CHAPTER 2 DIODE APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 2 14. Maximum voltage appearing across the diode in

DIODE APPLICATIONS reverse bias
PIV
1. An open primary or secondary winding of a power
supply transformer results in 15. Caused by the charging and discharging of the
0V filter capacitor
Ripple voltage
2. The output frequency of a half-wave rectifier is
_________to/of the input frequency 16. A systematic process of isolating, identifying, and
Equal correcting a fault in a circuit or system
Troubleshooting
3. What is the average value of the half-wave
rectified voltage given 25 V as its peak amplitude? 17. Allows unidirectional current through the load
7.95 V during the entire 360 of the input cycle
Full-wave rectifier
4. The PIV rating of the bridge diodes is
__________to/than that required for the center- 18. Allows current through the load only during one-
tapped configuration. half of the cycle.
Less Half-wave rectifier
5. Diode circuits used to clip off portions of signal
voltages above or below certain levels, 19. Generally used because of the surge current that
Clippers initially occur s when power is first turned on
Slow-blow type fuse
6. The output frequency of a full-wave rectifier is
________ the input frequency 20. A figure of merit used to specify the performance
Twice of a voltage regulator
regulation
7. A transformer is generally specified based on
_____________rather than the turns ratio, CHAPTER 3 SPECIAL- PURPOSE DIODES
Secondary voltage CHAPTER 3
8. The period of a full-wave rectified voltage is SPECIAL- PURPOSE DIODES
____________ that of a half-wave rectified voltage
Half 1. Diodes that were designed to operate in reverse
breakdown
9. The indication of the effectiveness of the filter is Zener diode
called
Ripple factor 2. A device that operates in reverse bias
photodiode
10. Eliminates the fluctuations in the rectified voltage
and produces a relatively smooth dc voltage 3. A zener diode operating in breakdown acts as a
Filter Voltage regulator
4. A positive temperature means that the zener
11. Circuit that maintains a constant dc voltage for voltage
variations in the input line voltage or in the load Increases with an increase in temperature on
Regulator decreases with decrease in temperature.

12. A type of full-wave rectifier that uses two diodes 5. A diode that always operates in reverse-bias and is
connected to the secondary of a center-tapped doped to maximize the inherent capacitance of the
transformer depletion region is
Center-tapped rectifier Laser

13. Use clamping action to increase peak rectified 6. When the light-emitting diode (LED) is forward-
voltages without the necessity of increasing the biased, __________pass the pn junction and
transformers voltage rating recombine with____________ in the
Voltage multipliers _________material.
Electrons, holes, p-type CHAPTER 4 BIPOLAR JUNCTION
TRANSISTORS
7. The first visible red LEDs were produced using CHAPTER 4
GaAsp BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

8. The normalized output of the visible red, yellow, 1. Which is the least of the three transistor currents?
green and blue LED peaks at __________________ Base
(nm) respectively.
660,590,540, and 460 2. The ratio of the dc collector current to the dc base
current of the transistor is,
9. Organic LEDs and LEDs produce light through the dc beta/dc current gain
process of __________ and ___________
respectively. 3. the ratio of the dc collector current to the dc
Electrophophorescence and electroluminescence emitter current
dc alpha
10. An increase in the amount of light intensity
produces an increase in 4. Determine the base current given dc beta=100 , dc
Reverse current alpha=0.85, and IC= 3.70mA
0.037mA
11. A diode that can be used as a variable-resistance
device controlled by light intensity. 5. Nonconducting state of a transistor
Photodiode Cutoff

12. A diode that operates only with majority carriers 6. State of a BJT in which the collector current has
Schottky diode reached maximum and is dependent of the base
current Saturation
13. A diode that takes advantage of the variable
forward resistance characteristic. 7. Neither the base-emitter nor the base-collector
PIN diode junctions are forward-biased
cutoff
14. No reverse leakage current
Schottky diode 8. dc beta varies with
collector current and temperature
15. Diode used in VHF and fast switching
applications 9. hFE varies with which transistor current/s?
Step- Recovery diode Collector only

16. When a PIN diode is forward-biased, it acts like 10. Converts light energy to electrical signal
a Phototransistor
Current-controlled variable resistance
11. Devices used to electrically isolate circuits
17. If a tunnel diode is placed in series with the tank Optocouplers
circuit and biased at the center of the negative-
resistance portion of its characteristic curve, a 12. A key parameter in optocouplers is the CTR.
_________ will result in the output. CTR standsfor
Constant sinusoidal voltage Current transfer ratio

18. The tunnel diode is only used at 13. Indication of how efficiently a signal is coupled
VHF from input to output
CTR
19. In a varactor diode, what happens to the
capacitance if the reverse-bias voltage decreases 14. RF transistors are designed to operate at
a. Increases EHF

20. The varactor capacitance ratio is also known as 15. What transistor category/ies uses plastic or metal
a. Tuning ratio packages?
General-purpose transistors
16. To operate as an amplifier, BE junction must be
forward-biased and the BC junction must be reverse-
biased. This is called
Forward-reverse bias
17. In a phototransistor, what transistor current/s is
produced and controlled by light?
Base
18. Two basic package types
Through-hole and surface mount
19. The process of increasing the power, voltage, or
current by electronic means.
Amplification
CHAPTER 5
TRANSISTOR BIAS CIRCUITS
1. What biasing method is common in switching
circuits?
Base bias
2. A Base bias in linear region shows that it is
Directly dependent on dc beta
3. In an emitter-feedback bias, if the collector
currentincreases, the emitter voltage Increases
4. What happens to the base voltage in no. 10?
Increases
5. In an emitter-feedback, the increase in base voltage
_________ the base current. Reduces
6. For collector-feedback bias, what provides the bias
for the base-emitter junction? Collector voltage
7. As temperature goes up in a collector-feedback
circuit, DC and VBE goes _______ and
__________, respectively.
Up and down
8. Collector-feedback bias provides good stability
using negative feedback from
Collector to base
9. Innovations in technology would allow a doubling
of the number of transistors in a given space every
year and that the speed of those transistors would
increase. This prediction is widely known as
Moores law
10. If an amplifier is not biased with correct dc
voltages on the input and output, it can go
___________ when an input signal is applied.
Saturation or cutoff
11. Given a voltage-divider biased BJT, determine IC
given VCC, R1, R2, RC, and RE which are 10V,
10kohms, 4.7kohms, 1kohm, and 470ohms
respectively. Use DC= 100.
5.31mA
12. What is the value of VCE in no.20?
2.19 V
13. If an emitter resistor is added to a base bias
circuit, what is the value of the emitter current given
VCC, RE, RC, and RB as 10V, 1k, 470, and
180k, respectively. Use DC=100.
3.32mA
14. Calculate for VCE in no. 22
5.12 V
15. If the dc beta in the preceding drops half of
its originalvalue, find the percent change in IC.
39.16%
16. What is the percent change in VCE?
27.17%
17. The region along the load line including all points
between saturation and cutoff
Linear region
18. A voltage divider for which loading effects can
be neglected
Stiff voltage divider
19. The base bias circuit arrangement has poor
stability because its Q-point varies widely with
Dc beta
20. The purpose of biasing a circuit is to establish a
proper stable ________.
Q-point
21. The process of returning a portion of a circuits
output back to the input in such a way as to oppose or
aid a change in the output
Feedback
CHAPTER 6 BJT AMPLIFIERS
CHAPTER 6
BJT AMPLIFIERS
1. Amplifiers designed to handle small __________
signals are referred to as small-signal amplifiers.
ac only
2. Which of the r parameters is the most important?
re
3. Determine the ac emitter resistance that is
operating with a dc emitter current of 5mA.
5.0
4. If ac=hfe, ac=?
hfb
5. Which of the three amplifier configurations exhibit
high voltage gain and high current gain?
Common-emitter
6. An amplifier configuration which has a voltage
gain of approximately 1, a high input resistance and
current gain,
Common-collector
7. An amplifier configuration which provides high
voltage gain with a maximum current gain of 1.
Common-base
8. Which of the amplifier configurations is the most
appropriate for certain applications where sources
tend to have low-resistance outputs?
Common-base
9. In a common-emitter amplifier, any change in
input signal voltage results in
Opposite change in collector signal voltage
10. The ac voltage gain is the ratio of
ac output voltage at the collector to ac input voltage
at the base
11. the reduction in signal voltage as
it passes through a circuit
attenuation
12. the overall voltage gain of the common-emitter
amplifier is the product of the voltage gain from base
to collector and
reciprocal of the attenuation
13. Without the bypass capacitor, the CE amplifiers
emitter is no longer at ac ground. How does this
affect the amplifier?
It decreases the ac voltage gain
14. The measure of how well an amplifier maintains
its design values over changes in temperature,
Stability
15. Swamping is a method used to minimize
the effect of the ____________without reducing the
voltage gain to its minimum value.
ac emitter resistance
16. ___________ contains two transistors. The
collectors of two transistors are connected and the
emitter of the first drives the base of the second.
Darlington pair
17. _____________ consists of two types of
transistors, npn and a pnp.
Complementary Darlington
18. An amplifier configuration in which the input
signal is capacitively coupled to the emitter and the
output is capacitively coupled from the collector,
Common-base
19. Which of the amplifier configurations is/are
useful at high frequencies when impedance matching
is required?
Common-base
20. The power gain of a common-base amplifier is
approximately equal to
Voltage gain
21. BJT amplifier that produces output that are a
function of the difference between two input
voltages,
Differential amplifier
22. Ideally, a diff-amp provides a very high gain for
single-ended or differential signals and
_____________ gain for common-mode signals.
0
23. Input signals are out of phase
Differential amplifier
CHAPTER 7 POWER AMPLIFIERS
CHAPTER 7
POWER AMPLIFIERS
1. It is the product of Q-point current and voltage of a
transistor with no signal input
Power dissipation

2. The ____________ of an amplifier is the ratio of
the output signal power supplied to a load to the total
power from the dc supply.
Efficiency
3. Which amplifier operates in the linear region for
180 deg. Of the input cycle when biased in cutoff and
is in cutoff for 180 deg?
Class B
4. These amplifiers are biased to conduct for slightly
more than 180 deg.
Class AB
5. An amplifier that is generally used
in Radio Frequencyapplications
Class C
6. Implemented with a laser diode
Current mirror
7. An amplifier that is biased below cutoff and is
normally operated with resonant circuit load
Class C
8. The four classes of power amplifiers are classified
based on the percentage of the ____________which
the amplifier operates in its ________region
Input cycle, linear
9. It is the ratio of the output power to the input
power
Power gain
10. Product of the rms load current and the rms load
voltage
Output power
11. A type of class B amplifier with two transistors in
which one transistor conducts for one half-cycle and
the other conducts for the other half-cycle
Push-pull
12. Amplifiers that are generally used in Radio
Frequency Applications.
Class C amplifiers
13. Another term for complementary Darlington
Sziklai pair
14. An advantage of push-pull class B and class AB
amplifiers over class A
Efficiency
15. The Q-point is at _________ at class B operation
Cutoff
16. Operates in the linear region where the output
signal is an amplified replica of the input signal
Class A
17. Amplifiers that have the objective of delivering
power to a load
Power amplifers
18. When the Q-point is at the center of the ac load
line, a maximum class ________ signal can be
obtained.
A
19. The maximum efficiency of capacitively coupled
class A amplifier cannot be higher than
25%
20. The low efficiency of class A amplifiers limits
their usefulness to small power applications that
require usually less than ________.
1W
CHAPTER 8 FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS
CHAPTER 8
FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS
1. FETs are preferred device in low-voltage
switchingapplications; while______ transistor is
generally used in high-voltage switching
applications.
IGBT
2. What type of JFET operates with a reverse-biased
pn junction to control current in the channel?
JFET
3. An n-channel universal transfer characteristic
curve is also known as
Transconductance curve
4. The change in drain current for a given change in
gate-to-source voltage with the drain-to-source
voltage constant
Forward transconductance
5. What is the most common type of JFET bias?
Self-bias
6. It is a method for increasing the Q-point stability
of a self-biased JFET by making the drain current
essentially independent of gate-to-source voltage
Current-source bias
7. What JFET bias uses a BJT as a constant-current
source?
Current-source bias IGBT

8. For increased Q-point stability, the value of RS in 21. Has a lateral channel structure and is a type of
the self-bias circuit is increased and connected to a enhancement MOSFET designed for power
negative supply voltage. This sometimes called applications.
Dual-supply bias LDMOSFET

9. VGS varies quite a bit for JFET self-bias and

voltage-divider bias but ID is much more stable with CHAPTER 9 FET AMPLIFIERS AND
Voltage-divider bias SWITCHING CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 9
10. ____________ is sometimes called FET AMPLIFIERS AND SWITCHING
depletion/enhancementMOSFET. CIRCUITS
D-MOSFET
1. An amplifier that primarily uses only MOSFETs.
11. LDMOSFET has a lateral channel structure and is Class D
a type of
Enhancement MOSFET 2. A process in which an input signal is converted to
a series of pulses with widths that varies
12. It is an example of the conventional E- proportionally to the amplitude of the input signal.
MOSFET designed to achieve higher power PWM
capability
VMOSFET 3. It removes the modulating frequency and
harmonics and passes only the original signal to the
13. Following are the three ways to bias a MOSFET output.
except Low-Pass Filter
Current-source bias
4. The voltage gain of a common-drain amplifier is
14. The insulated-gate bipolar transistor combines always
which two transistors that make it useful in high- Slightly less than 1
voltage and high-current switching applications?
BJT and MOSFET 5. The load resistance connected to the drain of a
common-source amplifier reduces ____________
15. What are the three terminals of IGBT? Voltage gain
Gate, collector, emitter
6. What is the relationship between the input
16. In terms of switching speed, __________ switch resistance of a common-gate amplifier to its
fastest and _____________ switch slowest. transconductance?
MOSFETs, BJTs They are inversely proportional

17. In a MOSFET, the process of removing or 7. The efficiency of a class D amplifier approaches
depleting the channel of charge carriers and thus 100%
decreasing the channel conductivity
Depletion 8. The input signal is applied to the gate and the
output is taken from source
18. The ratio of change in drain current to a change in Common-drain
gate-to source voltage in a FET
Transconductance 9. A nonlinear amplifier in which the transistors are
operated as switches
19. A FET is called a ______________ because of Class D
the relationship of the drain current to the square of a
term containing gate-to-source voltage 10. A device that switches an analog signal on and
Square-law device off
20. Combines features from both the MOSFET and Analog switch
the BJT that make it useful in high-voltage and high-
current switching applications. 11. Consists of two or more analog switches that
connect sample portions of their analog input signals
to single output in a time sequence
Analog multiplexer
12. Used in low-power digital switching circuits
CMOS
13. Amplifier commonly used as frequency
multiplier
Class C
14. The least efficient amplifier
Class A
15. An amplifier that is biased below cutoff
Class c
16. A class of amplifier that operates in the linear
region for only a small part of the input cycle
Class C
17. In a class AB amplifier, if the VBE drops are not
matched to the diode drops or if the diodes are not in
thermal equilibrium with the transistors, this can
result in
Thermal runaway
CHAPTER 10 AMPLIFIER FREQUENCY
RESPONSE
CHAPTER 10
AMPLIFIER FREQUENCY RESPONSE
1. The frequency at which the output power drops to
one-half of its midrange value
Corner frequency
2. At the critical frequencies the output voltage is
70.7% of its midrange value. What is the value of
voltage gain in dB?
-3 dB
3. What is the other term for lower critical
frequency?
All of the above
4. The condition where the gain is down 3 dB is
logically called _________ of the amplifier response
-3 dB point
5. The upper and lower dominant critical frequencies
are sometimes called
Half-power frequencies
6. A characteristic of an amplifier in which the
product of the voltage gain and the bandwidth is
always constant when the roll-off is -20 dB/ decade.
Gain-bandwidth product
7. Critical frequencies are values of frequency at
which the RCcircuits reduce the voltage gain to
____________ of its midrange value.
70.7%
8. An octave of frequency change is a ________
-times change
2
9. Which of the following has no effect on the low-
frequency response?
Internal transistor capacitances
10. What is the gain that occurs for the range of
frequencies between the lower and upper critical
frequencies?
Midrange gain
11. Which of the following is not a method in
frequency response measurement?
Roll-off measurement
12. If the voltage gain is less than one, what is the
value of the dB gain?
Negative
13. A plot of dB voltage gain versus frequency on
semilog graph paper
Bode plot
14. The critical frequency at which the curve
breaks into a -20dB/decade drop
Lower break frequency
15. The change in gain or phase shift over a specified
range of input signal frequencies
Frequency response
16. A unit of logarithmic gain measurement and is
commonly used to express amplifier response
Decibel
17. The lower and upper critical frequencies of an
amplifier can be determined using the
_____________ method by applying a voltage step to
the input of the amplifier and measuring the rise and
fall times of the resulting output voltage
Step-response method
18. The coupling an bypass capacitors of an amplifier
affect the _________ frequency response: high or
low
Low
19. The internal transistor capacitances affect the
_________ frequency response: high or low
High
20. Two frequency response measurement
Frequency/amplitude and step
21. The Miller input and output capacitances for a
BJT inverting amplifier depends on
Voltage gain
22. When dB is negative, it is usually called_______
Attenuation
CHAPTER 11 THYRISTORS
CHAPTER 11
THYRISTORS
1. It is like the four-layer diode but with the added
gate connection
SCR
2. This is the maximum continuous anode current that
the device can withstand in the conduction state
under specifies conditions.
Average forward current
3. What bilateral thyristor functions basically like
two parallel SCRs turned in opposite directions with
a common gate terminal?
Triac
4. ____________ does not belong to the thyristor
family because it does not have a four-layer type of
construction.
UJT
5. It can be used a trigger device for SCRs and triacs.
UJT
6. It is a type of three-terminal thyristor that is
triggered into conduction when the voltage at the
anode exceeds the voltage at the gate.
PUT
7. A region of forward bias in which the device has a
very high forward resistance and is in the off state
Forward-blocking region
8. A method for turning-off the SCR that basically
requires momentarily forcing current through the
SCR in the direction opposite to the forward
conduction
Forced commutation
9. The value of gate current necessary to switch the
SCR from the forward-blocking region to the
forward-conduction region under specified
conditions.
Gate Trigger Current
10. A four-layer semiconductor device that operates
essentially as does the conventional SCR except that
it can also be light-triggered.
LASCR
11. Functions basically like two parallel 4- layer
diodes turned in opposite directions.
Diac
12. A diac with gate terminal
Triac
13. A four-terminal thyristor that has two gate
terminals that are used t trigger the device on and off
Silicon Controlled Device (SCS)
14. A type of three-terminal thyristor that is triggered
into conduction when the voltage at the anode
exceeds the voltage at the gate.
Programmable Unijunction Transistor (PUT)
15. The characteristic of a UJT that determines its
turn-on point
Standoff-ratio
16. The four-layer diode is also called
Shockley diode
17. The region that corresponds to the on condition of
the SCR where there is forward current from anode to
cathode through the very low resistance of the SCR
Forward_ conduction region
18. The SCR can only be turned on using its
_________ terminal
Gate
19. Acts as the trigger source in the LASCRs
Light
20. A thyristor that conducts when the voltage across
its terminals exceeds the breakover potential
4-layer diode
21. Basic methods of for turning off an SCR
Anode current interruption and forced
commutation
CHAPTER 12 THE OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIER
CHAPTER 12
THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
1. The measure of an amplifiers ability to reject
common-mode signals
CMRR
2. It is the typical value of input offset voltage in the
ideal case.
0V
3. It is the dc current required by the inputs of the
amplifier to properly operate the first stage.
Input bias current
4. It is the resistance viewed from the
output terminal of the op-amp
Output impedance
5. The total resistance between the inverting and
noninverting inputs
Differential input impedance
6. Differential impedance is measured by determining
the change in ___________ for a given change in
differential input voltage.
Bias current
7. Common temperature coefficient for the offset
current
0.5nA/C
8. Functions of negative feedback in an op-amp
Stabilize gain and increase frequency response
9. The voltage gain of an op-amp with external
feedback
Closed-loop voltage gain
10. A special case of the noninverting amplifier
where all of the output voltage is fed back to the
inverting input by a straight connection
Voltage-follower configuration
11. The value of the frequency at which the gain
steadily decreases to a point where it is equal to
unity
Unity-gain frequency Or unity gain bandwidth
12. It is always equal to the frequency at which the
op-amps open- loop gain is unity or 0 dB.
Gain-bandwidth product
13. The relative angular displacement of a time-
varying function relative to a reference.
Phase shift
14. The three terminals of the basic op-amp not
including power and ground
Inverting input, noninverting input, and output
15. It has the highest input impedance and the lowest
output impedance of the three amplifier
configurations
Voltage-follower
16. The _________ of an op-amp equals the upper
critical frequency.
Bandwidth
17. Two types of op-amp input operation.
Differential mode and common-mode
18. A ____________ differentiator uses a capacitor
in series with the inverting input.
Ideal
19. An ideal op-amp has ___________ value for
voltage gain, bandwidth, and input impedance.
Infinite
20. What should be the output voltage of an op-amp
when the differential input is zero
Zero
21. The ideal op-amp has __________ output
impedance
Zero
22. The three basic op-amp configurations
Inverting, noninverting, and voltage follower
23. The closed-loop voltage gain is _________ than
the open-loop voltage gain. (more or less)
Less
24. Does the gain of an op-amp decreases
or increases as frequency increases above the critical
frequency
Decreases
25. Devices such as the diode and the transistor
which are separate devices that
are individually packaged and interconnected in a
circuit with other devices to form a complete,
functional unit.
Discrete components
26. Most op-amps operate with how many dc supply
voltage?
2 (positive and negative)
27. Datasheets often refer to the open-loop voltage
gain as the ______________
Large-signal voltage gain
CHAPTER 13 BASIC OP-AMP CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 13
BASIC OP-AMP CIRCUITS
1. A common interfacing process often used when a
linearanalog system must provide inputs to a digital
system.
A/D conversion
2. Method of A/D conversion that uses parallel
comparators to compare the linear input signal with
various reference voltages developed by a voltage
divider
Flash
3. Produces an output that is proportional to the rate
of change of the input voltage
Differentiator
4. The difference between the UTP and the LTP
Hysteresis voltage
5. Used to generate pulse waveform from the
sine wave output of the audio generator.
Voltage comparator
6. When the output is at the maximum positive
voltage and the input exceeds UTP, the output
switches to the _________ negative voltage
Maximum
7. Uses a capacitor in the feedback path which is
open to dc. This implies that the gain at dc is the
open-loop gain of the op-amp.
Practical integrator
8. Gives an op-amp noise immunity
Hysteresis
9. Used to detect positive and negative voltages by
connecting a fixed reference voltage source to the
inverting input of a zero-level detector.
Nonzero-Level detection
10. A good example of hysteresis
Thermostat
11. A comparator with three trigger points
Schmitt Trigger
12. The output of Schmitt trigger is
Pulse waveform
13. In a comparator with output bounding, what type
of diode is used in the feedback loop?
Zener
14. Necessary components for the design of a
bounded comparator
Rectifier and zener diodes
15. Type of circuit that uses comparators
Nonzero-level detector
16. Variations of the basic summing amplifier
Averaging and scaling amplifier
17. Differentiation of a ramp input produces a step
output with an amplitude proportional to the
_________
Slope
18. Another term for flash
Simultaneous
19. Integration of a step input produces a ramp output
with the slope proportional to the _________
Amplitude
CHAPTER 14 SPECIAL PURPOSE OP-
AMP CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 14
SPECIAL PURPOSE OP-AMP CIRCUITS
1. Provides dc isolation between input and output
Isolation amplifier
2. Ratio of the output current to the input voltage
Transconductance
3. Transconductance is __________ of an OTA
Gain
4. A comparator with hysteresis where the input
voltage is large enough to drive the device into its
saturated states
Schmitt trigger
5. The ______________ of a number is the power to
which the base must be raised to get that number.
Logarithm
6. An amplifier that produces an output that is
proportional to the logarithm of the input.
Log amplifier
7. Used in applications where it is necessary to have
an output current that is controlled by an input
voltage.
Voltage-to-current converter
8. The circuit used to detect the peak of the input
voltage and store that peak voltage on a capacitor.
Peak detector
9. The exponent to which the base e must be raised in
order to equal a given quantity.
Natural logarithm
19. In a peak detector, an op-amp is used as a
__________ to charge a capacitor through a diode to
the peak value of the input voltage.
Comparator
20. A basic instrumentation amplifier is formed by
three op-amps and ________ resistors, including the
gain setting resistor.
Seven (7)
21. An oscillator that can be either amplitude or pulse
modulated by the signal from the input amplifier
High-frequency oscillator

10. In an OTA, transconductance varies with

_________.
Bias current

11. Amplifiers that are often used in HF

communication systems, including fiber optics, for
processing wide dynamic range signals.
Log and antilog amplifiers

12. The key characterisctic of an instrumentation

amplifier
CMRR

13. The voltage gain of instrumentation amplifier is

set by a
Resistor

14. The log amplifier may use the ___________

junction of a BJT in the feedback loop
Base-emitter

15. The main purpose of an instrumentation amplifier

is to amplify _____ signals that are riding on _____
common-mode voltages.
small, large

16. The ___________ of an OTA is the input voltage

times the transconductance
Output current

17. The operation of log and antilog amplifiers is

based on the __________ characteristics of a pn
junction
Nonlinear
(logarithmic)

18. A log amplifier has a pn junction in the feedback

loop, and an antilog amplifier has a pn junction in
__________ with the input
Series