Helmet Magazine Oct Dec2013 4330

Helmet
Environment Health Safety Oct - Dec 2013 Volume - 4 Issue - 3
Safety Month kicks off with

Zero Incident
as goal
Focus
This issue of Helmet covers an interesting
collection of EHS based stories that range
Contents
from electrical safety, water conservation,
dust protection to safe piling operations.
Helmet also welcomes on board Mr. Stephen
Phillip Storey, who has joined us recently, as
Buildings and
Factories................................ 6
32
Head EHS, of Heavy Civil Infrastructure. He
brings with him a rich and varied, world-wide Transportation
experience in the domain of EHS. Wishing Mr. Infrastructure ........................
Storey all success in his career with L&T.
The lead story is on the safety month inaugural

function held at HQ which has spurred
several interesting and meaningful activities
Heavy Civil
Infrastructure ........................ 35
37
at the sites and at HQ as well. A glimpse of the
Water & Effluent
road safety week walkathon also finds a place
in this issue apart from other EHS events Treatment .............................
including appreciation and certifications.
Hope that you find these articles useful and

interesting.
Power Transmission &
Distribution . ......................... 40
Happy reading. Larsen & Toubro
Oman ................................... 53
Editor : V. S. Ramana
Metallurgical
And Material Handling . ........ 56
Editorial team : Vinod Jacob Chacko
V. Ramesh Kumar | Gopi Kannan. S
Ashwin Chand | Mayura. K
Subha Anand | Shamala Nadendla
Content by : M. Kamarajan | P. Nagarajan
R.N.Tripathy | Kumar Shailendra
Md Quaisar Imam
Sathyanarayana Seelamanthula
Murali Krishnan | P.V. Kaliappan
Nick Abalde | V. Balaji
Mathivanan Palaniappan
S. Anantha Prasanna Venkatesh
Photography : V. S. Natanavelu | R. Vijay Kumar
Design & layout : Global Print Design, Chennai
Human chain in the form of L&T Logo done as part of safety month
celebrations at one of PT&D (International) project sites at UAE.
Ushering in the New Year
with a focus on EHS
Safety month inauguration
A
s is customary at L&T, January was again observed as
Safety Month and was kicked off with an Inaugural
Function at L&T Constructions HQ in Manapakkam
that saw a fair representation of the leadership team as well
as employees.
To achieve the goal of ZERO INCIDENT, was what

Mr. M.V. Satish, Senior Vice President & Head - Buildings
& Factories IC, emphasized in his welcome address, and
the need for all stakeholders including line leaders, HR,
P&M, Procurement and other Service Units to participate in
achieving this objective. He highlighted the initiatives taken
up through Suraksha Jeet which was launched by KV & SNS
to institutionalize best EHS practices, across project businesses.
He also mentioned about the Safety Innovation School
(SiS) at Kancheepuram that is being established to provide
experiential learning on safety covering practical aspects of
high risk activities.
Though there was significant improvement in L&T

Constructions EHS performance, he warned that there was
still a long way to go and urged everyone to provide unstinted
support and guidance to take EHS to greater heights and help
the organization attain global EHS benchmarking across all its
operations.
Mr. Kumar Shailendra Chief Environment Health &

Safety (EHS) Manager, PT&D then administered the safety
pledge.
In his inaugural speech, Mr. S. N. Subrahmanyan,

Member of the Board & Senior Executive Vice President
(Infrastructure & Construction) stressed the role of safety in
the construction business. He sought further improvement
in the Companys safety performance and greater effort
to achieve global benchmarking in EHS implementation.
EHS implementation, he felt, was a collective responsibility
that required a positive mindset. He emphasized the need
to aim for zero incidents across operations and urged the
safety team to explore possibilities of unique technological
interventions which could improve EHS implementation
without deviations including housekeeping.
HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 3

organization-wide program for safety cultural
transformation. He informed that around 30 EHS initiatives
for selective implementation at project businesses were
being taken up through Suraksha Jeet and thanked the
leadership team for their unstinted support.
Mr. V. Balaji, Head, Environment Health & Safety (EHS),

W&RE IC, announced the events for the month long
celebrations which included Road Safety Walkathon, Road
Safety Awareness Program, EHS Quiz Competition, First-aid
and CPR, Domestic Safety, Housekeeping Campaign, Fire
Drill, Safety Exhibition, Office Ergonomics, EHS Slogan and
Poster Competitions.
In his vote of thanks, Mr. M Kamarajan, Advisor,

Environment Health & Safety (EHS), B&F IC thanked
the gathering for their participation and reiterated the
importance of communication and the role of EHS personnel
in facilitating EHS implementation in coordination with
Mr. M.V. Satish, Senior Vice President & Head - Buildings &
the line management. He said that visible demonstration
Factories delivered the welcome address
of commitment to safety would play a key role in effective
Sharing a perspective on the journey of Suraksha Jeet, implementation of EHS endeavors. On behalf of the EHS
Mr. K N Sen, Head, Health Safety & Environment (HSE), team, he reaffirmed the commitment to take the journey
HCP said that the effort was to align EHS implementation forward towards safety cultural transformation.
levels with global standards though a comprehensive,
Mr. M.V. Satish, Senior Vice President & Head - Buildings &
Factories delivered the welcome address
4 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013

Safety Innovation School
takes root at Kanchipuram
T
he construction work for the Safety Innovation This initiative is aligned to the organizations commitment
School (SiS), at L&T Kanchipuram Campus began on, towards achieving excellence in safety and bringing about
3rd January 2014 with a ground breaking ceremony. a safety cultural transformation through Suraksha Jeet.
The foundation stone was laid by Mr. M.V. Satish, Senior
Some of the facilities envisaged:
Vice President & Head - Buildings & Factories IC and
several senior executives participated in this milestone yy Simulation for ladders, fall from height, walkway access
event. and scaffolds
yy Rigging
SiS is being developed on global standards and will
yy Confined space
have the distinction of being the first such school in the
construction sector in India. SiS will provide experiential yy Smoke chamber
learning on safety that covers practical aspects of high yy Soil collapse simulation
risk activities. This school will therefore house several yy Material handling methodology
unique facilities which envisage the use of state-of-the
yy Falling objects simulation
art technologies, lecture halls, practical halls, simulation
of site conditions thereby enhancing the effect of such yy Tunnel simulation
safety education by experiencing live on-site activities
and practical hazards prevailing at construction sites.

Safety
of Honour
R o ll
Helmet congratulates the following sites for achieving

three million and more LTI free safe man-hours
34 Mumbai International Airport Project

January 2013 to December 2013
Oberoi Exquisite phase-I Project, Goregaon
December 2009 to December 2013
23 The Address - Wadhwa Housing Project,

Ghatkopar
10 CESC Shopping Mall Project, Kolkata
July 2010 to December 2013
20 Rajashree cement plant project, Malkhed 9 Omkar Rehab project, Malad

March 2011 to December 2013
BMRCL R3-P1 Project, Bengaluru
18 Vicat Sagar Project July 2009 to December 2013

8 TCS Customer Care Centre, Siruseri

April 2012 to December 2013
16 Manikgarh cement plant project, Chandrapur
CMRL Depot project, Koyambedu
15 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Project, Dahej
September 2011 to December 2013
Wadhwa Project, BKC
TCS project, Kochi
October 2011 to December 2013
SNU Project, Dadri
DLF Capital Greens Project, Delhi
March 2013 to December 2013 IIT Phase I Project, Hyderabad
14 Cognizant Elcot IT Park Project, Sholinganallur
7
October 2012 to December 2013 Minerva Tower Project, Mumbai
ESIC Hospital Project, Kollam
April 2010 to December 2013 BMRCL R3a Project, Bengaluru
13 RMZ Galleria Project, Bangalore

February 2011 to December 2013 Omkar Rehab project, Bhoiwada
June 2011 to December 2013
Prestige Bella Vista Project, Chennai
6 TCS IT SEZ project, Adibatla, Hyderabad
August 2012 to December 2013
ITC Sonar Hotel Project, Kolkata
August 2009 to December 2013 AIIMS Project, Jodhpur
February 2012 to December 2013
11 Godrej Garden City Ph-III Project,

Ahmedabad
Jaypee Orchards Project, Delhi
6 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Buildings & Factories

Lodha New Cuffe Parade Project, Wadala PBEL Ph-II Project, Hyderabad
March 2012 to December 2013 August 2011 to December 2013
3
IREO Rise project, Mohali Vaishnavi Terraces Project, Bengaluru
March 2012 to December 2013 November 2012 to December 2013
5 Olympia Grande Project, Chennai

HCL Ph III Project, Noida
4 HCL Technologies Project, Chennai

March 2013 to December 2013 UP AWAS Vikas Basement Project,
Ghaziabad
Mahatma Mandir Ph II Project, Ahmedabad August 2012 to December 2013
May 2012 to December 2013
RG1 Car Park Project, Mumbai
Ahuja Tower Project, Mumbai February 2013 to December 2013
November 2012 to December 2013
M3M Golf Estate Ph 2A Project, Gurgaon
Hill Crest Project, Bengaluru October 2012 to December 2013
Experion Wind Chants Project, Gurgaon
Kingfisher Tower Project, Bengaluru
Jaypee Kube Project, Delhi Hyderabad Metro Rail Project

August 2012 to December 2013 November 2013 to December 2013
DLF Maiden Heights Ph I Project, Bengaluru BARC Project, Trombay

November 2012 to December 2013 June 2012 to December 2013
Principles of Safety Management

Message from B&F IC
T Principle 1
he past three issues of Helmet, dealt with
Competence Building Workshop for EHS staff, EHS
Leadership Workshop for PMs / CMs, pro-active EHS An unsafe act, unsafe condition, and an accident: symptoms
performance monitoring systems, DPR Vs DSR (Daily Progress of something wrong in the management system
Report Vs. Daily Safety Report), Safe-to-start-Work card
The focus here shifts from accidents to unsafe acts and
systems etc. taking the organization to the 4th (proactive)
and 5th (Generative) levels of safety culture. This issue deals
with an examination of whether the organization is on the
right path based on several constructive comments that Major Injuries
were received from certain quarters for which the reference
is Modern Principles of Safety Management, proposed by Minor Injuries
Dan Petersen in his book Safety Management A Human
Approach. These principles have been adopted and practiced Near Misses
very successfully by world-class business leaders in their
organizations, who have been able to establish a generative
culture among their employees and achieve zero tolerance At Risk
to unsafe practices and conditions. Behaviour
Buildings & Factories HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 7

conditions that need to be captured by requesting ALL engineers and managers to issue safety improvement slips to workmen and
the frontline supervisors, for taking corrective measures. The focus moves from symptoms to root causes for evolving permanent
solutions. The move is from actual severity to potential severity of incidents, while deciding the depth of investigation. These
are being done to improve competence of staff members across to focus on root causes. ALL employees are encouraged to report
near misses, suggestions and hazards at the work place directly to the management using the upward communication mechanism
of Toll-free number.
Principle 2
Certain set of circumstances, which can cause severe injuries, can be identified and controlled
Towards this, the Safe-to-start-Work card has been made

mandatory for activities at a height and recommended for all
other activities as well. All project sites have been requested to
introduce access control mechanisms at staircases and hoists to
ensure that only authorized personnel, with appropriate PPE, are
allowed to go to higher levels of working at the project site.
Principle 3
Safety should be managed like any other company function. Efforts toward safety should be directed by setting achievable
goals with plans, organization and control to achieve them.
Moving away from the reactive goals to proactive goals, the

aim is to facilitate various Functions / Clusters / Projects to
establish their own EHS improvement programme(s) with
targets (for permanent risk reduction through engineering
controls) and help achieve them. It is strongly advocated that
safety should be managed using the proven management
process of PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Act), rather than
depending only on PPE (Personal Protective Equipment),
training and other safety promotions!
Principle 4
The key to effective line safety performance is the management procedures that fix accountability
A proactive EHS performance monitoring system has been devised that is linked to various forms of incentives and appraisal
processes. Accountability is imperative for performance and this principle incorporates essential elements of an effective
accountability system, as listed below:
yy Established formal standards for EHS behaviour and performance (proactive)

yy Resources provided to meet those standards
yy An effective (and transparent) system of measurement
yy Effective consequences based on the measurement and

consistent application of the consequences
yy Periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of the whole

accountability process
The proactive EHS performance monitoring system meets all

the above criteria with special emphasis on the 2nd bullet point

regarding the resources to be provided to employees
for fulfilling their responsibilities, before holding them
accountable for their EHS performance. The idea of Event/
Condition
emphasizing this point is because; under no circumstances Why?
should budgetary provision be a constraint for EHS

Subevent/ Subevent/
implementation. Condition Condition
Why? Why?
Principle 5
Subevent/ Subevent/
The function of safety is to locate and define operational Condition Condition
Why? Why?
errors that cause accidents by putting known and
effective controls in place or by finding out the root
Subevent/ Root Subevent/
causes of accidents. Condition Cause Condition
A software is presently being sourced which will facilitate

identification of all possible root causes for the failure of Human
controls, as well as incidents / accidents, in addition to the error
focus on why-why analysis in the approach.
Principle 6
Error Violation
The causes of unsafe behaviour can be identified,
classified and controlled. Some of them are: overload,
traps and decisions to err.
Mistakes Routine
The theory of blaming workmen for the accidents Skill based
(carelessness/ overconfidence etc.) is being done away
with as part of investigation findings. It is presupposed
that unsafe behaviour of the workmen was caused by Rules Situational
something which needs to be established as part of the Slips based
investigation.
Principle 7 Laps
Knowledge
based
Exceptional
Unsafe behaviour is the result of people reacting to the

environment.
Frontline engineers are being urged to think about the

environment in which the activities are being carried out
by them so that hazards can be identified and controls
put in place, through a mechanism of safe-to-start-work
cards. Such self-regulatory mechanisms will influence
thinking and result in appropriate work instructions given
for the overall benefit of the organization and people.
Principle 8
Three sub systems in building an effective safety system
are: Physical, managerial and behavioural
This principle traces the movement from technical

improvements to systems and procedures (to ensure that
the improvements are captured permanently) and thence

to self-motivated people (to implement the systems) and finally We assume that everybody understands their responsibility
to a regular cultural intervention (to ensure that employees on safety but, unless we communicate, people may
possess a positive culture towards safety perennially). The misunderstand that we are not interested in safety. So beware!
essence is to generate a positive culture among employees for
Golden Rule number 2
all initiatives to take root.
Assuming that our subordinates have heard and understood
Principle 9 what was told to them, do they really believe in what we
communicate? Seeing is believing not so much as what
The safety system should fit the culture of the organization
they hear. Hence our accent has to be on doing (visible
At a recent training program on EHS Leadership Workshop, the demonstration of our commitment to safety) things than
question was posed to participants as to whether Prescriptive just talking about it. After all, we all know that we will only
approach or Goal setting approach would be more effective achieve the level of safety excellence that we demonstrate as
in implementing safety procedures at project sites, considering our desired goal!
the prevalent culture existing in the organization. While most
Golden rule number 3
participants preferred a prescriptive (the stick) approach,
about 25 to 30% preferred a goal setting (the carrot) Even if our subordinates understand and believe in our
approach. However, the same group of participants agreed communication, we have to hold them accountable to it.
wholeheartedly that the goal setting approach was the better What we mean here is accountability related to proactive
option in the long run. Therefore, a participative (caring) performance monitoring rather than reactive performance
approach should be embraced over the controlling (or monitoring, which is done after the accident!
coercive) approach. When safety teams follow these three golden rules of
communication, they are considered to be difficult people
Principle 10 yes, they are like sand paper that rubs against others. It may
sometimes be painful for others, but the people who were
For a safety system to be effective, it must meet the
rubbed against, end-up polished and the sand paper wears out
following: Force supervisory performance, involve middle
and is thrown in the dust bin safety people are proud to be
management, have top managements visible commitment,
catalysts in helping polish others.
be flexible, and be perceived as positive.
When all of us follow the above three rules of communication,
Golden Rule number 1 principle 10 will get implemented automatically!
When we communicate, what is important is not so much as to With best wishes for very positive days ahead!
what the other person hears but what he understands.
M. Kamarajan
We all go to projects and keep communicating with our sub- Head - EHS
ordinates. How much of safety communication do we do? Buildings & Factories

Harvesting rainwater
Rainwater harvesting is a technique for collecting rainwater from various hard surfaces
such as roof tops and/or other types of manmade above ground hard surfaces, storing
and using it for landscape irrigation and other uses. . An ancient practice, it is growing
in popularity because of the inherent qualities of rainwater and the interest in reducing
consumption of potable water.
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation of rainwater for Gutters
reuse before it reaches the aquifer (a layer of earth or rock
Channels all around the edge of a sloping roof to collect and
that contains water) for watering gardens, for livestock,
transport rainwater to the storage tank are called gutters.
for irrigation, etc. The harvested water can be used for
Gutters can be semi-circular or rectangular and could be made
drinking as well and if stored in a tank, can be accessed
using:
and cleaned when needed. In many places the water
collected is redirected to a deep pit with percolation so
that the water will reach the aquifer, instead of flowing to
the storm water collection system and becoming unusable. Catchment
This system becomes a source of independent water supply

during regional water restrictions and in developed countries;
it is often used to supplement the main supply. It provides Conduit
water during drought conditions or summer. Rainwater

harvesting systems are easy to understand, install and operate.
They are effective in green droughts as water is captured
from rainfall where runoff is insufficient to flow into dam
storages. The quality of captured rainwater is usually sufficient
for most household needs, reducing the need for detergents Recharge Storage
facility facility
as rainwater is soft. Financial benefits are many: rain is
renewable (perpetual) at acceptable volumes despite climate
change forecasts; rainwater harvesting systems generally
yy Locally available material such as plain galvanised iron
have low running costs and water is available at the point of
sheet (20 to 22 gauge), folded to required shapes
consumption.
yy Semi-circular gutters of PVC material can be readily
Components of a Rainwater prepared by cutting those pipes into two equal semi-
Harvesting System circular channels
yy Bamboo or betel trunks cut vertically in half

Rainwater is transported through pipes or drains, filtration,
and stored in tanks for reuse or recharge. Some common The size of the gutter is dictated by the flow during the highest
components of a rainwater harvesting system: intensity of rain and it is advisable to make them 10 to 15 per
cent oversize.
Catchments
Gutters need to be supported so that they do not sag or fall-
The catchment of a water harvesting system is the surface
off when loaded with water and depends on the construction
which directly receives the rainfall and provides water to the
of the house. It is possible to fix iron or timber brackets into
system. It can be a paved area like a terrace or courtyard of a
the walls, but for houses having wider eaves, some method of
building, or an unpaved area like a lawn or open ground. A
attachment to the rafters is necessary.
roof made of reinforced cement concrete (RCC), galvanised
iron or corrugated sheets can also be used for water
harvesting. Coarse mesh is provided at the roof to prevent Conduits
the passage of debris.
Conduits are pipelines or drains that carry rainwater from the

Sizing of rainwater pipe for roof drainage
Diameter
of pipe Average rate of rainfall in mm/h
(mm) 10 CM GRAVEL LAYER
50 75 100 125 150 200
10 CM CHARCOAL LAYER
50 13.4 8.9 6.6 5.3 4.4 3.3
65 24.1 16.0 12.0 9.6 8.0 6.0 25 CM SAND LAYER
75 40.8 27.0 20.4 16.3 13.6 10.2 25 CM GRAVEL LAYER
100 85.4 57.0 42.7 34.2 28.5 21.3
125 - - 80.5 64.3 53.5 40.0
150 - - - - 83.6 62.7
Source: A water harvesting manual for urban areas
mm/h millimeters per hour;
Source: National Building Code I. Charcoal water filter
catchment or rooftop area to the harvesting system. Conduits A simple charcoal filter can be made in a drum or an earthen
can be of any material like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or pot. The filter can be made of gravel, sand and charcoal, all of
galvanized iron (GI) - materials that are commonly available. which are easily available.
The following table gives an idea about the diameter of pipe II Sand Filter
required for draining out rainwater based on rainfall intensity
and roof area: Sand filters are commonly available apart from being easy and
inexpensive to construct. These filters can be employed for
First-flushing treatment of water to effectively remove turbidity (suspended
particles like silt and clay), colour and microorganisms. It can
A first flush device is a valve that ensures runoff from the first
be constructed domestically with the top layer comprising
spell of rain is flushed out and does not enter the system. This
coarse sand followed by a 5-10 mm layer of gravel followed by
needs to be done since the first spell of rain carries a relatively
another 5-25 cm layer of ravel and boulders.
larger amount of pollutants from the air and catchment surface.
Filter for large roof tops
When rainwater is harvested in a large rooftop area, the

filtering system should be big enough to accommodate the
excess flow for which the system designed has three concentric
circular chambers in which the outer chamber is filled with
sand, the middle one with coarse aggregate and the inner-most
layer with pebbles.
This way, the area of filtration is increased for sand, in relation

to coarse aggregate and pebbles. Rainwater reaches the centre
core and is collected in the sump where it is treated with a few
tablets of chlorine and is ready for consumption.
I) Horizontal roughing filter and slow sand filter
The introduction of horizontal roughing filter and slow sand

filter (HRF/SSF) to treat surface water has made safe drinking
Filter
water available in coastal pockets of Orissa. The major
The filter is used to remove suspended pollutants from components of this filter are:
rainwater collected over a roof and is a chamber filled with
Filter channel
filtering media such as fibre, coarse sand and gravel layers
to remove debris and dirt from the water before it enters the One square metre in cross-section and eight m in length, laid
storage tank or recharge structures. Charcoal can be introduced across the tank embankment, the filter channel consists of
for additional filtration.

three uniform compartments: the first tank is packed with filtration, absorption and ion exchange. Coming in a small and
broken bricks, the second with coarse sand, followed by fine compact 26 kg unit, the RainPC offers an affordable solution by
sand in the third compartment. The HRF usually consists of converting rainwater into drinking water.
filter material like gravel and coarse sand that successively
decreases in size from 25 mm to 4 mm. The bulk of solids in
the incoming water are separated by this coarse filter media or
HRF. At every point of outlet or inlet of the channel, fine graded 20 CM GRAVEL LAYER
mesh is implanted to prevent entry of finer materials into the
sump. The length of a channel varies according to the nature of
30 CM SAND LAYER
the site selected for the sump.
20 CM GRAVEL LAYER
Sump POROUS BED
The sump is a storage provision to collect filtered water from

the tank through the filter channel for storage and collection.
While HRF acts as a physical filter and is applied to retain solid Source: A water harvesting manual for Urban areas
matter, SSF is primarily a biological filter, used to kill microbes
in the water. Both filter types are generally stable, making full
With decreasing availability of water, rain water
use of the natural purification process of harvested surface
harvesting is the best option today. Instead of using the
water and do not require any chemical.
roof for catchment, the Rain Saucer, which looks like an
III) RainPC upside down umbrella, can be used to collect rain water
directly from the sky. This decreases the potential for
Aqua Sure, a consortium of three specialist Netherlands- contamination and makes potable water for developing
based companies, has developed a system for the conversion countries a potential application. Other applications
of rainwater to drinking water in the form of a Rainwater of this free standing rainwater collection approach are
Purification Centre (RainPC). RainPC is developed by scaling sustainable gardening and small plot farming.
down the multi-staged water treatment method (MST), which
involves screening, flocculation sedimentation and filtration G. Madhava Kumar
and incorporating existing technologies like upward flow fine CEHSM - Hyderabad Cluster
Are we at risk?
How to make the water you drink safe?
E
ven though 71% of the earths surface is covered by drinking water sources other than piped water such as public
water bodies there is still a scarcity of drinking water. taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells,
About 1 billion people dont have access to safe protected springs and rainwater collection. The remaining 13%
drinking water. This is because the maximum amount of water population use unimproved drinking water sources such as
is in the oceans (97%) and glaciers (2%) which are either saline unprotected wells and unprotected spring and surface water
or frozen and hence unusable. According to the World Health (river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation channels).
Organization (WHO) report published in 2006, drinking water
has been categorized into three, and described in the form of Drinking water concerns
drinking water ladder.
Drinking or potable water is consumed by human beings and
It has been reported that 54% of the worlds population its purity is a major concern throughout the world. It must
use improved drinking water through piped household comply with the scientific standards set for safe consumption
water connections, which is made available inside the users and meet the national water quality standards. In many
dwelling, plot or yard. Around 33% population use improved countries including India, people still suffer from acute or
chronic illnesses by drinking contaminated water.

Of the 3% freshwater available on earth, 68.7% is frozen in the form of icecaps and
glaciers while 30.1% is groundwater, 0.3% surface water and 0.9% unaccounted for.
The 0.3% water used is by purifying it over and over again. The surface water includes
87% in lakes, 11% in swamps and remaining 2% in rivers but with so much of waste
being dumped into them every minute, these are unreliable sources of clean and pure
drinking water. To make this water consumable, it has to be processed in many ways.
(Refer Table on Page 16)
Drinking water generally has harmful contents

Drinking water, like every other substance, contains small amounts of bacteria
most of which are common ones and not generally harmful. Chlorine is usually
added to drinking water to prevent bacterial growth while the water streams
through pipelines.
What substances endanger the quality of drinking

water?
Coliform bacteria that are often detected in drinking water are a group of microorganisms
that are normally found in the intestinal tract of humans, other warm-blooded animals
and in surface water. The presence of these bacteria indicates that disease-causing
microorganisms, known as pathogens, may be present in the drinking water supply
and hence needs to be treated and cleansed.
Yeasts and viruses can also endanger the quality of drinking water. These are
microbial contaminants like Giardia and Cryptosporidium that are usually found in
surface water. Giardia is a single cell organism that causes gastrointestinal symptoms
while Cryptosporidium is a parasite that is considered to be one of the most significant
causes of diarrhoeal disease in humans.
Nitrate in drinking water can cause cyanosis which is a reduction of the oxygen
carrying capacity of the blood. This is particularly dangerous to infants under six
months of age.
Lead can enter the water supply from copper pipelines. As water streams through
the pipes, small amounts of lead will dissolve in and contaminate it. Lead is a toxic
substance that can be quickly absorbed into the human system, leading to lead
poisoning particularly in children.
Legionella is a bacterium that grows rapidly when water is maintained at a

temperature between 30 and 40 degrees for a long period of time. This bacterium
can be inhaled when water evaporates as it enters the human body with aerosols,
can cause a sort of flu, known as Pontiac fever and a more serious deathly illness
known as Legionellosis.
How can the quality of drinking water be protected?

All countries have legal drinking water standards that prescribe the substances that
can be present in drinking water and at what maximum amounts. The standards are
called maximum contaminant levels and are formulated for any contaminant that may
have adverse effects on human health and any organization that prepares drinking
water has to follow these stringently. If water is purified to make it potable, it will be
subjected to various tests in order to establish the concentrations that are present. (For
further information please refer IS 10500 for Indian Standard of drinking water)

Summary of drinking water treatment methods
Treatment
How it works What it removes Operation and maintenance issues
method
Activated As water flows through Pesticides; organic compounds System must be monitored and carbon
carbon the filter, contaminants such as benzene and carbon cartridges must be replaced at regular
filtration adsorb or stick to the tetrachloride; odour, bacterial intervals. Failure to replace filter regularly
surface of the activated or colloidal iron or tannins can result in elevated levels of contaminants
carbon particles. when combined with in water.
continuous chlorination;
radon; lead or copper if
equipped with special media;
some other heavy metals
in certain cases; chlorine;
chloramines; Trihalomethanes.
Filters with moulded activated
carbon blocks will treat
Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
Reverse Contaminants are Certain tastes, some pesticides; Activated carbon or sediment filtration is
osmosis removed by forcing high chloride content; fluoride; often used to pre-filter water before reverse
(RO) water through a nitrate; lead, copper, and osmosis. Activated carbon post-filters are also
membrane which has other heavy metals; arsenic; common. Pre-filters and post-filters require
microscopic holes. Water Cryptosporidium; viruses. regular replacement. RO membrane must
molecules pass through be regularly monitored and disinfected. RO
the membrane but larger systems can waste a large amount of water.
particles cannot. The
membrane is flushed
to remove the trapped
contaminates.
Ion As water passes through Hard water (calcium and When the resin is filled to capacity, it must
exchange a resin bed in the magnesium); dissolved iron; be recharged. Depending upon the type of
water softener, calcium and manganese; cadmium, copper softener, some degree of monitoring of the
softening magnesium in the and zinc if operated properly. regeneration cycle is necessary. People on
water are exchanged for restricted sodium diets should consult
sodium or potassium their doctor about drinking softened
which do not create the water since it contributes sodium to the
nuisance associated with diet.
hard water.
Sediment As water passes through a Sediment; acidic water when Depending on the type of filter, cartridge
filtration filter made of sand, filter preceded by soda ash feed; replacement or back washing must be done
paper, compressed glass dissolved iron or manganese on a regular basis in order to maintain
wool or other straining when preceded by continuous effectiveness.
material sus-pended chlorination, ozonation or
particles such as sand, aeration; turbidity.
soil or other particles are
trapped on the filter.
Distillation Water is heated to Sediment; high salt content; Energy costs for distillation can be significant.
create steam which is high total dissolved solids; Scale builds up and sediment must be
then condensed to be pesticides if properly equipped periodically removed from the distiller.
collected as treated water. with gas vent; fluoride; nitrate; Contaminants with a boiling point lower than
Contaminants removed lead, copper and other heavy water, such as some pesticides and solvents,
remain in the heating metals; arsenic; bacteria. can vaporize with the water and condense
chamber or boil off into with treated water instead of being removed.
the atmosphere. Some units have a gas vent to release these
contaminants to the air. Distilled water may
have a flat or bland taste.

Treatment
How it works What it removes Operation and maintenance issues
method
Aeration Oxygen is introduced Dissolved iron or manganese Regular back washing of the filter following
into the water by an when followed by sediment aeration is required. Aeration is not
aerator. This oxidizes filtration; may help reduce recommended for water containing bacteria
contaminants such as rotten egg odour from which may clog the system.
iron and manganese, dissolved hydrogen sulphide
causing them to form gas; methane gas odour; radon.
solids which can then be
filtered out of the water.
De-aeration Mix air with water to Dissolved hydrogen sulphide If water has high hardness (e.g., calcium,
remove dissolved gases gas; methane gas odour; radon. magnesium, iron, manganese), the system
from the water. Aeration should be designed to manage precipitates
and de-aeration equipment and scale build-up.
are very similar, but are
designed for different
treatment goals.
Continuous Chlorine is fed or Dissolved iron or manganese Chlorine must have adequate contact time
chlorination injected into the water when followed by sediment with water to disinfect it. Therefore the
to kill bacteria and other filtration; rotten egg odour chlorine dose must be carefully synchronized
microbial contaminants, from dissolved hydrogen with the water flow so that water does not
as well as to treat iron sulphide gas or sulphate- move too quickly through the system. Chlorine
and manganese in the reducing bacteria (followed by feed pumps must be carefully calibrated and
water. activated carbon filtration); maintained. Careful handling of chlorine is
bacterial or colloidal iron or required since it is toxic. Depending on the
tannins when combined with organic content of the water, by-products
activated carbon filtration; of the chlorination process may include
bacteria; Giardia; viruses. Trihalomethanes (THMs) which may increase
the risk of cancer. Activated carbon filtration
may be used after chlorination to remove
excess chlorine and its by-products; filters
should be changed regularly.
Ultraviolet As water passes through Bacteria; Giardia; viruses. Sediment build-up and algae growth may
(UV) the system, a special lamp cause problems within the system and must
radiation produces ultraviolet be periodically removed. The lamp must
light that kills bacteria be kept clean to maintain effectiveness. In
and other microbial turbid, or cloudy, water the UV light may not
contaminants. reach some of the organisms. Water may need
to be treated for turbidity prior to entering the
UV system. Also, UV radiation does not have a
residual effect so water that leaves the system
can be re-contaminated.
Ozonation Water enters a system Bacteria; Giardia; Equipment that tests for ozone in treated
where ozone, a chemical Cryptosporidium; viruses; water must be purchased or bacterial
form of pure oxygen, dissolved iron or manganese tests performed, as this is the only way to
is produced and mixed when combined with sediment determine if the system is operating properly.
with the water. Ozonation filtration. Dehumidification of surrounding air is
destroys bacteria frequently required. Careful monitoring is
and other microbial required as ozone is a toxic gas. Ozonation
pathogens and oxidizes does not have a lasting (residual) effect so re-
compounds such as iron contamination of water can occur. Ozonation
and manganese to permit equipment is expensive.
their removal.
Ultra, micro, As water passes through a Cryptosporidium; Giardia; Depending on the type of filter, cartridge
and nano filter, suspended particles viruses. replacement or back washing must be done
filtration are trapped on the filter. on a regular basis in order to maintain
The particle removed effectiveness. Pore sizes from smallest to
depends upon the size of largest are nano filtration, ultra filtration and
the pores in the filter. micro filtration.

Common method of purification
Membrane Based
Physical & Chemical Treatments Ion Exchangers Disinfection
Treatments
* Boiling * Microfiltration (suspended
Softeners Chlorination
Sedimentation - flocculation solids)
DM - Electro, Hypo
Filtration - Sand & Activated Carbon Ultrafiltration (bacteria)
Iron removal & Gas
Micron cartridge filtration Nano filtration
Arsenic UV
Desalination Reverse Osmosis (dissolved
Removal Ozone
Use of chemicals like antiscalants & antioxidants salts)
Comparison of different filter and its capability of treatment
Steam
System Performance Carbon filter w/ Ceramic Ceramic Filter Reverse
Carbon Filter Distillation w/
Comparison silver Filter w/carbon Osmosis
carbon
Microbiological NO PARTIAL YES YES NO YES
Organics YES YES NO YES YES YES
Heavy Metals NO NO NO NO PARTIAL YES
Radioactive materials NO NO NO NO PARTIAL YES

Inorganics NO NO NO NO PARTIAL YES
Necessity of Purifying Drinking Water to clear all contaminants from water because all treatment
methods have limitations. The treatment system that is
Water source can be broadly divided into two - surface best suited for any particular household depends on the
water and ground water and rainwater contributes to contaminant(s) present, concentration(s), the size of units,
both. While falling onto the earths surface, rainwater maintenance and operational requirements of the system.
dissolves gases, suspended particles and other substances. At times, a combination of treatment methods could be
Surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs more effective. Treatment systems can be classified as either
also have dust particles, microorganisms, minerals and Point-of-Use (POU) or Point-of-Entry (POE). POU devices
organic matter. Similarly, ground water too contains lots treat water at the point it is used, such as the faucet and
of dissolved minerals with the result the water obtained such treated water can be used for drinking and cooking.
from these natural sources is polluted in one way or POE devices treat water as it enters the household. This is
the other and hence needs to be treated to meet certain important if a contaminant can be absorbed through the
standards before being considered fit for consumption. skin or by inhalation during bathing, showering or at other
Water is treated mainly (depending upon the impurities times of water contact. It is also important for managing
present and determined by water quality test) for the substances that may cause staining, mineral deposits or
followings impurities: other problems in the water distribution system.
1. Physical impurities Drinking water purification broadly means the process of

removing undesirable physical, biological and chemical
2. Chemical impurities contaminants from raw water, so as to make the water fit
for human consumption. Note: In the following table,
3. Biological impurities
treatment options and maintenance issues are dealt and it
4. Radioactive impurities gives a fair idea on how a treatment system works.
Common Methods for Purifying

Domestic Drinking Water Dr. Sanjai Kumar Srivastava
CEHSM- Bangalore cluster
There is no one single treatment equipment that manages

Safety
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Name / Subject Duration

No. of
Date of the Training Faculty Coordinator (days/ Location
Praticipants
Programme hours)
October 29 - 30, Construction Dr. Sanjai Kumar Srivastava,
2 25 Bengaluru
2013 Safety Program CEHSM, Bengaluru
November 28 - 29, Construction Dr. Sanjai Kumar Srivastava,

2 36 Bengaluru
2013 Safety Program CEHSM, Bengaluru
December 10, EHS Leadership

Mr.M.Kamarajan, Head EHS, B&F IC 1 23 Chennai
2013 Programme
October 10 - 11, Construction
Mr. R V Sudhakar, CEHSM, Chennai 2 26 Chennai
2013 Safety Program
October 16 - 17, Construction
2013 Safety Program
November 19 - 20, Construction

2013 Safety Program
December 26 - 27, Construction

2013 Safety Program
Hotel Mapple
October 22-23, Construction
Mr.K.K. Jha, CEHSM, Delhi Cluster 2 35 Express,New
2013 Safety Program
Delhi
November 13 - 14, Construction Hotel Vikram,
Mr.K.K. Jha, CEHSM, Delhi Cluster 2 30
2013 Safety Program New Delhi
December 17 -18, Construction Hotel Vikram,

Mr.K.K. Jha, CEHSM, Delhi Cluster 2 39
2013 Safety Program New Delhi
Competence
November 29, Hotel Surya,
Building Mr.M.Kamarajan, Head EHS, B&F IC 1 35
2013 New Delhi
Workshop
November 30, EHS Leadership Hotel Surya,
Mr.M.Kamarajan, Head EHS, B&F IC 1 25
2013 Workshop New Delhi
Construction Mr. D.S. Gaur, CEHSM, Gurgaon

October 8 -9, 2013 2 25 Gurgaon
Safety Program Cluster
December 20 -21, Construction Mr. D.S. Gaur, CEHSM, Gurgaon
2 34 Gurgaon
2013 Safety Program Cluster
December 23 -24, Construction Mr. Amitava Mitra, Head EHS -
2 36 Hyderabad
2013 Safety Program HMRP
December 21, EHS Leadership
Mr.M.Kamarajan, Head EHS, B&F IC 1 17 Hyderabad
2013 Program
Mr. V. Bhavani Shankar, CEHSM,
December 19 - 20, Construction
MBCL - CB&A & Mr. Hemant Kadu, 2 26 Mumbai
2013 Safety Program
CEHSM, MBCL - RB&F

EHS Leadership Workshop - Chennai- 10th December 2013
Competence Building Workshop - Delhi - 29th Construction Safety Program - Bengaluru - 29-30 2013
November 2013

Know your equipment
M 1. What is a MCWP?
echanization is the operative word in
industrialization and like all industries, the
Construction industry has also seen several Mast climbing work platforms (MCWPs) are used as temporary
introductions of various machineries for different activities work places, giving access to specific areas of variable heights
to improve productivity and reduce cycle time. above ground level. In many cases, MCWPs are safer as well as
convenient to use than other forms of access equipment such
At L&T, erstwhile practices in block shifting, concreting to as ladders, fixed scaffolding, or staging.
plastering have given way to various new technologies and it
is essential to know the basic safety features of the equipment
before adopting these new technologies or deploying these
2. Types & Major Components of
new machines. MCWPs
This series entitled Know Your Equipment has been At L&T Construction, two types of MCWPs are used:
introduced to present a macro view of an equipment: its Hydraulically driven (FRACO)
safety features, sequence of erection and to some extent,
Rack and pinion driven (GOAIN & PIAT)
technical information. The first in this series is Mast Climbing
Work Platform (MCWP). Major components of MCWP
The drive unit with platforms capable of supporting

Single Mast Climber persons, equipment and tools
The mast sections
The chassis for supporting the mast on the ground

with jacks
Mast tie assemblies for increasing height
3. Important terms, safety

components and definitions to be
understood at site before selection,
installation and operation
1. Rated load - the load for which MCWP has been designed
for normal operation as stated in the load chart or diagram
(Refer the sample load distribution chart) - refer to the
operational manual for actual chart. It is important to
Twin Mast Climber ensure uniform load distribution across platforms as per
manufacturers recommendation.
2. Rated speed - the vertical or horizontal speed at which the

mast climber is designed
3. Mast tie - anchorage system used to transfer the lateral

reaction forces to the building and keep it aligned
verticality
4. Electromagnetic brakeApplicable for the Rack and

pinion type only situated behind the motor to hold the
MCWP at required heights

Safety device - (Applicable for the Rack and pinion Loading Pattern Diagrams
type only) used to prevent the free-fall of the MCWP
if the electromagnetic brake fails
5. Operator an authorized person with green card

and training given by OEM (Original Equipment Single Mast Climber
Manufacturer) representative, site EHS personnel and
P&M personnel
6. Limit switchesElectromechanical devices provided to Twin Mast Climber

control the movement during ascent, descent, to sense the
maximum ascent or descent levels in case of twin mast,
overpass, etc. 6. Safety tests to be conducted prior
7. End mastprovided at the end of the mast without rack
to commissioning
to avoid overrun of the climbing equipment 1. Load test: To ensure that the installation is capable
of handling the rated load i.e 100% of capacity in a
The installation has to be completed only after getting necessary
distributed manner, standard weights should be used.
drawings from CMPC (Construction Method Planning Cell)
and TSC (Technical Service Cell) at Regional / Cluster office. 2. Drop test: Applicable for Rack and Pinion type only to
ascertain the functioning of the safety brake or safety
Any erection of the equipment should be preceded by GRA
device at the time of failure of the electromagnetic
preparation and approval by site EHS committee and the
brake at rated load. The equipment is tested by creating
cluster EHS committee.
a test environment by using a separate kit provided by
4. MCWP area demarcation the OEM.
3. Over-load test: To ensure that the operation of the

Refer to the below given picture for area demarcation.
equipment does not happen when overloaded or to ensure
All loads are to be kept in the loading area only. that the functioning of the overload limiter, if available. If
unavailable, the same can be controlled by an overload
relay in the motor. The normal limits for the overload are
110%.
The above tests have to be conducted in the presence of a

competent third party authorized by the factory inspector.
7. Daily checks / Inspection before

Area Demarcation
starting operations
5. Load distribution pattern over the 1. Check the availability of the authorized operator
platform 2. Check the availability of fall arrestor and other PPEs with
Loading distribution pattern of the MCWP differs as per the workmen and operator
the models and manufacturers hence it is necessary to read
3. Check condition of power cables, limit switches, rails and
and understand the loading pattern of OEM manual before
mast anchorages
deployment.
When loading the platform, loads must be placed as close as 4. In case of dual mast sections, ensure that no level
possible to the mast since loading capacity gets reduced in difference is being maintained
overhanging portions of the platform.
5. Check all emergency switches and limit switches for
Sample picture of loading pattern of an MCWP is given below proper functioning and do a test run
for single and twin mast climber.
6. Check electrical interlocks provided at the gate entry for
Uniform load distribution pattern must be strictly adhered to proper operation
for safer operation.

7. Check the condition of the cables and guides
8. Inspect anchorages for the proper condition
9. Check for any abnormal noise

between 3to 5
10. Ensure that the operating path is free from obstacles
It is very important to note that in no case, should the MCWP

Inclinometer
Box be used for shifting/ transferring people or material from the
platform of the MCWP to the working floor or vice versa.
R. Vaithi Subramanian
Manager - P&M, TCS Project, Chennai
M.S.D.S.
What is M.S.D.S.? Features of M.S.D.S.
yy Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) contains information yy Identity of the Material and the Manufacturer
regarding the proper procedures for handling, storing,
yy Hazardous Ingredients
and disposing of chemical substances.
yy MSDS should accompany all chemicals or kits while it yy Physical and Chemical Characteristics
is transported. yy Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
yy If MSDS is not available for a chemical, there are many yy Reactivity Data
web sites that can supply it, such as, www.msdsonline.
com. yy Precautions for Safe Handling
yy Typically the information is listed in a standardized yy Control Measures and First Aid
format yy Health Hazard Data (Limits and Symptoms)
yy MSDS is prepared by chemical manufacturers and yy Effect of Exposure
vendors to convey hazard information to users.
yy Personal Protective Equipment
yy MSDS should be obtained when a chemical is purchased.
yy In case of material spillage & disposal of waste
yy A chemical inventory list, and MSDS, for each chemical
is required to be maintained by all facilities / labs. yy Control Measure and First - Aid
yy M.S.D.S. is a very important document a Facebook for yy Emergency measures

a particular chemical solid, liquid, or gas.
yy Preparing and providing the M.S.D.S. to the

Reading MSDS
purchaser / ultimate users of that chemical is mandatory. Information on the MSDS is organized into 8 main sections:
yy It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to prepare 1 Identity: The chemical name, trade name and
and provide M.S.D.S. of the product / chemicals manufacturers name, address and emergency phone
manufactured by them. number
yy M.S.D.S. gives a clear and accurate picture of the 2 Hazardous Ingredients: Hazardous ingredients are
various constants and specific properties / nature of the identified
chemical substance.
3 Physical and Chemical Characteristics: Boiling/melting
yy It also cautions the user about the result of its reaction points, vapor pressure and density, water solubility, and
with specific chemical(s). appearance/odor

A Typical MSDS Label
4 Fire Data: Flash point, flammable limits, extinguishing M.S.D.S. for various substances can be obtained from the
media, unusual fire/explosion hazards, and any special following web sites:
firefighting equipment
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
5 Health Data: Routes of entry (inhalation, ingestion, etc.) www.cpsc.gov
effects from short and long term exposure, emergency
and first-aid procedures Department of Transportation (DOT)
www.dot.gov
6 Reactivity Data: Stability, incompatible materials,
hazardous decomposition are among the topics in this Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
area www.epa.gov
7 Spill or Leak Procedures: Clean-up procedures, waste Department of Health and Human Services National
disposal, and precautions needed when handling/storing Toxicology Program (NTP)
materials http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov
8 Spill Precaution Information: Any personal protective
Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health
equipment (PPE), ventilation, and work/hygiene practices
Administration (OSHA)
yy These 8 sections or characters are further classified under www.osha.gov
16 Sections or Characters
MSDS Online
yy Based on the details given in the M.S.D.S., the labels / www.msdsonline.com
panels are displayed on the shipment containers / boxes
which explains the nature of the chemical and accordingly Mr. Shailesh Patel
the required safety precautions must be observed by the Cluster EHS Manager
user / handler of the chemical. Ahmedabad Cluster

Gasoline safety 3
Know how the material safety data sheet 1 0
works for gasoline
Gasoline (petrol) is a fuel used in spark-ignition engines. The fuel is mixed with air within its
flammable limits and heated above its flash point, then ignited by the spark plug. In order to avoid
pre-ignition by the residual heat of a hot combustion, the fuel must have a low flash point and high auto
ignition temperature.
Spark ignition engines are designed to burn gasoline in a controlled process known as deflagration. Energy is
obtained from the combustion of gasoline by the conversion of a hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide and water.
Environmental Considerations The material safety data sheet for unleaded gasoline shows at
least 15 hazardous chemicals occurring in various amounts,
The unburnt gasoline and evaporation from the storage including Benzene (up to 5% by volume), toluene (up to
tank when it reaches the atmosphere, reacts with sunlight to 35% by volume), MTBE (up to 18% by volume). The IARC
produce photochemical smog. On combustion of 3.8 liters of (International Agency for Research on Cancer) has found that
gasoline, 8700 gms of CO2 is produced which is a Greenhouse gasoline and its exhaust are possibly carcinogenic for humans.
gas. It also contains benzene and prolonged or repeated exposure
to which can cause damage in human beings to the blood
Odor & Color of Gasoline forming system or serious blood disorders like plastic anemia
and leukemia.
Gasoline appears in a translucent, straw colored or light
yellow liquid. It has got a strong, aromatic hydrocarbon odor.
Oxygenated gasoline with MTBE / TAME (Methyl Tertiary
Flash Point and Fire Point of gasoline
Butyl Ether / Tert-Amyl Methyl Ether) may have a sweet, ether
Gasoline vapors being heavier than air travels a long distance to
like odor and is easily detectable at a lower concentration than
an ignition source and flashes back. The flash point of gasoline
the non- oxygenated gasoline.
is 45F (43C). The fire point of gasoline is highly variable >
530F (>280C).
Toxicology of Gasoline
On 24th November, 2013, a fire broke out in a parking lot
of an apartment in Pune. The preliminary investigation
pointed towards a short circuit in the meter box in the
parking area that sparked the blaze, which intensified
after the petrol tanks of two wheelers started exploding.
In a very short span of time, the flames had leapt up to the
third floor of the seven-storey building.
Gasoline gets ignited by itself even with the help of auto

generated static electricity. Therefore, it is important to keep
it out of reach from spark embers or flames of the operating
equipment.

It happened. It can happen again
Lets prevent it
What happened? yy Preventive maintenance schedule should be prepared
for hired equipment as recommended by the OEM and
On a fateful day at a construction project, while using a man ensure that the same is followed.
hoist, the car cabin of the hoist fell through the guide rack &
pinion from the top floor due to gravity.
What went wrong?

Investigation findings revealed the following:
yy The bearings in the gear box failed as the drive shaft got
disconnected due to failure of bearings which caused the
car cabin to fall freely through the guide rack.
yy The safety brake was actuated and worked for a brief
period, actuating the electrical cut off limit switch
(secondary failure)
The safety brake could not sustain, due to the
shearing of a pin holding the governor weights, that
acts as a brake
yy Lack of / poor maintenance of the hoist
yy Equipment used had exceeded its economic life
How to prevent it?

Car Cabin of passenger hoist can have a free fall
All man hoists shall be checked for age of the equipment through guide during a failure
(whether the equipment is within its economic life or not), the
condition of the equipment, should have third party certificates In several cases, mechanical failure in hoists occurs due to
and drop test validity overloading or over speeding due to inexperienced operators.
yy Drop test has to be carried out at regular intervals as In several cases, however, the root cause of the failure is due
prescribed in the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) to poor maintenance and usage of old equipment which has
manual crossed its economic life.
yy Any equipment which has crossed the economic life shall
The aim of sharing such an incident is to alert project teams
not be used / operated
with a request to check/ enquire at projects whether machinery
of such conditions prevail and to ensure that only right and fit
equipment is deployed for the assigned task.
Remember - Making mistakes is not

a crime. Not learning from them and
repeating them is criminal.
Disclaimer: Accident details published in this magazine are collected from
friendly sources and are being circulated with the only objective of learning
from the incidents and to take preventive action. This does not represent
Bearing failure in drive gear box
incidents from any particular organization/site.

Enhancing soft skills
Making incident analysis chart using spreadsheets
O
ften, one is faced with presentations that Step 1
are packed with enormous data presented
inappropriately and hence very difficult to
understand or derive any action plan from it. It is not
enough to possess all the relevant data but it needs to be
presented in a comprehensible manner which requires
soft skills in analyzing and summarizing the data using
appropriate software.
This article is intended to help make data analysis using

excel spreadsheets, improve effectiveness in summarizing
excel sheet data and present it well to enable decision
making.
Definitions & usage of commands

I. Data validation Step 2
Data validation is used to define restrictions on what data
can or should be entered in a cell and it can be configured
to prevent users from entering invalid data. Users can be
warned of entering invalid data; there also exists the option
of providing messages to define what to input in the correct
cell and correct any errors.
By using the list command in data validation, a drop

down list may be developed so that errors can be avoided
and the pivot can easily be abstracted as per the prescribed
list.
Step 1
Prepare a list of near miss category in an excel sheet. Step 3

Step 2
Select the cell in excel sheet where near miss category of

incidents needs to be filled-up. Go to Data tab and select
Data validation from data group tools.
Step 3:
Select list option from the dialogue box and select the list
prepared earlier.
Copy the cell where the above formula has been applied and
paste in the column

II. Pivot table report
A Pivot table report is useful to summarize, analyze, explore,
and present a summary of data. It helps visualize a pivot table
report summary data and easily see comparisons, patterns, and
trends.
Step 1&2 Step 1 & 2
Select 2nd sheet of the excel sheet to create a pivot

report. Go to insert tab and select pivot table from tables
group.
Step 3
Select the source data for pivot report
Step 4
Selection of data will lead to the 2nd sheet. Click ok in the

dialogue box.
Select and drag the near miss category for getting an abstract
report from pivot table dialogue box.
Step 3 Next, click the near miss category and drag this to Values or
right click and click Add to Values.
III. Create a chart using pivot data

Charts are used for displaying numeric data in large quantities
and the relationship between different series of data in a
simple, graphic format.
To create a chart using the data obtained from pivot table

report:
Step 1
Sorting of data
Pivot Chart Sort data using the sort option in ascending or descending
manner based on the category.
Creating a chart
From Insert tab, choose a pie (since this is analysis of

incidents, pie chart representation may be appropriate) from
the charts group.
Note: Data shall be selected excluding the total value in the

pivot table report.
Note: Using chart properties tool by double clicking the chart

area, any changes / modifications with respect to colour, size,
display of legends, etc., can be done.

The right man for the right job
Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live of the slinger or slingers, only one slinger should have this
forever. - Mahatma Gandhi responsibility.
In the last issue of Helmet, a few of the excerpts from IS 13667 If and when a signaler is not visible to the crane driver,
were presented. Part 1 dealt with Safe use of cranes Code another signaler or slinger should be deployed to relay signals.
of practice that included definitions of various terminologies, Alternatively, other audio or visuals methods can also be used.
lifting management, planning for lifting, etc. From IS Code
13667, this issue will deal with the selection of persons and To cover for the
their duties and signals during material handling. possibility of failure
of audio or visual
Selection of Persons methods, a separate
system to safely halt
Right person for right Job is the keyword that should be the movement of
followed for a safe operation. Only an appointed person the crane should be
who is responsible for the lifting operation as decided by the available until signals
management should choose the persons such as crane drivers have been restored.
or operators, signalers, slingers, crane erectors for the lifting
operations. In case the responsibility
of the slinger who is
The appointed person should ensure that persons involved directing the crane or
in the lifting operations are aware of their duties, work as load is to be transferred
an efficient team and none of them are under the influence to another person, the
of alcohol / other drugs. Fitness and competencies need to following should be
ascertained after completing appropriate training. ensured:
yy Transfer of responsibility should be clearly communicated

Duties / responsibilities to the crane driver
Crane Driver yy The slinger should clearly indicate to the new slinger or
signaler that this transfer is taking place
The crane driver is responsible for the safe/ correct operation
yy The Driver and new slinger or signaler should clearly
in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and lifting
indicate that they accept the transfer is taking place
plan. In some cases, the carne driver may be responsible for
erection or dismantling of the crane too. He must always Crane Erector
respond only to the signals from one identified, competent
slinger / signaler. The crane erector is responsible for erection of the crane as
per the manufacturers instructions. Where two or more crane
Slinger erectors are required, one should be nominated as erectors in
charge.
The slinger is
responsible for Signaler
attaching or detaching
The signaler is responsible for relaying signals from the slinger
the load to and from the
to the crane driver. The signaler may be given the responsibility
crane hook and for the
of directing movement of crane or load instead of a slinger,
correct lifting gear and
provided only one person has the responsibility.
equipment as per the
lifting plan and also for Maintenance Personnel
initiating and directing
Maintenance personnel are responsible for maintaining the
safe movement of the
crane to ensure its safe and satisfactory operation. They should
crane. Depending upon
carry out all necessary maintenance in accordance to the safe
the physical position
system of work and permit to work.

Recommended minimum attributes
Maintenance
Attributes Crane Driver Slinger Signaler Crane erector
Personnel
Competence He should be He should be He should be He should be He should be
competent competent competent competent competent
Age More than 18 years More than 18 years More than 18 More than 21
of age except when of age except when years of age years of age
under the direct under the direct except when except when
supervision of a supervision of a under the direct under the direct
competent person competent person supervision of a supervision of a
for the purpose of for the purpose of competent person competent person
training training for the purpose of for the purpose of
training training
Fitness Fit in terms of Fit in terms of Fit in terms of Fit with particular
eyesight, hearing, eyesight, hearing, eyesight, hearing, regard to eyesight,
reflexes, the reflexes, agility, reflexes, mobility, hearing, reflexes,
stature to operate having the ability to judge stature to safely
the crane safely, physique to handle distances, heights handle the loads
ability to judge during crane
lifting gear and and clearances
distances, heights erection. Be able to
equipment and be
and clearances work confidently
able to establish
Note: Medical and safely at
fitness certificate weights, balance height. Able to
should be obtained loads, judge establish weights,
and made available distances, heights balance loads,
with the appointed and clearances judge distances,
person heights and
clearances
Training Adequately trained Should have Should have P r o p e r l y

in the types of been trained in been trained in instructed and
crane and sufficient the techniques of the techniques of trained. Where
slinging.
knowledge of slinging special machinery
Adequately
cranes and its is involved; this
trained in
safety devices. the erection, should include
dismantling and a t t e n d i n g
working of the appropriate
type of crane training courses
being erected. Also given by the
trained in the safe
supplier of the
use and setting
up of any lifting equipment.
appliance used.
Adequately
trained in setting
and testing of the
safety devices
fitted to the crane
being erected
and those on any
lifting appliance
being used for the
erection.

Maintenance
Attributes Crane Driver Slinger Signaler Crane erector
Personnel
Skills, Understand the Capable in selection Able to understand Capable in selection A d e q u a t e
Knowledge and duties of signaler or of lifting gear and the signal codes of lifting gear and knowledge of the
Experience slinger and familiar equipment from for the crane being equipment from the machinery, they
with the signal codes the given options operated and the given options.
and alternative ability to give clear are required to
Able to understand
methods of relaying and precise signals. maintain.
the signal codes
signals which are for the crane being Access to
Also, capable of
to be used for safer operated and the giving precise m a n u f a c t u re r s
operation ability to give clear
and clear verbal relevant literature
and precise signals.
communication
Also, capable of
giving precise where audio
and clear verbal equipment is
communication used and capable
where audio of operating the
equipment is used
audio instrument.
and capable of
operating the audio
instrument.
Familiar with the fire Capable of initiating Capable of Capable of

appliances on the and directing the safe directing the safe directing the safe
crane and trained in movement of the movement of the movement of the
their use
crane and load. crane and load crane and load
Authorization He should have He should have been He should have He should have
by the been authorized nominated by the been nominated been nominated
appointed to operate the appointed person by the appointed by the appointed
crane by the to carry out slinging person to carry out
person appointed person. duties. person to carry signaling duties.
While giving the out signaling
Be aware of the
authorization duties.
should take re s p o n s i b i l i t i e s
Be aware of the allocated by the
competence,
training, recent responsibilities appointed person
experience and allocated by the to the crane driver
fitness into appointed person and slinger
account. to the crane driver
Note: Training and slinger
records of
drivers should be
maintained and
made available
to the appointed
person.
Note: The signaller should stand in a secure position where

HE CAN SEE THE LOAD AND CAN BE SEEN CLEARLY
by crane driver.
The process of selection of type of cranes, safety devices,
safety practices, etc., shall be covered in the next issue.
Happy reading!
Gabrial Fernandez
EHS - HQ

Lifesaving incident(s)
In safety, we often hear many negative words (accidents/ death/ Mr. Appireddy Srinivasa
failure etc.) and lifesaving incidents mostly go unnoticed / reddy, EHS Manager,
unreported for various reasons. Hence, we have decided to Mr. Boopathi O E, Site Engineer
accord serious recognition to such incidents through this and Mr. Sadik Pasha, EHS
forum Helmet to motivate / encourage people to report such Engineer are the heroes who
incidents. In fact, the following two incidents were immediately had contributed towards
rewarded through the PRAISE scheme also. implementing the above system
thus saving a precious life.
Lifesaving incident 1:
BIAL Project on 7th December 2013.
Lifesaving
Mr. Sadik Pasha,
EHS Engineer incident 2:
Mr. Premji, Rigger was engaged Jaypee Kube Project at Noida on 21st December 2013.
on top of the high-ceiling Helper, Mr. Sohel Alam was engaged in providing materials
panels for alignment at a height for shuttering works for a carpenter at 10th floor. Due to cold
of 23 meter. While moving on weather and dizziness, he fell outside the edge of the floor and
a purlin to align and clip the was caught up and saved in a catch net, which was provided at
panel, he slipped and fell on the 8th floor level, around the periphery of the building.
fragile panel. But his full body Efforts behind this saving life incident
harness saved his life since
yy Provision of fall protection system in the building, as per
he anchored his lanyard to the
SOP
purlin.
Mr. Premji, Rigger yy Training to the staff and
workmen regarding work at
He was rescued using a boom hoist, without any personal height
injury by the project team. yy Pre-briefing workmen on
hazards, as part of work
Efforts behind this lifesaving incident,
instruction using the safe-
yy Successful, consistent and effective implementation of to-start-work card system
Work Permit System for the ceiling works
Heroes who were involved are,
yy Training to all the workmen on work at height 1. Mr. Irshad A.M, Site Engineer
Mr. Sohel Alam, Helper 2. Mr. Vishal Gautam, EHS
yy Repeated refresher training for all workers involved
Engineer
in the job
yy Stringent access control system
Mr. A Srinivasareddy, Mr. Boopathi O E, Mr. A Srinivasareddy, Mr. Boopathi O E,

EHS Manager Site Engineer EHS Manager Site Engineer

Safety
of Honour
R o ll

22 Beawar Pali Pindwara Road project

December 2011 to December 2013 6 Ganjbasoda - Sanchi RC Project
16 Krishnagiri Walajah Road Project

December 2011 to December 2013 5 Bharuch - Dahej RC Project
10 Kandla Mundra Road Project

April 2011 to December 2013 4 10 MTPA Rail Siding, TATA JSR Project-
8 Samakhiali Gandhidham Road Project

October 2012 to December 2013 3 Ariyalur Valadi RC Project
6 Panskura - Kharagpur RC Project

Implementation of
traffic diversion model
In an innovative move, the EHS teams of both Krishnagiri Walajahpet
Road Project and KMRP implemented a novel concept of creating a model
of the road in order to explain the nature and types of diversions along
with all the signboards involved to facilitate traffic diversion during the
course of the project.
These scale models were of immense help to the workmen who could
visually see and understand the entire scheme of diversion in detail
during the EHS induction.
32 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Transportation Infrastructure

Rock support for road tunneling
C
onstruction of a road tunnel is perhaps one of the tunnel having faulty zones. They are also used in wedge formed
most demanding tasks of a road project because it is tunnel where squeezing and swelling ground may occur.
hazardous and strict compliance to safety precautions
is imperative. Initial rock support (sometimes referred to as Lattice girders
temporary lining or temporary support of excavation) is a
primary safety requirement for road tunnel construction to Supporting large spans of underground openings in poor
keep the tunneled portion open, stable and safe until the final rock formation is challenging. Lattice girders provide an
lining gets installed and the construction is complete. Various excellent substitute for steel ribs with several inherent
rock supports are used during a road tunnel construction. advantages; they are economical, easy to install and
construction friendly.
Rock bolts
Forepoles
Rock bolts have a friction or grout anchor in the rock and are
tensioned as soon as that anchorage is attained to actively Pre-supporting the rock mass with forepoling/spiling is a
introduce a compressive force into the surrounding ground. method of advancing a tunnel construction in very poor
This axial force acts upon the rock mass discontinuities, ground conditions by driving pipe roofs into the ground ahead
thus increasing their shear capacity and is generated by pre- of, or simultaneously, with the excavation. Typically 75 or 114
tensioning of the bolt. The system requires a bond length for mm diameter pipes, (12 m long) are installed every 8 m to
the bolt to be tensioned. Rock bolts are frequently fully bonded create a 4 m overlap between successive forepole umbrellas.
to the surrounding ground after tensioning for long-term load
transfer considerations. They may or may not be grouted for Probing & pregrouting
full length. In any case, bolts begin to support or join the rock
Probe hole monitoring gives an indication of rock types, rock
as soon as they are tensioned. The most striking advantages of
mass, water inflows and provides important information
rock bolts are
on the upcoming tunneling. Grouting may be undertaken
yy Versatility - they can be used in any excavation geometry through probe holes to reduce water inflow and/ or stabilize
the rock mass.
yy Simple and quick to use
yy Relatively inexpensive Shotcrete

Ribs and lagging Shotcrete is simply concrete sprayed into place through a
nozzle. It contains additives to gain quicker strength and to keep
These are used in tunneled portions that have uneven profiles, it workable until it is sprayed. It can be made with or without
intersections, short starter tunnels and critical reaches of the addition of reinforcing fibers and can be sprayed around
and through reinforcing bars or lattice girders. Shotcreting
can be broadly classified into dry mix shotcrete and wet mix
shotcrete.
Wire mesh
Wire mesh is used to support small pieces of loose rock or as
reinforcement of shotcrete. Two types of wire mesh that are
commonly used in underground excavations are chain-link
mesh and weldmesh.
M K Mahanta
Head EHS
Roads, Runways and Elevated Corridor
Transportation Infrastructure HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 33

Safety
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Sl.No Date Programme No.of participants Location Days / Hours
Defensive driving was

conducted by external Kandla Mundra
1 25.10.2013 40 01 day
agency M/S MISRI road Road Project
safety trainer
Defensive driving was
Samakhiali
conducted by external
2 26.10.2013 62 Gandhidham 01 day
agency M/S MISRI road
Road Project
safety trainer
23.12.2013 & Behavioural Based Safety
3 40 AJMRP 02 days
24.12.2013 Training Programme
34 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Transportation Infrastructure

Safety
of Honour
R o ll

38 Kakrapar Atomic Power Project

February 2010 to December 2013 7 DMRC CMC1 Project
12 Vizag Vessels Project

November 2011 to December 2013 5 Punatsangchhu HEP
11 Badarpur Faridabad DMRC

February 2012 to December 2013 4 Bangalore Metro
May 2011 to December 2013
8 DMRC CC-17 Project

DMRC CC 28
A warm welcome to L&T family

Helmet Magazine is glad to Health & Safety management with expertise in construction
welcome Mr. Stephen Phillip feasibility studies, design, corporate governance and risk
Storey, Head EHS of Heavy management, in highways, transportation, tunnels & bridges,
Civil Infrastructure IC. Stephen high rise construction.
is a chartered member of Stephen has gained a rich and invaluable experience working
the Institute of Occupational both within UK and in international markets on some of the
Safety & Health (CMIOSH) worlds most complex projects located in Europe, Middle East,
and has been a full corporate and Asia Pacific. He has worked with major corporates and blue-
member since 1996. Stephen is chip organizations in client, consultant and contractor roles
also currently on the board of such as London Underground, Black & Veatch, ABB, Parsons
directors at the International Brinkerhoff, Nakheel, Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, and
Safety Quality Environmental West Kowloon Terminus JV-Hong Kong. Prior to joining L&T,
management Association (ISQEM) as Director of Research & Stephen was working with Samsung C&T in South Korea as
Development. QHSE GM based in Seoul HQ managing global operations.
Mr. Stephen has over 20 years of professional experience in The Helmet Magazine welcomes him and wishes him the very
best in all his future endeavors.
Mr. M.K.Singh EHS Head - Delhi Cluster received Safety Award 2013 by the Safety
and Quality Forum (SQF) of Institution of Engineers (India) at a ceremony called
the 28th Indian Engineering Congress which was held at Chennai.
Heavy Civil Infrastructure HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 35

Safety
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Sl No. Date Programme Location Day/Hours
15th Oct to 9th Nov Labour Skill Development Training by 26 Day

1 DMRC CC 28
2013 M/S. Labournet (4 Hours Per Day)
Working at height and safe use of
2 18 Oct 2013
th
Safety Harness Training by CMRL UG Project 1 Day
M/S Life Gear
30th Oct to 01st 3-Day Training on Safety in Launching Hyderabad Metro
3 3 Day
Nov 13 Girder Operations. Project
Defensive Driving for Drivers by
4 15th Nov 2013 DMRC CC 27 2 Day
M/s. Arbrit Safety Solution
20th Nov to 21st Safe Crane Operation for Operators by Hyderabad Metro
5 2 Day
Nov 2013 M/s. North Star Agency Project
Height Work & Rescue Training by
6 26th Nov 2013 DMRC CC 28 Day
M/s. Karam
She Leadrship Trainingfor Managers
7 27th Nov 2013 CMRL UG Project 1 Day
by M/s. Safety Catch
Defensive Driving for Drivers by Hyderabad Metro
8 27th Nov 2013 1 Day
M/s. Reddy Driving Institute Project
Hazard Identification & Risk
9 07 Dec 2013
th
Assessment Training by CMRL UG Project 1 Day
M/s. Safety Catch
Two Days Training on Construction Hyderabad Metro
10 17th to 18th Dec 2013 2 Day
EHS Requirements Project
In-House Training Program on Safety
11 18th Dec 2013 Kolkata Metro Project Day
in Launching Girder
Two Days Training on Construction Kakrapar Atomic
12 21st & 22nd Dec 2013 2 Day
EHS Requirements Power Plant Project
36 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Heavy Civil Infrastructure

Safety
of Honour
R o ll

12 Storm Water Drainage Project, Jabalpur

Trans Varuna Sewerage Work, Varanasi
5 Hogenikkal Water Supply & Flourosis mitigation

Project Pkg. 5, WSD BU- Krishnagiri
4 Nalgonda Underground Drainage & Water Supply
Scheme Nalgonda
July 2007 to November 2013
Storm Water Drainage & Reservoir Paradip Underground Drainage & Water Supply Improvement
Refinery Project IOCL Scheme- Nizamabad
June 2010 to November 2013 March 2008 to November 2013
Punjab Water Supply & Sewerage Scheme Nellore Water Supply Improvement Scheme Nellore
Jalandhar & Hoshiarpur Project February 2008 to November 2013
Safety
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Duration No. of
Date Name/Subject of the Training Program Trainer Name
(Days/hours) participants
04-Oct P&M Safety, Mumbai V.Balaji 1
Oct 7 & 8 Pravas, Mysore V.Balaji 2 33
04-Dec IPM,Chennai V.Balaji 1 10
Dec 5 & 6 Construction Safety Programme, Hyderabad V.Balaji 1 24
16-Dec EHS Competence Building workshop, HQ V.Balaji 1 25
Dec 20 & 21 Construction Safety Programme, Jodhpur P.Mathivanan 2 20
V.Balaji, S. Anantha
Dec 26 & 27 Construction Safety Programme, Chennai 2 25
Prasanna Venkatesh
Water & Renewable Energy HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 37

Making sites electrically safe
E
lectrical safety is a major concern at all construction
sites since any electrical power, installed at a Resistance Amount of
construction site can injure and kill workers Current
unless several basic precautions and safety procedures are
followed. When electricians perform work on electrical
equipment in accordance with basic safety measures,
risks are minimal.
Duration Severity of Area & Grip
Electrical hazards of Flow Shock of Contact
Some of the common electrical hazards found in a

construction site are overhead power lines, working
on hot energized circuits, grounding plugs for all
electrical cords and falls from working overhead. Ladders, Path of Flow Voltage
scaffolding and materials less than 10 feet from power
lines risk contact, and in turn, may electrocute anyone
using them. Effects of current levels in human
Electrical hazards are classified as primary and secondary
body shock protection measures
hazards.
Current Reaction
Primary hazards UPTO 1 mA Barely perceptible sensation
1. Electric Shock 1 to 2 mA Irritating current threshold
2. Electric Fire and 2 to 7 mA Vigorous muscle nerve reaction
3. Electric Burns 7 to 10.5 mA Finger muscles convulse, may not
(women) be able to relinquish grip on live
Secondary hazards 9 to 15 mA (men) conductor
1. Persons Falling from Height and Convulsion, subject freezes to
15 to 20 mA
2. Dropping of Tools and Objects conductor
20 to 30 mA Restriction of breathing begins
Electric Shock 30 to 50 mA
May withstand current without
losing consciousness
Electric shock is sudden and accidental stimulation of the
Extreme pain, respiratory arrest,
human bodys nervous system as a result of passage of electric
50 ma to 150 mA severe muscle reactions. Death is
current
possible.
The shock occurs due to an electrical passage of two different Rhythmic pumping action of heart
voltages at the same time such as Phase to Phase, Phase to 1 A to 4.3 A ceases. Muscular contraction and
Ground and Phase to Neutral. nerve damage occur. Death is likely.
Cardiac arrest, severe burns. Death is
The severity of shock depends on the following parameters: 10 A
probable
1. Body Resistance
2. Duration of Flow yy Isolate the areas of live electrical lines through Visible
3. Path of Flow Warning Signage, LOTO (Lock out Tag out System),
4. Amount of Current Authorised Electricians on the Job, Use only Over Head /
Underground passage of Electrical lines
5. Area and Grip of Contact
yy Use only low voltage tools and equipment such that the
6. Voltage
severity of shock is reduced
38 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Water & Renewable Energy

yy Always use double insulated electrical lines
yy Ensure that all equipment are earthed properly and is
inspected periodically with qualified electricians
yy Ensure that all electrical connections are routed through
the Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB 30 mA) and
checked regularly
The following actions are to be made to ensure electrical

hazards are under control:
i. Only licensed electricians shall be allowed to work on

electrical systems
Fuse Distribution Box (FDB)
ii. Ensure that all power supply cables are laid properly and
neatly so that they do not pose risk to persons working
iii. Access to electrical panels/switches shall not be blocked.
Rubber mat shall be placed in front of all electrical panels.
Fire extinguisher shall be kept near every electrical panel
and temporary switch boards. Danger board and CPR*
chart shall be displayed.
iv. All temporary distribution boards/ kiosks put up at work
site shall be suitably protected from rain and the level of
same shall be high enough to avoid contact with water
due to water logging
v. Distribution boards at the construction site shall have the
Double door rain protected (DB)
means of electrical isolation outside the cabinet, must be
protected by fuses or circuit breakers and an RCD*, must
have lockable doors and must be earthed / grounded
vi. Allow only correctly rated HRC* fuses. Use rated tools/
gloves while removing/fixing fuses
vii. Ensure that only industrial type extension boards and
plug sockets are used
viii. Residual current circuit breaker (RCCB-30 mA) shall be
used on all extension cords. All extension cords shall have
third wire grounding conductor installed
ix. Electrical equipment must be switched-off and
disconnected from the power supply before carrying out Earth Leakage Relay (ELR) in SDB
any repair or maintenance. LOTO* and PTW* is mandatory
to work on electrical systems
x. All electrical equipment, except for double insulated
power tools, must be effectively earthed
CPR: Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

RCD: Residual Current Device
FDB: Fuse Distribution Board
PDB: Power Distribution Board
SDB: Sub Distribution Board
HRC: High Rupture Capacity, All electrical connection shall be routed through
RCCB & checked regularly
LOTO: Lock Out Tag Out
PTW: Permit To Work V.Balaji
ELR: Earth Leakage Relay Head EHS, W&RE IC
Water & Renewable Energy HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 39

Safety
of Honour
R o ll

one million and more LTI free safe man-hours
9 IE-Bhushan Steel Limited

June 2008 to November 2013
400/220 KV S/S Warora
4 BTTL - Tezpur - Assam (PGCIL) Project

765 kV Dharamjaygarh Switching Station - PGCIL
March 2012 to October 2013
3 765 kV Wardha Aurangabad TL Projects

January 2012 to December 2013 1 RE-Projects in Jalpaiguri under BRGF Scheme
2 3X660 MW Super Critical Thermal Power Plant,

TSPL, Mansa (Punjab)
May 2011 to September 2013
BRGF Malda (Package 15 & 17)
245 KV GIS Saki

EBOP & TC for 6X660 MW SUMPP Phase-1, Sasan August 2010 to December 2013
September 2011 to September 2013
765 kV D/C Varanasi Kanpur Transmission Line
2X700 MW STPP Rajpura June 2013 to December 2013
March 2010 to September 2013
Safety
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Name / Subject of the Duration No. of

Date Trainer Name
Training Programme (days/hours) Participants
Gang Leader Training
04-06.11.2013 Aloke Chatterjee, Biplab Roy & Asif Inon 3 days 30
for APDRP Projects
Safety Stewards Aloek Chatterjee, Asif Inon, Sukhen Nandy,
07-08.11.2013 2 days 12
Training for TL Sabyasachi Pradhan and St. John Ambulance
Safety Stewards Aloek Chatterjee, Asif Inon, Sukhen Nandy,
13-14-11.2013 2 days 15
Training for TL Sabyasachi Pradhan and St. John Ambulance
Safety in Industrial
20-12-2013 Mr.J.Johnson David & Mr.Manoj Pawar 1 day 19
Electrification
40 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Power Transmission & Distribution

Construction kicks up a lot of dust
Ways to control it
Construction dust is not just a nuisance; it can seriously Some lung diseases, like advanced silicosis or asthma, can
damage health and regularly breathing these dusts over a long develop quite quickly. However, most of these diseases take a
time can cause lungs diseases. long time to develop. Dust can build-up in the lungs and harm
a person gradually, over time because it is not immediately
There are three main types of dust: obvious and by the time it is noticed, it may have assumed
yy Silica Dust It is created while working on silica- serious proportions. Construction workers are prone to
containing materials like concrete, mortar and sandstone developing such diseases as construction sites have huge levels
(also known as respirable crystalline silica or RCS); of dust. Over 500 construction workers are believed to die from
exposure to silica dust every year.
yy Wood Dust It is created while working on softwood,
hardwood and wood-based products like plywood;
The law
yy Lower Toxicity Dusts It is created while working on
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
materials containing very little or no silica. The most
2002 (COSHH) cover activities which may expose workers to
common include gypsum, limestone, marble and
construction dust.
dolomite.
There are three key things:
Health risks yy Assess (the risks)
Some of the main dust-related diseases affecting construction yy Control (the risks)
workers are: yy Review (the controls)
yy Lung Cancer
Assess (the risks)
yy Silicosis
Assess - The risks are linked to the work and materials
yy Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) yy Task high-energy tools like cut-off saws, grinders and
yy Asthma grit blasters produce a lot of dust in a very short time
Power Transmission & Distribution HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 41

yy Work Area dust will build-up more in an enclosed space
yy Time the longer the work takes, the more the dust
created
yy Frequency regularly doing the same work day after day

increases the risks
Control the dust

There are two main ways by which dust can be controlled
yy Water water dampens dust clouds
yy On-tool extraction removes dust as it is being produced.

It is a type of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) system that
fits directly onto the tool. This system consists of several
individual parts the tool, capturing hood, extraction unit
and tubing. It is however, important to use an extraction
unit to the correct specification (i.e. H (High) M (Medium) yy Selecting work clothes that do not keep hold of / attract
or L (Low) Class filter unit) dust
yy Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) Water or on-tool
extraction may not always be appropriate or they might Review (the controls)
not reduce the exposure enough as per the compliance
yy Having procedures in place to ensure that work is done in
levels. Very often respiratory protection (RPE) also needs
the right way
to be provided. RPE has an Assigned Protection Factor
(APF) which shows how much protection it gives the yy Checking whether controls are effective. Does the
wearer. The general level for construction dust is an work still seem dusty? If so, carry out dust exposure
APF of 20. This means that the wearer only breathes one monitoring
twentieth of the amount of dust in the air. yy Involving workers to help identify problems and find
solutions
Other controls
yy Maintaining equipment:
yy Limiting the number of people near the work area
Follow instructions in maintenance manuals
yy Rotating tasks
Regularly look for signs of damage. Make repairs.
yy Enclosing the work area to stop dust from escaping
Replace disposable masks in line with manufacturers
yy General mechanical ventilation to remove dusty air from
recommendations
the work area
Properly clean, store, and maintain non-disposable
RPE
yy Supervising workers. Make sure they:
Use the controls provided
Follow the correct work method
Attend any health surveillance where it is needed
Kumar Shailendra
Head-EHS, Power Transmission &
Distribution (Domestic)
42 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Power Transmission & Distribution

Re-accreditation of PT&D (D) IC
PT&D (D) IC has re-accredited for Integrated Management
System (IMS) i.e., Quality Management System ISO - 9001:
2008, Environment Management System ISO - 14001: 2004
& Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems BS
OHSAS 18001: 2007.
The certificate was handed over by Mr. Vinod Kumar (BVQI)

to Mr. J.S. Sudarsan, Executive Vice President & Head- Power
Transmission & Distribution along with senior staff members
on 8th January 2014 at HQ.
Benefits of Accreditation
ISO- 14001:2004:
It provides practical tools to identify and control

environmental impact and constantly improve
environmental performance. It helps in:
yy Reducing cost of waste management
yy Savings in consumption of energy and materials
yy Improve corporate image among regulators,
customers and the public
BS OHSAS 18001: 2007
It helps in:
yy Creating best possible working conditions
yy Identifying hazards and its control
yy Reducing workplace accidents and illness
yy Demonstrating compliance on Occupational
Health, Health and Safety, Occupational Hygiene,
Counselling and Psychology to customers and
suppliers
ISO-9001:2008
It helps in:
yy Increasing productivity, reducing unnecessary costs,
and ensuring quality of processes and products
yy Business efficiency and customer satisfaction
yy Creating greater motivation and dedication
Scope of Certification: Management of Environment,

Occupational Health & Safety requirements at Project
sites and Cluster offices (Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi,
Jaipur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Raipur) for
all Business Units.
Power Transmission & Distribution HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 43

Safety
of Honour
R o ll

two million and more LTI free safe man-hours
6 GTC/371/2010 - Qatar Power Transmission

Expansion Phase 10 Substations, Qatar 2 N -11446 - LOT 2.2 Bab 2 to Habshan
5 and & LOT 2.3 Asab 2 Stations to Shah,
UAE 220kV OHL Works
4 ADPC 1001-272 - Khalifa Port & Industrial Zone

33/11kv Electrical Substations Project, UAE N 5629.1 - Sudah Port, UAE 132/33 KV Substation
Project
21033091/00 HHR, Jeddah,

Saudi Arabia N-8033 Kalba, UAE New 132/33kV Substation
Kalba
Desert survival kit

Best practice
As a proactive measure to work in desert areas, project A10325
of UAE has identified and implemented for use, a desert
survival kit which includes 21 key contents including folding
shovel, towing rope, D-shackle, first aid kit, air compressor etc.,.
This kit can be extremely useful in case any vehicle gets stuck-
up in sand dunes and for emergency purposes.
Antony Baskar
EHS Manager
United Arab Emirates
44 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Power Transmission & Distribution (I)

Clean-up campaign
T
o enhance the
corporate social
responsibility policy
of Larsen & Toubro, PT&D
projects had joined and
affiliated with EEG (Emirates
Environmental Group) in
UAE. An NGO that participates
in the United Nations Global
Compact, (UNGC) which is
recognized as the worlds
largest voluntary initiative
on CSR and Sustainability.
EEG brings together over
hundreds of business and
non-business participants in
all UAE regions.
30th September 2013

RAS AL was a memorable
KHAIMAH: moment of L&T PT&D
December accepting the full
11, 2013, 20 pledge as member
participants of the organization.
from FEWA E11 The group had joined
project. awareness programs to
align with UN route to
restore and minimize changes in our environment.
ABU DHABI:
December Awareness camps on causes and controls to mitigate climate
4, 2013, 20 change, corporate water footprint, recycling and recently the
participants from cleanup campaign where 3 separate areas of Abu Dhabi, Ras Al
Transco project, Khaimah and Dubai had seen good success.
ADDC project,
EEG had successfully invited hundreds of companies and
Gasco project
sponsors along with media groups. All were encouraged to
and Abu Dhabi
collect unwanted and foreign materials while enjoying the
main office.
beauty of nature. This initiatve attracted all ages from school
DUBAI : children to adults of different nationalities.
December
The team from L&Ts PT&D IC had a fantastic time at the
12, 2013, 20
clean-up campaign and returned back with a strong resolve of
participants
continuing to reflect this care for nature in their daily lives for
from Sharjah
the sake of the future generations.
main office,
Dubai Airport
P.V.Kaliappan
C4 project and
EHS Gulf Head, United Arab Emirates
DEWA project.
Power Transmission & Distribution (I) HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 45

T
o achieve a unified outcome towards the global goal
of preserving mother earth, it is important that as a
community and organization, we should understand
the facts, figures, immediate and long term action plans that
are scientifically studied and reviewed by experts around
the globe with help of United Nation. This is the exact
reason why L&Ts PT&D (International) IC has been a part of
community lectures conducted by Emirates Environmental
Group (EEG).
Reducing carbon emission was one of the memorable

milestones of the organization by making sure that as a
corporate company, we create awareness and encourage
to make sure that all equipment that has possibility of
producing carbon are adequately maintained and if possible
reduce the usage by substituting it through other ways.
Awareness on reasons behind climate change, its impact

and proposed solutions for mitigation is being created.
One of the known actions is the awareness on recycling,
Nowadays, the effects of climate change are visible
reducing and conserving resources. We can now understand
and recognizable. This indicates that change is rapidly
that awareness on such areas is good but is happening in
affecting the earth. Therefore there is a pressing need to
a slow phase. People do understand but have difficulty
act fast.
in implementing it. That is because this should become a
Protecting our earth comes with plenty of angles to part of culture where everybody will implement recycling,
consider. There is no specific and single solution to solve reducing and conserving of resources in their normal daily
such problems. It should be a helping hand-in-hand with lifestyle.
monitoring systems to address cause of the problem.
In relation to conserving resources, L&Ts PT&D IC
(International) had been a part of a lecture where it focuses
on water foot print. It is essential to know how much water
we are using especially as an organization. As an organization,
we need to set a based line to know if we conserve or consume
more.
Therefore, monitoring usage on water, fuel and even recycling

materials are being recorded. It is being incorporated with
project targets to make sure that specific and acceptable
percentage is set as an alarm. So far, the management had
decided to set a target not exceeding a normal activity
consumption of 5 percentages.
Dr Ravi Kumar Rajappan

EHS Manager

Project HSE studies
GASCO 5273 - 220kV / 132kV package unit substation and
33kV substation - Al Maha camp, Abu Dhabi
C
onducting a specialized study is an essential strategy
to prevent incidents in Oil & Gas field projects. The
main objective is to undertake the HAZID (Hazard
Identification), ENVID (Environmental Identification) and
OHRA (Occupational Health Risk Assessment)study early-on
in the project life to identify key issues for resolution.
The study will identify hazards, risk including control and

mitigation measures for all project phases that aims to conclude
a risk level to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) such as;
yy Conceptual design and feed

yy Engineering procurement and construction (EPC)
yy Operation
yy Decommissioning-disposal.
The workshop studied on a based line from previous ADNOC/

GASCO standard checklist, industries best standards and
ADNOC Codes of Practices on Occupational Health Risk
Management [OHRM] (ADNOC-COPV3-01 version 3, May
2013) including local and international standards. Though
the study is not intended to be totally exhaustive, a constant
feedback from users is preferred to maintain the most effective yy Implementation issues such as contracting strategy
current working version checklist. The checklist sample guide
word are hydrocarbons (unrefined / refined), explosives, Benefits of using HAZID / ENVID / OHRA review
pressures, differences in height, object under induced stress, 1. Full recognition of the importance and interdependence
dynamic situations, natural environment, electricity, physical, of all HSE aspects at the outset of the development.
and toxic atmosphere which are relevant to the project. 2. The potential to affect major changes to philosophy /
To make it simpler, the hazards were studied under the stages design at very early stage before significant financial
such as external and environmental hazards, facility hazards, commitment is made.
health hazards, project implementation issues, environment 3. Identification of specific hazards and threats within a
aspect from planned and unplanned activities (air quality, project life cycle.
noise,solid waste generation and disposal, liquid discharge 4. An opportunity to consider the HSE implication of
and disposal, ecology, OHRA physical, chemical,biological, alternative process design as part of the selection process
ergonomics, psychosocial. between possible design options.
After such analyses, it was sub-divided into another level of 5. Identification of all the intended emissions from
hazards such as natural and environmental hazards, created the facility. This will focus the design effort on the
(man-made) hazards, effect of the facility on the surroundings, minimization of such emissions as well as on compliance
infrastructure, and lastly environmental damage. Also, facility with Company and legal requirements.
hazards were sub-divided again into: 6. Identification of processes or tasks that might pose health
yy Control Methods/Philosophy risks to personnel. Establish an inventory on chemical,
yy Fire and Explosion Hazards biological and physical agents which are potentially
yy Process Hazards hazardous to health.
yy Utility Systems S. Nellaiappan
yy Maintenance Hazards EHS Manager, GASCO Project,
yy Construction/Existing Facilities United Arab Emirates

A clean workplace is also
a safe workplace
H
ousekeeping is one of the major functions in
creating an incident free workplace. It plays a role
of stimulating the work force to work safely and
comply to procedures since tidiness encourages legitimate
performance. Several accidents are caused by people tripping,
slipping and falling over material and equipment which have
been left lying around. A number of environmental problems
could be avoided if materials are disposed off properly instead
of being allowed to escape into the surrounding area. This is one
area where everyone on a project site can make a significant
contribution to environment, health and safety.
Below are some basic tenants to act upon:
1. Check whether housekeeping is at acceptable levels

before commencing work. If not, proper housekeeping
9. Look out for sparks and hot slag falling from welding,
should be done.
cutting and other hot work and make sure that
2. Ensure all wastes are disposed in the correct skip/bin. people below are protected and covered by use of fire
blankets.
3. Do not obstruct gangways, aisles or stairways with tools or
material. 10. An accumulation of waste material provides a good
starting point for fire. Do not let it happen.
4. Make sure that the working area is free from obstruction
and remove unnecessary material before start of work. 11. Ensure that the waste disposal area is kept tidy and
containers are removed in adequate time to prevent
5. Make sure that spilled oil, grease or liquids are cleaned
spillage.
up from floors and the contaminated clean-up material is
disposed in the correct skip/bin. Individually or as a group: everybody has to comply to the
6. Position all cables and hoses out of the way. Wherever following:
possible, do not lay them across a pedestrian walkway.
1. Do not leave rubbish lying about - clean up as one leaves
7. If not possible, provide protection to the cable by means
2. Do not obstruct gangways, aisles or stairways with tools or
of wooden planks.
materials.
8. Temporary trailing cables to be organized properly to
3. Gather up any unwanted materials before start of work
avoid tripping hazards.
and dispose in the skip/bin.
4. Never place any equipment or material where there is no

security personnel to monitor it.
An attitude to maintain good housekeeping will not only

prevent incidents but also develop a positive behavior to act
proactively. It requires a commitment from the company and
individuals to make sure that such principles continue to
nurture the EHS culture.
Nick Abalde
EHS Manager,
C4 Airport Project

Safe piling operation
P
ile is a deep foundation that are used where soil in
shallow depth does not provide enough bearing
reaction to support a heavily loaded pier, column
or other member that transfer loads (moment, axial load or
lateral thrust etc.).
In specifying the use of piles, the designer should be aware

of, and assess the risks from, the following principal hazards.
Where these risks cannot be eliminated or reduced during
the design process, the planning engineer has to transmit this
information via the pre-tender health and safety plan to the
prospective principal contractors (Specialized agency). The
prospective principal contractors must outline the control
measures proposed in respect of these significant hazards.
When the project reaches the construction phase, the principal
contractor must control the hazards and risks as outlined in his
construction phase plan.
Some possible hazards and risks

yy Health hazards such as contact with contaminated risings
or groundwater and contact with hazardous materials or
dusts.
yy Noise, Vibration (HAVS/WBVS), Dust, etc.
yy All workers on the operation should be trained in the
yy Contact with plant or machinery during lifting, slewing
particular Method Statement to be used.
and pitching of piling elements, the movement of piling
rigs, etc. yy All cranes, lifting appliances and lifting gear must have
appropriate test certificates proving periodic statutory
yy Plant instability caused by gradients, variable ground
examination and must be adequate for the job on hand.
conditions, and/or inadequate bearing capacity
yy Hazards of buried or overhead services yy Such equipment (Pile Rig, Crawler cranes, Vibro hammers,
Back hoe loader etc.) should be placed on a firm level base
yy Collapse of excavations, nearby structures
and /or crane footing mats should be used.
yy Slip, trip and fall of man or materials
yy All heavy vehicular movements should be controlled by
Issues to be considered trained and competent riggers/bank-man only.
yy Ground conditions yy Consideration should be given to the risk of damage to
yy Identified buried features including cables and pipelines lifting gear from sharp edges.
yy Stability of adjacent structures, in terms of foundations yy Noise and vibration are particular hazards and all persons
and superstructures associated with the operation should wear the appropriate
protective clothing and equipment such as hard hats, eye
Safety considerations during the piling operation
and hearing protection.
yy The stability of the surrounding structures is a prime
Relevant Legislation
safety consideration
yy Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations
yy All underground services should be located by utilities
1998 (LOLER 98)
detectors i.e. cable detectors, gas pipeline tracers, etc. and
yy Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
made safe. A careful investigation should be undertaken
(PUWER 98)
to ensure there are no cellars, underground water courses,
yy Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992
or ground conditions, which could lead to hazardous
yy Abu Dhabi EHSMS Regulatory Framework, Code of
situations.
Practice EHS RI CoP 46.0 Version 2.0 February 2012
yy No objection certificates should be obtained from all
concerned authorities prior to start of piling operations. M. Vasudevan
EHS In charge-FEWA E11 Project, UAE

EHS leading & lagging indicators
Accumulated Statistics from April 2013 to Dec 2013
Analyzing the EHS Leading & Lagging indicator data are crucial to inculcate accurate preventive measures and controls for
achieving EHS goals.
Leading Indicator Analysis
Severe Injury or Fatality GCC PT&D Audit NCR's &

Major Injury
Observations Statistics
Welfare
Damage in Property Waste Management
Documentation
Near miss Motivation
Inspection System
Education
Engineering Control
Legal Requirements
As per Frank Birds theory, identifying the most common
near miss occurrence will guide us to create actions to 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
prevent it from happening again and avert any major
incident also. In line with the last three quarters near Lagging indicator analysis
miss statistics of GCC PT&D projects, we could conclude
that it is necessary to take action on unsafe acts done
by individuals. i.e., it is due time to strength in the EHS GCC PT&D First Aid Statistics
awareness, behavior based trainings as well as provide
Others
strict disciplinary actions to individuals.
Heat Stress
Foreign body in eye
Also, analysis of EHS Audit Nonconformance Report (NCR) Contact with Hot Objects
and Observations are equally important like conducting Struck against object
an EHS management system audit. This analysis will Hit by Objects
guide us on where we need a focus. As per the analysis, Pressed between Objects
Fall of Materials
compliance to legal requirements and implementation, Slip & Fall on level
adequate engineering controls for hazard elimination will Fall from height
significantly improve the EHS management system.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
It is also helpful to study the statistics of first aid cases. We

GCC PT&D Near Miss Statistics can provide adequate control measures on specific activities
to highlight the said analysis. For example, the first aid cases
Inadequate PPE caused by hit by an object. This shows that during lifting
activity, either manual lifting or using lifting equipment,
Unsafe operation of Plant & machinery
workers not related to such activity were not restricted or
Chemical Storage & handling workers who are actually doing the lifting activity are not
Unsafe act of individual focused on the task. To prevent such incidents, it is necessary
to barricade areas where lifting activity is ongoing and if risk
Slip and fall
is high, it is imperative to provide flagman. Toolbox meetings
Fall of loose material from Height and awareness talks shall go along way with these measures.
0 5 10 15 20 25 B. Rajagopal
EHS Manager

Setting global benchmarks
S
audi ARAMCO is one of the prestigious clients in yy Also, the contractor shall
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who is very keen organise and create an
on maintaining safety standards to world-class Emergency Response Plan
levels. The client has established key safety requirements (ERP), Heat Stress Plan
and guidelines that need to be complied to. The (HSP), site layout plan, waste
requirements and guidelines have been divided into 2 management plan.
criteria such as: yy Apart from the above,
contractors employing
yy Rules and Regulations
more than 50 people, shall
yy Contractor EHS Requirements contractually arrange a
designated medical facility
Rules and Regulations
as per the requirement of Saudi ARAMCO Medical
yy Construction Safety Manual (CSM Revision #: 5, October, Services Organization (SAMSO).
2011)
There are special safety requirement such as;
yy General Instructions (GI)
yy Job site safety log book shall be maintained at job site
yy Plant Safety Manuals, if the activity inside in any operating office.
facility
yy Contractor shall provide written evidence that its
Contractor EHS requirements employees clearly have authority to stop their own work
due to unsafe conditions or acts.
yy Contractors shall submit for approval a Contractor
yy Contractor shall provide a dedicated ambulance at each
Site Safety Program (CSSM), previously called Loss
work site clinic.
Prevention Program, to Loss Prevention Department
(LPD). yy Camp accommodation rooms shall have not less than 50
sq.ft of air conditioned living area per person.
yy It is required to deploy safety staff to all activities that
yy A properly completed Confined Space Entry Permit
complies the ratio guidelines given by the client.
(CSEP) shall be obtained to enter excavations equal to or
yy The contractor shall conduct and create a Hazard greater than 1.2 m deep.
Identification Plan (HIP).Basically, HIP is not similar to yy Mechanical excavators shall not be used within 10 feet
Risk Assessment (RA). around underground utilities.
yy Only specific manufacturers and brands of system
Ratio of Safety
Safety Min. # Safety scaffolding are permitted to be used.
No of Officers to
Manager Supervisor(s)
Employees Employees yy Full body harness shall withstand a load of support
Required Required
Present (min.) minimum 2,268 kg dead weight.
1 25 No No None yy Snap hooks and carabineers shall have self-closing and
self-locking type for fall protection equipment.
26 50 No One (1) None
yy An arc flash suit shall be worn when working on or near
51 500 No One (1) 1 : 50 electrical equipment.
1 for every 10 yy Man basket crane lift shall not be performed in wind
501 1,000 Yes 1 : 50 speed exceeding 25 kilometers per hour.
safety officers
20 officers plus yy A scaffold plan shall be prepared and erected only by
1,001 1 for every 10
Yes additional at specialized scaffolding contractor for all scaffolds over
5,000 safety officers ratio of 1 : 100 12.2 meters height.
1 for every 60 officers plus
5,000+ Yes safety 10 additional at A Mohammed Rafq
officers ratio of 1 : 150 Asst. EHS Manager, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Safety
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
L&T believes that education is an effective way to cultivate
people into the right culture and knowledge. The more a
person knows about the risk or the result of non-compliance,
the more he or she will be vigilant in following the same.
UAE Trainings Kuwait Training

Working at Height Loto Training
Work on Mountain Slope
Safety devices are designed
Scaffolding & Rigger
Rigger Working at Height
Raft Concrete Desert Hazard & UXO
Man & Machine Cable pulling & laying
Induction Defensive driving
IMS Orientation
PPE Awareness
Housekeeping & Waste
Heat Stress Environmental Awareness
Emergency Drill Heat Stress
EHS Steward Transformer placing(Onsite)
EHS Plan Orientation Fire Watch Training
EHS Internship
Fire safety at work
EHS Inspector
Dust Inhalation Hand safety
Construction Safety First Aid Training
Basic First Aid & Fire Warden H2S Awareness
0 2 4 6 8
0 2 4
Choosing the right training to serve the purpose of reducing people know what to do to be safe and also become efficient
or even removing incidents and accident is one of the main in what they do.
challenges to an organization. PT&D (International)therefore
Another key factor in conducting trainings is how much do
aligns the trainings topics to the present activitys risk and
the attendees absorb? Measuring it by on the spot questioning
provides education on what appropriate control measures
or even conducting an examination is an effective way.
has to be put in. In this way, the EHS team ensures that
Qatar Training
HSE In-House Training KSA Training
Emergency mock drill
Mock Drill & Fire Extinguisher Training
In House Training - Environmental Awareness Case Study
Safety in Construction
0 1 2 3 4
0 1 2

PDO HSE shield - 2013
Petroleum Development of Oman Conferred the HSE Shield for 1 year Injury
free operation to LTOs Power system upgrade Project
In LTO, EHS is a core value which is reflected in our policy. We
are committed to provide healthy & safe working atmosphere
to employees & related parties.
This approach has led us to achieve an outstanding

accomplishment of 1 year injury free operation in Power
System Upgrade Project. PDO aptly recognized this milestone
by presenting a HSE shield to Mr H. D. Jagam, Head (EHS)
during the Monthly Contractor HSE Meeting.
It was awarded by Mr. Mohamed Al Aghbari UIE (Utility

infrastructure Electrical Head) & Mr. M. Al-Amri UIE /5
Contract Holder.
LTO also achieved 0.84 million Safe Man-hours in the same

project adding another feather to the cap.
This project was awarded to LTO in March 2012 and the scope
involves construction of New 132kV outdoor substation at Al
Khalata, 132kV OHL LILO for Al Khalata SS (~6.6Km), 132kV
OHL between Harweel Thulailat (~68Km), Bay extension at
Harweel & Thulailat 132kV SS, New 132kV outdoor substation
at Al Amin -2, Modification at Murmul & Amalstream 132kV
SS and Modification at Amin & Nimrwest 132kV.
preventable. All we need to do is to pay attention to what we
In LTO, working safely is the condition of employment and we are doing, to use our common sense and take time to do things
strive to ensure that our safety values become part and parcel in a correct way. This automatically becomes a safe way. says
of life. This award reinstates our belief that all accidents are Mr. P. R. Surendhra Babu, Chief Executive, LTO.
Mr. T. Madhava Das, VP &Head PTD International Cluster - I and Mr. P. R. Surendhra Babu, Chief Executive, LTO congratulated the PDO team
for achieving this commendable feat.
Larsen & Toubro Oman HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 53

Safety
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
EHS training for spouses
It was shocking news for all that 4 Omani family members

were found dead on their bed in an early morning fire
accident in Muscat. As per the authority, cause of death is
due to carbon monoxide poisoning.
The company management not only stresses on on the

Job safety but also on off the job safety for staff & their
family members. In line with this, initial fire responses
training was organized for housewives on 4 th October
2013 at corporate office, Ruwi, Muscat to appraise them
about the risk of fire and carbon monoxide poisoning. A
total of 22 spouses along with their children attended the
programme and were benefitted.
Mr. Harshawardhan D. Jagam, Head of EHS handled

the session and informed the participants about fire
prevention and initial response in case of fire, kitchen
fire, use of fire extinguisher, Health & Hygiene safety. He
also demonstrated practical use of fire extinguisher to the
members.
54 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Larsen & Toubro Oman

Traffic safety expo 2013
The Traffic Safety Expo 2013 is a special event for LLC has partnered with Oman Traffic Expo in the 3rd
the Sultanate of Oman. Larsen & Toubro (Oman) LLC consecutive year.
participated in the 3rd traffic safety Expo, held from
Traffic Safety Expo 2013 brought senior government
November 11 to 14, 2013 at the Oman International
officials, senior police representatives, fire and rescue
Exhibition Centre.
safety officers, local authorities, industry executives,
The exhibition was organized by Oman Expo, in engineers, fleet managers, other road safety related
collaboration with Royal Oman Police (ROP)under the professionals, visitors and the media together under one
theme Traffic safety is everyones responsibility. The roof to promote the importance of human life and to
expo was inaugurated by Mr. Ali bin Masoud Al Sunaidi, eradicate the carefree attitude prevalent among drivers
Minister of Commerce and Industry. today.
The Traffic Safety Expo 2013 was aimed at eradicating LTO is proud to be one of the participant and exhibitor for
reckless driving behavior and stressing the importance of this important national event as we believe in contributing
human value. LTO is pleased to support this initiative as towards general society wellbeing and exhibiting our
we believe that road safety is a critical area of concern and commitment with regard to traffic / road safety in Oman.
people should be positively influenced to bring down the We also believe that this event is beneficial to the general
rate of accidents in the country. Larsen & Toubro (Oman) public and employees in particular.
Larsen & Toubro Oman HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 55

World diabetes day
Diabetes, one of the most common diseases today is mostly
a manifestation of an unnatural lifestyle, hence called a
modern lifestyle disease. LTO organized a diabetes awareness
program to mark the World Diabetes Day celebrations on
November 17, 2013 at corporate office, Muscat.
Over 50 employees including senior official of LTO

participated in the programme that included a one hour
lecture on diabetes, its causes, preventions and how patients
can maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Dr. Thashli Thankachen, Physician and Diabetologist,

Apollo Clinic was called to deliver the lecture.
Dr. Thankachen highlighted the reasons of diabetes and
ways to prevent it. He stressed on maintaining a proper
lifestyle such as regulation of food and sleep, right form of
nutritious and balanced diet, right form of exercise (walking,
yoga and meditation), avoiding toxicants like fast food and
high calorie food items&maintaining the body weight. The
doctor advised everyone to exercise daily, refrain from
eating fast foods which is high in saturated fats, and develop
healthy eating habits.
World heart day

prevention and control of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
with focus on women and children as healthy children
lead to healthy adults and healthy adults lead to healthy
families and communities.
Dr. Joshi, Cardiologist, Hatat Polyclnic, Muscat delivered

a lecture on cardiovascular disease. He highlighted the
dangers of heart diseases, heart strokes, high blood
pressure, cholesterol, smoking, unhealthy food, obesity
and importance of physical activities for keeping the
heart healthy.
He also briefed the risk factors due to inadequate intake

of fruits and vegetables, alcohol consumption and family
history which contributes to heart diseases.
The doctor advised the participants to consume healthy

To commemorate World Heart Day, L&T Oman food, a green rich diet, controlling salt intake, benefits of
celebrated the World Heart Day on 29th September 2013. exercise particularly walking for 45 min/day for at least 5
This year, the theme of the WHD celebration is Take the days a week, not smoking, keeping an eye on cholesterol
road to a healthy heart. A life course approach to the levels and monitoring the blood sugar levels.
56 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Larsen & Toubro Oman

Safety
of Honour
R o ll

42 Bhushan Steel Limited Site - Angul (M&M)

January 2013 to December 2013 11 Engineering Workshop Limited, Kanchipuram
32 Vizag Steel Plant Expansion Project - BF # 3

April 2009 to December 2013 10 Coal Handling plant, DVC Koderma
Mahan Aluminum Plant (HINDALCO)-Singrauli

December 2010 to December 2013 10 Coal Handling plant, Rajpura
26 UAIL Rayagada
July 2011 to December 2013 6 Aditya Alumina Lapanga
20 Coal Handling plant for NTPC - Barh

August 2006 to December 2013 5 Pot Super Structure (HINDALCO), Mahan,
Singrauli
19 Dhamra port Project

April 2007 to December 2013 DB Power CHP Project Raigarh
18 Wheel Manufacturing plant at Chhapra

February 2009 to December 2013 SSTPPL CHP Project, Khandwa
17 Can Mill Project Hirakud Site

4 NTPC- Barh, Phase-II
15 SAIL-Burnpur Site
HZL (Roaster-V), Dariba
12 JSPL Angul
GCEL CHP Project, Raipur
11 BALCO - Korba
APML CHP-Tiroda
CHP-Mahan (HINDALCO), Singrauli CRM#2 & BRM#2 JSW BELLARY

January 2011 to December 2013 June 2011 to December 2013
Bhilai Steel Plant Expansion Project - BF # 8

August 2010 to December 2013 3 CHP (INDIABULLS) Nashik
Bhilai Steel Plant Expansion Project - SP # 3 CHP (INDIABULLS) Amaravati

August 2010 to December 2013 May 2010 to December 2013
Metallurgical & Material Handling HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 57

Road safety Some guidelines
Road accidents mostly occur due to recklessness,
carelessness, overconfidence, illiteracy among drivers, yy Avoid use of mobile phones whilst
scant respect for road safety regulations, jumping red driving - Making or receiving a call, or even
lights, wrong overtaking especially on the highways and using a hands free phone, can be distracting
in cities. Drivers of large trucks often do not pay attention and could lead to an accident.
to other road users. Some buses are not even fit to carry
passengers but are being used in highways and cities with yy Belt-up in the back too - In a collision, an
impunity. unbelted rear passenger can be seriously
injured or even killed apart from injuring
Most vehicles are not equipped with workable speedometers those in the front
with the result over-speeding leading to accidents.
Overloading has become normal to the extent that buses yy Dont drink and drive - Any amount of
meant to take about four passengers on a row now take six alcohol, even a small amount, can impair
instead. All these factors contribute to many fatal accidents driving
daily.
yy Drive slowly and carefully - At 35 mph one

The personal loss is twice as likely to kill a pedestrian than at
30 mph.
Accidents cause unnecessary loss of lives, anguish and
trauma for the families and near and dear ones of the
yy Children - Children often act impulsively,
deceased. They seek explanations: How did it happen? hence the need to take extra care outside
Why did it happen? Could it have been prevented? Did schools, near buses and ice cream vans when
their loved one in some way contribute to the incident? they might be around.
Accidents often rob a family of its bread-winner leaving
it well-nigh destitute. The lamentable truth is that all this yy Take a break - Tiredness is considered a
can be avoided if road safety is followed rigorously by all major factor in more than 10% of road
who use the road. accidents. Plan to stop for at least a 15 minute
break every 2 hours on a long journey.
yy Walk safely - When crossing a road always

use a pedestrian crossing if there is one
nearby. Wear fluorescent or reflective
clothing in poor light conditions to be easily
seen.
yy Be alert - Observe and anticipate other road

users and use your mirrors regularly.
yy Use car seats - Child and baby seats

should be fitted properly and checked on
every trip.
yy Keep safe distance - Always keep a two

second gap between you and the car in front.
58 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Metallurgical & Material Handling

Safety exhibition at MMH IC - HQ
A Safety Exhibition by L&T Construction (MMH IC) was President & Head-MMH IC inaugurated the exhibition. Many
conducted on 3rd January, 2014 at Conference Hall 3 & 4 of senior executives were present during the inaugural
Godrej Waterside Building, Kolkata (12th floor). The exhibition function.
showcased the latest safety gadgets, unique technological
Various stalls displaying the latest safety interventions were
interventions on EHS, innovative safe procedures and various
set up. Mr. D.M.Shah visited all the stalls and appreciated the
Personal Protective Equipment in the form of modules and
efforts taken by the EHS Dept. He also suggested arranging such
poster presentations. This was organised as an initiative
exhibitions in all our project sites. Nearly 1050 staff members
towards innovative safety interventions and spreading safety
visited the safety exhibition.
awareness among employees. Mr.D.M.Shah, Executive Vice
Metallurgical & Material Handling HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 59

25th Road Safety Week
T
he beginning of the 25th road safety week was from the office premises wearing bright yellow T-shirts
marked with rallies and awareness camps across and caps, holding awareness banners on the importance
the country. India has reported the highest number of adhering to road safety rules.
of road fatalities amongst all countries in the world.
The staff and their family members gathered at the HQ
With road related accidents being one of major cause
campus at about 9.00 a.m and were briefed about the
of loss of lives, it is only imperative that an increased
days activities by the safety heads of various ICs. After
level of awareness among road users can go a long way
administering the safety pledge, the group started the
in preventing accidents. Ministry of Road Transport and
Walkathon towards Porur. The group spread itself on four
Highways observes 11th to 17th January as Road Safety Week
directions of the ever-busy Porur junction, handing over
and has advised all concerned states and organizations to
pamphlets on road safety. L&Tites advised car users to
conduct symbolic Walkathons.
wear seat belts and two wheeler riders were educated on
Going in line with the theme for this year, When on the importance of wearing helmets. Even pedestrians were
the road, always say, You First, the project sites across informed on the importance of crossing the road in a more
L&T have planned numerous activities where staff and responsible and safe manner.
workmen conducted rallies and marches to infuse this
The L&Tites were busying themselves at the junction for
theme to the road users.
over an hour and they walked back to the campus with
At Chennai, a Walkathon from Manapakkam to the busy the same gusto and a fervent hope that they have infused
Porur junction was carried out on 12th of January. About some awareness among road users which would go a long
300 enthusiastic L&Tites and their family members walked way in saving the precious lives of many.
Edited by Mr. V.S. Ramana for L&T Construction from L&T Construction Headquarters, Manapakkam, Chennai - 600 089. The views expressed
in this magazine are not necessarily those of the Management. The contents of this magazine may not be reproduced without the written
permission of the Editor. Not for sale. Only for circulation among employees of L&T Construction.

Helmet Magazine Oct Dec2013 4330

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Helmet

Environment Health Safety Oct - Dec 2013 Volume - 4 Issue - 3

Safety Month kicks off with

The lead story is on the safety month inaugural

Hope that you find these articles useful and

To achieve the goal of ZERO INCIDENT, was what

Though there was significant improvement in L&T

Mr. Kumar Shailendra Chief Environment Health &

In his inaugural speech, Mr. S. N. Subrahmanyan,

HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 3

Mr. V. Balaji, Head, Environment Health & Safety (EHS),

In his vote of thanks, Mr. M Kamarajan, Advisor,

4 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013

HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 5

Helmet congratulates the following sites for achieving

34 Mumbai International Airport Project

23 The Address - Wadhwa Housing Project,

20 Rajashree cement plant project, Malkhed 9 Omkar Rehab project, Malad

18 Vicat Sagar Project July 2009 to December 2013

8 TCS Customer Care Centre, Siruseri

14 Cognizant Elcot IT Park Project, Sholinganallur

13 RMZ Galleria Project, Bangalore

11 Godrej Garden City Ph-III Project,

6 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Buildings & Factories

5 Olympia Grande Project, Chennai

4 HCL Technologies Project, Chennai

Jaypee Kube Project, Delhi Hyderabad Metro Rail Project

DLF Maiden Heights Ph I Project, Bengaluru BARC Project, Trombay

Principles of Safety Management

Buildings & Factories HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 7

Towards this, the Safe-to-start-Work card has been made

Moving away from the reactive goals to proactive goals, the

yy Established formal standards for EHS behaviour and performance (proactive)

yy An effective (and transparent) system of measurement

yy Effective consequences based on the measurement and

yy Periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of the whole

The proactive EHS performance monitoring system meets all

8 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Buildings & Factories

emphasizing this point is because; under no circumstances Why?

should budgetary provision be a constraint for EHS

A software is presently being sourced which will facilitate

Unsafe behaviour is the result of people reacting to the

Frontline engineers are being urged to think about the

This principle traces the movement from technical

Buildings & Factories HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 9

10 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Buildings & Factories

This system becomes a source of independent water supply

water during drought conditions or summer. Rainwater

Harvesting System circular channels

yy Bamboo or betel trunks cut vertically in half

Buildings & Factories HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 11

When rainwater is harvested in a large rooftop area, the

This way, the area of filtration is increased for sand, in relation

I) Horizontal roughing filter and slow sand filter

The introduction of horizontal roughing filter and slow sand

12 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Buildings & Factories

The sump is a storage provision to collect filtered water from

Buildings & Factories HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 13

Drinking water generally has harmful contents

What substances endanger the quality of drinking

Legionella is a bacterium that grows rapidly when water is maintained at a

How can the quality of drinking water be protected?

14 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Buildings & Factories

Buildings & Factories HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 15