allel is called shift.
10. Is the refractive index for a given pair of
medium depend on the angle of inci-
dence?
A. No. It is independent of the angle of inci-
dence.
2 Marks
1. Why is it difficult to shoot a fish swim-
ming in water?
2. Take a bright metal ball and make it black
with soot in a candle flame. Immerse it in
water. How does it appear and why?
3. How do you appreciate the role of Fermat
principle in drawing ray diagrams.
4. What is the angle of deviation produced
by a glass slab? Explain with ray diagram?
4 Marks
1. Derive the Snells formula from Fermat
principle? (or) Derive the formula in rela-
tion with angle of incidence and angle of
refraction?
2. What is meant by Total internal reflection
and derive the relation between critical
angle and total internal reflection?
3. Explain the experiment that showing the
relation between angle of incidence and
angle of refraction through the figure?
4. Explain the experiment that showing the
determination of position and nature of
image formed by a glass slab through the
figure?
6. REFRACTION OF LIGHT
AT CURVED SURFACES
1. S.I Unit of the power of a lens is____.
2. The power of a concave lens is____.
3. Focal length of a convex lens is ____
when it is kept in water.
4. Lens formula is given by____.
5. Lens maker formula is ____.
6. The distance between the principle focus
and optical centre of the lens is ____.
7. The power of a convex lens of focal length
50 cm= ____Dioptre.
8. When a ray of light passes from denser to
rarer medium it bends____to the normal.
Physical Science
9. The power of convex lens is____. positions and explain the nature and posi-
10. The ray from the distant object, falling on tion of image i) Object is placed at C2
the convex lens pass through____. ii) Object is placed between F2 and optic
centre P?
ANSWERS 3. A plane convex lens whose n=1.5 has a
1) dioptre; 2) negative; 3) increases; curved surface of radius 15cm what is its
1 1 1 focal length? Why do you see a dimin-
4) = ;
f v u ished image? How could this happen?
4. Write the steps involved in sign conven-
1 1 1
5) = (n 1) ; tion used in lenses?
f R1 R 2
6) Focal length; 7) +; 8) away; 4 Marks
1. Derive the formula of image formation in
refraction at curved surfaces?
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 2. Derive the lens formula?
1 Mark 3. Derive the lens makers formula?
1. Define focal point? 4. Write the experimental method and appa-
A. The rays coming from the sun parallel to ratus required in finding out the image for-
the principal axis of concave mirror con- mation using convex lens?
verge to a point. This point is called Focus
or focal point. 7. HUMAN EYE AND
2. Give two uses of a convex lens? COLOURFUL WORLD
A. (i) used in projectors
(ii) Cameras 1. The value of least distance of distinct
3. Do only convex lens converge? vision is about____.
A. No, a concave mirror also converge. 2. The distance between the eyes lens and
4. What is positive lens? retina is about____.
A. Convex lens. 3. The maximum focal length of the eye lens
5. Define principal axis? is about____.
A. The line joining the centre of curvature 4. Myopia can be corrected by using ____
and the pole is called principal axis. lens.
6. Write the lens formula? 5. Hyper metropia can be corrected by using
1 1 1 ____ lens.
A. =
v u f 6. Angle of vision for a healthy human is
7. Write the lens makers formula? ____.
1
7. The process of adjusting focal length is
1 1
A. = (n 1) called ____. 3. Why the red signal is used for danger sig-
f R
1 R 2
8. ____explained the phenomenon of scatter-
8. Which lens will form both real and virtual ing of light in gages and liquids.
images? 9. The human eye forms the image of an
A. Plane mirror. object____.
9. What is negative lens? 10. The splitting of white light into different
A. Concave lens. colour____is called____.
10. Draw the plane-concave mirror?
ANSWERS
1) 25 cms; 2) 2.5 cms; 3) 2.27 cms;
A. 4) biconcave; 5) biconvex; 6) 600;
7) accommodation; 8) Sir. C.V. Raman;
9) retina; 10) VIBGYOR, dispersion.
2 Marks IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. Preethi tells Sushant that the double con- 1 Mark
vex lens behaves like a convergent lens. 1. What are rods?
But Sushant knows that Preethi assertion A. Rods are the receptors which identify the
is wrong and corrected Preethi by asking colour.
some questions. What are the questions 2. What is retina?
asked by Sushant? A. The retina is delicate membrane, which
2. Draw a ray diagram for the following acts as a screen, the eye lens formula a real
and inverted image of an object on the
retina.
3. What are cones?
A. Cones are the receptors identify the inten-
sity of light.
4. Which colour is best for school buses?
A. Yellow (or) Orange.
5. What is an optic nerve?
A. Optic nerve is nerve which transmit the
light signals to the brain.
6. What type of lens used to correct myopia?
A. Bi concave.
7. State the role of ciliary muscles in accom-
modation?
A. It can adjust the focal length of the eye
lens.
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8. What is the function of pupil in human
eye?
A. It allows the light falling on iris.
9. Write the formula of refractive index of
the prism?
A+D
Sin
2
A. = A
Sin
2
10. Name the molecules responsible for blue
sky?
A. Nitrogen & oxygen molecules.
2 Marks
1. How do you appreciate the working of
iris?
2. Have you seen a rainbow in the sky after
rain? How is it formed?
nals?
4. Why does the sky sometimes appear
white?
5. Glass is known to be transparent material
but ground glass is opaque and white in
colour why?
6. A person is viewing an extended objects if
a converging lens is placed in front of his
eye, will he feel that the size of object has
increased. Why?
4 Marks
1. Derive the formula for refractive index of
a prism?
2. Write the different characteristics of red
colour and violet colours in dispersion of
light?
3. Explain briefly the reasons for the blue of
the sky?
4. Write the experimental procedure of find-
ing the refractive index of a prism?
5. Explain the formation of rainbow with the
help of water drop diagram?
Max
Karl Ernst Ludwig
Plank was a German the-
oretical physicist who originat-
ed quantum theory, which won
him the Nobel Prize in Physics in
1918. Plank made many contributions
to theoretical physics, but his fame
rests primarily on his role an origina-
tor of the quantum theory?
This theory revolutionized
human understanding
of atomic and sub-
atomic processes.
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8. STRUCTURE OF ATOM
1. The electronic configuration of cu(29)
____.
2. Elliptical orbits are introduced by____.
3. The subshell of the orbital for l = 1 is
____.
4. ____is a group of wavelength.
5. Splitting of spectral lines due to magnetic
field is called____.
6. Splitting of spectral lines in the presence
of electric field is called____.
7. Stationary orbits are introduced by ____.
8. The electronic configurations of Cr is
____.
9. The elements in which outermost orbitals
are completely filled are called____.
10. Short notation of electron configuration is
____.
ANSWERS
1) [(Ar)4s13d10]; 2) sommerfeld; 3) p;
4) spectrum; 5) Zeeman effect; 6) stark
effect; 7) Niels Bohr; 8) [Ar]4s13d5;
9) inert gas;10) nlx.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1 Mark
1. Give the relation between c, and ?
A. c =
2. Write the four quantum numbers for the
differentiating electron of sodium (Na)?
A. n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = +.or -
3. What is the value of planks constant?
A. 6.62510-27 erg sec (or) 6.62510-34 Js
4. What is spectrum?
A. A group of frequencies (or) wave length is
called spectrum.
5. Define Pauli exclusion principle?
A. No two electrons can have same four
quantum numbers.
6. Draw the shape of s-orbital?
z was the purpose of adding these elliptical
A. y (Spherical)
x 9. Write the Nobel gas elements?
7. Who proposed principle quantum num-
ber?
A. Niels Bohr.
8. What is Zeeman effect?
A. Splitting of spectral lines in presence of
magnetic field is called Zeeman effect.
10th Special
9. Write the electronic configuration of
chromium?
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5
10. What is the shape of d-orbital?
A. Double dumbell.
2 Marks
1. Rainbow is an example for continuous
spectrum explain? or Define continuous
spectrum? Explain with one example?
2. How many elliptical orbits are added by
sommerfeld in third bohrs orbit? What
was the purpose of adding these elliptical
orbits?
3. Which rule is violated in the electronic
configuration 1S0 2s2 2p4? (or) The fol-
lowing electronic configuration does not
support the Aufbau principle Why 1S0 2s2
2p4?
4. Write the four quantum numbers for the
differentiating electrons of sodium atom?
(or) Write the four quantum for the
valence electron of sodium (Na) atom?
5. Write the four quantum numbers for 1S1
electron. (or) Write the four quantum
numbers for hydrogen atom?
4 Marks
1. What are the postulates of Bohr atomic
model? Write the defects on it?
2. In an atom the number of electrons in N.
Shell is equal to the number of electrons in
K and L and M shells. Answer the follow-
ing questions?
(i) Which is the outer most shell?
(ii) How many electrons are there in its
outermost shell.
(iii)What is the atomic number.
(iv) Write the electronic configuration of
the elements.
3. How many elliptical orbits are added by
sommerfeld in third Bohrs orbit? What
orbits?
4. Explain the significance of three quantum
numbers in predicting the positions of an
electron in an atom?
9. CLASSIFICATION OF
ELEMENTS
THE PERIODIC TABLE
1. d block elements are also called ____.
2. Electro negativity is assigned by ____.
3. Father of periodic table____.
4. Atomic radius is measured in ____units.
5. Inner transition elements are____block
elements.
6. II a group elements are called____.
7. Noble gases belongs to ____ group of
periodic table.
8. Group IA is called____family.
9. ____is the most electronegative element.
10. Gallium is named by Mendeleeff as ____.
11. VIIA group elements are called ____.
12. ____is the least electronegative element.
ANSWERS
1) Transition elements; 2) Pauling;
3) Mendeleeff; 4) A; 5) f block; 6) Alkali
earth metal; 7) 18th; 8) Alkali metal;
9) fluorine; 10) Eka aluminium;
11) Haloge-ns; 12) cesium.
Physical Science 5
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS the advantage of this kind of classifica-
1 Mark tions?
1. What are lanthanoids? 2. What is a periodic property? How do the
A. Elements from 58Ce to 71Lu are called following properties change in a group
Lanthanoids. and period? Explain?
2. Write the name of the element family of (a) Atomic radius
16 group? (b) Ionization energy
A. Chalcogen family. (c) Electron affinity
3. State Mendeleeff's periodic law? (d) Electronegativity
A. The physical and chemical properties of 3. What is Ionization energy? Explain the
the elements are the periodic functions of factors affect the ionization energy?
the their atomic weights. 4. What are the limitations of Mendeleeffs
periodic table. How could the modern
periodic table over come the limitations of
Mendeleevs table.
10. CHEMICAL BONDING
1. Ionic compounds dissolved in ____ sol-
vents.
2. Example for polar solvents is ____.
3. The shape of BeCl2 is ____.
4. Electro positivity is also called as ____.
5. Valence bond theory was proposed by
____.
6. The shape of NH3 is ____.
7. 1 nanometer ____Meter
8. Examples of Triple bond molecules ____.
9. General electronic configuration of Noble
gas____.
10. The noble element which is exception of
octet rule____.
4. What is the unit of ionization energy?
A. ev (or) K cal / mole (or) KJ/mole. ANSWERS
5. What are actinoids? 1) polar; 2) H2O; 3) Linear; 4) Metallic
A. Elements from 90Th to 103Lr are called character; 5) Linus Pauling;
Actinoids. 6) Pyramidal; 7) 10-9; 8) N2,C2H2;
6. Write the formula proposal by Milliken to 9) ns2np6; 10) Helium
measure electronegativity?
I .E + E . A IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
A. E.N =
2 1 Mark
7. Give any two examples of Dobereiners 1. General electronic configuration of noble
traids? gases?
A. Li, Na, K S, Se,Te A. ns2np6
8. Write the electronic configuration of 2. What is the shape of Ammonia?
Transition elements? A. Pyramidal.
A. ns2np6(n1)d110 3. Give example for double bonded mole-
cule?
A. He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn A. O2, C2H4
10. Who is the father of periodic table? 4. Bond angle present in H2O molecule?
A. Mendeleeff. A. 104. 311
5. Who proposed valance bond theory?
2 Marks A. Linus Pauling.
1. Name two elements that you would expect 6. Expand VSEPRT?
to have chemical properties similar to Mg. A. Valence shell- electron pair-repulsion-
What is the basis for your choice? Theory.
2. An element has atomic number 19. Where 7. Examples of non-pair solvents?
would you expect this element in the peri- A. CCl4, C6H6, CS2
odic table and why? 8. Write the Lewis dot structure of Ar?
3. Explain New Lands concept of octaves? A.
4. Second ionization energy of an element is 9. Examples of triple bond molecules?
higher than its first ionization energy
why? Hans
5. All alkali metals are solids but hydrogen is Christian Oersted
a gas with di atomic molecules. Do you was one of the leading
justify the inclusion of Hydrogen in first scientist of the 19th century,
played a crucial role in under-
group with alkali metals? standing electromagnetism. The
6. Why Mendeleeff had to leave certain unit of magnetic field strength is
blank spaces in his periodic table? What is named Oersted in his honour.
your explanation for this? Oersted was made a foreign
member of the Royal
Swedish Academy of
4 Marks Sciences in 1822.
1. Explain how the elements are classified
into s, p, d, f in the Periodic table and give
 VS$$ l
6 10th Special Physical Science {]l l 26 l 2015

A. N2, C2H2, HCN 6 3. The device used for producing electric

A. I = =I = = 0.4amp 13. PRINCIPLES OF
10. Example of FCC molecule? R 15 current is called ____. METALLURGY
A. NaCl 5. What do you mean by short circuit? 4. Unit of magnetic flux____.
A. A sudden flow of a very large circuit due 5. A metallic wire carrying an electric cur- 1. The impurity present in the ore is called as
2 Marks to direct current of live and neutral wire is rent is associated with its a____. ____.
1. Predict the reasons for low melting point called short circuit. 6. A current that flows in the same direction 2. Galena is an ore of____.
of covalent compounds when compared 6. What is the shape of V-I shape for a metal- is____. 3. The purpose of smelting an ore is to ____
with ionic compound? lic wire? 7. The current that reverses its direction is It.
2. Draw simple diagrams to show how elec- A. A straight line passing through origin. ____current. 4. The formula of rust ____.
trons are arranged in the following cova- V 8. An electric motor is a device that converts 5. Smelting is carried out in____furnace.
lent molecules? ____ energy into ____ energy.
a) Calcium oxide [CaO] 9. Name the long wire wound in close
b) Water [H2O] packed helix____.
c) Chlorine [Cl2] I
3. Draw the simple diagrams to show how 7. Draw the symbol of Resistor? ANSWERS
electrons are arranged in the following A. 1) Tesla; 2) law of conservation of ener-
covalent molecules? 8. Define Resistivity? gy; 3) Generator; 4) Weber.; 5) magnetic
a) Ammonia (NH3) A. Resistivity of the material is the resistance field; 6) direct; 7) alternate; 8) electric,
b) Methane (CH4) per unit length of a unit cross section of Mechanical; 9) solenoid
4. Represent the lewis dot structure for the the material.
following? 9. Define ohmic conductors? IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
He, Kr, Ne, Xe, Ar, Rn. A. The materials which obeys ohms law are 1 Mark
5. Represent each of the following atoms called ohmic conductors. 1. Which field has both strength and direc-
using lewis notation? 10. Write the ohms law? tion are constant?
a) Berylium b) Calcium A. V=IR A. Uniform magnetic field.
c) Lithium 2. Name the long wire wound in a close
2 Marks packed helix?
4 Marks 1. What do you mean by electric shock? A. Solenoid
1. Explain what type bond is formed in Explain how it takes place? 3. What is the unit of magnetic flux density?
AlCl3? 2. Why do we use fuses in household cir- A. Weber /mt2 (or) Tesla. 6. The new substance added to ore to remove
2. Explain VSEPRT theory? cuits? 4. List two sources of magnetic fields? gangue is called____.
3. What is hybridization? Explain the forma- 3. Why should we connect the electric appli- A. Magnet, moving charges, electric current 7. Aluminium is used as a reducing agent in
tion of the following molecules using ances in parallel to household circuit? 5. What is Induced current? ____ process.
hybridization? 4. Explain the working of multimeter? A. The current produced by moving a straight 8. Roasting is carried out in____furnace.
(a) BeCl2 (b)BF3 5. Define ohmic and non- ohmic conductors line in a magnetic field is called induced 9. ____ are least reactive elements.
4. Explain Lews approach to chemical with examples? current. 10. Sulphide ores are concentrated by ____
bonding? 4 Marks 6. What is Induced EMF? process.
1. State Ohms law. Suggest an experiment A. The EMF produced by moving a straight 11. The formula of Bauxite ____.
11. ELECTRIC CURRENT to verify it and explain the procedure? line in a magnetic field is called induced 12. Name the pyro chemical process in which
2. What are the factors one which the resist- EMF. ore is heated in the absence of air____.
1. The Kilowatt hour is the unit of ____ ance of conductor depends? Give the cor- 7. What are the imaginary lines that helps us
2. The S.I Unit of potential difference is responding relation? to understand the nature of the field? ANSWERS
____. 3. Derive the equation for resultant resist- A. Magnetic lines. 1) Gangue; 2) pb; 3) Reduce;
3. Units of resistance____. ance of resistors in series combination? 8. What is the flux through unit area perpen- 4) Fe2O3XH2O; 5) Blast; 6) flux;
4. The surface of earth is taken to be at ____ 4. Three resistors connect as shown in figure dicular other field? 7) Thermite; 8) Reverberatory; 9) Au, Ag;
potential. derive the equation for resultant resist- A. Flux density (or) Magnetic induction 10) froth floatation; 11) Al2O3.2H2O;
5. Kirchoffs loop law is based on the con- ance? 9. What happens when a coil without current 12) calcination.
servation of____. is made to rotate as a magnetic field?
6. Voltmeter is always connected in____ in a A. Electricity is generated. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
circuit. 10. Mention two uses of solenoid? 1 Mark
7. Units of specific resistant ____. A. It is used in electric bells, fans and motors. 1. What is poling?
8. A thick wire has a ____ resistance than a A. The method of removing impurities either
thin wire. 2 Marks for gases (or) liquids get them oxidized
9. S.I unit of electric power is____. 1. How do you appreciate the variation and form slag over surface of molten
10. 1 KWH = ____Jouls. between magnetic field and electricity that metal is called poling.
12. ELECTROMAGNETISM changed the life style of mankind? 2. What is thermite process?
ANSWERS 2. Give a few application of Faradays law of A. The exothermic reaction in which highly
1) Electric energy; 2) Volt; 3) Ohm; 1. The S.I unit of magnetic field is____. induction in daily life? reactive metals displaces low reactive
4) Zero; 5) energy; 6) parallel; 7) Ohm- 2. Faradays law of induction is the conse- 3. Which of the various methods of current metals is used in thermite process.
meter; 8) less; 9)watt; 10) 36105. quence of____. generation protects nature well. Give 3. Write the formulas of Gypsum, plaster of
examples to support your answer? paris?
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1 Mark 4 Marks
1. What are the examples of non-ohmic con- 1. How can you verify that a current carrying Linus Pauling..
ductors? wire produces a magnetic field with the The world's one of the
A. LED, Semiconductors. help of experiment? greatest scientists and a
2. Which material act as the best conductor? 2. Write any four applications of faraday great humanist. He was
acknowledged as the most influ-
A. Silver laws of induction in daily life?
ential chemist. He is the only per-
3. How is power related to current and volt- 3. Explain different ways induced current in son ever to receive two
age? a coils? unshared Nobel Prizes-
A. P = VI 4. Explain the working of AC electric gener- for Chemistry (1954)
4. A battery of 6v is applied across a resist- ator with a neat diagram? and for Peace
ance of 15. Find the current flowing 5. Explain the working electric motor with (1962).
through the circuit? neat diagram?
 VS$$ l
{]l l 26 l 2015 10th Special Physical Science 7
A. Gypsum: CaSO4, 2H2O, Plaster of Paris : 14. CARBON AND A. Graphite
CaSO4.H2O 5. What do we call the self linking property
MATCHING
ITS COMPOUNDS
4. What is calcination? of carbon? Column -I Column - II
A. Calcination is a pyrochemical process in 1. Very dilute solution of ethanoic acid ____. A. Catenation a) Plaster of Paris [d] a) CaOCl2
which the ore is heated in the absence of 2. When sodium metal is dropped in 6. Name the carboxylic acid used as a pre- b) Gypsum [e] b) NaHCO3
air. ethanol____ gas will be released. servative? c) Bleaching
5. What is froth flotation? 3. Soaps are the alkali salts of____. A. Acetic acid is the carboxylic acid used as powder [a] c) NaCO3
A. The impurities of the ore is wetted by pro- 4. Number of single covalent bonds in a preservative. d) Banking soda [b] d) CaSO4 H2O
ducing froth in water is called froth flota- ammonia are____. 7. Name the product other than water formed e) Washing soda [c] e) CaSO4. 2H2O
tion. 5. Sodium lauryl sulphate is an example of on burning of ethanol in air?
6. Write the names of any two ores of Fe? ____. A. The product other than water formed on Molecule Bond angles
A. Hematite: Fe2O3 Magnetite : Fe3O4 6. A sweet odour substance formed by the burning of ethanol is carbondioxide. 1) CH4 [c] a) 180
7. What is corrosion? reactor of an alcohol and a carboxylic and 8. What happens when a small piece of sodi- 2) NH3 [d] b) 120
A. Process of slowly coated with oxides (or) is____. um is dropped into ethanol? 3) H2O [e] c) 190 281
other salts of the metal and forms thin lay- 7. The first number of homologous series A. When a small piece of sodium is dropped 4) CO2 [a] d) 107
ers. among alkynes is____. into ethanol bubbles of hydrogen gas is 5) Bcl3 [b] e) 104.5
8. Why is carbon not used for reducing alu- 8. Commercially available ethanol is known produced.
minium from aluminium oxide? as____. 9. What is meant by Rectified spirit?
A. The oxide of aluminium is very stable and 9. The reactive part of the organic molecule A. 96% alcohol is called Rectified spirit.
can be reduced by electrolytic process. is called its ____group. 10. What is the formula of Ethyl acetate?
9. Mention two methods which produce very 10. CnH2n is the general formula of ____. A. CH3COOC2H5
pure metals? 11. Hydrocarbons having the general formula
A. Electrolytic reduction, smelting are two CnH2n+2 are called____. 2 Marks
methods which produce very pure metals. 12. Carbon compounds containing double 1. Explain with the help of a chemical equa-
10. Name two metals other than aluminium bond and triple bonds are called ____. tion how an addition reaction is used in Column -I Column - II
which are obtained by electrolytic reduc- 13. Formula of Ethyl acetate ____. vegetable ghee industry? a) Bauxite [f] a) Fe4O3
tion? 14. ____catalyst used to in the hydrogenation 2. Name the product obtained when ethanol b) Cinnabar [e] b) CaSO2.H2O
A. Sodium and Magnesium. of oils. is oxidized by either chromic Anhydride c) Limestone [d] c) MgSO4.7H2O
15. Nano tubes are discovered by which sci- (or) alkaline potassium permanganate? d) Epsom salt [c] d) CaCO3
2 Marks entist____. 3. Define homologous series of compounds e) Haematite [a] e) HgS
1. Write short notes on froth floating mention any two characteristics of homol- f) Al2O3.2H2O
process? ANSWERS ogous series?
2. Write any 4 examples of ores of sulphides? 1) Vinegar; 2) Hydrogen; 3) Higher fatty 4. Suggest a chemical test to distinguish Column -I Column - II
3. Write a note on dressing of ore in metal- acids); 4) Three; 5) Synthetic detergent; between ethanol and ethonoic acid and O
||
lurgy? 6) Ester; 7) C2H2; 8) rectified spirit; 9) fu- explain procedure? 1) Alcohol [c] a) C
4. How do you extract the metals at the top nctional; 10)Alkene; 11) Alkanes; 12)Un- 5. How do you appreciate the role of esters in
O
of the activities series? saturated compounds;13) CH3COOC2H5; everyday life? ||
5. What is difference between blast furnace 14) Nickel; 15) Sumio Lijima. 2) Aldehyde [d] b) C OH
and reverberatory furnace? 4 Marks 3) Ketone [a] c) OH
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1. Write the characteristics of homologous O
4 Marks 1 Mark series of organic compounds? ||
4) Carboxylic acid [b] d) C H
1. Write the short notes on each of the fol- 1. Nano tubes are discovered by which sci- 2. Explain the cleaning action of soaps?
lowing. entist? 3. Distinguish between esterification and O
||
(a) Distillation (b) Poling A. Sumio Lijima. saponification reaction of organic com- 5) Ester [e] e) C O
(c) Liquation (d) Electrolysis. 2. What we call a spherical aggregate of soap pounds?
2. Suggest an experiment to prove that the molecule in the soap solution in water? 4. Complete the following reactions? Column -I Column - II
presence of air and water are essential for A. Micelle. a ) CH 3CH 2OH
conH 2 SO 4
a) CH4 [d] 1) Ethanol
Heat
corrosion. Explain the procedure. 3. Which allotropic form of carbon has foot b) C2H4 [e] 2) Ethyne
3. Write a note on dressing of ore in metal- ball like structure? b) CH3COOH+NaHCO3 c) C2H2 [b] 3) Ethanoic acid
lurgy. A. Buck minister fullerene. c ) CH 4 + Cl 2
Sunlight
d) C3HCOOH [c] 4) Methane
4. What is thermite process? Mention its 4. Which allotropic form of carbon has lay- e) C3HCC2OH [a] 5) Ethene
application in daily life ered structure? d ) CH 2 = CH 2 + H 2
Ni

Important diagrams (5 Marks)
1. Heat: Draw the diagram and label the
parts to prove that the rate of increase in
temprature depends on the nature of sub-
stance.
2. Chemical reactions and equations:
Draw a neat diagram of representing elec-
trolysis of water.
3. Reflection of light by different surfaces:
Draw the ray diagram of reflection of light
in concave mirrors as an object place at.
a) Beyond the centre of curvature (beyond
C)
b) At centre of curvature.
c) In between focus point and centre of
curvature (between F-C).
d) At Focus point.
e) In between pole of the mirror and focus
point (between P-F)
4. Acids, Bases and Salts:
Draw a neat diagram showing and solu-
tion in water conducts electricity and also
label in the diagram.
6. Refraction of Light at Curved Surfaces:
1. Draw the ray diagrams when the inci-
dent ray passes through the curved sur-
faces.
a) Rarer medium to denser medium
b) Denser medium to rarer medium.
7. Human Eye and Colourful world: Draw
the structure of human eye and explain its
parts.
8. Structure of Atom:
1. Draw the shapes of s, p, d orbitals.
2. Draw the diagram of electromagnetic
waves and label the parts.
3. Draw the diagram of Moeller chart.
12. Electromagnetism:
1. Draw the diagram of AC electric gener-
ator and label its parts.
2. Draw the diagram of DC electric gener-
ator and label its parts.
3. Draw the diagram of electric motor and
label its parts.
4. Draw the diagram of magnetic field
lines when current passes through the
solenoid and label its parts.
13. Principles of Metallurgy:
1. Draw the diagram of magnetic sepera-
tor for enrichment of the ore and label
its parts.
2. Draw a neat diagram of reverberatory
furnace and label its parts.
3. Draw a neat diagram of Blast furnace
and label its parts.
4. Draw the diagram showing Froth
floatation and label its parts.
14. Carbon and its compounds:
1. Draw the diagrams of Diamond and
Graphite, label the parts.
2. Draw the electronic dot structure of
ethane molecule.
Wohler
Friedrich.. German
chemist who was a stu-
dent of Berzelius. In attempt-
ing to prepare ammonium
cyanate from silver cyanide and
ammonium chloride, he acciden-
tally synthesized urea in
1828. This was the first
organic synthesis,
and shattered the
vitalism theory.
 VS$$ l
8 10th Special Physical Science {]l l 26 l 2015

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

The average kinetic energy of the mole-
cules is directly proportional to the
obsolute temperature.

Boiling is the process in which the liquid
phase changes to gaseous phase at a con-
stant temperature and constant pressure.

The process of escaping of molecules from
the surface of a liquid at any temperature is
called evaporation and it is a cooling
process.

A Chemical equation is said to be balanced,
when the number of atoms of each element
is same on both reactants side and products
side.

Acidic and basic solutions in water conduct
electricity because they produce hydrogen
ions and hydroxide ions respectively.

A neutral solution has a PH of 7, while an
acidic solution has a PH less than 7 and a
basic solution has a PH more than 7.

The angle of incidence, at which the light
ray travelling from denser to rarer medium
grazes the interface, is called the critical
angle for those media. Sin C=n2/n1, where
n1 is the refractive index of denser medium
and n2 is the refractive index of rarer medi-
um. (n1> n2).

The process of re-emission of absorbed
light in all directions with different intensi-
ties by atoms or molecules, is called scat-
tering of light.

The arrangment of electrons in shells, sub-
shells and orbitals in an atom is called the
electron configuration.

Anomalies in arrangment of elements
based on increasing atomic mass could be
removed when the elements were arranged
in order of increasing atomic number, a
fundamental property of the element dis-
covered by Moseley.

The force between any two atoms or a
group of atoms that results in the formation
of stable entity is called chemical bond.

In the formation of ionic bond the atoms of
electro positive elements lose their valence
electrons to atoms of electro negative ele-
ments so that both of them can attain octet
in their valence shell.

Electric potential difference between
points in an electric circuit is the work
done to move a unit positive charge from
one point to another.

Ohm's law is valid for metal conductors at
constant temperature. It is not applicable
for gaseous conductors and semiconduc-
tors.

Electric power is the product of potential
difference and the current. SI unit of power
is watt (W).

Magnetic flux density (B) is defined as the
ratio of flux passing through a plance per-
pendicular to field and the area of the
plane.

Physical methods adopted in dressing the
ore are: hand picking, washing, froth flota-
tion, Magnetic separation etc.

Carbon forms a large variety of com-
pounds. its tetravalency and the property of
catenation and ability to form four single
bonds, a double bond and two single
bonds, a triple bond and a single bond or
two double bonds makes carbon versatile
and brings one special branch in chemistry
for carbon compounds.

Carbon compounds with identical molecu-
lar formula but different structures are
called structural isomers.

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION PHYSICAL CONSTANTS VALUES CHEMICAL

SUBSTANCES FORMULAS
Sodium (11) : 1s22s22p63s1 Specific heat of lead : 0.031Cal/g-C;130 J/Kg - k
Potassium (19) : 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Specific heat of Mercury : 0.033Cal/g-C; 139 J/Kg k Substance : Formula
Calcium (20) : 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 Latent heat of fusion : 80 Cal / gm Bauxite : Al2O32H2O
Iron (26) : 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 Latent heat of Vaporization : 540 Cal / gm
Epsum salt : MgSO47H2O
Chromium (24) : 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 Refractive Index of Diamond : 2.42
Refractive Index of Benzene : 1.50 Sinnabar : HgS
Copper (29) : 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10
Refractive Index of Quartz : 1.46 Magnetite : Fe3O4
Phosphrous (15) : 1s22s22p63s23p3
Nickel (28) : 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8 Galena : PbS
Sulphur (16) : 1s22s22p63s23p4 Carnalite : KClMgCl26H2O
Zinc (30) : 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10 USES Gypsum : CaSO4 2H2O
Calorimeter : Determination of specific heat of sub- Pyrotusite : MnO2
SCIENTISTS stance.
Hypo : Na2S2O32H2O
Thermometer : Determination of Temperature
Faraday : Laws of electrolysis. Prism : Observation of Angle of Dispersion. Bleaching powder : CaOCl2
Maxwell : Electron magnetic theory pH paper : Observation of Acid Base Strength. Plaster of Paris : CaSO4H2O
J.J. Thomson : Watermelon model. Bleaching powder : Used as decolorizing agent, oxidant, used Ethanol : C2H5OH
Rutherford : Planetory Model in preparation of chloroform, used in
Einstein : Laws of mass equivalence chlorination process. Ethyl Acetate : CH3COOC2H5
Sommerfeld : Elliptical orbit model Baking Soda : Manufacture of cakes, preparation of Soap : C17H35COONa
Schrodinger : Wave equation Antacid, preparation of Anti septic. Zincite : ZnO
Maxplank : Quantum theory Washing Soda : Used in Glass, soap, paper industry
Lime stone : CaCO3
Neils Bohr : Principle Quantum number preparation of borax, used to removal of
Ulenbeck & Goudsmith : Spin Quantum number hardness of water. Horn silver : AgCl
Dobereiner : Triad Theory Galvanometer : Determination of electric current. Zinc Blende : ZnS
Sorensen : pH Scale Electric motor : Convert the electric energy to mechanical Rock Salt : NaCl
Newlands : Octave theory energy. Hematite : Fe2O3
Sumio Lijima : Nanotubes Dynamo : Convert the mechanical energy to electric
energy
Blast furnace : used to smelting process. Different Solutions pH Values
PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF Voltmeter : Determine the potential difference.
Solution pH value
ELEMENTS HCl 1
Atomic Property In groups In period NaOH 13-14
(from top (from Left UNITS
Distilled water 7
to bottom) Right)
Specific heat : cal/g.c (or) J/Kg-k. Lemonjuice 2.5
Atomic size Increases Decreases Latent heat of fusion : Cal /gm (or) J/k.g Coffee 5
Ionization Potential Decreases Increases Power of lens : dioptres
Carrot Juice 4
Electron affinity Decreases Increases Electric current : Ampere
Electro negativity Decreases Increases Specific resistivity : Ohm-mt Soda Water 6
Electro Positivity Increases Decreases Electric energy : KWH Tomato Juice 4.1
Oxidation Decreases Increases Atomic Radius : Angstrom Unit (A) Saliva (before meal) 7.4
Ionization potential : Electron Volt. Saliva (after meal) 5.8
Reduction Increases Decreases